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De Meyer S, Blujdea ER, Schaeverbeke J, Reinartz M, Luckett ES, Adamczuk K, Van Laere K, Dupont P, Teunissen CE, Vandenberghe R, Poesen K. Longitudinal associations of serum biomarkers with early cognitive, amyloid and grey matter changes. Brain 2024; 147:936-948. [PMID: 37787146 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers have been extensively evaluated for their diagnostic potential in Alzheimer's disease. However, their relative prognostic and monitoring capabilities for cognitive decline, amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and grey matter loss in cognitively unimpaired elderly require further investigation over extended time periods. This prospective cohort study in cognitively unimpaired elderly [n = 185, mean age (range) = 69 (53-84) years, 48% female] examined the prognostic and monitoring capabilities of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 and phosphorylated tau (pTau)181 through their quantification in serum. All participants underwent baseline Aβ-PET, MRI and blood sampling as well as 2-yearly cognitive testing. A subset additionally underwent Aβ-PET (n = 109), MRI (n = 106) and blood sampling (n = 110) during follow-up [median time interval (range) = 6.1 (1.3-11.0) years]. Matching plasma measurements were available for Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 and pTau181 (both n = 140). Linear mixed-effects models showed that high serum GFAP and NfL predicted future cognitive decline in memory (βGFAP×Time = -0.021, PFDR = 0.007 and βNfL×Time = -0.031, PFDR = 0.002) and language (βGFAP×Time = -0.021, PFDR = 0.002 and βNfL×Time = -0.018, PFDR = 0.03) domains. Low serum Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 equally but independently predicted memory decline (βAβ1-42/Aβ1-40×Time = -0.024, PFDR = 0.02). Whole-brain voxelwise analyses revealed that low Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 predicted Aβ accumulation within the precuneus and frontal regions, high GFAP and NfL predicted grey matter loss within hippocampal regions and low Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 predicted grey matter loss in lateral temporal regions. Serum GFAP, NfL and pTau181 increased over time, while Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 decreased only in Aβ-PET-negative elderly. NfL increases associated with declining memory (βNfLchange×Time = -0.030, PFDR = 0.006) and language (βNfLchange×Time = -0.021, PFDR = 0.02) function and serum Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 decreases associated with declining language function (βAβ1-42/Aβ1-40×Time = -0.020, PFDR = 0.04). GFAP increases associated with Aβ accumulation within the precuneus and NfL increases associated with grey matter loss. Baseline and longitudinal serum pTau181 only associated with Aβ accumulation in restricted occipital regions. In head-to-head comparisons, serum outperformed plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 (ΔAUC = 0.10, PDeLong, FDR = 0.04), while both plasma and serum pTau181 demonstrated poor performance to detect asymptomatic Aβ-PET positivity (AUC = 0.55 and 0.63, respectively). However, when measured with a more phospho-specific assay, plasma pTau181 detected Aβ-positivity with high performance (AUC = 0.82, PDeLong, FDR < 0.007). In conclusion, serum GFAP, NfL and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 are valuable prognostic and/or monitoring tools in asymptomatic stages providing complementary information in a time- and pathology-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena R Blujdea
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariska Reinartz
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma S Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Adamczuk
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Luckett ES, Zielonka M, Kordjani A, Schaeverbeke J, Adamczuk K, De Meyer S, Van Laere K, Dupont P, Cleynen I, Vandenberghe R. Longitudinal APOE4- and amyloid-dependent changes in the blood transcriptome in cognitively intact older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:121. [PMID: 37438770 PMCID: PMC10337180 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, both in peripheral blood and post mortem brain. We investigated peripheral whole-blood gene (co)expression to determine molecular changes prior to symptom onset. METHODS RNA was extracted and sequenced for 65 cognitively healthy F-PACK participants (65 (56-80) years, 34 APOE4 non-carriers, 31 APOE4 carriers), at baseline and follow-up (interval: 5.0 (3.4-8.6) years). Participants received amyloid PET at both time points and amyloid rate of change derived. Accumulators were defined with rate of change ≥ 2.19 Centiloids. We performed differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and networks of co-expressed genes, respectively, with respect to traits of interest (APOE4 status, amyloid accumulation (binary/continuous)), and amyloid positivity status, followed by Gene Ontology annotation. RESULTS There were 166 significant differentially expressed genes at follow-up compared to baseline in APOE4 carriers only, whereas 12 significant differentially expressed genes were found only in APOE4 non-carriers, over time. Among the significant genes in APOE4 carriers, several had strong evidence for a pathogenic role in AD based on direct association scores generated from the DISQOVER platform: NGRN, IGF2, GMPR, CLDN5, SMIM24. Top enrichment terms showed upregulated mitochondrial and metabolic pathways, and an exacerbated upregulation of ribosomal pathways in APOE4 carriers compared to non-carriers. Similarly, there were 33 unique significant differentially expressed genes at follow-up compared to baseline in individuals classified as amyloid negative at baseline and positive at follow-up or amyloid positive at both time points and 32 unique significant differentially expressed genes over time in individuals amyloid negative at both time points. Among the significant genes in the first group, the top five with the highest direct association scores were as follows: RPL17-C18orf32, HSP90AA1, MBP, SIRPB1, and GRINA. Top enrichment terms included upregulated metabolism and focal adhesion pathways. Baseline and follow-up gene co-expression networks were separately built. Seventeen baseline co-expression modules were derived, with one significantly negatively associated with amyloid accumulator status (r2 = - 0.25, p = 0.046). This was enriched for proteasomal protein catabolic process and myeloid cell development. Thirty-two follow-up modules were derived, with two significantly associated with APOE4 status: one downregulated (r2 = - 0.27, p = 0.035) and one upregulated (r2 = 0.26, p = 0.039) module. Top enrichment processes for the downregulated module included proteasomal protein catabolic process and myeloid cell homeostasis. Top enrichment processes for the upregulated module included cytoplasmic translation and rRNA processing. CONCLUSIONS We show that there are longitudinal gene expression changes that implicate a disrupted immune system, protein removal, and metabolism in cognitively intact individuals who carry APOE4 or who accumulate in cortical amyloid. This provides insight into the pathophysiology of AD, whilst providing novel targets for drug and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Zielonka
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, VIB-KU Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Amine Kordjani
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Laboratory for Complex Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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Luckett ES, Schaeverbeke J, De Meyer S, Adamczuk K, Van Laere K, Dupont P, Vandenberghe R. Longitudinal changes in 18F-Flutemetamol amyloid load in cognitively intact APOE4 carriers versus noncarriers: Methodological considerations. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103321. [PMID: 36621019 PMCID: PMC9850036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measuring longitudinal changes in amyloid load in the asymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease is of high relevance for clinical research and progress towards more efficacious, timely treatments. Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) has a well-established effect on the rate of amyloid accumulation. Here we investigated which region of interest and which reference region perform best at detecting the effect of APOE4 on longitudinal amyloid load in individuals participating in the Flemish Prevent Alzheimer's Disease Cohort KU Leuven (F-PACK). METHODS Ninety cognitively intact F-PACK participants (baseline age: 68 (52-80) years, 46 males, 42 APOE4 carriers) received structural MRI and 18F-Flutemetamol PET scans at baseline and follow-up (6.2 (3.4-10.9) year interval). Standardised uptake value ratios (SUVRs) and Centiloids (CLs) were calculated in a composite cortical volume of interest (SUVRcomp/CL) and in the precuneus (SUVRprec), and amyloid rate of change derived: (follow-up amyloid load - baseline amyloid load) / time interval (years). Four reference regions were used to derive amyloid load: whole cerebellum, cerebellar grey matter, eroded subcortical white matter, and pons. RESULTS When using whole cerebellum or cerebellar grey matter as reference region, APOE4 carriers had a significantly higher SUVRcomp amyloid rate of change than non-carriers (pcorr = 0.004, t = 3.40 (CI 0.005-0.018); pcorr = 0.036, t = 2.66 (CI 0.003-0.018), respectively). Significance was not observed for eroded subcortical white matter or pons (pcorr = 0.144, t = 2.13 (CI 0.0003-0.008); pcorr = 0.116, t = 2.22 (CI 0.005-0.010), respectively). When using CLs as the amyloid measurement, and whole cerebellum, APOE4 carriers had a higher amyloid rate of change than non-carriers (pcorr = 0.012, t = 3.05 (CI 0.499-2.359)). Significance was not observed for the other reference regions. No significance was observed with any of the reference regions and amyloid rate of change in the precuneus (SUVRprec). CONCLUSION In this cognitively intact cohort, a composite neocortical volume of interest together with whole cerebellum or cerebellar grey matter as reference region are the methods of choice for detecting APOE4-dependent differences in amyloid rate of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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De Meyer S, Vanbrabant J, Luckett ES, Schaeverbeke J, Stoops E, Van Laere K, Dupont P, Vanmechelen E, Poesen K, Vandenberghe R. Predictive value of a plasma p‐tau181‐specific assay for amyloid accumulation in asymptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research (LaMoN), KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Emma S. Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Erik Stoops
- ADx NeuroSciences NV, Technologiepark 94 Ghent 9052 Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research (LaMoN), KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Luckett ES, Abakkouy Y, Reinartz M, Adamczuk K, Schaeverbeke J, Verstockt S, De Meyer S, Van Laere K, Dupont P, Cleynen I, Vandenberghe R. Association of Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk scores with amyloid accumulation in cognitively intact older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:138. [PMID: 36151568 PMCID: PMC9508733 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early detection of individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is highly important. Amyloid accumulation is an early pathological AD event, but the genetic association with known AD risk variants beyond the APOE4 effect is largely unknown. We investigated the association between different AD polygenic risk scores (PRS) and amyloid accumulation in the Flemish Prevent AD Cohort KU Leuven (F-PACK).
Methods
We calculated PRS with and without the APOE region in 90 cognitively healthy F-PACK participants (baseline age 67.8 (52–80) years, 41 APOE4 carriers), with baseline and follow-up amyloid-PET (time interval 6.1 (3.4–10.9) years). Individuals were genotyped using Illumina GSA and imputed. PRS were calculated using three p-value thresholds (pT) for variant inclusion: 5 × 10−8, 1 × 10−5, and 0.1, based on the stage 1 summary statistics from Kunkle et al. (Nat Genet 51:414–30, 2019). Linear regression models determined if these PRS predicted amyloid accumulation.
Results
A score based on PRS excluding the APOE region at pT = 5 × 10−8 plus the weighted sum of the two major APOE variants (rs429358 and rs7412) was significantly associated with amyloid accumulation (p = 0.0126). The two major APOE variants were also significantly associated with amyloid accumulation (p = 0.0496). The other PRS were not significant.
Conclusions
Specific PRS are associated with amyloid accumulation in the asymptomatic phase of AD.
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Reinartz M, Luckett ES, Schaeverbeke J, De Meyer S, Adamczuk K, Thal DR, Van Laere K, Dupont P, Vandenberghe R. Classification of 18F-Flutemetamol scans in cognitively normal older adults using machine learning trained with neuropathology as ground truth. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3772-3786. [PMID: 35522322 PMCID: PMC9399207 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose End-of-life studies have validated the binary visual reads of 18F-labeled amyloid PET tracers as an accurate tool for the presence or absence of increased neuritic amyloid plaque density. In this study, the performance of a support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier will be tested against pathological ground truths and its performance determined in cognitively healthy older adults. Methods We applied SVM with a linear kernel to an 18F-Flutemetamol end-of-life dataset to determine the regions with the highest feature weights in a data-driven manner and to compare between two different pathological ground truths: based on neuritic amyloid plaque density or on amyloid phases, respectively. We also trained and tested classifiers based on the 10% voxels with the highest amplitudes of feature weights for each of the two neuropathological ground truths. Next, we tested the classifiers’ diagnostic performance in the asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) phase, a phase of interest for future drug development, in an independent dataset of cognitively intact older adults, the Flemish Prevent AD Cohort-KU Leuven (F-PACK). A regression analysis was conducted between the Centiloid (CL) value in a composite volume of interest (VOI), as index for amyloid load, and the distance to the hyperplane for each of the two classifiers, based on the two pathological ground truths. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was also performed to determine the CL threshold that optimally discriminates between neuritic amyloid plaque positivity versus negativity, or amyloid phase positivity versus negativity, within F-PACK. Results The classifiers yielded adequate specificity and sensitivity within the end-of-life dataset (neuritic amyloid plaque density classifier: specificity of 90.2% and sensitivity of 83.7%; amyloid phase classifier: specificity of 98.4% and sensitivity of 84.0%). The regions with the highest feature weights corresponded to precuneus, caudate, anteromedial prefrontal, and also posterior inferior temporal and inferior parietal cortex. In the cognitively normal cohort, the correlation coefficient between CL and distance to the hyperplane was −0.66 for the classifier trained with neuritic amyloid plaque density, and −0.88 for the classifier trained with amyloid phases. This difference was significant. The optimal CL cut-off for discriminating positive versus negative scans was CL = 48–51 for the different classifiers (area under the curve (AUC) = 99.9%), except for the classifier trained with amyloid phases and based on the 10% voxels with highest feature weights. There the cut-off was CL = 26 (AUC = 99.5%), which closely matched the CL threshold for discriminating phases 0–2 from 3–5 based on the end-of-life dataset and the neuropathological ground truth. Discussion Among a set of neuropathologically validated classifiers trained with end-of-life cases, transfer to a cognitively normal population works best for a classifier trained with amyloid phases and using only voxels with the highest amplitudes of feature weights. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05808-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Reinartz
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma Susanne Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuropathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium. .,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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De Meyer S, Vanbrabant J, Schaeverbeke JM, Reinartz M, Luckett ES, Dupont P, Van Laere K, Stoops E, Vanmechelen E, Poesen K, Vandenberghe R. Phospho-specific plasma p-tau181 assay detects clinical as well as asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:734-746. [PMID: 35502634 PMCID: PMC9082389 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma phosphorylated-tau-181 (p-tau181) reliably detects clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as asymptomatic amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, but is consistently quantified with assays using antibody AT270, which cross-reacts with p-tau175. This study investigates two novel phospho-specific assays for plasma p-tau181 and p-tau231 in clinical and asymptomatic AD. METHODS Plasma p-tau species were quantified with Simoa in 44 AD patients, 40 spouse controls and an independent cohort of 151 cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly who underwent Aβ-PET. Simoa plasma Aβ42 measurements were available in a CU subset (N = 69). Receiver operating characteristics and Aβ-PET associations were used to evaluate biomarker validity. RESULTS The novel plasma p-tau181 and p-tau231 assays did not show cross-reactivity. Plasma p-tau181 accurately detected clinical AD (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.00) as well as asymptomatic Aβ pathology (AUC = 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.92), while plasma p-tau231 did not (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI 0.63-0.85 and 0.61, 95% CI 0.52-0.71, respectively). Plasma p-tau181, but not p-tau231, detected asymptomatic Aβ pathology more accurately than age, sex and APOE combined (AUC = 0.64). In asymptomatic elderly, correlations between plasma p-tau181 and Aβ pathology were observed throughout the cerebral cortex (ρ = 0.40, p < 0.0001), with focal associations within AD-vulnerable regions, particularly the precuneus. The plasma Aβ42/p-tau181 ratio did not reflect asymptomatic Aβ pathology better than p-tau181 alone. INTERPRETATION The novel plasma p-tau181 assay is an accurate tool to detect clinical as well as asymptomatic AD and provides a phospho-specific alternative to currently employed immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory Medicine DepartmentUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Alzheimer Research CentreLeuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Jolien M. Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Alzheimer Research CentreLeuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Mariska Reinartz
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Alzheimer Research CentreLeuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Emma S. Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Alzheimer Research CentreLeuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Alzheimer Research CentreLeuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Alzheimer Research CentreLeuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Division of Nuclear MedicineUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory Medicine DepartmentUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Alzheimer Research CentreLeuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of NeurosciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Alzheimer Research CentreLeuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Neurology DepartmentUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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8
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Schaeverbeke J, Luckett ES, Gabel S, Reinartz M, De Meyer S, Cleynen I, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C, Bormans G, Serdons K, Van Laere K, Dupont P, Vandenberghe R. Lack of association between bridging integrator 1 (
BIN1
) rs744373 polymorphism and tau‐PET load in cognitively intact older adults. A&D Transl Res & Clin Interv 2022; 8:e12227. [PMID: 35229019 PMCID: PMC8864573 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The bridging integrator 1(BIN1) rs744373 risk polymorphism has been linked to increased [18F]AV1451 signal in non‐demented older adults (ie., mild cognitive impairment [MCI] plus cognitively normal [CN] individuals). However, the association of BIN1 with in vivo tau, amyloid beta (Aβ) burden, and cognitive impairment in the asymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown. Methods The BIN1 effect on [18F]AV1451 binding was evaluated in 59 cognitively normal (CN) participants (39% apolipoprotein E [APOE ε4]) from the Flemish Prevent AD Cohort KU Leuven (F‐PACK), as well as in 66 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) CN participants, using voxelwise and regional statistics. For comparison, 52 MCI patients from ADNI were also studied. Results Forty‐four percent of F‐PACK participants were BIN1 rs744373 risk‐allele carriers, 21% showed high amyloid burden, and 8% had elevated [18F]AV1451 binding. In ADNI, 53% and 50% of CNs and MCIs, respectively, carried the BIN1 rs744373 risk‐allele. Amyloid positivity was present in 23% of CNs and 51% of MCIs, whereas 2% of CNs and 35% of MCIs showed elevated [18F]AV1451 binding. There was no significant effect of BIN1 on voxelwise or regional [18F]AV1451 in F‐PACK or ADNI CNs, or in the pooled CN sample. No significant association between BIN1 and [18F]AV1451 was obtained in ADNI MCI patients. However, in the MCI group, numerically higher [18F]AV1451 binding was observed in the BIN1 risk‐allele group compared to the BIN1 normal group in regions corresponding to more progressed tau pathology. Discussion We could not confirm the association between BIN1 rs744373 risk‐allele and elevated [18F]AV1451 signal in CN older adults or MCI. Numerically higher [18F]AV1451 binding was observed, however, in the MCI BIN1 risk‐allele group, indicating that the previously reported positive effect may be confounded by group. Therefore, when studying how the BIN1 risk polymorphism influences AD pathogenesis, a distinction should be made between asymptomatic, MCI, and dementia stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Emma S Luckett
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Mariska Reinartz
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Steffi De Meyer
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Kristel Sleegers
- VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Kim Serdons
- Division of Nuclear Medicine UZ Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine UZ Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Neurology UZ Leuven Leuven Belgium
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9
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Reinartz M, Gabel S, Schaeverbeke J, Meersmans K, Adamczuk K, Luckett ES, De Meyer S, Van Laere K, Sunaert S, Dupont P, Vandenberghe R. Changes in the language system as amyloid-β accumulates. Brain 2021; 144:3756-3768. [PMID: 34534284 PMCID: PMC8719839 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Language dysfunction is common in Alzheimer's disease. There is increasing interest in the preclinical or asymptomatic phase of Alzheimer's disease. Here we examined in 35 cognitively intact older adults (age range 52-78 years at baseline, 17 male) in a longitudinal study design the association between accumulation of amyloid over a 5-6-year period, measured using PET, and functional changes in the language network measured over the same time period using task-related functional MRI. In the same participants, we also determined the association between the longitudinal functional MRI changes and a cross-sectional measure of tau load as measured with 18F-AV1451 PET. As predicted, the principal change occurred in posterior temporal cortex. In the cortex surrounding the right superior temporal sulcus, the response amplitude during the associative-semantic versus visuo-perceptual task increased over time as amyloid load accumulated (Pcorrected = 0.008). In a whole-brain voxel-wise analysis, amyloid accumulation was also associated with a decrease in response amplitude in the left inferior frontal sulcus (Pcorrected = 0.009) and the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (Pcorrected = 0.005). In cognitively intact older adults, cross-sectional tau load was not associated with longitudinal changes in functional MRI response amplitude. Our findings confirm the central role of the neocortex surrounding the posterior superior temporal sulcus as the area of predilection within the language network in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid accumulation has an impact on cognitive brain circuitry in the asymptomatic phase of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Reinartz
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Emma Susanne Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Schaeverbeke JM, Gabel S, Meersmans K, Luckett ES, De Meyer S, Adamczuk K, Nelissen N, Goovaerts V, Radwan A, Sunaert S, Dupont P, Van Laere K, Vandenberghe R. Baseline cognition is the best predictor of 4-year cognitive change in cognitively intact older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:75. [PMID: 33827690 PMCID: PMC8028179 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined in cognitively intact older adults the relative weight of cognitive, genetic, structural and amyloid brain imaging variables for predicting cognitive change over a 4-year time course. METHODS One hundred-eighty community-recruited cognitively intact older adults (mean age 68 years, range 52-80 years, 81 women) belonging to the Flemish Prevent Alzheimer's Disease Cohort KU Leuven (F-PACK) longitudinal observational cohort underwent a baseline evaluation consisting of detailed cognitive assessment, structural MRI and 18F-flutemetamol PET. At inclusion, subjects were stratified based on Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphism according to a factorial design. At inclusion, 15% were amyloid-PET positive (Centiloid >23.4). All subjects underwent 2-yearly follow-up of cognitive performance for a 4-year time period. Baseline cognitive scores were analysed using factor analysis. The slope of cognitive change over time was modelled using latent growth curve analysis. Using correlation analysis, hierarchical regression and mediation analysis, we examined the effect of demographic (age, sex, education) and genetic variables, baseline cognition, MRI volumetric (both voxelwise and region-based) as well as amyloid imaging measures on the longitudinal slope of cognitive change. RESULTS A base model of age and sex explained 18.5% of variance in episodic memory decline. This increased to 41.6% by adding baseline episodic memory scores. Adding amyloid load or volumetric measures explained only a negligible additional amount of variance (increase to 42.2%). A mediation analysis indicated that the effect of age on episodic memory scores was partly direct and partly mediated via hippocampal volume. Amyloid load did not play a significant role as mediator between age, hippocampal volume and episodic memory decline. CONCLUSION In cognitively intact older adults, the strongest baseline predictor of subsequent episodic memory decline was the baseline episodic memory score. When this score was included, only very limited explanatory power was added by brain volume or amyloid load measures. The data warn against classifications that are purely biomarker-based and highlight the value of baseline cognitive performance levels in predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien M Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma S Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Adamczuk
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Nelissen
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Goovaerts
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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11
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De Meyer S, Schaeverbeke JM, Verberk IMW, Gille B, De Schaepdryver M, Luckett ES, Gabel S, Bruffaerts R, Mauroo K, Thijssen EH, Stoops E, Vanderstichele HM, Teunissen CE, Vandenberghe R, Poesen K. Comparison of ELISA- and SIMOA-based quantification of plasma Aβ ratios for early detection of cerebral amyloidosis. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:162. [PMID: 33278904 PMCID: PMC7719262 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-based amyloid biomarkers may provide a non-invasive, cost-effective and scalable manner for detecting cerebral amyloidosis in early disease stages. METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, we quantified plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratios with both routinely available ELISAs and novel SIMOA Amyblood assays, and provided a head-to-head comparison of their performances to detect cerebral amyloidosis in a nondemented elderly cohort (n = 199). Participants were stratified according to amyloid-PET status, and the performance of plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 to detect cerebral amyloidosis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. We additionally investigated the correlations of plasma Aβ ratios with amyloid-PET and CSF Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, as well as platform agreement using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis for both Aβ isoforms. RESULTS ELISA and SIMOA plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 detected cerebral amyloidosis with identical accuracy (ELISA: area under curve (AUC) 0.78, 95% CI 0.72-0.84; SIMOA: AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.85), and both increased the performance of a basic demographic model including only age and APOE-ε4 genotype (p ≤ 0.02). ELISA and SIMOA had positive predictive values of respectively 41% and 36% in cognitively normal elderly and negative predictive values all exceeding 88%. Plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 correlated similarly with amyloid-PET for both platforms (Spearman ρ = - 0.32, p < 0.0001), yet correlations with CSF Aβ1-42/t-tau were stronger for ELISA (ρ = 0.41, p = 0.002) than for SIMOA (ρ = 0.29, p = 0.03). Plasma Aβ levels demonstrated poor agreement between ELISA and SIMOA with concentrations of both Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 measured by SIMOA consistently underestimating those measured by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS ELISA and SIMOA demonstrated equivalent performances in detecting cerebral amyloidosis through plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, both with high negative predictive values, making them equally suitable non-invasive prescreening tools for clinical trials by reducing the number of necessary PET scans for clinical trial recruitment. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2009-014475-45 (registered on 23 Sept 2009) and EudraCT 2013-004671-12 (registered on 20 May 2014, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2013-004671-12/BE ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, box 7003, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien M Schaeverbeke
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Gille
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, box 7003, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxim De Schaepdryver
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, box 7003, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma S Luckett
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rose Bruffaerts
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Elisabeth H Thijssen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, box 7003, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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De Meyer S, Schaeverbeke J, Gille B, Verberk IM, Luckett ES, Thijssen EH, Gabel S, Mauroo K, Bruffaerts R, Stoops E, Vanderstichele HM, Teunissen CE, Vandenberghe R, Poesen K. Comparison of two analytical platforms for blood‐based surrogate biomarkers of amyloid pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.045110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research (LaMoN), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory Medicine UZ Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
| | - Benjamin Gille
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research (LaMoN) Leuven Belgium
| | - Inge M.W. Verberk
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Netherlands
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Emma Susanne Luckett
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
| | - Elisabeth H. Thijssen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Netherlands
- UCSF Memory and Aging Center San Francisco CA USA
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Rose Bruffaerts
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Neurology Department University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg) Leuven Belgium
| | | | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
- Neurology Department University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg) Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research (LaMoN), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Laboratory Medicine UZ Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Centre KU Leuven Leuven Brain Institute Leuven Belgium
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13
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De Schaepdryver M, Goossens J, De Meyer S, Jeromin A, Masrori P, Brix B, Claeys KG, Schaeverbeke J, Adamczuk K, Vandenberghe R, Van Damme P, Poesen K. Serum neurofilament heavy chains as early marker of motor neuron degeneration. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1971-1979. [PMID: 31518073 PMCID: PMC6801162 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH) levels are elevated before patients were diagnosed with sporadic or familial ALS, and what the prognostic value of these prediagnostic pNfH levels is. Methods pNfH was measured via ELISA in leftovers of serum drawn for routine purposes before the time of diagnosis. These prediagnostic samples were retrieved from the biobank of the University Hospitals Leuven for 95 patients who in follow‐up received a diagnosis of ALS. Additionally, 35 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 85 healthy controls (HC) were included in this retrospective study. Results The median disease duration (range) from onset to prediagnostic sampling and from onset to diagnosis was 6.5 (−71.9–36.1) and 9.9 (2.0–40.7) months, respectively. Fifty‐eight percent of the prediagnostic samples had serum pNfH levels above the 95th percentile of pNfH levels measured in HC. Serum pNfH levels (median (range)) were elevated up to 18 months before the diagnosis of ALS (91 pg/mL (6–342 pg/mL)) in comparison with HC (30 pg/mL (6–146 pg/mL); P = 0.05), and increased during the prediagnostic stage, which was not observed in patients with MCI. Furthermore, prediagnostic pNfH levels were a univariate predictor of survival in ALS (hazard ratio (95% CI): 2.16 (1.20–3.87); P = 0.01). Interpretation Our findings demonstrate that serum pNfH is elevated well before the time of diagnosis in mainly sporadic ALS patients. These results encourage to prospectively explore if pNfH has an added value to shorten the diagnostic delay in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim De Schaepdryver
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janne Goossens
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffi De Meyer
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pegah Masrori
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kristl G Claeys
- Laboratory for Muscle diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Adamczuk
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Poesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Meyer SD, Yap SH. "Receptor-ligand" based new strategy for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1998; 61:234. [PMID: 9658617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Meyer
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Edmands SD, Hughs KS, Lee SY, Meyer SD, Saari E, Yancey PH. Time-dependent aspects of osmolyte changes in rat kidney, urine, blood and lens with sorbinil and galactose feeding. Kidney Int 1995; 48:344-53. [PMID: 7564101 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1995.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sorbitol plus myo-inositol, betaine and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) are cellular osmolytes in the mammalian renal medulla. Galactosemia and hyperglycemia can cause excessive levels of galactitol or sorbitol in several organs via aldose reductase (AR) catalysis. AR inhibitors can reduce these polyols. To examine osmolyte responses to polyol perturbations, male Wistar rats were fed normal diet, the AR inhibitor sorbinil (at 40 mg/kg/d), 25% galactose, or a combination, for 10, 21 and 42 days. All animals at 21 days had higher apparent renal AR activity than at 10 or 42 days, possibly providing resistance to sorbinil. Sorbinil feeding alone tended to increase urinary, plasma and renal urea levels. It reduced AR activity and sorbitol contents in renal inner medulla, though less so at 21 days; other renal osmolytes, especially betaine, were elevated. Galactose feeding caused little change in renal AR activity, and resulted in high galactose and galactitol contents in renal medulla, urine, blood and lens (and higher renal Na+ contents at 10 days). Renal sorbitol, inositol and GPC decreased, while betaine contents trended higher at all times. Sorbinilgalactose feeding reduced renal AR activities and galactitol contents (again less so at 21 days), urine, blood and lens galactitol, and further reduced renal sorbitol contents. At 10 and 21 days it tended to raise renal betaine more, and restore inositol (but not GPC) contents to control levels. At 42 days it reduced renal and urinary Na+ and galactose, and decreased renal betaine to control levels. Under most conditions, total renal (non-urea) organic osmolyte contents (presumed to be mostly intracellular) and Na+ plus galactose contents (presumed mostly extracellular) changed together such that cell volumes may have been maintained. The exception was 10 days on galactose, where total osmolytes appeared too low. In galactose-fed animals, urine/plasma ratios suggest some renal galactitol efflux, and cellular galactitol probably helps maintain osmotic balance rather than cause swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Edmands
- Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, USA
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Egan CL, Wilson LL, Drake TR, Henning WR, Mills EW, Meyer SD, Kenison DC. Effects of different doses of zeranol on growth, hemoglobin, and carcass traits in veal calves. J Anim Sci 1993; 71:1081-7. [PMID: 8505237 DOI: 10.2527/1993.7151081x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of different doses of zeranol on ADG, hemoglobin (Hb), feed efficiency (FE), and carcass traits were evaluated in special-fed veal calves in two trials. On d 0, calves were implanted subcutaneously in the middle third of the ear with either 0 (control, placebo pellet), 12, 24, 36, or 48 mg of zeranol. Trial 1 was conducted from February through May 1990 with 120 Holstein bull calves (17 to 21 d of age on d 0) and Trial 2 was conducted from May through August 1991 with 100 Holstein bull calves (24 to 28 d of age d 0). Calves were fed on an individual calf basis. Calves in Trial 1 that were implanted with 48 mg of zeranol had improved FE (P < .05) and ADG (P < .05) during Period 1 (0 to 43 d). No significant differences in ADG or FE were observed among treatments in Trial 2. Hemoglobin levels at slaughter averaged 7.88 +/- .096 and 8.19 +/- .149 g/dL over all treatments for Trials 1 and 2, respectively. The only postslaughter trait affected by zeranol dose was testicular weight. In both trials, testicular weight at slaughter decreased (P < .05) with increasing doses of zeranol. Dressing percentage tended to be higher for 48-mg implants than for controls but the difference was not significant. There were no significant zeranol dose effects on longissimus muscle area, flank color, carcass conformation, or percentage of fore- vs hind-quarter weight. These results indicated that higher doses of zeranol improved ADG and FE during the first 6 wk after the trial period (to 8 wk of age), decreased testicular weight, and increased hide-on carcass dressing percentage for calves implanted with 48 mg of zeranol compared with those that received 0 mg of zeranol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Egan
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park 16802-3503
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Ham
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309
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Abstract
A single heat transfer measurement technique was used to determine the thermal insulating capabilities of four materials used in outdoor clothing-goose down, wool, polyester, and polyolefin. It was found that all provide very similar degrees of insulation.
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