1
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Zwirner S, Abu Rmilah AA, Klotz S, Pfaffenroth B, Kloevekorn P, Moschopoulou AA, Schuette S, Haag M, Selig R, Li K, Zhou W, Nelson E, Poso A, Chen H, Amiot B, Jia Y, Minshew A, Michalak G, Cui W, Rist E, Longerich T, Jung B, Felgendreff P, Trompak O, Premsrirut PK, Gries K, Muerdter TE, Heinkele G, Wuestefeld T, Shapiro D, Weissbach M, Koenigsrainer A, Sipos B, Ab E, Zacarias MO, Theisgen S, Gruenheit N, Biskup S, Schwab M, Albrecht W, Laufer S, Nyberg S, Zender L. First-in-class MKK4 inhibitors enhance liver regeneration and prevent liver failure. Cell 2024; 187:1666-1684.e26. [PMID: 38490194 PMCID: PMC11011246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Diminished hepatocyte regeneration is a key feature of acute and chronic liver diseases and after extended liver resections, resulting in the inability to maintain or restore a sufficient functional liver mass. Therapies to restore hepatocyte regeneration are lacking, making liver transplantation the only curative option for end-stage liver disease. Here, we report on the structure-based development and characterization (nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectroscopy) of first-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the dual-specificity kinase MKK4 (MKK4i). MKK4i increased liver regeneration upon hepatectomy in murine and porcine models, allowed for survival of pigs in a lethal 85% hepatectomy model, and showed antisteatotic and antifibrotic effects in liver disease mouse models. A first-in-human phase I trial (European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials [EudraCT] 2021-000193-28) with the clinical candidate HRX215 was conducted and revealed excellent safety and pharmacokinetics. Clinical trials to probe HRX215 for prevention/treatment of liver failure after extensive oncological liver resections or after transplantation of small grafts are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zwirner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; HepaRegeniX GmbH, Tübingen 72072, Germany
| | - Anan A Abu Rmilah
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sabrina Klotz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bent Pfaffenroth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Philip Kloevekorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Athina A Moschopoulou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Svenja Schuette
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - Roland Selig
- HepaRegeniX GmbH, Tübingen 72072, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Kewei Li
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erek Nelson
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Antti Poso
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland; iFIT Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2180) "Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Harvey Chen
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bruce Amiot
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yao Jia
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anna Minshew
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory Michalak
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Elke Rist
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Felgendreff
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Omelyan Trompak
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Gries
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Thomas E Muerdter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - Georg Heinkele
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Laboratory for In Vivo Genetics & Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138672, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | | | - Alfred Koenigsrainer
- iFIT Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2180) "Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of General-, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Eiso Ab
- ZoBio B.V., Leiden 2333 CH, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart 70376, Germany; iFIT Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2180) "Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD(2)), Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Scott Nyberg
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; iFIT Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2180) "Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany; German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD(2)), Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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2
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Koch MS, Czemmel S, Lennartz F, Beyeler S, Rajaraman S, Przystal JM, Govindarajan P, Canjuga D, Neumann M, Rizzu P, Zwirner S, Hoetker MS, Zender L, Walter B, Tatagiba M, Raineteau O, Heutink P, Nahnsen S, Tabatabai G. Experimental glioma with high bHLH expression harbor increased replicative stress and are sensitive toward ATR inhibition. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa115. [PMID: 33134924 PMCID: PMC7592426 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The overexpression of (basic)helix-loop-helix ((b)HLH) transcription factors (TFs) is frequent in malignant glioma. We investigated molecular effects upon disruption of the (b)HLH network by a dominant-negative variant of the E47 protein (dnE47). Our goal was to identify novel molecular subgroup-specific therapeutic strategies. Methods Glioma cell lines LN229, LNZ308, and GS-2/GS-9 were lentivirally transduced. Functional characterization included immunocytochemistry, immunoblots, cytotoxic, and clonogenic survival assays in vitro, and latency until neurological symptoms in vivo. Results of cap analysis gene expression and RNA-sequencing were further validated by immunoblot, flow cytometry, and functional assays in vitro. Results The induction of dnE47-RFP led to cytoplasmic sequestration of (b)HLH TFs and antiglioma activity in vitro and in vivo. Downstream molecular events, ie, alterations in transcription start site usage and in the transcriptome revealed enrichment of cancer-relevant pathways, particularly of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Pharmacologic validation of this result using ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibition led to a significantly enhanced early and late apoptotic effect compared with temozolomide alone. Conclusions Gliomas overexpressing (b)HLH TFs are sensitive toward inhibition of the ATR kinase. The combination of ATR inhibition plus temozolomide or radiation therapy in this molecular subgroup are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin Sophia Koch
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Czemmel
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Lennartz
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Beyeler
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Srinath Rajaraman
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justyna Magdalena Przystal
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Parameswari Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denis Canjuga
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Neumann
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zwirner
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Stefan Hoetker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Walter
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olivier Raineteau
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Nahnsen
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Rudalska R, Harbig J, Snaebjoernsson M, Taranets L, Heinzmann F, Zwirner S, Hu WC, Kronenberger T, Kang TW, Poso A, Laufer S, Rosenfeldt M, Malek NP, Pichler B, Popov N, Schulze A, Zender L, Dauch D. Abstract 4377: Liver X receptor mediated lipotoxicity represents a treatment option for liver cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Solid tumors evolve significant changes in metabolic pathways during development by virtue of their specific biosynthetic demands, their particular microenvironment and the potential occurrence of toxic metabolites such as reactive oxygen species. However, the development of cancer treatment approaches that are based on the inhibition of biosynthetic routes is impaired due to the high plasticity of metabolic networks, e.g. resulting in activation of compensatory pathways or in an increased exchange of metabolites between cancer cells and the tumor environment. Therefore, such therapies could not be translated into efficient clinical applications so far.
Here we show that an enhanced lipogenesis, triggered by a pharmacological activation of the Liver X receptor (LXR), represents a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver carcinoma (HCC). A combination of LXR mediated fatty acid synthesis and concomitant Raf suppression results in oxidative stress, induction of a critical ER stress response and subsequently in apoptosis of different murine and human liver cancer cells. Our mechanistic studies identified Raf as an important regulator of lipid metabolism in liver cancer. We found that Raf-1 directly interacts with Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd1), the central enzyme for the conversion of saturated into mono-unsaturated fatty acids and thereby maintains Scd1 protein stability in HCC cells. Thus, inhibition of Raf by Sorafenib diminished Scd1 protein abundance leading to toxic accumulation of saturated fatty acids and metabolic stress in cancer cells under sustained lipogenesis. Treatment studies in autochthonous liver cancer mouse models and xenograft models of human HCC revealed that a combinatorial therapy, consisting of the LXR agonist T0901317 and Sorafenib is highly potent to suppress liver cancer development and to extend the survival of tumor bearing animals. Such a therapy was efficient against hepatic neoplasia with different metabolic phenotypes and well tolerated by mice, even by animals that already suffer from a fatty liver disease.
Taken together, we here propose a pharmacologically induced accumulation of toxic metabolites in cancer cells as a new strategy for efficient metabolic targeting of therapy refractory solid tumors.
Citation Format: Ramona Rudalska, Jule Harbig, Marteinn Snaebjoernsson, Lyudmyla Taranets, Florian Heinzmann, Stefan Zwirner, Wei Ciu Hu, Thales Kronenberger, Tae-Won Kang, Antti Poso, Stefan Laufer, Mathias Rosenfeldt, Nisar P. Malek, Bernd Pichler, Nikita Popov, Almut Schulze, Lars Zender, Daniel Dauch. Liver X receptor mediated lipotoxicity represents a treatment option for liver cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4377.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jule Harbig
- 1University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Ciu Hu
- 1University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Antti Poso
- 3University of Eastern Finland and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lars Zender
- 1University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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4
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Gresch G, Schenke L, Mladenov R, Zwirner S, Cremer C, Niesen J, Grieger E, Brümmendorf T, Jost E, Fischer R, Stockmeyer B, Barth S, Nachreiner T, Stein C. Elimination of different leukaemia subtypes using novel CD89-specific human cytolytic fusion proteins. Br J Haematol 2017; 183:313-317. [PMID: 29048126 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Gresch
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lea Schenke
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Radoslav Mladenov
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zwirner
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Cremer
- Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith Niesen
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Grieger
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Brümmendorf
- Department of Haematology and Oncology (Internal Medicine IV), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Jost
- Department of Haematology and Oncology (Internal Medicine IV), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Stockmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology/Oncology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Nachreiner
- Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stein
- Department of Immunotherapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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5
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Boege Y, Malehmir M, Healy ME, Bettermann K, Lorentzen A, Vucur M, Ahuja AK, Böhm F, Mertens JC, Shimizu Y, Frick L, Remouchamps C, Mutreja K, Kähne T, Sundaravinayagam D, Wolf MJ, Rehrauer H, Koppe C, Speicher T, Padrissa-Altés S, Maire R, Schattenberg JM, Jeong JS, Liu L, Zwirner S, Boger R, Hüser N, Davis RJ, Müllhaupt B, Moch H, Schulze-Bergkamen H, Clavien PA, Werner S, Borsig L, Luther SA, Jost PJ, Weinlich R, Unger K, Behrens A, Hillert L, Dillon C, Di Virgilio M, Wallach D, Dejardin E, Zender L, Naumann M, Walczak H, Green DR, Lopes M, Lavrik I, Luedde T, Heikenwalder M, Weber A. A Dual Role of Caspase-8 in Triggering and Sensing Proliferation-Associated DNA Damage, a Key Determinant of Liver Cancer Development. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:342-359.e10. [PMID: 28898696 PMCID: PMC5598544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant hepatocyte apoptosis and regeneration is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) predisposing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we mechanistically link caspase-8-dependent apoptosis to HCC development via proliferation- and replication-associated DNA damage. Proliferation-associated replication stress, DNA damage, and genetic instability are detectable in CLDs before any neoplastic changes occur. Accumulated levels of hepatocyte apoptosis determine and predict subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis. Proliferation-associated DNA damage is sensed by a complex comprising caspase-8, FADD, c-FLIP, and a kinase-dependent function of RIPK1. This platform requires a non-apoptotic function of caspase-8, but no caspase-3 or caspase-8 cleavage. It may represent a DNA damage-sensing mechanism in hepatocytes that can act via JNK and subsequent phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Boege
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohsen Malehmir
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc E Healy
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kira Bettermann
- Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Lorentzen
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Medicine III, Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Akshay K Ahuja
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Böhm
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim C Mertens
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Lukas Frick
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Remouchamps
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-R, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karun Mutreja
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Devakumar Sundaravinayagam
- DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika J Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH and University Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Koppe
- Department of Medicine III, Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Speicher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Renaud Maire
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ju-Seong Jeong
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Zwirner
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Regina Boger
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Roger J Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Beat Müllhaupt
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Clinic of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Philipp J Jost
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ricardo Weinlich
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Laura Hillert
- Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Dillon
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michela Di Virgilio
- DNA Repair and Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-R, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inna Lavrik
- Department of Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, Division of GI and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Institute of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Deutsches Krebs-Forschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wolter K, Pesic M, Klotz S, Herranz N, Wuestefeld T, Kang TW, Seehawer M, Chawla R, Zwirner S, Cotton J, Zhou B, Krüger M, Klawonn F, Longerich T, Sipos B, Pichler B, Gil J, Eilers M, Premsrirut PK, Poso A, Zender L. Abstract LB-335: Induction of Ribosomal Checkpoint Induced Senescence (RCIS) for the treatment of liver cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-lb-335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
While ribosomal proteins are generally considered to be essential genes, the existence of ribosomopathies suggests that a therapeutic window for exploiting ribosomal proteins as targets for cancer therapy may exist. We report distinct stress responses of tumor cells and normal cells upon knockdown of Rpl15, a ribosomal protein which was identified in a direct in vivo shRNA screen for new therapeutic targets in liver cancer. While normal cells undergo a reversible cell cycle arrest, we found that in tumor cells, the knockdown of Rpl15 triggers a ribosomal stress response followed by induction of cellular senescence, designated ribosomal checkpoint induced senescence (RCIS). Importantly, Rpl15 suppression triggered RCIS independent of any reduction in global protein translation. Using well established therapy resistant murine HCC models, we show that shRNAs targeting Rpl15 potently suppress tumor development in genetically diverse murine HCCs. Using Rpl15 shRNA transgenic mice, allowing for ubiquitous shRNA mediated suppression of Rpl15, we show that systemic Rpl15 suppression can be tolerated for up to 5 days, thus revealing a therapeutic window for metronomic Rpl15 inhibitory therapies. However, molecular modeling analyses revealed that Rpl15 is not druggable by small molecule inhibitors and we thus set out to explore whether RCIS can be induced via interference with other ribosomal proteins or other factors involved in ribosome biogenesis. We generated and screened a focused shRNA library targeting 41 ribosomal proteins and 19 ribosome biogenesis factors and found that apart from Rpl15, only a small subset of shRNAs scored. From a druggability point of view it was interesting, that shRNAs targeting components of the RNA polymerase I complex had scored, as recently a pharmacological RNA polymerase I inhibitor became available. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of RNA polymerase I induced RCIS and mediated an excellent prolongation of survival (far superior to the clinically used standard therapy Sorafenib), however in contrast to targeting Rpl15, targeting RNA polymerase I failed to achieve full long term tumor suppression. Mechanistically we found a less efficient immune mediated clearance of senescent cells as a possible explanation. In line with the idea that distinct secretory profiles underlie differences in immune mediated clearance of RCIS cells, cytokine arrays revealed distinct secretory profiles of RCIS induced by Rpl15 suppression and RCIS induced via shRNA or pharmacological RNA polymerase I inhibition.
Citation Format: Katharina Wolter, Marina Pesic, Sabrina Klotz, Nicolas Herranz, Torsten Wuestefeld, Tae-Won Kang, Marco Seehawer, Rishabh Chawla, Stefan Zwirner, Jonathan Cotton, Benyuan Zhou, Marcel Krüger, Frank Klawonn, Thomas Longerich, Bence Sipos, Bernd Pichler, Jesus Gil, Martin Eilers, Prem K. Premsrirut, Antti Poso, Lars Zender. Induction of Ribosomal Checkpoint Induced Senescence (RCIS) for the treatment of liver cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-335. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-335
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wolter
- 1University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marina Pesic
- 1University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Klotz
- 1University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Herranz
- 2Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- 1University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tae-Won Kang
- 1University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marco Seehawer
- 1University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rishabh Chawla
- 1University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zwirner
- 1University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Cotton
- 3University Hospital Tuebingen; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Benyuan Zhou
- 3University Hospital Tuebingen; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Krüger
- 3University Hospital Tuebingen; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- 4Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- 5University Hospital Aachen, Institute of Pathology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- 6University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Pichler
- 3University Hospital Tuebingen; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jesus Gil
- 2Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Eilers
- 7Julius-Maximilians-Universität Klinikum Würzburg; Theordor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften; Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Antti Poso
- 9University of Eastern Finland School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, Finland and University Hospital Tuebingen, Internal Medicine VIII, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- 10University Hospital Tuebingen; Internal Medicine VIII and Physiology I, Tuebingen; Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group within the German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Tuebingen, Germany
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Zwirner S, Ichas V, Braithwaite D, Waerenborgh JC, Heathman S, Potzel W, Kalvius GM, Spirlet JC, Rebizant J. Magnetic properties of NpGa3 at high pressures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:12283-12293. [PMID: 9985091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hiess A, Bonnet M, Burlet P, Ressouche E, Sanchez JP, Waerenborgh JC, Zwirner S, Wastin F, Rebizant J, Lander GH, Smith JL. On the Magnetic Interactions in Metal-Be13 Compounds. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 77:3917-3920. [PMID: 10062341 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Gal J, Yaar I, Fredo S, Halevy I, Potzel W, Zwirner S, Kalvius GM. Magnetic and electronic properties of cubic NpX3 intermetallics. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:5351-5356. [PMID: 10004314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Kalvius GM, Zwirner S, Potzel U, Moser J, Potzel W, Litterst FJ, Gal J, Fredo S, Yaar I, Spirlet JC. Localized properties of the itinerant 5f-electron antiferromagnet NpSn3. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:2290-2293. [PMID: 10042507 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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