1
|
Yongabi D, Khorshid M, Losada‐Pérez P, Bakhshi Sichani S, Jooken S, Stilman W, Theßeling F, Martens T, Van Thillo T, Verstrepen K, Dedecker P, Vanden Berghe P, Lettinga MP, Bartic C, Lieberzeit P, Schöning MJ, Thoelen R, Fransen M, Wübbenhorst M, Wagner P. Synchronized, Spontaneous, and Oscillatory Detachment of Eukaryotic Cells: A New Tool for Cell Characterization and Identification. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200459. [PMID: 35780480 PMCID: PMC9403630 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of cell characterization and identification for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, developing fast and label-free methods without (bio)-chemical markers or surface-engineered receptors remains challenging. Here, we exploit the natural cellular response to mild thermal stimuli and propose a label- and receptor-free method for fast and facile cell characterization. Cell suspensions in a dedicated sensor are exposed to a temperature gradient, which stimulates synchronized and spontaneous cell-detachment with sharply defined time-patterns, a phenomenon unknown from literature. These patterns depend on metabolic activity (controlled through temperature, nutrients, and drugs) and provide a library of cell-type-specific indicators, allowing to distinguish several yeast strains as well as cancer cells. Under specific conditions, synchronized glycolytic-type oscillations are observed during detachment of mammalian and yeast-cell ensembles, providing additional cell-specific signatures. These findings suggest potential applications for cell viability analysis and for assessing the collective response of cancer cells to drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derick Yongabi
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Mehran Khorshid
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Patricia Losada‐Pérez
- Faculté des SciencesExperimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST)Université Libre de BruxellesBoulevard du Triomphe ACC.2BrusselsB‐1050Belgium
| | - Soroush Bakhshi Sichani
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Stijn Jooken
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Wouter Stilman
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Florian Theßeling
- Laboratory for Systems BiologyVIB Center for MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenGaston Geenslaan 1HeverleeB‐3001Belgium
| | - Tobie Martens
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS)Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and AgeingKU LeuvenHerestraat 49LeuvenB‐3000Belgium
| | - Toon Van Thillo
- BiochemistryMolecular and Structural BiologyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 GLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Kevin Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems BiologyVIB Center for MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenGaston Geenslaan 1HeverleeB‐3001Belgium
| | - Peter Dedecker
- BiochemistryMolecular and Structural BiologyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 GLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS)Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and AgeingKU LeuvenHerestraat 49LeuvenB‐3000Belgium
| | - Minne Paul Lettinga
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes (IBI‐4)Research Center Jülich GmbHLeo‐Brandt‐StraßeD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Peter Lieberzeit
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Physical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer, Straße 38ViennaA‐1090Austria
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano‐ and Biotechnologies INBAachen University of Applied SciencesHeinrich‐Mußmann‐Straße 1D‐52428JülichGermany
| | - Ronald Thoelen
- Institute for Materials ResearchHasselt UniversityWetenschapspark 1DiepenbeekB‐3590Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular CommunicationDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenHerestraat 49LeuvenB‐3000Belgium
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Coene Y, Jooken S, Deschaume O, Van Steenbergen V, Vanden Berghe P, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V, Callewaert G, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Verbiest T, Bartic C, Clays K. Label-Free Imaging of Membrane Potentials by Intramembrane Field Modulation, Assessed by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Small 2022; 18:e2200205. [PMID: 35355419 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical interrogation of cellular electrical activity has proven itself essential for understanding cellular function and communication in complex networks. Voltage-sensitive dyes are important tools for assessing excitability but these highly lipophilic sensors may affect cellular function. Label-free techniques offer a major advantage as they eliminate the need for these external probes. In this work, it is shown that endogenous second-harmonic generation (SHG) from live cells is highly sensitive to changes in transmembrane potential (TMP). Simultaneous electrophysiological control of a living human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cell, through a whole-cell voltage-clamp reveals a linear relation between the SHG intensity and membrane voltage. The results suggest that due to the high ionic strengths and fast optical response of biofluids, membrane hydration is not the main contributor to the observed field sensitivity. A conceptual framework is further provided that indicates that the SHG voltage sensitivity reflects the electric field within the biological asymmetric lipid bilayer owing to a nonzero χeff(2) tensor. Changing the TMP without surface modifications such as electrolyte screening offers high optical sensitivity to membrane voltage (≈40% per 100 mV), indicating the power of SHG for label-free read-out. These results hold promise for the design of a non-invasive label-free read-out tool for electrogenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yovan de Coene
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Stijn Jooken
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Valérie Van Steenbergen
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TAGRID, Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and Ageing, Ku Leuven, ON I Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TAGRID, Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and Ageing, Ku Leuven, ON I Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Chris Van den Haute
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Ku Leuven, RK-Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Ku Leuven, RK-Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Geert Callewaert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ku Leuven, KULAK Kortrijk Campus, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, Kortrijk, 8500, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhong K, Yu W, de Coene Y, Yamada A, Krylychkina O, Jooken S, Deschaume O, Bartic C, Clays K. Dual photonic bandgap hollow sphere colloidal photonic crystals for real-time fluorescence enhancement in living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113577. [PMID: 34481238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the problems of refractive index matching and increased disorder when working with traditional heterostructure colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) with dual or multiple photonic bandgaps (PBGs) for fluorescence enhancement in water, we propose the use of a chemical heterostructure in hollow sphere CPCs (HSCPCs). A partial chemical modification of the HSCPC creates a large contrast in wettability to induce the heterostructure, while the hollow spheres increase the refractive index difference when used in aqueous environment. With the platform, fluorescence enhancement reaches around 160 times in solution, and 72 times (signal-to-background ratio ~7 times) in cells during proof-of-concept live cardiomyocyte contractility experiments. Such photonic platform can be further exploited for chemical sensing, bioassays, and environmental monitoring. Moreover, the introduction of chemical heterostructures provides new design principles for functionalized photonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhong
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wei Yu
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yovan de Coene
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | | | - Stijn Jooken
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yongabi D, Jooken S, Givanoudi S, Khorshid M, Deschaume O, Bartic C, Losada-Pérez P, Wübbenhorst M, Wagner P. Ionic strength controls long-term cell-surface interactions - A QCM-D study of S. cerevisiae adhesion, retention and detachment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 585:583-595. [PMID: 33127054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding microbial adhesion and retention is crucial for controlling many processes, including biofilm formation, antimicrobial therapy as well as cell sorting and cell detection platforms. Cell detachment is inextricably linked to cell adhesion and retention and plays an important part in the mechanisms involved in these processes. Physico-chemical and biological forces play a crucial role in microbial adhesion interactions and altering the medium ionic strength offers a potential means for modulating these interactions. Real-time studies on the effect of ionic strength on microbial adhesion are often limited to short-term bacterial adhesion. Therefore, there is a need, not only for long-term bacterial adhesion studies, but also for similar studies focusing on eukaryotic microbes, such as yeast. Hereby, we monitored, in real-time, S. cerevisiae adhesion on gold and silica as examples of surfaces with different surface charge properties to disclose long-term adhesion, retention and detachment as a function of ionic strength using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Our results show that short- and long-term cell adhesion levels in terms of mass-loading increase with increasing ionic strength, while cells dispersed in a medium of higher ionic strength experience longer retention and detachment times. The positive correlation between the cell zeta potential and ionic strength suggests that zeta potential plays a role on cell retention and detachment. These trends are similar for measurements on silica and gold, with shorter retention and detachment times for silica due to strong short-range repulsions originating from a high electron-donicity. Furthermore, the results are comparable with measurements in standard yeast culture medium, implying that the overall effect of ionic strength applies for cells in nutrient-rich and nutrient-deficient media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derick Yongabi
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stijn Jooken
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stella Givanoudi
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehran Khorshid
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patricia Losada-Pérez
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics Group, Campus La Plaine, CP223, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Wagner
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garcia-Abrego C, Zaunz S, Toprakhisar B, Subramani R, Deschaume O, Jooken S, Bajaj M, Ramon H, Verfaillie C, Bartic C, Patterson J. Towards Mimicking the Fetal Liver Niche: The Influence of Elasticity and Oxygen Tension on Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Cultured in 3D Fibrin Hydrogels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176367. [PMID: 32887387 PMCID: PMC7504340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for the generation of blood cells throughout life. It is believed that, in addition to soluble cytokines and niche cells, biophysical cues like elasticity and oxygen tension are responsible for the orchestration of stem cell fate. Although several studies have examined the effects of bone marrow (BM) niche elasticity on HSPC behavior, no study has yet investigated the effects of the elasticity of other niche sites like the fetal liver (FL), where HSPCs expand more extensively. In this study, we evaluated the effect of matrix stiffness values similar to those of the FL on BM-derived HSPC expansion. We first characterized the elastic modulus of murine FL tissue at embryonic day E14.5. Fibrin hydrogels with similar stiffness values as the FL (soft hydrogels) were compared with stiffer fibrin hydrogels (hard hydrogels) and with suspension culture. We evaluated the expansion of total nucleated cells (TNCs), Lin−/cKit+ cells, HSPCs (Lin−/Sca+/cKit+ (LSK) cells), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs: LSK- Signaling Lymphocyte Activated Molecule (LSK-SLAM) cells) when cultured in 5% O2 (hypoxia) or in normoxia. After 10 days, there was a significant expansion of TNCs and LSK cells in all culture conditions at both levels of oxygen tension. LSK cells expanded more in suspension culture than in both fibrin hydrogels, whereas TNCs expanded more in suspension culture and in soft hydrogels than in hard hydrogels, particularly in normoxia. The number of LSK-SLAM cells was maintained in suspension culture and in the soft hydrogels but not in the hard hydrogels. Our results indicate that both suspension culture and fibrin hydrogels allow for the expansion of HSPCs and more differentiated progeny whereas stiff environments may compromise LSK-SLAM cell expansion. This suggests that further research using softer hydrogels with stiffness values closer to the FL niche is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Garcia-Abrego
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.-A.); (B.T.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (O.D.); (S.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Samantha Zaunz
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.Z.); (M.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Burak Toprakhisar
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.-A.); (B.T.)
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.Z.); (M.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Ramesh Subramani
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.S.); (H.R.)
- Department of Food Processing Technology and Management, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore 641004, India
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (O.D.); (S.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Stijn Jooken
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (O.D.); (S.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Manmohan Bajaj
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.Z.); (M.B.); (C.V.)
| | - Herman Ramon
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (R.S.); (H.R.)
| | | | - Carmen Bartic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (O.D.); (S.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Jennifer Patterson
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.-A.); (B.T.)
- IMDEA Materials Institute, 28906 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu W, Li Y, Jooken S, Deschaume O, Liu F, Wang S, Bartic C. Second-order optimized regularized structured illumination microscopy (sorSIM) for high-quality and rapid super resolution image reconstruction with low signal level. Opt Express 2020; 28:16708-16724. [PMID: 32549487 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a widely used super resolution imaging technique that can down-modulate a sample's high-frequency information into objective recordable frequencies to enhance the resolution below the diffraction limit. However, classical SIM image reconstruction methods often generate poor results under low illumination conditions, which are required for reducing photobleaching and phototoxicity in cell imaging experiments. Although denoising methods or auxiliary items improved SIM image reconstruction in low signal level situations, they still suffer from decreased reconstruction quality and significant background artifacts, inevitably limiting their practical applications. In order to improve the reconstruction quality, second-order optimized regularized SIM (sorSIM) is designed specifically for image reconstruction in low signal level situations. In sorSIM, a second-order regularization term is introduced to suppress noise effect, and the penalty factor in this term is selected to optimize the resolution enhancement and noise resistance. Compared to classical SIM image reconstruction algorithms as well as to those previously used in low illumination cases, the proposed sorSIM provides images with enhanced resolution and fewer background artifacts. Therefore, sorSIM can be a potential tool for high-quality and rapid super resolution imaging, especially for low signal images.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yongabi D, Khorshid M, Gennaro A, Jooken S, Duwé S, Deschaume O, Losada-Pérez P, Dedecker P, Bartic C, Wübbenhorst M, Wagner P. QCM-D Study of Time-Resolved Cell Adhesion and Detachment: Effect of Surface Free Energy on Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:18258-18272. [PMID: 32223273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-material interactions are crucial for many biomedical applications, including medical implants, tissue engineering, and biosensors. For implants, while the adhesion of eukaryotic host cells is desirable, bacterial adhesion often leads to infections. Surface free energy (SFE) is an important parameter that controls short- and long-term eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell adhesion. Understanding its effect at a fundamental level is essential for designing materials that minimize bacterial adhesion. Most cell adhesion studies for implants have focused on correlating surface wettability with mammalian cell adhesion and are restricted to short-term time scales. In this work, we used quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and electrical impedance analysis to characterize the adhesion and detachment of S. cerevisiae and E. coli, serving as model eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells within extended time scales. Measurements were performed on surfaces displaying different surface energies (Au, SiO2, and silanized SiO2). Our results demonstrate that tuning the surface free energy of materials is a useful strategy for selectively promoting eukaryotic cell adhesion and preventing bacterial adhesion. Specifically, we show that under flow and steady-state conditions and within time scales up to ∼10 h, a high SFE, especially its polar component, enhances S. cerevisiae adhesion and hinders E. coli adhesion. In the long term, however, both cells tend to detach, but less detachment occurs on surfaces with a high dispersive SFE contribution. The conclusions on S. cerevisiae are also valid for a second eukaryotic cell type, being the human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells on which we performed the same analysis for comparison. Furthermore, each cell adhesion phase is associated with unique cytoskeletal viscoelastic states, which are cell-type-specific and surface free energy-dependent and provide insights into the underlying adhesion mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derick Yongabi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehran Khorshid
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessia Gennaro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Jooken
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Duwé
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanobiology, KU Leuven, Celestinenlaan 200 G, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patricia Losada-Pérez
- Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus La Plaine, CP223, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Dedecker
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanobiology, KU Leuven, Celestinenlaan 200 G, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|