1
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Zhang P, Fleming P, Andoniou CE, Waltner OG, Bhise SS, Martins JP, McEnroe BA, Voigt V, Daly S, Kuns RD, Ekwe AP, Henden AS, Saldan A, Olver S, Varelias A, Smith C, Schmidt CR, Ensbey KS, Legg SR, Sekiguchi T, Minnie SA, Gradwell M, Wagenaar I, Clouston AD, Koyama M, Furlan SN, Kennedy GA, Ward ES, Degli-Esposti MA, Hill GR, Tey SK. IL-6-mediated endothelial injury impairs antiviral humoral immunity after bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e174184. [PMID: 38557487 PMCID: PMC10977988 DOI: 10.1172/jci174184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function and integrity are compromised after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), but how this affects immune responses broadly remains unknown. Using a preclinical model of CMV reactivation after BMT, we found compromised antiviral humoral responses induced by IL-6 signaling. IL-6 signaling in T cells maintained Th1 cells, resulting in sustained IFN-γ secretion, which promoted endothelial cell (EC) injury, loss of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) responsible for IgG recycling, and rapid IgG loss. T cell-specific deletion of IL-6R led to persistence of recipient-derived, CMV-specific IgG and inhibited CMV reactivation. Deletion of IFN-γ in donor T cells also eliminated EC injury and FcRn loss. In a phase III clinical trial, blockade of IL-6R with tocilizumab promoted CMV-specific IgG persistence and significantly attenuated early HCMV reactivation. In sum, IL-6 invoked IFN-γ-dependent EC injury and consequent IgG loss, leading to CMV reactivation. Hence, cytokine inhibition represents a logical strategy to prevent endothelial injury, thereby preserving humoral immunity after immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Fleming
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher E. Andoniou
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Olivia G. Waltner
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shruti S. Bhise
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jose Paulo Martins
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Valentina Voigt
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sheridan Daly
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rachel D. Kuns
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adaeze P. Ekwe
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea S. Henden
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alda Saldan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Olver
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corey Smith
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christine R. Schmidt
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen S. Ensbey
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samuel R.W. Legg
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomoko Sekiguchi
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simone A. Minnie
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark Gradwell
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Irma Wagenaar
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Motoko Koyama
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott N. Furlan
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Glen A. Kennedy
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - E Sally Ward
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mariapia A. Degli-Esposti
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siok-Keen Tey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Engel JA, Lee HJ, Williams CG, Kuns R, Olver S, Lansink LI, Soon MS, Andersen SB, Powell JE, Svensson V, Teichmann SA, Hill GR, Varelias A, Koyama M, Haque A. Single-cell transcriptomics of alloreactive CD4+ T cells over time reveals divergent fates during gut graft-versus-host disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137990. [PMID: 32484791 PMCID: PMC7406307 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute gastrointestinal (GI) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a primary determinant of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). The condition is mediated by alloreactive donor CD4+ T cells that differentiate into pathogenic subsets expressing IFN-γ, IL-17A, or GM-CSF and is regulated by subsets expressing IL-10 and/or Foxp3. Developmental relationships between Th cell states during priming in mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) and effector function in the GI tract remain undefined at genome scale. We applied scRNA-Seq and computational modeling to a mouse model of donor DC-mediated GVHD exacerbation, creating an atlas of putative CD4+ T cell differentiation pathways in vivo. Computational trajectory inference suggested emergence of pathogenic and regulatory states along a single developmental trajectory in mLNs. Importantly, we inferred an unexpected second trajectory, categorized by little proliferation or cytokine expression, reduced glycolysis, and high tcf7 expression. TCF1hi cells upregulated α4β7 before gut migration and failed to express cytokines. These cells exhibited recall potential and plasticity following secondary transplantation, including cytokine or Foxp3 expression, but reduced T cell factor 1 (TCF1). Thus, scRNA-Seq suggested divergence of alloreactive CD4+ T cells into quiescent and effector states during gut GVHD exacerbation by donor DC, reflecting putative heterogeneous priming in vivo. These findings, which are potentially the first at a single-cell level during GVHD over time, may assist in examination of T cell differentiation in patients undergoing alloSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Engel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron G. Williams
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Kuns
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Olver
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lianne I.M. Lansink
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan S.F. Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stacey B. Andersen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Motoko Koyama
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ashraful Haque
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, located at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Varelias A, Bunting M, Ormerod K, Koyama M, Olver S, Straube J, Kuns R, Robb R, Henden A, Cooper L, Lachner N, Gartlan K, Lantz OJ, Kjer-Nielsen L, Mak J, Fairlie D, Clouston A, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Lane S, Hugenholtz P, Hill G. Recipient mucosal-associated invariant T cells control graft-versus-host-disease within the colon. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.55.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique innate-like T-cell subset that responds to a wide array of bacteria and yeast through recognition of riboflavin metabolites presented by the MHC I-like molecule, MR1. Here we demonstrate using MR1 tetramers that recipient MAIT cells are present in small but definable numbers in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) target organs and protect from acute GVHD in the colon following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Consistent with their preferential juxtaposition to microbial signals in the colon, recipient MAIT cells generate large amounts of IL-17A, promote gastrointestinal tract integrity, and limit the donor alloantigen presentation that in turn drives donor Th1 and Th17 expansion specifically in the colon after BMT. Allogeneic BMT recipients deficient in IL-17A also develop accelerated GVHD, suggesting MAIT cells regulate GVHD, at least in part, by the generation of this cytokine. Indeed, analysis of stool microbiota and colon tissue from IL-17A−/− and MR1−/− mice identified analogous shifts in microbiome operational taxonomic units (OTU) and mediators of barrier integrity which represent pathways controlled by similar, IL-17A-dependent mechanisms. Thus, MAIT cells act to control intestinal microbiota and barrier function to attenuate pathogenic T-cell responses in the colon, and given their very high frequency in humans, likely represent an important population in clinical BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kate Ormerod
- 2Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Renee Robb
- 1QIMR Berghofer Med. Res. Inst., Australia
| | - Andrea Henden
- 1QIMR Berghofer Med. Res. Inst., Australia
- 3The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Australia
| | | | - Nancy Lachner
- 2Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Mak
- 6Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - David Fairlie
- 6Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Steven Lane
- 1QIMR Berghofer Med. Res. Inst., Australia
- 3The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Australia
| | - Phil Hugenholtz
- 2Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoff Hill
- 1QIMR Berghofer Med. Res. Inst., Australia
- 3The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Australia
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4
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Cheong M, Gartlan K, Tey SK, Kuns R, Lor M, Lineburg K, Teal B, Shi W, Raju J, Zhang P, Varelias A, Leveque-El Mouttie L, Olver S, Bunting M, Lane S, Boyle G, Ting J, Schroder K, Engwerda C, Khanna KK, Smyth M, MacDonald K, Koyama M, Hill G. The adaptor protein ASC controls transplantation outcomes independently of the inflammasome (TRAN1P.951). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.140.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The adaptor protein ASC is known to facilitate caspase-1 activation essential for innate host immunity via the formation of the inflammasome complex - a multi-protein structure responsible for processing IL-1b and IL-18 to their active moieties. Here we report for the first time, a unique inflammasome-independent role for ASC in the control of transplant outcome following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We demonstrate that ASC-deficient donor CD8+ T cells fail to induce GVHD lethality due to an inability to differentiate into fully cytolytic effectors after BMT, with a developmental bias instead towards CD127+KLRG1- memory CD8+ T cells. Despite this, graft-versus-leukaemia effects against BCR-ABL NUP98/HOXA9 primary leukemia remained largely intact. This phenomenon was inflammasome independent, since GVHD lethality and T cell differentiation were not altered in recipients of caspase-1-deficient T cells. We also confirmed a reduced capacity for human T cells in which ASC was knocked down by shRNA to induce xenogeneic GVHD. In a model of bone marrow rejection, ASC expression in recipient CD8+ T cells profoundly impaired graft rejection and was permissive of robust engraftment across MHC barriers and long term survival. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an inflammasome-independent role for ASC in controlling GVHD and graft rejection. Thus, the inhibition of ASC in the clinic represents an important new therapeutic target to manipulate transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Cheong
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- 3School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Gartlan
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Siok-Keen Tey
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- 5The Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel Kuns
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Mary Lor
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Katie Lineburg
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Bianca Teal
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Jyothy Raju
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | | | | | - Stuart Olver
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Mark Bunting
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Steven Lane
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- 5The Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Glen Boyle
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Jenny Ting
- 2University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kate Schroder
- 4Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Kum Kum Khanna
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Mark Smyth
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Kelli MacDonald
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Motoko Koyama
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Hill
- 1QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- 5The Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Guillerey C, Chow MT, Miles K, Olver S, Sceneay J, Takeda K, Möller A, Smyth MJ. Toll-like receptor 3 regulates NK cell responses to cytokines and controls experimental metastasis. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1027468. [PMID: 26405596 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1027468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist poly(I:C) is a promising adjuvant for cancer vaccines due to its induction of potent antitumor responses occurring primarily through the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells. However, little is known about the role of TLR3 sensing of endogenous ligands in innate tumor immunosurveillance. Here, we investigated whether TLR3 could modulate immune responses and facilitate tumor control without administration of an agonist. We observed only limited impact of TLR3 deficiency on spontaneous carcinogenesis and primary growth of B16F10, E0771 or MC38 tumors when injected subcutaneously to mice. Nevertheless, TLR3 was observed to limit experimental B16F10 lung metastasis, an immunologic constraint dependent on both IFNγ secretion and NK cells. Interestingly, we observed that NK cells derived from Tlr3 null (Tlr3-/- ) mice were hyporesponsive to cytokine stimulation. Indeed, compared with NK cells with intact TLR3, Tlr3-/- NK cells produced significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFNγ, when incubated in the presence of different combinations of IL-12, IL-18 and IL-15. Bone-marrow chimera experiments established that competent NK cell responses required TLR3 sensing on radio-sensitive immune cells. Intriguingly, although CD8α DCs robustly express high levels of TLR3, we found that those cells were not necessary for efficient IFNγ production by NK cells. Moreover, the defective NK cell phenotype of Tlr3-/- mice appeared to be independent of the gut microbiota. Altogether, our data demonstrate a pivotal role of endogenous TLR3 stimulation for the acquisition of full NK cell functions and immune protection against experimental metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Guillerey
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Herston, Queensland, Australia ; School of Medicine; University of Queensland ; Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melvyn T Chow
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim Miles
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Olver
- Bone Marrow Transplantation; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaclyn Sceneay
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Immunology; Juntendo University School of Medicine ; Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Möller
- School of Medicine; University of Queensland ; Herston, Queensland, Australia ; Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute ; Herston, Queensland, Australia ; School of Medicine; University of Queensland ; Herston, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Olver S, Apte SH, Baz A, Kelso A, Kienzle N. Interleukin-4-induced loss of CD8 expression and cytolytic function in effector CD8 T cells persists long term in vivo. Immunology 2013; 139:187-96. [PMID: 23311920 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of naive CD8(+) T cells in the presence of interleukin-4 modulates their CD8 co-receptor expression and functional differentiation, resulting in the generation of CD8(low) cells that produce type 2 cytokines and display poor cytolytic and anti-tumour activity. Although this CD8(low) phenotype becomes stable after about a week and can persist with further stimulation in vitro, it is not known whether it can be maintained long term in vivo. Here we report that CD8(low) cells derived from oval-bumin(257-264) -specific T-cell receptor-transgenic CD8(+) T cells activated in the presence of interleukin-4 could be detected in the spleen for at least 4 months after adoptive transfer into normal mice. A significant proportion of the long-term surviving cells retained their CD8(low) phenotype in vivo and after clonal re-activation in vitro. Although long-term surviving CD8(low) cells lacked detectable cytolytic activity or perforin expression, they showed some anti-tumour function in vivo. The persistence of functional cells with a CD8(low) phenotype in vivo raises the possibility that such cells can contribute to effector or regulatory responses to tumours or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Olver
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology and the Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
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7
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Varelias A, Kreijveld E, Olver S, Koyama M, Robb R, Raffelt N, Wilson Y, Kuns R, Don A, Markey K, Anderson G, Clouston A, MacDonald K, Hill G. Heme-oxygenase-1 in host tissues prevents visceral GVHD by regulating donor T cell expansion. (169.24). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.169.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that degrades heme, has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative actions yet its role in alloreactivity is unclear. Previously we demonstrated that HO-1 mRNA levels were elevated in recipient tissues of IFNγR-/- animals resistant to acute GVHD of the GI tract. Here we demonstrate that HO-1 expression in host tissues is critical for the suppression of acute GVHD as B6.HO-1-/- recipients of allogeneic BALB/c.WT grafts developed severe acute GVHD with rapid mortality (0% survival at d10) while WT mice survived longer term (median survival 42d). This was T cell mediated since mice transplanted with T cell depleted grafts showed no evidence of acute GVHD. Histological analysis revealed B6.HO-1-/- recipients developed severe acute GVHD of the GI tract and liver. TNF and IFNγ were elevated in the sera of B6.HO-1-/- recipients and systemic IFNγ but not TNF neutralization prevented hyperacute gut GVHD. The transplantation of grafts containing luciferase+ donor T cells demonstrated increased bioluminence signals in the mesenteric lymph node, spleen and GI tract of HO-1-/- recipients. Furthermore, the absolute number of donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells co-producing the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFNγ were increased early after BMT in the lymph nodes of B6.HO-1-/- recipients, demonstrating that HO-1 within recipient tissue controls the acquisition and expansion of donor T cell effector function after BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antiopi Varelias
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ellen Kreijveld
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart Olver
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Motoko Koyama
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Renee Robb
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neil Raffelt
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yana Wilson
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel Kuns
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alistair Don
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Markey
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Greg Anderson
- 2Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Iron Metabolism Laboratory, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Kelli MacDonald
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoff Hill
- 1Division of Immunology (Bone Marrow Transplantation lab), Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- 4Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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8
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Apte SH, Groves P, Olver S, Baz A, Doolan DL, Kelso A, Kienzle N. IFN-gamma inhibits IL-4-induced type 2 cytokine expression by CD8 T cells in vivo and modulates the anti-tumor response. J Immunol 2010; 185:998-1004. [PMID: 20562261 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of naive CD8 T cells in vitro in the presence of IL-4 induces type 2 cytokine expression, loss of CD8 expression, and reduced cytolytic potential. This represents a major shift from the canonical phenotype of effector CD8 T cells. It has not been established, however, whether IL-4 can induce comprehensive type 2 cytokine expression by CD8 T cells in vivo, nor whether the effects of IL-4 on type 2 cytokine production by CD8 T cells can be inhibited by IFN-gamma. Furthermore, disparate results have been reported regarding the anti-tumor ability of type 2 polarized effector CD8 T cells, and the effects of IFN-gamma in this respect remain unknown. To address these questions, wild-type or IFN-gamma-deficient OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells were activated in RAG-2(-/-) gamma c(-/-) recipients with control or IL-4-expressing OVA(+) tumor cells, and then transferred to secondary recipients for tumor challenge. Tumor-derived IL-4 induced the expression of type 2 cytokines and the transcription factor GATA-3 by responding CD8 T cells while reducing their CD8 coreceptor expression and ability to eliminate a secondary tumor challenge. Each of these effects of IL-4 was exaggerated in IFN-gamma-deficient, compared with wild-type, CD8 T cells. The results demonstrate that endogenous IFN-gamma counteracts the induction of type 2 cytokines and the downregulation of both CD8 coreceptor levels and the anti-tumor response in CD8 T cells exposed to IL-4 during activation in vivo. These findings may explain the anomalies in the reported functional phenotype of type 2 polarized CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon H Apte
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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9
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MacDonald K, Olver S, Kuns R, Varelias A, Raffelt N, Don A, Markey K, Wilson Y, Smyth M, Iwakura Y, Tocker J, Clouston A, Hill G. Stem cell mobilization with G-CSF induces Th-17 differentiation and promotes scleroderma (145.19). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.145.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The clinical shift toward utilizing G-CSF mobilized stem cell grafts has resulted in a striking increase in chronic GVHD after transplantation although the mechanisms involved are unclear. Comparison of cytokine expression following TCR activation of splenocytes from naïve and G-CSF treated B6 or BALB/c donors (low and high responders respectively) showed little effect of G-CSF on Th1 or Th2 cytokine production. In contrast, IL-17 production was dramatically enhanced in response to G-CSF in both strains. G-CSF induced IL-17 production occurred in both CD4 and CD8 conventional T cells and by using relevant knock-out mice or blocking reagents we demonstrated that this was independent of IL-6, TGF-beta or IL-23 signalling. However, the induction of IL-17 by G-CSF was completely dependent on IL-21 signalling and G-CSF induced IL-21 generation in CD4 T cells independent of IL-17 itself. We utilized multiple models of GVHD using G-CSF mobilized B6 or BALB/c wild-type or IL-17 deficient donors, in both MHC matched and mismatched settings. Surprisingly, IL-17 was critical for the induction of sclerodermatous chronic GVHD occurring after transplant using either donor strain. Importantly, IL-17 controlled the dramatic sequestration of macrophages into skin that coincided with the fibrogenic response. This study provides a logical explanation for the propensity of allogeneic stem cell transplantation to invoke sclerodermatous GVHD and suggests a therapeutic strategy for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli MacDonald
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart Olver
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel Kuns
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neil Raffelt
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alistair Don
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Markey
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yana Wilson
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Smyth
- 3Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Geoff Hill
- 1The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- 2Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Royal Brisbane Hospital,, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Olver S, Apte S, Baz A, Kienzle N. The duplicitous effects of interleukin 4 on tumour immunity: how can the same cytokine improve or impair control of tumour growth? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:293-8. [PMID: 17389011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Successful tumour immunity relies on innate and adaptive immune responses, with cytokines like interleukin 4 (IL-4) known to influence tumour clearance in both positive and negative ways. Here, we summarise some of the murine tumour models used over the past two decades to assess the impact of IL-4 on tumour immunity, with emphasis on the effects of IL-4 on the tumour-induced CD8 T-cell response. These data are compared with our own recent studies showing that IL-4 impairs CD8+ T-cell-mediated immunity against the mastocytoma cell line P815 expressing the immunogenic HLA-CW3 gene; moreover, we hypothesise that quantitative and qualitative differences in the HLA-CW3-induced CD8+ T-cell response impair control of tumour growth and aid the development of secondary tumours. We conclude that the duplicitous effects of IL-4 on tumour immunity depend on the type of effector cell (adaptive/innate) mediating tumour clearance and whether tumour growth depends on stromal infrastructure. Thus, the search for factors that improve or weaken the effectiveness of tumour-specific T cells has to be continued to improve modern approaches of immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olver
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Olver S, Groves P, Buttigieg K, Morris ES, Janas ML, Kelso A, Kienzle N. Tumor-Derived Interleukin-4 Reduces Tumor Clearance and Deviates the Cytokine and Granzyme Profile of Tumor-Induced CD8+ T Cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:571-80. [PMID: 16397274 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An interleukin (IL)-4-containing tumor environment is reported to be beneficial for immune clearance of tumor cells in vivo; however, the effect of IL-4 on the effector CD8+ T cells contributing to tumor clearance is not well defined. We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response. P.CW3 were stably transfected with IL-4 or the empty control vector, and independent cell lines were injected i.p. into syngeneic DBA/2 mice. After apparent clearance of primary tumors over 12 to 15 days, secondary tumors arose that lacked surface expression and H-2-restricted antigen presentation of CW3 in part due to the loss of the HLA-CW3 expression cassette. Surprisingly, mice that received IL-4-producing tumor cells showed delayed primary tumor clearance and were significantly more prone to develop secondary tumors compared with mice receiving control tumor cells. Tumor clearance was dependent on CD8+ T cells. The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells. We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance. These data bring into question the delivery of IL-4 to the tumor environment for improving tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Olver
- Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Kienzle N, Olver S, Buttigieg K, Groves P, Janas ML, Baz A, Kelso A. Progressive differentiation and commitment of CD8+ T cells to a poorly cytolytic CD8low phenotype in the presence of IL-4. J Immunol 2005; 174:2021-9. [PMID: 15699131 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.4.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to IL-4 during activation of naive murine CD8+ T cells leads to generation of IL-4-producing effector cells with reduced surface CD8, low perforin, granzyme B and granzyme C mRNA, and poor cytolytic function. We show in this study that maximal development of these cells depended on exposure to IL-4 for the first 5 days of activation. Although IL-4 was not required at later times, CD8 T cell clones continued to lose surface CD8 expression with prolonged culture, suggesting commitment to the CD8low phenotype. This state was reversible in early differentiation. When single CD8low cells from 4-day cultures were cultured without IL-4, 65% gave rise to clones that partly or wholly comprised CD8high cells; the proportion of reverted clones was reduced or increased when the cells were cloned in the presence of IL-4 or anti-IL-4 Ab, respectively. CD8 expression positively correlated with perforin and granzyme A, B, and C mRNA, and negatively correlated with IL-4 mRNA levels among these clones. By contrast, most CD8low cells isolated at later time points maintained their phenotype, produced IL-4, and exhibited poor cytolytic function after many weeks in the absence of exogenous IL-4. We conclude that IL-4-dependent down-regulation of CD8 is associated with progressive differentiation and commitment to yield IL-4-producing cells with little cytolytic activity. These data suggest that the CD4-CD8- cells identified in some disease states may be the product of a previously unrecognized pathway of effector differentiation from conventional CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kienzle
- Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology and Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Kienzle N, Olver S, Buttigieg K, Kelso A. The fluorolysis assay, a highly sensitive method for measuring the cytolytic activity of T cells at very low numbers. J Immunol Methods 2002; 267:99-108. [PMID: 12165431 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly sensitive cytolysis test, the fluorolysis assay, as a simple nonradioactive and inexpensive alternative to the standard 51Cr-release assay. P815 cells were stably transfected with a plasmid expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. These target cells were coated with or without cognate peptide or anti-CD3 Ab and then incubated with CD8(+) T cells to allow antigen-specific or nonspecific lysis. The degree of target cell lysis was measured using flow cytometry to count the percentage of viable propidium iodide(-) EGFP(+) cells, whose numbers were standardized to a reference number of fluorochrome-linked beads. By using small numbers of target cells (200-800 per reaction) and extended incubation times (up to 2 days), the antigen-specific cytolytic activity of one to two activated CD8(+) T cells of a CTL line could be detected. The redirected fluorolysis assay also measured the activity of very few (> or =6) primary CD8(+) T cells following polyclonal activation. Importantly, antigen-specific lysis by small numbers (> or =25) of primary CD8(+) T cells could be directly measured ex vivo. This exquisite sensitivity of the fluorolysis assay, which was at least 8-33-folds higher than an optimized 51Cr-release assay, allows in vitro and ex vivo studies of immune responses that would otherwise not be possible due to low CTL numbers or frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kienzle
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research and the Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4029, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In the rat, orthotopic liver transplantation from a DA strain donor to a PVG recipient causes an early rejection response that spontaneously resolves over the following weeks to yield long-lasting, donor-specific tolerance. METHODS Limiting dilution analysis was used to estimate the frequencies of host CD4+ cells able to proliferate in response to donor antigens in the grafted liver and spleen of recipients during and after tolerance induction. RESULTS Compared with naive PVG rats, both the frequencies and absolute numbers of donor-reactive host CD4+ cells in the liver and spleen rose significantly during the first week after transplantation and remained elevated for at least 3 months. CONCLUSION We conclude that the development of tolerance in this model is not associated with deletion of clonogenic donor-reactive CD4+ T cells by clonal exhaustion or any other mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olver
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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