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Kang SJ, Kim DH, Lee BJ. Metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors: A continuing challenge for combating antibiotic resistance. Biophys Chem 2024; 309:107228. [PMID: 38552402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics are the most successful and commonly used antibacterial agents, but the emergence of resistance to these drugs has become a global health threat. The expression of β-lactamase enzymes produced by pathogens, which hydrolyze the amide bond of the β-lactam ring, is the major mechanism for bacterial resistance to β-lactams. In particular, among class A, B, C and D β-lactamases, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs, class B β-lactamases) are considered crucial contributors to resistance in gram-negative bacteria. To combat β-lactamase-mediated resistance, great efforts have been made to develop β-lactamase inhibitors that restore the activity of β-lactams. Some β-lactamase inhibitors, such as diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs) and boronic acid derivatives, have also been approved by the FDA. Inhibitors used in the clinic can inactivate mostly serine-β-lactamases (SBLs, class A, C, and D β-lactamases) but have not been effective against MBLs until now. In order to develop new inhibitors particularly for MBLs, various attempts have been suggested. Based on structural and mechanical studies of MBL enzymes, several MBL inhibitor candidates, including taniborbactam in phase 3 and xeruborbactam in phase 1, have been introduced in recent years. However, designing potent inhibitors that are effective against all subclasses of MBLs is still extremely challenging. This review summarizes not only the types of β-lactamase and mechanisms by which β-lactam antibiotics are inactivated, but also the research finding on β-lactamase inhibitors targeting these enzymes. These detailed information on β-lactamases and their inhibitors could give valuable information for novel β-lactamase inhibitors design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Mastermeditech Ltd., Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Kang Y, Kang S, Gibson D, Rodriguez AM, Prochaska J, Kaul S. Disparities in utilization of preventive health services among Asian young adults in the United States. Prev Med 2023; 175:107670. [PMID: 37586609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the favorable health impacts of preventive services use, young adults remain at a higher risk of not using these services compared with older adults. This study seeks to identify barriers to receiving recommended preventive services among Asian young adults compared to other racial/ethnic young adults. Using 2016-2018 National Health Interview Survey data, this study examined barriers to recommended preventive services among non-Hispanic (NH) Asian young adults aged 18-39 years compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the United States (Total = 25,430; NH Asians = 6.3%). General prevention included fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, blood pressure, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus checkups. We documented information on vaccinations for influenza, pneumonia, tetanus, hepatitis A/B, and female-specific preventive care measures. NH Asian young adults reported blood pressure checkups less often than NH Whites (72.88% vs. 79.92%, p < 0.001). NH Asian young adults were also less likely to report HIV testing than all other racial/ethnic groups (p < 0.001). After controlling for covariates, NH Whites (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.60, 2.50), NH Blacks (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.18, 2.02), and other races (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.60, 3.58) were more likely to receive any preventive services than NH Asians. Among those receiving any preventive services, there were no differences between NH Asians and all other racial/ethnic groups in whether they reported receiving relatively more preventive services. Our findings demonstrate that the rates of certain recommended preventive services use were lower among NH Asian young adults. Targeted public health strategies are needed to increase the use of preventive healthcare for racial/ethnic minority young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kang
- School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - SuJin Kang
- Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Building 221, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Derrick Gibson
- School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Ana M Rodriguez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd Fl 3., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - John Prochaska
- School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Sapna Kaul
- School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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3
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Kim DH, Na Y, Chang H, Boo JH, Kang SM, Jin C, Kang SJ, Lee SY, Lee BJ. Domain swapping of the C-terminal helix promotes the dimerization of a novel ribonuclease protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4644. [PMID: 37070717 PMCID: PMC10182728 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyketide metabolism-associated proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis play an essential role in the survival of the bacterium, which makes them potential drug targets for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The novel ribonuclease protein Rv1546 is predicted to be a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-related lipid-transfer (START) domain superfamily, which comprises bacterial polyketide aromatase/cyclases (ARO/CYCs). Here, we determined the crystal structure of Rv1546 in a V-shaped dimer. The Rv1546 monomer consists of four α-helices and seven antiparallel β-strands. Interestingly, in the dimeric state, Rv1546 forms a helix-grip fold, which is present in START domain proteins, via three-dimensional domain swapping. Structural analysis revealed that the conformational change of the C-terminal α-helix of Rv1546 might contribute to the unique dimer structure. Site-directed mutagenesis followed by in vitro ribonuclease activity assays was performed to identify catalytic sites of the protein. This experiment suggested that surface residues R63, K84, K88 and R113 are important in the ribonuclease function of Rv1546. In summary, this study presents the structural and functional characterization of Rv1546 and supplies new perspectives for exploiting Rv1546 as a novel drug target for TB treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseo Na
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Chang
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Boo
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chenglong Jin
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Lee
- The Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Moon J, Kang SJ, Noh JW. Evaluation of primary health care system in Yangon Region, Myanmar: a mixed-method approach. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many low- and middle-income countries and international organizations have invested resources to strengthen primary health care services. Despite efforts from the Ministry of Health on primary health care, barriers to accessing health care services and health inequality in Myanmar still exist. This study aimed to identify the challenges and unmet needs in the current primary health care services by assessing the experiences and perceptions of healthcare workers and local leaders in three townships (Htantabin, Hmawbi, and Taikkyi) in Yangon, Myanmar.
Methods
The study was conducted among healthcare professionals and community leaders in three townships. By adopting a mixed-method approach, a cross-sectional health needs assessment survey was conducted for quantitative data (n = 66), and focus group discussions (15 group discussions) were conducted online for qualitative data.
Results
As a result of the survey regarding six domains; hygiene, primary medical care, maternal and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and leadership, enhancing the management and leadership capacity had the lowest average score on the current achievement (2.81 out of 5), while strengthening infectious disease control service and accessibility was perceived as the highest mean on the priority of intervention (4.28 out of 5) and the impact of the intervention (4.7). The focus group discussions revealed that while specific infrastructures and equipment necessary for the category were addressed, the need for financial support has been the recurrent theme throughout the discussions.
Conclusions
Utilizing the World Health Organization’s six-building block framework, our findings suggest that a long-term targeted financial investment in the primary health care system is critical in Myanmar by increasing health care expenditure per capita. At the same time, related barriers and facilitators should be considered to optimize the effectiveness of prioritized interventions.
Key messages
• Health care providers and local leaders perceived the management and leadership capacity as the lowest current achievement.
• A long-term targeted financial investment in the primary health care system is critical in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moon
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen , Groningen, Netherlands
| | - SJ Kang
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - JW Noh
- Division of Health Administration, Yonsei University , Wonju, South Korea
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5
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Seo SM, Kim SJ, Kwon O, Brilakis ES, Yoon YH, Lee KS, Kim TO, Lee PH, Kang SJ, Kim YH, Lee CW, Park SW, Lee SW. Intravascular ultrasound-guided optimization for chronic total occlusion-percutaneous coronary intervention with multiple drug-eluting stents. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multiple stenting in the chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions is frequently required, however associated with poorer clinical outcomes. It is demonstrated that intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided CTO-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is related to a lower risk of adverse clinical events.
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of stent optimization under IVUS guidance for multiple stenting, comparing with single stenting.
Methods
A total of 916 patients receiving drug-eluting stent (DES) under IVUS guidance were classified into two groups (stent optimization and non-optimization) according to optimization criteria (an absolute expansion criteria; minimal stent area ≥4.9 mm2 and a relative expansion criteria; 80% of mean reference lumen area). Of total population, 314 patients (34.3%) were treated with single stent and 575 patients (62.7%) were treated with multiple stents, respectively. Ischemic-driven target-lesion revascularization (TLR)/reocclusion was evaluated.
Results
Under IVUS guidance, 316 patients (34.5%) met IVUS criteria for stent optimization The achieving rates were 53% in the single stent group and 24% in the multiple stents group, respectively, (p<0.001). During a median of 4.7 years, the multiple stent group showed a significantly higher TLR/reocclusion rate, compared with the single stent group (12.8% vs. 5.2%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–5.25, p=0.01). (Figure 1) Meeting both the absolute and relative expansion criteria was associated with a significantly low rate of TLR/reocclusion rate (12.5% vs. 5.2%, adjusted HR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.79, p=0.01). Under IVUS-guidance, there was no significant difference between multiple stenting and single stenting in case of achieving the optimization criteria (6.5% vs. 4.2%, p=0.11), whereas non-optimization group in the patients with multiple stenting showed a significantly higher rate of TLR/reocclusion, compared with IVUS-optimization group in the patients with single stenting (14.5% vs. 4.2%, p=0.002). (Figure 2)
Conclusions
In CTO-PCI with DES, multiple stenting significantly increased the risk of TLR/reocclusion. IVUS-guided optimization for multiple stenting showed a comparable long-term risk of TLR/reocclusion to single stenting with IVUS optimization. Hence, achieving IVUS expansion criteria may help to reduce the risk of TLR/reocclusion in CTO-PCI with multiple DES overlapping.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Seo
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Kim
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - O Kwon
- Eunpyeoung St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E S Brilakis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation , Minneapolis , United States of America
| | - Y H Yoon
- Sejong Chungnam National University Hospital , Sejong , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K S Lee
- Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital , Daejeon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - T O Kim
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - P H Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S J Kang
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y H Kim
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - C W Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Park
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Lee
- Asan Medical Center , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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6
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Kang SJ, Nam SH, Lee BJ. Engineering Approaches for the Development of Antimicrobial Peptide-Based Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101338. [PMID: 36289996 PMCID: PMC9599025 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have received increasing attention as potential alternatives for future antibiotics because of the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. AMPs are small cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antibiotic activities and different action mechanisms to those of traditional antibiotics. Despite the desirable advantages of developing peptide-based antimicrobial agents, the clinical applications of AMPs are still limited because of their enzymatic degradation, toxicity, and selectivity. In this review, structural modifications, such as amino acid substitution, stapling, cyclization of peptides, and hybrid AMPs with conventional antibiotics or other peptides, will be presented. Additionally, nanodelivery systems using metals or lipids to deliver AMPs will be discussed based on the structural properties and action mechanisms of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - So Hee Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-7869
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7
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Eun HJ, Lee J, Kang SJ, Lee BJ. The structural and functional investigation of the VapBC43 complex from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 616:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Todokoro Y, Kang SJ, Suzuki T, Ikegami T, Kainosho M, Yoshida M, Fujiwara T, Akutsu H. Chemical Conformation of the Essential Glutamate Site of the c-Ring within Thermophilic Bacillus F oF 1-ATP Synthase Determined by Solid-State NMR Based on its Isolated c-Ring Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14132-14139. [PMID: 35905443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proton translocation through the membrane-embedded Fo component of F-type ATP synthase (FoF1) is facilitated by the rotation of the Fo c-subunit ring (c-ring), carrying protons at essential acidic amino acid residues. Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures of FoF1 suggest a unique proton translocation mechanism. To elucidate it based on the chemical conformation of the essential acidic residues of the c-ring in FoF1, we determined the structure of the isolated thermophilic Bacillus Fo (tFo) c-ring, consisting of 10 subunits, in membranes by solid-state NMR. This structure contains a distinct proton-locking conformation, wherein Asn23 (cN23) CγO and Glu56 (cE56) CδOH form a hydrogen bond in a closed form. We introduced stereo-array-isotope-labeled (SAIL) Glu and Asn into the tFoc-ring to clarify the chemical conformation of these residues in tFoF1-ATP synthase (tFoF1). Two well-separated 13C signals could be detected for cN23 and cE56 in a 505 kDa membrane protein complex, respectively, thereby suggesting the presence of two distinct chemical conformations. Based on the signal intensity and structure of the tFoc-ring and tFoF1, six pairs of cN23 and cE56 surrounded by membrane lipids take the closed form, whereas the other four in the a-c interface employ the deprotonated open form at a proportion of 87%. This indicates that the a-c interface is highly hydrophilic. The pKa values of the four cE56 residues in the a-c interface were estimated from the cN23 signal intensity in the open and closed forms and distribution of polar residues around each cE56. The results favor a rotation of the c-ring for ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Todokoro
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Technical Support Division, School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-0026, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikegami
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masatsune Kainosho
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masasuke Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Akutsu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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9
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Kang S, Moon J, Kang H, Nam H, Tak S, Cho SI. The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 53:302-306. [PMID: 33070500 PMCID: PMC7569016 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. METHODS We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. RESULTS According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. CONCLUSIONS Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuJin Kang
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Moon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heewon Kang
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heekyoung Nam
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Tak
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Lee HJ, Kang SJ, Woo Y, Hahn TW, Ko HJ, Jung YJ. TLR7 Stimulation With Imiquimod Induces Selective Autophagy and Controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth in Mouse Macrophages. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1684. [PMID: 32765474 PMCID: PMC7380068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal self-digestion pathway that maintains internal homeostasis inside cells and critical process by which the innate immune system eliminates intracellular bacteria. In this study, we showed that stimulation of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) with imiquimod (IMQ) triggered autophagic cell death in macrophages by enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the p38- or MEK/ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathway in the early phase. IMQ significantly increased mitochondrial ROS and targeted autophagosomes to the mitochondria. Stimulation of TLR7 with IMQ enhanced the expression of BNIP3, which was localized to mitochondria and interacted with beclin-1, leading to mitophagy. In addition, IMQ substantially induced NO production through the GSK-3β-mediated signaling pathway, which led to autophagy in the late stage. We further examined whether the induction of autophagy by IMQ effectively eliminated intracellular microbes. Macrophages were infected with a virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain, H37Rv, and then treated with IMQ. IMQ suppressed intracellular Mtb growth by inducing autophagy in a dose-dependent manner and increased NO production. Inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine (3-MA) prevented autophagosome formation and control of intracellular Mtb growth in macrophages. These findings revealed a novel mechanism by which IMQ induces selective autophagy to promote intracellular killing machinery against Mtb infection in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Ji Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yunseo Woo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Hahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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11
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Choi BR, Kang SJ, Kim JL, Lee YJ, Ku SK. Effects of Pomegranate Concentrate Powder: Eucommiae Cortex: Achyranthis Radix 5:4:1 (w/w) Mixed Formula on Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20907725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the antiosteoarthritis effect of a mixture of powdered pomegranate concentrate, eucommiae cortex, and achyranthis radix (5:4:1 w/w) (PEA-Mix). After the injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), PEA-Mixs were orally administered. To assess pain-related behaviors, a von Frey filament test and open field test were performed. We also examined the knee thickness, maximum knee extension angle, bone mineral density (BMD), and compressive strength of the knee joint and performed a histopathologic analysis. The number of COX-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine immunoreactive cells, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) levels, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and mRNA levels of chondrogenesis-related genes were analyzed. PEA-Mix significantly inhibited the MIA-induced decrease in the paw-withdrawal threshold and total distance moved, and the MIA-induced increases in the maximum knee extension angle and knee thickness. Also, the MIA-induced loss of the knee joint articular surface region and decrease in the BMD were significantly suppressed by PEA-Mix. The MIA-induced increases in the 5-LPO, PGE2, MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, and TNF-α mRNA levels were reduced by PEA-Mix. PEA-Mix increased the MIA-mediated reduction in the SOX-9 and aggrecan mRNA levels. The number of PARP-positive cells was smaller in PEA-Mix-administered rats than in MIA-administered rats, while the number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-positive cells was larger. Therefore, PEA-Mix relieved the MIA-induced pain-related behaviors, chondrocyte proliferation, and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Rak Choi
- Department of Foodscience and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
- The Medical Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lae Kim
- HLscience Co., Ltd, Uiwang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sea-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
- The Medical Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
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Kang SJ, Cho HB, Jo EH, Yang GJ, Hong JE, Lee JH, Shim YH, Mun JH, Park MC. Efficacy and safety of So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang in patients with atopic dermatitis and respiratory disorders: Study protocol of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18565. [PMID: 31914034 PMCID: PMC6959861 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD, atopic eczema) is a pruritic, inflammatory, chronic skin disease. Since there is limitation of conventional treatment of AD, traditional herbal medicine can be an attractive therapeutic option in patients having AD for a long time. So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang (SCRT) has been found to inhibit histamine release and degranulation of mast cells, differentiation of basophils, and proliferation of eosinophils. We designed this clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SCRT as compared to placebo in patients with AD and respiratory disorders. METHODS/DESIGN This study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and investigator-initiated clinical trial. A total of 60 patients between 7 and 65 years of age with AD and respiratory disorders who received a diagnosis of AD by Hanifin and Rajka criteria who scored 15 to 50 in a scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly assigned to the SCRT or placebo group in a ratio of 1:1 and they will have a visit schedule comprising 4 visits including a screening visit during 8 to 10 weeks. The participants will be administered SCRT or placebo 3 times a day for 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be measured by a change of the SCORAD index. The secondary outcomes will be measured by changes in the dose and frequency of usage of the AD ointment, dermatology life quality index scores, pruritus and sleep disorder in visual analog scale, skin moisture content, skin surface temperature, Hamilton anxiety rating scale scores, depression rating scale scores, stress/autonomic nervous function test, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder survey scores at week 4 as compared to those at the baseline. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, SCRT has rarely been reported for dermatologic diseases. This will be the first clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of SCRT in patients with AD and respiratory disorders. We hope that the results of this trial will provide evidence for the use of SCRT as a new treatment for AD with respiratory disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION Korean National Clinical Trial Registry, Clinical Research Information Service. (KCT0004148) (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01_en.jsp?seq=14981<ype=&rtype=).
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan-si
| | - Han-Baek Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan-si
| | - Eun-Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si
| | - Geum-Jin Yang
- Korean Medicine Dermatology Clinical Research Center, Won-Kwang University
| | - Ji-Eun Hong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital
| | - Yu-Hwa Shim
- Korean Medicine Dermatology Clinical Research Center, Won-Kwang University
| | - Jung-Hyun Mun
- Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital
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13
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Son MJ, Yang GJ, Jo EH, Shim YH, Kang SJ, Hong JE, Kim YE, Lee JE, Chun J, Park S, Jung J, Park MC. Association of atopic dermatitis with obesity via a multi-omics approach: A protocol for a case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16527. [PMID: 31335732 PMCID: PMC6708792 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have found that obesity is associated with atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the mechanisms underlying the association are largely unknown. This study aims to assess the association of AD with obesity in the Korean population and verify its mechanism via a multi-omics analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A case-control study will be conducted in the Republic of Korea. A total of 80 subjects, aged 4 to 12 years, matched for age and sex, with body mass index at or above the 85th percentile or at or below the 25th percentile, will be included. Subjects will be assigned to the following 4 groups: obese/overweight with AD, normal/underweight with AD, obese/overweight control, and normal/underweight control. Serum metabolome and immune biomarkers, as well as fecal metabolome and microbiome biomarkers, will be analyzed. Serum eosinophil cationic protein, total serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE), and specific IgE will be analyzed to assess allergic tendency. The SCORing of AD index, the children's dermatology life quality index, body composition analysis, and the Korean gastrointestinal symptom rating scale will be obtained to assess the disease status and severity of the subjects. DISCUSSION The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence of an association between AD and obesity via a gut microbiome-metabolome-immune mechanism. Therefore, it may improve future management strategies for AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered at the Korean National Clinical Trial Registry, Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0003630).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ju Son
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon
| | - Geum-Jin Yang
- Korean Medicine Dermatology Clinical Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan
| | - Eun-Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jeonju Hospital of Oriental Medicine of Wonkwang University, Jeonju
| | - Yu-Hwa Shim
- Korean Medicine Dermatology Clinical Research Center of Wonkwang University, Iksan
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wonkwang University Iksan Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan
| | - Ji-Eun Hong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jeonju Hospital of Oriental Medicine of Wonkwang University, Jeonju
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon
| | - Seonghwan Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Wonkwang University Iksan Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Kang SJ, Jo EH, Yang GJ, Shim YH, Hong JE, Park MC. Efficacy and safety of Soshiho-tang in patients with atopic dermatitis and gastrointestinal disorders: Study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15479. [PMID: 31045830 PMCID: PMC6504306 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease that affects the quality of life in patients with AD. Since there is limitation of conventional treatment of AD, complementary treatment is required to treat AD symptoms more effectively and safely Soshiho-tang (SSHT) is a traditional herbal medicine that exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effects and improves the immune function. In this clinical trial, we will evaluate the efficacy and safety of SSHT in patients with AD and gastrointestinal disorders in comparison with placebo. METHODS/DESIGN This study is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and investigator-initiated clinical trial. A total of 60 patients aged 3 to 18 years with AD and gastrointestinal disorders and who received a diagnosis of AD by Hanifin & Rajka criteria with a Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index between 15 and 49 will be enrolled. Participants will be randomly assigned to the SSHT or placebo group in a ratio of 1:1. Additionally, they will have a visit schedule comprising 4 visits including a screening visit during 8 to 10 weeks. The participants will be administered SSHT or placebo 3 times a day for 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be measured by a change of the SCORAD index. The secondary outcome measures include the following: survey questionnaires for the perception of gastrointestinal disorders, amount and frequency of ointment usage for AD, dermatology quality of life index, itchiness and sleep disability score in visual analog scale, percutaneous water loss, skin surface temperature, Hamilton anxiety rating scale, and children's depression inventory. DISCUSSION In our knowledge, this will be the first clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of SSHT in patients with AD and gastrointestinal disorders. The findings of this study will provide new treatment options for patients with AD and gastrointestinal disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION Korean National Clinical Trial Registry, Clinical Research Information Service. (KCT0003713) https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01_en.jsp?seq=13489<ype=&rtype=.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan-si
| | - Eun-Heui Jo
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si
| | - Geum-Jin Yang
- Korean Medicine Dermatology Clinical Research Center of Won-Kwang University
| | - Yu-Hwa Shim
- Korean Medicine Dermatology Clinical Research Center of Won-Kwang University
| | - Ji-Eun Hong
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Won-Kwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Liu T, Bao FL, Kang SJ, Jiang T, Huang DS, Gao W, Geng LJ, Hu YM. [Operative strategy and clinical results of complex four part distal radius fractures by combined palmar and dorsal internal fixation]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018. [PMID: 29534411 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore a standard procedure for the treatment of combined dorsal and palmar internal fixation for complex four part distal radius fractures and assess its clinical results. Methods: From May 2009 to October 2016, 38 patients(39 sides)who suffered from complex four part distal radius fractures were performed operatively with open reduction and internal fixation via combined dorsal and palmar approach in Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(Qingdao). The series included 22 males(22 sides) and 16 females(17 sides). Age of the patients was 53.5 years ranging from 25 to 79 years.According to Melone classification, there were 34 sides of type of Ⅳ, 5 of type Ⅴ.According to Frykman classification, there were 15 sides of type Ⅶ, 24 sides of type Ⅷ, and all the cases were type C3 according to AO/OTA classification.Preoperatively, the key articular fragments in four part distal radius fractures were identified and the individual fracture patterns from conventional X-ray and CT-scan were analyzed. All the patients were performed combined volar and dorsal fixation.Firstly, a palmar approach which gave access to and fix the palmar-ulnar fragment and the radial styloid fragment was performed.Then a limited dorsal approach across the third extensor compartment which gave access to the dorso-ulnar fragment and a limited dorsal arthrotomy to visualize the radiocarpal joint when necessary were performed.Through dorsal approach, we can address the dorso-ulnar fragment, free intra-articular fragment and direct visualize the joint.Use of a retinacular flap was routinely advocated to help prevent against tendon irritation and rupture.The follow-up control included conventional X-ray, range of motion(ROM), grip strength, and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand index(DASH), as well as the patient-rated wrist evaluation(PRWE) score for functional outcome at 6 and 12 months. Results: Thirty-three patients(34 sides) were followed up for at least 12 months.The would healed well in all cases 2 weeks postoperatively, and no soft tissue infections, necrosis or neurovascular complications occurred.All the fractures of 38 cases(39 sides)healed averaged 3.6 months(ranging from 2.5-5.7 months), and no loss of reduction occurred postoperatively.Anatomic reconstruction with a step or gap of <1 mm was achieved in 37 cases(38 sides), Whereas 5 patients were lost to follow-up at 12 months postoperatively.ROM and grip strength were all recovered to over 85% of the unaffected side(exception of the bilateral patient). Median DASH-index and PRWE were 6.5(0-17) and 9.3(0-20)respectively. Conclusion: Combined volar and dorsal approaches allow achieving anatomic reconstruction in complex four part intra-articular distal radius fractures and reveal good functional outcomes at intermediate follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(Qingdao), Qingdao 266035, China
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16
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Kang SJ, Todokoro Y, Bak S, Suzuki T, Yoshida M, Fujiwara T, Akutsu H. Direct assignment of 13C solid-state NMR signals of TF oF 1 ATP synthase subunit c-ring in lipid membranes and its implication for the ring structure. J Biomol NMR 2018; 70:53-65. [PMID: 29197977 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-017-0158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
FoF1-ATP synthase catalyzes ATP hydrolysis/synthesis coupled with a transmembrane H+ translocation in membranes. The Fo c-subunit ring plays a major role in this reaction. We have developed an assignment strategy for solid-state 13C NMR (ssNMR) signals of the Fo c-subunit ring of thermophilic Bacillus PS3 (TFo c-ring, 72 residues), carrying one of the basic folds of membrane proteins. In a ssNMR spectrum of uniformly 13C-labeled sample, the signal overlap has been a major bottleneck because most amino acid residues are hydrophobic. To overcome signal overlapping, we developed a method designated as COmplementary Sequential assignment with MInimum Labeling Ensemble (COSMILE). According to this method, we generated three kinds of reverse-labeled samples to suppress signal overlapping. To assign the carbon signals sequentially, two-dimensional Cα(i+1)-C'Cα(i) correlation and dipolar assisted rotational resonance (DARR) experiments were performed under magic-angle sample spinning. On the basis of inter- and intra-residue 13C-13C chemical shift correlations, 97% of Cα, 97% of Cβ and 92% of C' signals were assigned directly from the spectra. Secondary structure analysis predicted a hairpin fold of two helices with a central loop. The effects of saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholines on TFo c-ring structure were examined. The DARR spectra at 15 ms mixing time are essentially similar to each other in saturated and unsaturated lipid membranes, suggesting that TFo c-rings have similar structures under the different environments. The spectrum of the sample in saturated lipid membranes showed better resolution and structural stability in the gel state. The C-terminal helix was suggested to locate in the outer layer of the c-ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuto Todokoro
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Suyeon Bak
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masasuke Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideo Akutsu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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17
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Chae MR, Kang SJ, Lee KP, Choi BR, Kim HK, Park JK, Kim CY, Lee SW. Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extract (OPE) regulates human sperm motility via protein kinase C-mediated activation of the human voltage-gated proton channel. Andrology 2017; 5:979-989. [PMID: 28805023 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) and quercetin protect against oxidative damage and have positive effects on multiple functional parameters of spermatozoa, including viability and motility. However, the associated underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of onion peel extract (OPE) on voltage-gated proton (Hv1) channels, which play a critical role in rapid proton extrusion. This process underlies a wide range of physiological processes, particularly male fertility. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the changes in Hv1 currents in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with human Hv1 (HVCN1). The effects of OPE on human sperm motility were also analyzed. OPE significantly activated the outward-rectifying proton currents in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC50 value of 30 μg/mL. This effect was largely reversible upon washout. Moreover, OPE induced an increase in the proton current amplitude and decreased the time constant of activation at 0 mV from 4.9 ± 1.7 to 0.6 ± 0.1 sec (n = 6). In the presence of OPE, the half-activation voltage (V1/2 ) shifted in the negative direction, from 20.1 ± 5.8 to 5.2 ± 8.7 mV (n = 6), but the slope was not significantly altered. The OPE-induced current was profoundly inhibited by 10 μm Zn2+ , the most potent Hv1 channel inhibitor, and was also inhibited by treatment with GF109203X, a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Furthermore, sperm motility was significantly increased in the OPE-treated groups. OPE exhibits protective effects on sperm motility, at least partially via regulation of the proton channel. Moreover, similar effects were exerted by quercetin, the major flavonoid in OPE. These results suggest OPE, which is rich in the potent Hv1 channel activator quercetin, as a possible new candidate treatment for human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Chae
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K P Lee
- Laboratory of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - B R Choi
- Department of Urology, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - H K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - J K Park
- Department of Urology, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - C Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choo SH, Lee SW, Chae MR, Kang SJ, Sung HH, Han DH, Chun JN, Park JK, Kim CY, Kim HK, So I. Effects of eupatilin on the contractility of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle through nitric oxide-independent pathways. Andrology 2017; 5:1016-1022. [PMID: 28719725 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone) is one of the main compounds present in Artemisia species. Eupatilin has both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and a relaxation effect on vascular contraction regardless of endothelial function. We evaluated the relaxant effects of eupatilin on the corpus cavernosum (CC) of rabbits and the underlying mechanisms of its activity in human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) cells. Isolated rabbit CC strips were mounted in an organ bath system. A conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to measure activation of calcium-sensitive K+ -channel currents in human CCSM cells. The relaxation effect of eupatilin was evaluated by cumulative addition (10-5 m ~ 3 × 10-4 m) to CC strips precontracted with 10-5 m phenylephrine. Western blotting analysis was performed to measure myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitory protein for heterotrimeric myosin light chain phosphatase of 17-kDa (CPI-17) expression and to evaluate the effect of eupatilin on the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Eupatilin effectively relaxed the phenylephrine-induced tone in the rabbit CC strips in a concentration-dependent manner with an estimated EC50 value of 1.2 ± 1.6 × 10-4 m (n = 8, p < 0.05). Iberiotoxin and tetraethylammonium significantly reduced the relaxation effect (n = 8, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Removal of the endothelium or the presence of L-NAME or indomethacin did not affect the relaxation effect of eupatilin. In CCSM cells, the extracellular application of eupatilin 10-4 m significantly increased the outward currents, and the eupatilin-stimulated currents were significantly attenuated by treatment with 10-7 m iberiotoxin (n = 13, p < 0.05). Eupatilin reduced the phosphorylation level of MYPT1 at Thr853 of MLCP and CPI-17 at Thr38. Eupatilin-induced relaxation of the CCSM cells via NO-independent pathways. The relaxation effects of eupatilin on CCSM cells were partially due to activation of BKCa channels and inhibition of RhoA/Rho-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Choo
- Department of Urology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M R Chae
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Han
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J N Chun
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J K Park
- Department of Urology, Institute for Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center of Medical Device of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - C Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - H K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - I So
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bae JY, Kim CJ, Kim UJ, Song KH, Kim ES, Kang SJ, Oh MD, Park KH, Kim NJ. Concordance of results of blood and tissue cultures from patients with pyogenic spondylitis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:279-282. [PMID: 28698035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the concordance of results of blood and tissue cultures in patients with pyogenic spondylitis. METHODS We searched for patients with pyogenic spondylitis in whom microorganisms were isolated from both blood and tissue cultures by retrospective review of medical records in three tertiary university-affiliated hospitals between January 2005 and December 2015. The species and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates from blood and tissue cultures were compared. RESULTS Among 141 patients with pyogenic spondylitis in whom microorganisms were isolated from both blood and tissue cultures, the species of blood and tissue isolates were identical in 135 patients (95.7%, 135/141). Excluding the four anaerobic isolates, we investigated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 131 isolates of the same species from blood and tissue cultures. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were identical in 128 patients (97.7%, 128/131). The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (86 patients; 85 concordant and one discordant), followed by streptococcus (24 patients; 22 concordant and two discordant), and Escherichia coli (eight patients; all concordant). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that a positive blood culture from patients with pyogenic spondylitis could preclude the need for additional tissue cultures, especially when S. aureus and streptococcus grew in blood cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - U J Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - M-D Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwang-ju, Republic of Korea.
| | - N J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kang SJ, Choi BR, Kim SH, Yi HY, Park HR, Song CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Beneficial effects of dried pomegranate juice concentrated powder on ultraviolet B-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1023-1036. [PMID: 28810554 PMCID: PMC5525583 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-aging effects of pomegranate juice concentrated powder (PCP) in hairless mice following 15 weeks of UVB irradiation (three times a week; 0.18 J/cm2). Skin moisturizing effects were evaluated through skin water, collagen type I and hyaluronan contents, as well as collagen type I and hyaluronan synthesis-related transcript levels. Wrinkle formation and edema scores (skin weights) were also assessed, along with skin matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-9 and MMP-13 transcript levels. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of PCP, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 contents were observed. Caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were used as an apoptotic index in epidermal keratinocytes. To determine the anti-oxidative effects of PCP, nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal immunoreactive cells were detected and glutathione (GSH) content, malondialdehyde levels, superoxide anion production, Nox2, and GSH reductase mRNA expression were all measured. The results indicated that skin wrinkles induced by photoaging were significantly reduced by PCP, whereas skin water contents, collagen type I and hyaluronan contents all increased. Furthermore, IL-1β levels in the PCP-treated groups were lower than those in the UVB-exposed control group. UVB-induced GSH depletion was also inhibited by PCP. Taken together, the results of the current study suggest that PCP has favorable protective effects against UVB-induced photoaging through anti-apoptotic effects, MMP activity inhibition and ECM (COL1 and hyaluronan) synthesis-related moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Rak Choi
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 13946, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Kim
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 13946, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yeon Yi
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 13946, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 13946, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
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Kim CG, Lee JE, Jeong DG, Lee YH, Park SI, Lee DG, Han CH, Kang SJ, Song CH, Choi SH, Lee YJ, Ku SK. Bathing effects of east saline groundwater concentrates on allergic (atopic) dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in hairless mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3448-3466. [PMID: 28587425 PMCID: PMC5450751 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, it was evaluated whether east saline groundwater concentration solution (ESGWc) exerted a favorable inhibitory effect on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced allergic/atopic-like dermatitis (AD). AD was induced and boosted by sensitization with DNCB via topical application on the dorsal back skins. Mice with DNCB-induced AD were bathed in 100-, 200- and 400-fold diluted ESGWc. After 6 weeks bathing, changes to body weight, clinical skin severity scores, scratching behavior, serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, submandibular lymph node and spleen weights, splenic cytokine levels, skin cytokine mRNA expressions, antioxidant defense systems and superoxide anion productions were recorded to determine the effects of bathing on the histopathology of dorsal back skin tissues. All DNCB-induced mice demonstrated that the induction of AD through IgE-mediated hypersensitivities, oxidative stresses, activation of MMP and apoptosis of keratinocytes resulted in no significant differences in body weight between the different groups at each time point following initial sensitization. However, markers of DNCB-induced AD were significantly inhibited (P<0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner following bathing in all concentrations of ESGWc. The results obtained in the present study suggest that bathing in ESGWc may have favorable protective effects against DNCB-induced AD due to favorable systemic and local immunomodulatory effects, active cytoprotective anti-apoptotic effects, inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinase activity, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Gon Kim
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Geum Jeong
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Ho Lee
- Biological Oceanography and Marine Biology Division, KIOST, Ansan, Gyeonggi 15627, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Han
- Department of Medical History and Literature Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lee YK, Lee TS, Song IH, Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Kim MW, Ryu SH, Jung IH, Kim JS, Park YS. Inhibition of pulmonary cancer progression by epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted transfection with Bcl-2 and survivin siRNAs. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:335-43. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Sung HH, Choo SH, Ko M, Kang SJ, Chae MR, Kam SC, Han DH, So I, Lee SW. Increased expression of TRPC4 channels associated with erectile dysfunction in diabetes. Andrology 2014; 2:550-8. [PMID: 24782410 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent reports, an association between altered TRPC channel function and the development of various diabetic complications has drawn the attention of many investigators. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TRPC4 channels of corpus smooth muscle (CSM) cells in diabetes, and to evaluate the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and altered TRPC4 channel function. The expression of TRPC4 in the penile tissue of human, normal and diabetic rat was investigated using RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vivo gene transfer of dominant negative (DN) TRPC4 into the CSM of rat was conducted. In vivo pelvic nerve stimulation was performed to measure erectile function. Expression of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6 in human and rat CSM tissues was confirmed by RT-PCR, western blot and IHC. In the diabetic rat, the expression levels of mRNA and protein of the TRPC4, and TRPC6 were significantly increased compared to control rats (p < 0.05). The change in TRPC4 expression in the diabetic rats was higher than those of the other TRPC subunits (p < 0.05). The IHC showed that only TRPC4 expression had a higher intensity in the diabetes compared to normal rats (p < 0.05). Gene transfection with TRPC4(DN) into the diabetic rats restored erectile function to levels similar to that of normal controls. Gene expression of TRPC4(DN) in CSM tissue was confirmed by RT-PCR 2 weeks after transfection. This study demonstrated that TRPC4 channel expression increased in the penile CSM cells of diabetic rats. The down-regulation of TRPC4 with DN form restored erectile function in the diabetic rats. The alteration of TRPC4 channel is one of pathophysiology of ED and could be a target for drug development for ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Sung
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang SJ, Kim JW, Kim KY, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Protective effects of calcium gluconate on osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Orthop Surg Res 2014; 9:14. [PMID: 24602500 PMCID: PMC3973837 DOI: 10.1186/1749-799x-9-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine whether calcium gluconate exerts protective effects on osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection and partial medial meniscectomy. Methods Calcium gluconate was administered by mouth daily for 84 days to male ACL transected and partial medial meniscectomized Sprague–Dawley rats 1 week after operation. Results Eighty-four days of treatment with 50 mg/kg calcium gluconate led to a lower degree of articular stiffness and cartilage damage compared to the OA control, possibly through inhibition of overexpressed cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and related chondrocyte apoptosis. Similar favorable effects on stiffness and cartilage were detected in calcium gluconate-administered rats. Additionally, calcium gluconate increased 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake based on observation of BrdU-immunoreactive cells on both the femur and tibia articular surface cartilages 84 days after intra-joint treatment with calcium gluconate. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrate that calcium gluconate has a protective effect against OA through inhibition of COX-2 and related chondrocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-715, Repulic of Korea.
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Lee KY, Kang SJ, Bae YJ, Lee KY, Kim JH, Lee I, Lee BJ. Backbone 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments and secondary structure prediction of NifU-like protein, HP1492 from Helicobacter Pylori. Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2013. [DOI: 10.6564/jkmrs.2013.17.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bak S, Kang SJ, Suzuki T, Yoshida M, Fujiwara T, Akutsu H. Improved Purification of Thermophilic FoF1-ATP Synthase c-Subunit Rings and Solid-State NMR Characterization of Them in Different Lipid Membranes. Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2013. [DOI: 10.6564/jkmrs.2013.17.2.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kang SJ, Kim DH, Lee BJ. NMR study on small proteins from Helicobacter pylori for antibiotic target discovery: a review. Molecules 2013; 18:13410-24. [PMID: 24177697 PMCID: PMC6269979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the widespread and increasing appearance of antibiotic resistance, a new strategy is needed for developing novel antibiotics. Especially, there are no specific antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). H. pylori are bacteria that live in the stomach and are related to many serious gastric problems such as peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Because of its importance as a human pathogen, it's worth studying the structure and function of the proteins from H. pylori. After the sequencing of the H. pylori strain 26695 in 1997, more than 1,600 genes were identified from H. pylori. Until now, the structures of 334 proteins from H. pylori have been determined. Among them, 309 structures were determined by X-ray crystallography and 25 structures by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), respectively. Overall, the structures of large proteins were determined by X-ray crystallography and those of small proteins by NMR. In our lab, we have studied the structural and functional characteristics of small proteins from H. pylori. In this review, 25 NMR structures of H. pylori proteins will be introduced and their structure-function relationships will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Kang SJ, Lee BJ. Solid-state NMR Study on Membrane Protein Structure in Biological Condition. Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2012. [DOI: 10.6564/jkmrs.2012.16.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim YS, Kang SJ, Kim JW, Cho HR, Moon SB, Kim KY, Lee HS, Han CH, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Effects of Polycan, a β-glucan, on experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:800-10. [PMID: 22780690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Polycan is a promising candidate for the treatment of periodontal disease. This study was undertaken to examine whether Polycan, a type of β-glucan, has a protective effect on ligature-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss in Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Polycan was orally administered, daily, for 10 d, at 21.25, 42.5 or 85 mg/kg, beginning 1 d after ligation. Changes in body weight and alveolar bone loss were monitored, and the anti-inflammatory effects of Polycan were determined by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival tissue. We also evaluated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as a measure of the antioxidant effect. RESULTS Ligature placement led to a marked decrease in body weight, increased alveolar bone loss and increased concentrations of MPO, IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA, as well as increased iNOS activity and inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased collagen-fiber content. Histological examination revealed increases in the number and activity of osteoclast cells, decreases in alveolar bone volume and elevated percentages of osteclasts on the alveolar bone surface. Daily oral treatment with 42.5 or 85 mg/kg of Polycan for 10 d led to significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the effect of ligature placement. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that 10 d of oral treatment with Polycan effectively inhibits ligature placement-induced periodontitis and related alveolar bone loss via an antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Korea
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Kang SJ, Ji HY, Lee BJ. Anticancer activity of undecapeptide analogues derived from antimicrobial peptide, Brevinin-1EMa. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:791-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Park SJ, Kim HH, Jung YS, Kang SJ, Cheong HK, Song HK, Lee BJ. Backbone resonances assignment of 19 kDa CD1 domain of human mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase, Bub1. Biomol NMR Assign 2012; 6:109-113. [PMID: 21904986 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-011-9336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bub1 is an evolutionarily conserved mitotic checkpoint control protein that is present in diverse organisms including yeast and humans. Bub1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase and is required for recruitment of Mad1, Mad2, Bub3, and CENP-E to kinetochores (Sharp-Baker and Chen in J Cell Biol 153:1239-1250, 2001). The evolutionarily conserved amino acid region in the N-terminus has been called as the CD1 domain. To clarify the action mechanism of Bub1 in controlling check point signals, we initiated an NMR structure determination of the Bub1 CD1 domain. Here, we report the sequence-specific backbone resonance assignments of CD1 domain of human Bub1 (hBub1CD1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jean Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, 534-2 Yeonsu 3-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, Korea
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Lee CW, Hwang I, Park CS, Lee H, Park DW, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Kim YH, Park SW, Park SJ. Innate immunity markers in culprit plaques of acute myocardial infarction or stable angina. Biomarkers 2012; 17:209-15. [PMID: 22423609 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.651158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the innate immunity markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid P component (SAP) and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in coronary atherectomy tissues obtained from patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n=27) or stable angina (n=15). The relative areas immunopositive for CRP and SAP were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the proportion of areas immunopositive for PTX-3 and MMP-9 was higher in the STEMI group, compared to the stable angina group. PTX-3 or MMP-9-stained areas largely overlapped with those positive for CD68. We concluded that PTX-3 plays a role in the pathogenesis of STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Whan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Takayama Y, Taketa-Sato M, Komori H, Morita K, Kang SJ, Higuchi Y, Akutsu H. Role of π-Electron Systems in Stabilization of the Oxidized Tetraheme Architecture in Cytochromec3. BCSJ 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lee CW, Hwang I, Park CS, Lee H, Park DW, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Kim YH, Park SW, Park SJ. Comparison of differential expression of P2Y₁₂ receptor in culprit coronary plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction versus stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 2011; 108:799-803. [PMID: 21726836 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
P2Y₁₂ receptor antagonists may have pleiotropic benefits. Little is known, however, about the expression of P2Y₁₂ receptors in coronary atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated the expression of P2Y₁₂ receptor in coronary atherectomy tissues retrieved from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or stable angina pectoris (SAP). Tissue specimens were collected from 35 patients with AMI and 19 with SAP who underwent directional coronary atherectomy. Specimens were analyzed immunohistochemically using antibodies specific to P2Y₁₂ receptor and to markers of endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. The 2 groups had similar baseline clinical characteristics. Plaque types were more likely to be cellular in the AMI group. The proportion of areas immunopositive for α-smooth muscle actin was smaller but those positive for CD31 and CD68 were larger in the AMI than in the SAP group. In addition, the relative area immunopositive for P2Y₁₂ receptor was significantly larger for AMI than SAP (1.1 ± 0.9% vs 0.5 ± 0.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). P2Y₁₂ receptor positivity coincided with areas positive for CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin. In conclusion, P2Y₁₂ receptor is present in coronary atherosclerotic plaques and is increased in culprit plaques of patients with AMI. P2Y₁₂ receptor may play a role in plaque destabilization.
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Nam CW, Kang SJ, Kang YK, Kwak MK. Cell growth inhibition and apoptosis by SDS-solubilized single-walled carbon nanotubes in normal rat kidney epithelial cells. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:661-9. [PMID: 21544732 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), promising novel nanomaterials, have been applied to drug delivery and bio-imaging; however, their potential harmful effects on human health and environment have gained much attention recently. In the present study, we investigated cytotoxic effect of solubilized single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), which were dispersed in water by sodium dodesyl sulfate (SDS), in normal rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52E). SDS-SWCNT (0.125-10 μg/mL)-treated NRK-52E cells showed decreased cell viability and enhanced cytotoxicity marker levels following 24-48 h incubation. In addition, SDS-SWCNT treatment evoked the cell growth inhibition: 8 μg/mL SDS-SWCNT induced the growth arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase and levels of cell cycle-related proteins such as CDK2, CDK6 and phosphorylated-retinoblastoma (pRB) were significantly reduced by CNT. Whereas, at higher concentration of SDS-SWCNT, the percentage of cell numbers in apoptotic sub-G(1) phase was substantially increased. Along with these changes, SDS-SWCNT treatment elevated protein levels for p53 and p21 with a concomitant increase in the single strand DNA breakage. Taken together, these results suggest that SDS-solubilized SWCNTs exert genotoxic effect in renal epithelial cells, and p53-dependent signaling can be associated with the growth arrest and apoptosis events upon CNT-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Won Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-749, Korea
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Lee CW, Hwang I, Park CS, Lee H, Park DW, Kang SJ, Lee SH, Kim YH, Park SW, Park SJ. Comparison of ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 expression in culprit plaques between acute myocardial infarction and stable angina. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64:399-404. [PMID: 21345877 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.088484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs) proteases might contribute to plaque destabilisation by weakening the fibrous cap. However, little is known about the expression of ADAMTS proteases in coronary atherosclerotic plaques. OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of ADAMTS proteases in coronary atherectomy samples obtained from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or stable angina. METHODS Atherectomy specimens were obtained from 34 patients with AMI (n=23) or stable angina (n=11) who underwent directional coronary atherectomy. The specimens were stained with H&E and analysed immunohistochemically using antibodies specific to ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5; versican cleavage products; and markers for endothelial cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. The proportion of CD31 and CD68 immunopositive areas did not differ between the two groups, but the area immunopositive for smooth muscle α-actin was smaller in the AMI group. The relative area immunopositive for ADAMTS-1 in AMI (1.04% (IQR 0.59-2.09%)) was significantly greater than that in stable angina (0.24% (0.15-0.39%); p<0.001). In contrast, the proportion of areas immunopositive for ADAMTS-4 or -5 was similar in the two groups. Areas that stained for ADAMTS-1 largely overlapped with those positive for CD68 and versican cleavage products. The areas immunopositive for ADAMTS-1 were significantly correlated with CD68 immunostained areas (r=0.50, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 were present in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques, and ADATS-1 was more strongly expressed in AMI plaques than in stable plaques. ADAMTS-1 may play a role in plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Whan Lee
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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Kim TH, Hur EG, Kang SJ, Kim JA, Thapa D, Lee YM, Ku SK, Jung Y, Kwak MK. NRF2 blockade suppresses colon tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1α. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2260-75. [PMID: 21278237 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor NRF2 is an important modifier of cellular responses to oxidative stress. Although its cytoprotective effects are firmly established, recent evidence suggesting important roles in cancer pathobiology has yet to be mechanistically developed. In the current study, we investigated the role of NRF2 in colon tumor angiogenesis. Stable RNAi-mediated knockdown of NRF2 in human colon cancer cells suppressed tumor growth in mouse xenograft settings with a concomitant reduction in blood vessel formation and VEGF expression. Similar antiangiogenic effects of NRF2 knockdown were documented in chick chorioallantoic membrane assays and endothelial tube formation assays. Notably, NRF2-inhibited cancer cells failed to accumulate HIF-1α protein under hypoxic conditions, limiting expression of VEGF and other HIF-1α target genes. In these cells, HIF-1α was hydroxylated but pharmacological inhibition of PHD domain-containing prolyl hydroxylases was sufficient to restore hypoxia-induced accumulation of HIF-1α. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that reduced mitochondrial O(2) consumption in NRF2-inhibited cells was probably responsible for HIF-1α degradation during hypoxia; cellular O(2) consumption and ATP production were lower in NRF2 knockdown cells than in control cells. Our findings offer novel insights into how cellular responses to O(2) and oxidative stress are integrated in cancer cells, and they highlight NRF2 as a candidate molecular target to control tumor angiogenesis by imposing a blockade to HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
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Tarutani S, Tamaoki H, Tsubaki H, Takahashi T, Takizawa H, Takahashi H, Kang SJ. Characterizing Polymer bound PAG Type EUV Resist. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2011. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.24.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thackeray JW, Jain VJ, Coley S, Christianson M, Arriola D, LaBeaume P, Kang SJ, Wagner M, Sung JW, Cameron J. Optimization of Polymer-bound PAG (PBP) for 20nm EUV Lithography. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2011. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.24.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Won HS, Kang SJ, Choi WS, Lee BJ. Activity optimization of an undecapeptide analogue derived from a frog-skin antimicrobial peptide. Mol Cells 2011; 31:49-54. [PMID: 21110126 PMCID: PMC3906872 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While natural antimicrobial peptides are potential therapeutic agents, their physicochemical properties and bioactivity generally need to be enhanced for clinical and commercial development. We have previously developed a cationic, amphipathic α-helical, 11-residue peptide (named herein GA-W2: FLGWLFKWASK-NH₂) with potent antimicrobial and hemolytic activity, which was derived from a 24-residue, natural antimicrobial peptide isolated from frog skin. Here, we attempted to optimize peptide bioactivity by a rational approach to sequence modification. Seven analogues were generated from GA-W2, and their activities were compared with that of a 12-residue peptide, omiganan, which is being developed for clinical and commercial applications. Most of the modifications reported here improved antimicrobial activity. Among them, the GA-K4AL (FAKWAFKWLKK-NH₂) peptide displayed the most potent antimicrobial activity with negligible hemolytic activity, superior to that of omiganan. The therapeutic index of GA-K4AL was improved more than 53- and more than 31-fold against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, compared to that of the starting peptide, GA-W2. Given its relatively shorter length and simpler amino acid composition, our sequence-optimized GA-K4AL peptide may thus be a potentially useful antimicrobial peptide agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sik Won
- Structural Research Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Wahn-Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Lee
- Structural Research Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Promeditech Inc., Seoul 151-011, Korea
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Kang SJ, Son WS, Han KD, Mishig-Ochir T, Kim DW, Kim JI, Lee BJ. Solution structure of antimicrobial peptide esculentin-1c from skin secretion of Rana esculenta. Mol Cells 2010; 30:435-41. [PMID: 20848230 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Granular glands in the skins of frogs synthesize and secrete a remarkably diverse range of peptides capable of antimicrobial activity. These anuran skin antimicrobial peptides are commonly hydrophobic, cationic and form an amphipathic α-helix in a membrane mimetic solution. Recently, they have been considered as useful target molecules for developing new antibiotics drugs. Esculentin-1c is a 46-amino acid residue peptide isolated from skin secretions of the European frog, Rana esculenta. It displays the most potent antimicrobial activity among bioactive molecules. Esculentin-1c has the longest amino acids among all antimicrobial peptides. The present study solved the solution structure of esculentin-1c in TFE/water by NMR, for the first time. We conclude that this peptide is comprised of three α-helices with each helix showing amphipathic characteristics, which seems to be a key part for permeating into bacterial membranes, thus presenting antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Kang JH, Choi NK, Kang SJ, Yang SY, Ko HM, Jung JY, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim WJ, Oh WM, Kim BY, Kim SH. Alendronate affects cartilage resorption by regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:786-93. [PMID: 20432372 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine effects of alendronate on the tibial proximal epiphyseal cartilage undergoing endochondral ossification and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the cartilage. Alendronate was injected subcutaneously every other day in postnatal Day 1 Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after the first injection. The effect of alendronate treatment for 10 days was demonstrated from the morphological change that the area of the secondary ossification center in the epiphysis was significantly smaller in the alendronate group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Strong immunoreactivity to VEGF was observed in the hypertrophied chondrocytes and some proliferating chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage at postnatal Day 5 and was decreased after the alendronate treatment for 5 days. Immunoreactivity was observed in not only hypertrophied cells but also the peripheral cartilaginous matrix adjacent to the vascular canals invading into the central portion of the cartilage at postnatal Day 7. This reactivity was also reduced considerably by the alendronate treatment for 7 days. The level of VEGF expression was reduced by the alendronate treatment at both the transcription and translation levels. However, the transcriptional level of the flt-1 and flk-1 receptors was relatively unaltered by the treatment. These results suggest that VEGF expression is required for vascular invasion into the developing cartilage and alendronate can affect its resorption by downregulating VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, Second Stage Brain Korea, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Kang SJ, Won HS, Choi WS, Lee BJ. De novo generation of antimicrobial LK peptides with a single tryptophan at the critical amphipathic interface. J Pept Sci 2009; 15:583-8. [PMID: 19544481 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
De novo design of amphipathic model peptides has been successful for generating many antimicrobial peptides with various lengths and amino acid compositions. Here, we suggest a very simple strategy to design antimicrobial peptides with a short length and a simple amino acid composition. Amphipathic helical properties were conferred by using only leucines and lysines and a single tryptophan was positioned at the critical amphipathic interface between the hydrophilic ending side and the hydrophobic starting side, in the helical wheel projection. According to this rule, the model peptides with 7 to 13 residues exhibited antimicrobial activity. Among them, the most potent activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, covering all of the nine bacterial strains tested in this study, was found for the 11-mer sequences having a 1:1 (L(5)K(5)W(6)) or a 3:2 (L(6)K(4)W(6)) ratio of leucines to lysines. In particular, the former peptide L(5)K(5)W(6) could be evaluated as the most useful agent, as it showed no significant hemolytic activity with a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Kim YK, Chin JH, Kang SJ, Jun IG, Song JG, Jeong SM, Park JY, Hwang GS. Association between central venous pressure and blood loss during hepatic resection in 984 living donors. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53:601-6. [PMID: 19419353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although low central venous pressure (CVP) anesthesia has been used to minimize blood loss during hepatectomy, the efficacy of this technique remains controversial. We therefore assessed the association between blood loss and CVP during hepatic resection, and examined significant determinants associated with intraoperative hemorrhage during hepatectomy in living donors. METHODS Between April 2004 and April 2008, 984 living donors who underwent a hepatic resection were assessed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between intraoperative blood loss and several variables including CVP. RESULTS The mean intraoperative blood loss was 691.3 +/- 365.5 ml. Only four donors required packed red blood cell transfusions (mean, 1.5 U). The mean duration of hepatic resection was 92.1 +/- 26.3 min. The mean, maximum, and minimum values of CVP measured during hepatectomy were 4.6 +/- 1.7, 5.3 +/- 1.8, and 4.0 +/- 1.8 mmHg, respectively, and were not significantly correlated with intraoperative blood loss. On multivariate analysis, predictors of hemorrhage were liver fatty change, gender, and body weight, but none of the mean CVP, surgeons, anesthesiologists, anesthesia duration, resected liver volume, hepatectomy type, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, or body temperature were significant. CONCLUSIONS CVP during hepatic resection was not associated with intraoperative blood loss in living liver donors, suggesting that CVP may not be an important factor in predicting blood loss during hepatectomy in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Singh SR, Grossniklaus HE, Kang SJ, Edelhauser HF, Ambati BK, Kompella UB. Intravenous transferrin, RGD peptide and dual-targeted nanoparticles enhance anti-VEGF intraceptor gene delivery to laser-induced CNV. Gene Ther 2009; 16:645-59. [PMID: 19194480 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leads to loss of vision in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in adult population over 50 years old. In this study, we developed intravenously administered, nanoparticulate, targeted nonviral retinal gene delivery systems for the management of CNV. CNV was induced in Brown Norway rats using a 532 nm laser. We engineered transferrin, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide or dual-functionalized poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to target delivery of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intraceptor plasmid to CNV lesions. Anti-VEGF intraceptor is the only intracellularly acting VEGF inhibitory modality. The results of the study show that nanoparticles allow targeted delivery to the neovascular eye but not the control eye on intravenous administration. Functionalizing the nanoparticle surface with transferrin, a linear RGD peptide or both increased the retinal delivery of nanoparticles and subsequently the intraceptor gene expression in retinal vascular endothelial cells, photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelial cells when compared to nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Most significantly, the CNV areas were significantly smaller in rats treated with functionalized nanoparticles as compared to the ones treated with vehicle or nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Thus, surface-functionalized nanoparticles allow targeted gene delivery to the neovascular eye on intravenous administration and inhibit the progression of laser-induced CNV in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Won HS, Kang SJ, Lee BJ. Action mechanism and structural requirements of the antimicrobial peptides, gaegurins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1788:1620-9. [PMID: 19059199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gaegurins (GGNs) are a family of cationic, alpha-helical, antimicrobial peptides that were isolated from a Korean frog, Glandirana emeljanovi (formerly classified as Rana rugosa) and represent one of the structurally well-characterized groups. Among six gaegurins, gaegurin 4 (renamed herein esculentin-2EM), gaegurin 5 (brevinin-1EMa), and gaegurin 6 (brevinin-1EMb) have been investigated comprehensively in terms of structure-activity relationships. In this paper, we first suggest renaming of gaegurins according to a recently raised rule of systematic nomenclature. Then, the current understanding of gaegurins is reviewed by summarizing their structure-activity relationships. In particular competing arguments on gaegurins are synthetically inspected. Finally their action mechanism and structural requirements will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sik Won
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, South Korea.
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Moon SY, Lee BH, Seo SW, Kang SJ, Na DL. Slow vertical saccades in the frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease. J Neurol 2008; 255:1337-43. [PMID: 18825435 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular motor abnormalities play an important role in differential diagnoses of Pick complex diseases. OBJECTIVES We evaluated how frequently supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment was observed in patients with frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND). In addition, we tried to characterize their vertical saccadic abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients with FTD-MND were recruited. Supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment on gross examination was defined as slow saccades with or without reduction in the final amplitude of the movement accompanied by intact oculocephalic reflex. We also recorded their saccades in 6 out of 11 patients using 2-dimensional videooculography (VOG). We measured the amplitude and peak velocity of each saccade. RESULTS On bedside examination, supranuclear vertical saccadic impairment was observed in 9 of 11 patients. One of the two remaining patients could not be evaluated due to poor cooperation and the other showed normal saccades. Five of nine patients with ocular abnormalities and one patient with normal saccade on gross examination underwent the VOG studies. The results showed that all the five patients with gross ocular abnormalities, compared with age-matched controls, had slowing of vertical saccades. Three out of five patients also showed slowing even in the large horizontal saccades. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that slow vertical saccades are common in FTDMND. FTD-MND could be another disease that affects vertical gaze among Pick complex disease. Future pathologic studies are needed to confirm the involvement of the burst neurons in the dorsal midbrain in patients with FTDMND.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Moon
- Dept. of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
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