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Na SJ, Kim YK, Park JM. Nectar Characteristics and Honey Production Potential of Five Rapeseed Cultivars and Two Wildflower Species in South Korea. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:419. [PMID: 38337952 PMCID: PMC10856812 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The growing beekeeping industry in South Korea has led to the establishment of new honey plant complexes. However, studies on honey production from each species are limited. This study aimed to assess the honey production potential of various Brassica napus cultivars and two wildflower species. The nectar characteristics of B. napus varied significantly among the cultivars. Absolute sugar concentrations differed among the cultivars, but sugar composition ratios were similar. In contrast, the amino acid content remained relatively uniform regarding percentage values, irrespective of the absolute concentrations. Estimations of honey potential production per hectare (kg/ha) resulted in the following ranking among cultivars: 'JM7003' (107.1) > 'YS' (73.0) > 'JM7001' (63.7) > 'TL' (52.7) > 'TM' (42.4). The nectar volume of Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum and Leonurus japonicus increased during the flowering stage. P. rotundum var. subintegrum was sucrose-rich and L. japonicus was sucrose-dominant. Both species predominantly contained phenylalanine, P. rotundum var. subintegrum had glutamine as the second most abundant amino acid, and L. japonicus had tyrosine. The honey production potential was 152.4 kg/ha for P. rotundum var. subintegrum and 151.3 kg/ha for L. japonicus. These findings provide a basis for identifying food resources for pollinators and selecting plant species to establish honey plant complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Joon Na
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea; (Y.-K.K.); (J.-M.P.)
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Kwon EB, Kim YS, Kim B, Kim SG, Na SJ, Go Y, Choi HM, Lee HJ, Han SM, Choi JG. Korean Chestnut Honey Suppresses HSV-1 Infection by Regulating the ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1935. [PMID: 38001788 PMCID: PMC10669648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthoherpesviridae family. It causes serious neurological diseases of the central nervous system, such as encephalitis. The current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for preventing HSV-1 infection include acyclovir (ACV) and valacyclovir; however, their long-term use causes severe side effects and often results in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, it is important to discover new antiviral agents that are safe and effective against HSV-1 infection. Korean chestnut honey (KCH) has various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation effects; however, antiviral effects against HSV-1 have not yet been reported. Therefore, we determined the antiviral activity and mechanism of action of KCH after HSV-1 infection on the cellular level. KCH inhibited the HSV-1 infection of host cells through binding and virucidal steps. KCH decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) following HSV-1 infection and suppressed the production of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) activity. Furthermore, we found that KCH inhibited the expression of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome during HSV-1 infection. Taken together, the antiviral effects of KCH occur through multiple targets, including the inhibition of viral replication and the ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Our findings suggest that KCH has potential for the treatment of HSV-1 infection and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Buyun Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Gun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Na
- Special Forest Resources Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Min Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Kovacs DM, Mancini R, Henderson J, Na SJ, Schmidt SD, Kim TW, Tanzi RE. Staurosporine-induced activation of caspase-3 is potentiated by presenilin 1 familial Alzheimer's disease mutations in human neuroglioma cells. J Neurochem 1999; 73:2278-85. [PMID: 10582585 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0732278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutant forms of presenilin 1 (PS1) and 2 have been shown to sensitize cells to apoptotic cell death. Here we explore the effects of FAD mutant forms of PS1 on caspase activation during apoptosis. We show that caspase activation leads to increased generation of alternative C-terminal fragments (CTFs) from mutant as compared to wild-type (wt) PS1. For this purpose, very low expression levels of wt, A246E, L286V, and deltaE10 FAD mutant PS1 proteins in stably transfected human H4 neuroglioma cells were used to avoid artifactual induction of spontaneous apoptosis due to overexpression of PS1. Staurosporine treatment of these cells resulted in increased cell death and up to a 10-fold increase in caspase-3 activation in mutant versus wt PS1-expressing cell lines. Correspondingly, relative levels of caspase-cleaved PS1 CTFs were increased by five- to sixfold in the FAD mutant versus wt PS1 cells. Elevated caspase activation and caspase cleavage of FAD mutant PS1 suggest the possibility of either a direct proapoptotic effect of mutant PS1 or interference of mutant PS1 with antiapoptotic effects of wt PS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Kovacs
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital East, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown 02129, USA
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