1
|
Ansari T, Southgate A, Obiri-Yeboa I, Jones LG, Greco K, Olayanju A, Mbundi L, Somasundaram M, Davidson B, Sibbons PD. Development and Characterization of a Porcine Liver Scaffold. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:314-326. [PMID: 31854227 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing number of patients requiring liver transplantation for chronic liver disease cannot be currently met due to a shortage in donor tissue. As such, alternative tissue engineering approaches combining the use of acellular biological scaffolds and different cell populations (hepatic or progenitor) are being explored to augment the demand for functional organs. Our goal was to produce a clinically relevant sized scaffold from a sustainable source within 24 h, while preserving the extracellular matrix (ECM) to facilitate cell repopulation at a later stage. Whole porcine livers underwent perfusion decellularization via the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein using a combination of saponin, sodium deoxycholate, and deionized water washes resulting in an acellular scaffold with an intact vasculature and preserved ECM. Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis (collagen I and IV and laminin) showed complete removal of any DNA material, together with excellent retention of glycosaminoglycans and collagen. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed both absence of nuclear material and removal of any detergent residue, which was successfully achieved after additional ethanol gradient washes. Samples of the decellularized scaffold were assessed for cytotoxicity by seeding with porcine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, these cells over a 10-day period showed attachment and proliferation. Perfusion of the vascular tree with contrast media followed by computed tomography (CT) imaging showed an intact vascular network. In vivo implantation of whole intact nonseeded livers, into a porcine model (as auxiliary graft) showed uniform perfusion macroscopically and histologically. Using this method, it is possible to create an acellular, clinically sized, liver scaffold with intact vasculature in less than 24 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahera Ansari
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Southgate
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Obiri-Yeboa
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren G Jones
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Greco
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Adedamola Olayanju
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Lubinda Mbundi
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Murali Somasundaram
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Davidson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Sibbons
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Francis L, Greco KV, Boccaccini AR, Roether JJ, English NR, Huang H, Ploeg R, Ansari T. Development of a novel hybrid bioactive hydrogel for future clinical applications. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:447-465. [PMID: 30223736 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218794163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional hydrogels are ideal for tissue engineering applications due to their structural integrity and similarity to native soft tissues; however, they can lack mechanical stability. Our objective was to develop a bioactive and mechanically stable hydrogel for clinical application. Auricular cartilage was decellularised using a combination of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions with and without enzymes to produce acellular tissue. Methacryloyl groups were crosslinked with alginate and PVA main chains via 2-aminoethylmathacrylate and the entire macromonomer further crosslinked with the acellular tissue. The resultant hydrogels were characterised for its physicochemical properties (using NMR), in vitro degradation (via GPC analysis), mechanical stability (compression tests) and in vitro biocompatibility (co-culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells). Following decellularisation, the cartilage tissue showed to be acellular at a significant level (DNA content 25.33 ng/mg vs. 351.46 ng/mg control tissue), with good structural and molecular integrity of the retained extra cellular matrix (s-GAG= 0.19 μg/mg vs. 0.65 μg/mg ±0.001 control tissue). Proteomic analysis showed that collagen subtypes and proteoglycans were retained, and SEM and TEM showed preserved matrix ultra-structure. The hybrid hydrogel was successfully cross-linked with biological and polymer components, and it was stable for 30 days in simulated body fluid (poly dispersal index for alginate with tissue was stable at 1.08 and for PVA with tissue was stable at 1.16). It was also mechanically stable (Young's modulus of 0.46 ± 0.31 KPa) and biocompatible, as it was able to support the development of a multi-cellular feature with active cellular proliferation in vitro. We have shown that it is possible to successfully combine biological tissue with both a synthetic and natural polymer and create a hybrid bioactive hydrogel for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Francis
- 1 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, UK
| | - Karin V Greco
- 1 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, UK
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- 2 Department of Materials Science, Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith J Roether
- 2 Department of Materials Science, Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicholas R English
- 3 Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Honglei Huang
- 4 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Transplant Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Ploeg
- 4 Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Transplant Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tahera Ansari
- 1 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Harrow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elliott MJ, Butler CR, Varanou-Jenkins A, Partington L, Carvalho C, Samuel E, Crowley C, Lange P, Hamilton NJ, Hynds RE, Ansari T, Sibbons P, Fierens A, McLaren C, Roebuck D, Wallis C, Muthialu N, Hewitt R, Crabbe D, Janes SM, De Coppi P, Lowdell MW, Birchall MA. Tracheal Replacement Therapy with a Stem Cell-Seeded Graft: Lessons from Compassionate Use Application of a GMP-Compliant Tissue-Engineered Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 6:1458-1464. [PMID: 28544662 PMCID: PMC5689750 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheal replacement for the treatment of end‐stage airway disease remains an elusive goal. The use of tissue‐engineered tracheae in compassionate use cases suggests that such an approach is a viable option. Here, a stem cell‐seeded, decellularized tissue‐engineered tracheal graft was used on a compassionate basis for a girl with critical tracheal stenosis after conventional reconstructive techniques failed. The graft represents the first cell‐seeded tracheal graft manufactured to full good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards. We report important preclinical and clinical data from the case, which ended in the death of the recipient. Early results were encouraging, but an acute event, hypothesized to be an intrathoracic bleed, caused sudden airway obstruction 3 weeks post‐transplantation, resulting in her death. We detail the clinical events and identify areas of priority to improve future grafts. In particular, we advocate the use of stents during the first few months post‐implantation. The negative outcome of this case highlights the inherent difficulties in clinical translation where preclinical in vivo models cannot replicate complex clinical scenarios that are encountered. The practical difficulties in delivering GMP grafts underscore the need to refine protocols for phase I clinical trials. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1458–1464
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Elliott
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Butler
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leanne Partington
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital & UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Carvalho
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital & UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Samuel
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital & UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Crowley
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peggy Lange
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Hamilton
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Fierens
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire McLaren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Roebuck
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Wallis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nagarajan Muthialu
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hewitt
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Crabbe
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital & UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute and The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Greco KV, Jones LG, Obiri-Yeboa I, Ansari T. Creation of an Acellular Vaginal Matrix for Potential Vaginal Augmentation and Cloacal Repair. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2018; 31:473-479. [PMID: 29792924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Our aim was to use porcine vagina to create a vaginal matrix and test its cellular biocompatibility. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Vagina was harvested from pigs and decellularized (DC) using a combination of detergents (Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate) and enzymes (DNAse/RNAse). INTERVENTIONS The presence of cellular material, collagen structural integrity, and basement membrane proteins were assessed histologically. To address cytocompatibility, porcine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were harvested from abdominal fat together with vaginal epithelial cells and seeded onto the mucosal aspect of the vaginal scaffold. Both cell populations were seeded individually and assessed histologically at days 3 and 10. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS The combination of enzymes and detergents resulted in a totally acellular matrix with very low DNA amount (control = 97.5 ng/μL ± 10.8 vs DC = 40.1 ng/μL ± 0.33; P = .02). The extracellular matrix showed retention of collagen fibers and elastin and a 50% retention in glycosaminoglycan content (control = 1.18 μg/mg ± 0.28; DC = 1.35 μg/mg ± 0.1; P = .03) and an intact basement membrane (positive for laminin and collagen IV). Seeded scaffolds showed cell attachment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and vaginal epithelial cells at days 3 and 10. CONCLUSION It is possible to generate an acellular porcine vaginal matrix capable of supporting cells to reconstruct the vagina for future preclinical testing, and holds promise for creating clinically relevant-sized tissue for human application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Vincente Greco
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Grace Jones
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Obiri-Yeboa
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Harrow, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lacerda JZ, Drewes CC, Mimura KKO, Zanon CDF, Ansari T, Gil CD, Greco KV, Farsky SHP, Oliani SM. Annexin A1 2-26 Treatment Improves Skin Heterologous Transplantation by Modulating Inflammation and Angiogenesis Processes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1015. [PMID: 30250432 PMCID: PMC6139386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin graft successful depends on reduction of local inflammation evoked by the surgical lesion and efficient neovascularization to nutrition the graft. It has been shown that N-terminal portion of the Annexin A1 protein (AnxA1) with its anti-inflammatory properties induces epithelial mucosa repair and presents potential therapeutic approaches. The role of AnxA1 on wound healing has not been explored and we investigated in this study the effect of the peptide Ac2-26 (N-terminal AnxA1 peptide Ac2-26; AnxA12-26) on heterologous skin scaffolds transplantation in BALB/c mice, focusing on inflammation and angiogenesis. Treatment with AnxA12-26, once a day, from day 3-60 after scaffold implantation improved the take of the implant, induced vessels formation, enhanced gene and protein levels of the vascular growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast influx into allograft tissue. It also decreased pro- while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. The pro-angiogenic activity of AnxA12-26 was corroborated by topical application of AnxA12-26 on the subcutaneous tissue of mice. Moreover, treatment of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) with AnxA12-26 improved proliferation, shortened cycle, increased migration and actin polymerization similarly to those evoked by VEGF-A. The peptide treatment instead only potentiated the tube formation induced by VEGF-A. Collectively, our data showed that AnxA12-26 treatment favors the tissue regeneration after skin grafting by avoiding exacerbated inflammation and improving the angiogenesis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Zani Lacerda
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carine Cristiane Drewes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline de Freitas Zanon
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Post-Graduation in Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin Vicente Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation in Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang F, Maeda Y, Zachar V, Ansari T, Emmersen J. Regeneration of the oesophageal muscle layer from oesophagus acellular matrix scaffold using adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:271-277. [PMID: 29890132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of constructing a tissue engineered muscle layer in the oesophagus using oesophageal acellular matrix (OAM) scaffolds and human aortic smooth muscle cells (hASMCs) or human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). The second objective was to investigate the effect of hypoxic preconditioning of seeding cells on cell viability and migration depth. Our results demonstrated that hASMCs and hASCs could attach and adhere to the decellularized OAM scaffold and survive and proliferate for at least 7 days depending on the growth conditions. This indicates adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to substitute for smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the construction of tissue engineered oesophageal muscle layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Yasuko Maeda
- Sir Alan Parks Physiology Unit, St. Mark's Hospital, Northwick Park, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Vladimir Zachar
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR), Block Y, Level 3, Northwick Park, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeppe Emmersen
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Olayanju A, Jones L, Greco K, Goldring CE, Ansari T. Application of porcine gastrointestinal organoid units as a potential in vitro tool for drug discovery and development. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:4-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adedamola Olayanju
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR); Harrow, London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Lauren Jones
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR); Harrow, London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Karin Greco
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR); Harrow, London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Christopher E. Goldring
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3GE UK
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR); Harrow, London HA1 3UJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Herrmann P, Ansari T, Southgate A, Varanou Jenkins A, Partington L, Carvalho C, Janes S, Lowdell M, Sibbons PD, Birchall MA. In vivo implantation of a tissue engineered stem cell seeded hemi-laryngeal replacement maintains airway, phonation, and swallowing in pigs. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 13:1943-1954. [PMID: 29048769 DOI: 10.1002/term.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal functional impairment relating to swallowing, vocalisation, and respiration can be life changing and devastating for patients. A tissue engineering approach to regenerating vocal folds would represent a significant advantage over current clinical practice. Porcine hemi-larynx were de-cellularised under negative pressure. The resultant acellular scaffold was seeded with human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and primary human epithelial cells. Seeded scaffolds were implanted orthotopically into a defect created in the thyroid cartilage in 8 pigs and monitored in vivo for 2 months. In vivo assessments consisted of mucosal brushing and bronchoscopy at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post implantation followed by histological evaluation post termination. The implanted graft had no adverse effect on respiratory function in 6 of the 8 pigs; none of the pigs had problems with swallowing or vocalisation. Six out of the 8 animals survived to the planned termination date; 2 animals were terminated due to mild stenosis and deep tissue abscess formation, respectively. Human epithelial cells from mucosal brushings could only be identified at Weeks 1 and 4. The explanted tissue showed complete epithelialisation of the mucosal surface and the development of rudimentary vocal folds. However, there was no evidence of cartilage remodelling at the relatively early censor point. Single stage partial laryngeal replacement is a safe surgical procedure. Replacement with a tissue engineered laryngeal graft as a single procedure is surgically feasible and results in appropriate mucosal coverage and rudimentary vocal fold development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Herrmann
- NPIMR, Harrow, UK.,UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - A Varanou Jenkins
- Department Lungs for Living Research Centre, Division of Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Partington
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Carvalho
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Janes
- Department Lungs for Living Research Centre, Division of Medicine, Rayne Building, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - M A Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Maughan EF, Butler CR, Crowley C, Teoh GZ, den Hondt M, Hamilton NJ, Hynds RE, Lange P, Ansari T, Urbani L, Janes SM, de Coppi P, Birchall MA, Elliott MJ. A comparison of tracheal scaffold strategies for pediatric transplantation in a rabbit model. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:E449-E457. [PMID: 28776693 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Despite surgical advances, childhood tracheal stenosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Various tracheal scaffold strategies have been developed as the basis for bioengineered substitutes, but there is no consensus on which may be superior in vivo. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in morbidity and mortality between three competing scaffold strategies in rabbits. STUDY DESIGN Pilot preclinical study. METHODS Tracheal scaffolds were prepared by three methods that have been applied clinically and reported: preserved cadaveric ("Herberhold") allografts, detergent-enzymatically decellularized allografts, and synthetic scaffolds (nanocomposite polymer [polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU)]). Scaffolds were implanted into cervical trachea of New Zealand White rabbits (n = 4 per group) without cell seeding. Control animals (n = 4) received autotransplanted tracheal segments using the same technique. Animals underwent bronchoscopic monitoring of the grafts for 30 days. Macroscopic evaluation of tissue integration, graft stenosis, and collapsibility and histological examinations were performed on explants at termination. RESULTS All surgical controls survived to termination without airway compromise. Mild to moderate anastomotic stenosis from granulation tissue was detected, but there was evidence suggestive of vascular reconnection with minimal fibrous encapsulation. In contrast, three of the four animals in the Herberhold and POSS-PCU groups, and all animals receiving decellularized allografts, required early termination due to respiratory distress. Herberhold grafts showed intense inflammatory reactions, anastomotic stenoses, and mucus plugging. Synthetic graft integration and vascularization were poor, whereas decellularized grafts demonstrated malacia and collapse but had features suggestive of vascular connection or revascularization. CONCLUSIONS There are mirror-image benefits and drawbacks to nonrecellularized, decellularized, and synthetic grafts, such that none emerged as the preferred option. Results from prevascularized and/or cell-seeded grafts (as applied clinically) may elucidate clearer advantages of one scaffold type over another. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 127:E449-E457, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Maughan
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Crowley
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gui Zhen Teoh
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Centre of Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Margot den Hondt
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas J Hamilton
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat, Nose, and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peggy Lange
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Urbani
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo de Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat, Nose, and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Elliott
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Elliott MJ, Butler CR, Varanou-Jenkins A, Partington L, Carvalho C, Samuel E, Crowley C, Lange P, Hamilton NJ, Hynds RE, Ansari T, Sibbons P, Fierens A, McLaren C, Roebuck D, Wallis C, Muthialu N, Hewitt R, Crabbe D, Janes SM, De Coppi P, Lowdell MW, Birchall MA. Tracheal Replacement Therapy with a Stem Cell-Seeded Graft: Lessons from Compassionate Use Application of a GMP-Compliant Tissue-Engineered Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017. [PMID: 28544662 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0443.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheal replacement for the treatment of end-stage airway disease remains an elusive goal. The use of tissue-engineered tracheae in compassionate use cases suggests that such an approach is a viable option. Here, a stem cell-seeded, decellularized tissue-engineered tracheal graft was used on a compassionate basis for a girl with critical tracheal stenosis after conventional reconstructive techniques failed. The graft represents the first cell-seeded tracheal graft manufactured to full good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards. We report important preclinical and clinical data from the case, which ended in the death of the recipient. Early results were encouraging, but an acute event, hypothesized to be an intrathoracic bleed, caused sudden airway obstruction 3 weeks post-transplantation, resulting in her death. We detail the clinical events and identify areas of priority to improve future grafts. In particular, we advocate the use of stents during the first few months post-implantation. The negative outcome of this case highlights the inherent difficulties in clinical translation where preclinical in vivo models cannot replicate complex clinical scenarios that are encountered. The practical difficulties in delivering GMP grafts underscore the need to refine protocols for phase I clinical trials. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1458-1464.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Elliott
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Butler
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leanne Partington
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital & UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Carvalho
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital & UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Samuel
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital & UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Crowley
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peggy Lange
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Hamilton
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Fierens
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire McLaren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Roebuck
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Wallis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nagarajan Muthialu
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hewitt
- Tracheal Team, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Crabbe
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital and UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital & UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute and The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Greco KV, Francis L, Huang H, Ploeg R, Boccaccini AR, Ansari T. Is quercetin an alternative natural crosslinking agent to genipin for long‐term dermal scaffolds implantation? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1716-e1724. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin V. Greco
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR) Watford Rd Harrow Middlesex UK
| | - Lydia Francis
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR) Watford Rd Harrow Middlesex UK
| | - Honglei Huang
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences DivisionUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Rutger Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences DivisionUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science, Engineering, Institute of BiomaterialsUniversity of Erlangen Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research (NPIMR) Watford Rd Harrow Middlesex UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mimura KKO, Moraes AR, Miranda AC, Greco R, Ansari T, Sibbons P, Greco KV, Oliani SM. Mechanisms underlying heterologous skin scaffold-mediated tissue remodeling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35074. [PMID: 27725772 PMCID: PMC5057165 DOI: 10.1038/srep35074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatibility of two newly developed porcine skin scaffolds was assessed after 3, 14, 21 and 90 days of implantation in rats. Both scaffolds showed absence of cells, preservation of ECM and mechanical properties comparable to non-decellularised skin before implantation. Host cell infiltration was much prominent on both scaffolds when compared to Permacol (surgical control). At day 3, the grafts were surrounded by polymorphonuclear cells, which were replaced by a notable number of IL-6-positive cells at day 14. Simultaneously, the number of pro-inflammatory M1-macrophage was enhanced. Interestingly, a predominant pro-remodeling M2 response, with newly formed vessels, myofibroblasts activation and a shift on the type of collagen expression was sequentially delayed (around 21 days). The gene expression of some trophic factors involved in tissue remodeling was congruent with the cellular events. Our findings suggested that the responsiveness of macrophages after non-crosslinked skin scaffolds implantation seemed to intimately affect various cell responses and molecular events; and this range of mutually reinforcing actions was predictive of a positive tissue remodeling that was essential for the long-standing success of the implants. Furthermore, our study indicates that non-crosslinked biologic scaffold implantation is biocompatible to the host tissue and somehow underlying molecular events involved in tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kallyne K O Mimura
- Post-Graduation in Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Andréia R Moraes
- Department of Biology; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Aline C Miranda
- Department of Biology; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), London, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), London, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), London, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karin V Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, University College London (UCL), London, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia M Oliani
- Post-Graduation in Structural and Functional Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil.,Department of Biology; Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas; São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ansari T, Lange P, Southgate A, Greco K, Carvalho C, Partington L, Bullock A, MacNeil S, Lowdell MW, Sibbons PD, Birchall MA. Stem Cell-Based Tissue-Engineered Laryngeal Replacement. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:677-687. [PMID: 28191770 PMCID: PMC5442815 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with laryngeal disorders may have severe morbidity relating to swallowing, vocalization, and respiratory function, for which conventional therapies are suboptimal. A tissue‐engineered approach would aim to restore the vocal folds and maintain respiratory function while limiting the extent of scarring in the regenerated tissue. Under Good Laboratory Practice conditions, we decellularized porcine larynges, using detergents and enzymes under negative pressure to produce an acellular scaffold comprising cartilage, muscle, and mucosa. To assess safety and functionality before clinical trials, a decellularized hemilarynx seeded with human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and a tissue‐engineered oral mucosal sheet was implanted orthotopically into six pigs. The seeded grafts were left in situ for 6 months and assessed using computed tomography imaging, bronchoscopy, and mucosal brushings, together with vocal recording and histological analysis on explantation. The graft caused no adverse respiratory function, nor did it impact swallowing or vocalization. Rudimentary vocal folds covered by contiguous epithelium were easily identifiable. In conclusion, the proposed tissue‐engineered approach represents a viable alternative treatment for laryngeal defects. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:677–687
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahera Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Peggy Lange
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, United Kingdom
- University College London Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Southgate
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Carvalho
- Department of Haematology, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Partington
- Department of Haematology, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Bullock
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Birchall
- University College London Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lange P, Shah H, Birchall M, Sibbons P, Ansari T. Characterization of a biologically derived rabbit tracheal scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2126-2135. [PMID: 27417155 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a clinical need to provide replacement tracheal tissue for the pediatric population affected by congenital defects, as current surgical solutions are not universally applicable. A potential solution is to use tissue engineered scaffold as the framework for regenerating autologous tissue. Rabbit trachea were used and different detergents (Triton x-100 and sodium deoxycholate) and enzymes (DNAse/RNAse) investigated to create a decellularization protocol. Each reagent was initially tested individually and the outcome used to design a combined protocol. At each stage the resultant scaffold was assessed histologically, molecularly for acellularity and matrix preservation. Immunogenicity of the final scaffold was assessed by implantation into a rat model for 4 weeks. Both enzymes and detergents were required to produce a completely acellular (DNA content 42.78 ng/mg) scaffold with preserved collagen and elastin however, GAG content were reduced (8.78 ± 1.35 vs. 5.5 ± 4.8). Following in vivo implantation the scaffold elicited minimal immune response and showed significant cellular infiltration and vasculogenesis. The luminal aspect of the implanted scaffold showed infiltration of host derived cells, which were positive for pan cytokeratin. It is possible to create biologically derived biocompatible scaffolds to address specific pediatric clinical problems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2126-2135, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lange
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Watford Rd, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK.,UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, WC1 8DA, UK
| | - H Shah
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Watford Rd, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - M Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, WC1 8DA, UK
| | - P Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Watford Rd, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - T Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Watford Rd, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Birchall MA, Schilder AG, Janes S, Ansari T, Tebbs S, Sheridan R, Ezra R, Round J, Seifalian A, Carvalho C, Sandhu G, Culme-Seymour E, Mason C, Lowdell M. RegenVOX: a Phase I/II clinical trial of stem cell-based tissue-engineered laryngeal implants. Cytotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.03.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Greco KV, Francis L, Somasundaram M, Greco G, English NR, Roether JA, Boccaccini AR, Sibbons P, Ansari T. Characterisation of porcine dermis scaffolds decellularised using a novel non-enzymatic method for biomedical applications. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:239-53. [PMID: 25855682 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215578638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Off-the-shelf availability of tissue-engineered skin constructs, tailored by different combinations of reagents to produce a highly preserved biological matrix is often the only means to help patients suffering skin damage. This study assessed the effect of five different decellularisation methods on porcine dermal scaffolds with regard to matrix composition, biomechanical strength, and cytotoxicity using an in vitro biocompatibility assay. Results demonstrated that four out of the five tested decellularisation protocols were efficient in producing acellular scaffolds. Nevertheless, decellularisation method using osmotic shock without enzymatic digestion showed to be efficient not only in removing cellular material and debris from dermal scaffolds but was also beneficial in the preservation of extracellular matrix components (glycosaminoglycans and collagen). Histological assessment revealed that the dermal architecture of coarse collagen bundles was preserved. Examinations by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the arrangement and ultrastructure of collagen fibrils in the scaffolds were retained following non-enzymatic method of decellularisation and also after collagen crosslinking using genipin. Moreover, this decellularised scaffold was not only shown to be biologically compatible when co-cultured with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts, but also stimulated the cells to release trophic factors essential for tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K V Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, UK
| | - L Francis
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, UK
| | - M Somasundaram
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, UK Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital Headington, University of Oxford, UK
| | - G Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, UK
| | - Nicholas R English
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London/NPIMR, Harrow, UK
| | - Judith A Roether
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, UK
| | - T Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lange P, Greco K, Partington L, Carvalho C, Oliani S, Birchall MA, Sibbons PD, Lowdell MW, Ansari T. Pilot study of a novel vacuum-assisted method for decellularization of tracheae for clinical tissue engineering applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:800-811. [PMID: 25689270 DOI: 10.1002/term.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered tracheae have been successfully implanted to treat a small number of patients on compassionate grounds. The treatment has not become mainstream due to the time taken to produce the scaffold and the resultant financial costs. We have developed a method for decellularization (DC) based on vacuum technology, which when combined with an enzyme/detergent protocol significantly reduces the time required to create clinically suitable scaffolds. We have applied this technology to prepare porcine tracheal scaffolds and compared the results to scaffolds produced under normal atmospheric pressures. The principal outcome measures were the reduction in time (9 days to prepare the scaffold) followed by a reduction in residual DNA levels (DC no-vac: 137.8±48.82 ng/mg vs. DC vac 36.83±18.45 ng/mg, p<0.05.). Our approach did not impact on the collagen or glycosaminoglycan content or on the biomechanical properties of the scaffolds. We applied the vacuum technology to human tracheae, which, when implanted in vivo showed no significant adverse immunological response. The addition of a vacuum to a conventional decellularization protocol significantly reduces production time, whilst providing a suitable scaffold. This increases clinical utility and lowers production costs. To our knowledge this is the first time that vacuum assisted decellularization has been explored. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Lange
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Watford Rd, Harrow, UK.,Department of Haematology, UCL, Medical School, London, UK
| | - K Greco
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Watford Rd, Harrow, UK
| | - L Partington
- Department of Haematology, UCL, Medical School, London, UK
| | - C Carvalho
- Department of Haematology, UCL, Medical School, London, UK
| | - S Oliani
- Immunomorphology Laboratory, Department of Biology, IBILCE-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - M A Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - P D Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Watford Rd, Harrow, UK
| | - M W Lowdell
- Department of Haematology, UCL, Medical School, London, UK
| | - T Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Watford Rd, Harrow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ansari T, Yousef A, El Gamassy A, Fayez M. Ultrasound-guided spinal anaesthesia in obstetrics: is there an advantage over the landmark technique in patients with easily palpable spines? Int J Obstet Anesth 2014; 23:213-6. [PMID: 24768303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data are scarce on the advantage of ultrasound-guided spinal anaesthesia in patients with easily identifiable bony landmarks. In this study, we compared the use of ultrasound to the landmark method in patients with no anticipated technical difficulty, presenting for caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia. METHODS A total of 150 pregnant women were recruited in this randomized, controlled study. Ultrasound examination and spinal anaesthesia were performed by three anaesthetists with experience in ultrasound-guided neuraxial block. Patients were randomized to either the Ultrasound Group (n=75) or the Landmark Group (n=75). In both groups the level of L3-4 or L4-5 was identified by ultrasound (transverse and longitudinal approach) or palpation. The primary outcome was the procedure time, measured from the time of skin puncture by the introducer to the time of viewing cerebrospinal fluid at the hub of the spinal needle. Secondary outcomes were the number of skin punctures, number of passes, and incidence of successful spinal blockade. RESULTS The average procedure time, number of skin punctures and needle passes, were similar in both groups. The number of patients with successful spinal anaesthesia after one puncture was not statistically different between the groups. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that when performed by anaesthetists experienced in both ultrasound and landmark techniques, the use of ultrasound does not appear to increase the success rate of spinal anaesthesia, or reduce the procedure time or number of attempts in obstetric patients with easily palpable spines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ansari
- Department of Anaesthesia, Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - A Yousef
- Department of Anaesthesia, Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A El Gamassy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Fayez
- Department of Anaesthesia, Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nowocin AK, Southgate A, Gabe SM, Ansari T. Biocompatibility and potential of decellularized porcine small intestine to support cellular attachment and growth. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E23-33. [PMID: 23894134 DOI: 10.1002/term.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to decellularize a 30 cm long segment of porcine small intestine, determine its in vivo behaviour and assess the type of immunological reaction it induces in a quantitative manner. A segment of porcine ileum up to 30 cm long, together with its attached vasculature, was decellularized via its mesenteric arcade as a single entity. The quality of the acellular scaffold was assessed histologically and using molecular tools. The host response to the scaffold was evaluated in a rodent model. Stereological techniques were incorporated into quantitative analysis of the phenotype of the macrophages infiltrating the scaffold in vivo. Lengths of ileal scaffold, together with its attached vasculature, were successfully decellularized, with no evidence of intact cells and DNA or collagen and GAGs overdegradation. Analysis of explants harvested over 2 months postimplantation revealed full-thickness recellularization and no signs of foreign body or immune reactions. Macrophage profiling proved that between weeks 4 and 8 in vivo there was a switch from an M1 (pro-inflammatory) to an M2 (pro-remodelling) type of response. We show here that the decellularization process results in a biocompatible and non-toxic matrix that upon implantation triggers cellular infiltration and angiogenesis, primarily characterized by a pro-remodelling type of mononuclear response, without inducing foreign body reaction or fibrosis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Nowocin AK, Southgate A, Shurey S, Sibbons P, Gabe SM, Ansari T. The development and implantation of a biologically derived allograft scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:140-8. [PMID: 23554406 DOI: 10.1002/term.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biologically derived scaffolds are becoming viable treatment options for tissue/organ repair and regeneration. A continuing hurdle is the need for a functional blood supply to and from the implanted scaffold. We have addressed this problem by constructing an acellular ileal scaffold with an attached vascular network suitable for implantation and immediate reperfusion with the host's blood. Using a vascular perfusion approach, a segment of porcine ileum up to 30 cm long, together with its attached vasculature, was decellularized as a single entity. The quality of the decellularized scaffold was assessed histologically and using molecular tools. To establish vascular perfusion potentials of the scaffold, a right-sided nephrectomy and end-to-end anastomosis of the decellularized scaffold's vasculature to a renal artery and vein were performed in a pig of similar size to the donor animal. Lengths of ileal scaffold, together with its attached vasculature, were successfully decellularized, with no evidence of intact cells/nuclear material or collagen degradation. The scaffold's decellularized vascular network demonstrated optimum perfusion at 1, 2 and 24 h post-implantation and the mesenteric arcade remained patent throughout the assessment. The 1, 2 and 24 h explanted scaffolds demonstrated signs of cellular attachment, with cells positive for CD68 and CD133 on the vascular luminal aspect. It is possible to decellularize clinically relevant lengths of small intestine, together with the associated vasculature, as a single segment. The functional vascular network may represent a route for recellularization for future regeneration of bowel tissue for patients with short bowel syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Nowocin
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - Aaron Southgate
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - Sandra Shurey
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - Paul Sibbons
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - Simon M Gabe
- Lennard-Jones Intestinal Failure Unit and Academic Institute, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK.,Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Tahera Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Totonelli G, Maghsoudlou P, Fishman JM, Orlando G, Ansari T, Sibbons P, Birchall MA, Pierro A, Eaton S, De Coppi P. Esophageal tissue engineering: A new approach for esophageal replacement. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6900-7. [PMID: 23322987 PMCID: PMC3531673 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i47.6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of congenital and acquired disorders require esophageal tissue replacement. Various surgical techniques, such as gastric and colonic interposition, are standards of treatment, but frequently complicated by stenosis and other problems. Regenerative medicine approaches facilitate the use of biological constructs to replace or regenerate normal tissue function. We review the literature of esophageal tissue engineering, discuss its implications, compare the methodologies that have been employed and suggest possible directions for the future. Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, National Research Register and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched with the following search terms: stem cell and esophagus, esophageal replacement, esophageal tissue engineering, esophageal substitution. Reference lists of papers identified were also examined and experts in this field contacted for further information. All full-text articles in English of all potentially relevant abstracts were reviewed. Tissue engineering has involved acellular scaffolds that were either transplanted with the aim of being repopulated by host cells or seeded prior to transplantation. When acellular scaffolds were used to replace patch and short tubular defects they allowed epithelial and partial muscular migration whereas when employed for long tubular defects the results were poor leading to an increased rate of stenosis and mortality. Stenting has been shown as an effective means to reduce stenotic changes and promote cell migration, whilst omental wrapping to induce vascularization of the construct has an uncertain benefit. Decellularized matrices have been recently suggested as the optimal choice for scaffolds, but smart polymers that will incorporate signalling to promote cell-scaffold interaction may provide a more reproducible and available solution. Results in animal models that have used seeded scaffolds strongly sug- gest that seeding of both muscle and epithelial cells on scaffolds prior to implantation is a prerequisite for complete esophageal replacement. Novel approaches need to be designed to allow for peristalsis and vascularization in the engineered esophagus. Although esophageal tissue engineering potentially offers a real alternative to conventional treatments for severe esophageal disease, important barriers remain that need to be addressed.
Collapse
|
23
|
Widdows K, O'Malley A, O'Neill B, Kingdom J, Gillan J, Ansari T. Altered placental development in pregnancies resulting in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Early Hum Dev 2012; 88:805-11. [PMID: 22705018 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is postulated to be a developmental disorder originating during fetal life in utero. Knowledge regarding the intrauterine environment in which SIDS infants develop is, however, inadequate and how the placenta develops prior to a SIDS event has not been studied. AIM To investigate the morphological development of the placenta obtained from full-term infants who subsequently succumbed to SIDS. STUDY DESIGN To estimate the percentage and total volumes of the chorionic villi and villous trophoblast membrane using stereological techniques. SUBJECTS Placentas were obtained retrospectively from normal birthweight (SIDS-NBW n=18) and small-for-gestational age (SIDS-SGA, n=14) infants who had succumbed to SIDS, and compared to either control (n=8) or SGA placentas (n=7), respectively. RESULTS SIDS-NBW placentas displayed evidence of augmented villous growth shown by significantly greater volumes of placental chorionic villi (gas-exchanging (GE) villi) in comparison to controls; this was not observed for SIDS-SGA placentas. However, both SIDS-NBW and SIDS-SGA placentas displayed significantly greater volumes of the cytotrophoblast (CT) (SIDS-NBW only), syncytiotrophoblast (SIDS-SGA only) and syncytial knots (SCT-K) and those displaying apoptotic syncytial nuclei (AP SCT-K). In contrast, SGA placentas displayed significantly reduced volumes of chorionic villi, GE villi and the villous trophoblast indicating a SIDS-specific effect associated with augmented placental growth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide initial evidence that placental abnormality, although not necessarily causative, may precede a subset of SIDS cases supporting the hypothesis that the origins of SIDS begin during fetal life in utero.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Widdows
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gerhardt LC, Schmidt J, Sanz-Herrera J, Baaijens F, Ansari T, Peters G, Oomens C. A novel method for visualising and quantifying through-plane skin layer deformations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 14:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
25
|
Gerhardt LC, Widdows KL, Erol MM, Nandakumar A, Roqan IS, Ansari T, Boccaccini AR. Neocellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass-coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:827-41. [PMID: 22968899 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the in vivo recellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass (n-BG)-coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds were studied in a rat model and quantified using stereological analyses. Based on the highest amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by human fibroblasts grown on n-BG coatings (0-1.245 mg/cm(2)), decellularized trabecular bone samples (porosity: 43-81%) were coated with n-BG particles. Grown on n-BG particles at a coating density of 0.263 mg/cm(2), human fibroblasts produced 4.3 times more VEGF than on uncoated controls. After 8 weeks of implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, both uncoated and n-BG-coated samples were well infiltrated with newly formed tissue (47-48%) and blood vessels (3-4%). No significant differences were found in cellularization and vascularization between uncoated bone scaffolds and n-BG-coated scaffolds. This finding indicates that the decellularized bone itself may exhibit growth-promoting properties induced by the highly interconnected pore microarchitecture and/or proteins left behind on decellularized scaffolds. Even if we did not find proangiogenic effects in n-BG-coated bone scaffolds, a bioactive coating is considered to be beneficial to impart osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties to decellularized bone. n-BG-coated bone grafts have thus high clinical potential for the regeneration of complex tissue defects given their ability for recellularization and neovascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-C Gerhardt
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fishman JM, Ansari T, Sibbons P, De Coppi P, Birchall MA. Decellularized rabbit cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle for laryngeal regeneration. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2012; 121:129-38. [PMID: 22397223 DOI: 10.1177/000348941212100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although considerable progress has been made in regenerative medicine, a quantum step would be the replacement and/or regeneration of functional muscle tissue. For example, although patients' airways can now be successfully replaced with stem cell-based techniques, a much greater patient need would be addressed by regeneration of the muscles required for engineering a functional larynx, in which active movement is critical. The rabbit cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscle was chosen for the present study because it is equivalent to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, the only significant abductor muscle in human larynges. METHODS Rabbit cricoarytenoid dorsalis muscles were harvested, and different decellularization methods were compared by use of a combination of histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. Decellularized scaffolds were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats as part of a 2-week biocompatibility study to assess immunogenicity. RESULTS Decellularization with a combination of latrunculin B, potassium iodide, potassium chloride, and deoxyribonuclease resulted in total DNA clearance and reduced levels of major histocompatibility complex class II expression, with relative preservation of the scaffold's structural integrity (collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan content). The scaffolds showed minimal signs of rejection at 2 weeks in a cross-species (xenotransplantation) study. CONCLUSIONS Decellularized laryngeal muscles, which are nonimmunogenic, may provide the optimal scaffold source for the generation of a fully functional tissue-engineered larynx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Fishman
- University College London Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stansfield FJ, Nöthling J, Ansari T. The distribution of small preantral follicles within the ovaries of prepubertal African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 129:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
28
|
Butler C, Hsuan J, Beaumont N, Janes S, Ansari T, Birchall M. Proteomic Analysis of Decellularized Tissue Engineered Laryngeal-Tracheal Scaffolds. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599811416318a131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The clinical success of a fully tissue-engineered tracheal transplant has indicated that there may be more to using decellularized tissue as a scaffold construct. It has been hypothesized that remnant polypeptides reside in these matrices. We sought to determine the proteome profile of a decellularized laryngeal-tracheal scaffold construct. Method: A laryngeal-tracheal construct was fabricated using standard decellularization protocols and underwent immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, biomechanical analysis, and qPCR for total DNA content. Samples from anatomical subsites were prepared for proteomic analysis. Tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify peptide sequences and validated using multicolor immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results: Decellularization of laryngea-tracheal scaffold airway construct effectively removed cells, MHC components, and DNA while maintaining similar biomechanical properties to native (nondecellularized) tissue. We identified variable expression of polypeptides in the anatomical subsites of the airway scaffold construct. A minimum core set of polypeptides was identified with a subset of proteins with putative roles beyond structural integrity. Of particular interest were small molecular weight polypeptides known to have significant roles in epithelialization and angiogenesis. Conclusion: We demonstrate that mass spectrometry can be used as a tool to accurately identify residual proteins in a laryngeal-tracheal scaffold. The identification of signaling proteins may be of crucial importance in designing the next generation of “intelligent” off-the-shelf scaffolds.
Collapse
|
29
|
Ansari T, Mascarenhas R, Husain A. The relationship of various arch forms and cortical bone thickness. J Dent (Tehran) 2011; 8:7-11. [PMID: 21998801 PMCID: PMC3184732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implants are being used in orthodontics as a reliable mode of anchorage. Among other factors, the cortical bone thickness plays a major role in determining the stability of these implants. The objective of this study was to study the relationship of various arch forms and the cortical bone thickness and to determine if the cortical bone thickness varies between various arch forms. This would help to determine the ideal length of an implant for a particular arch form. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional tomograph was obtained from 30 patients. Based on arch forms the patients' tomographs were equally divided into three basic square, tapered and ovoid categories, each consisting of 10 patients. Consequently, their buccal and lingual cortical plate thicknesses were measured. RESULTS The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the three arch forms, in which the square arch form had the greatest cortical bone thickness among the three arch forms. CONCLUSION Patients having a tapered arch form may require implants with greater length than patients having a square or an ovoid arch form. Since the availability of the cortical bone in square arch patients is greater, there is more stability for the implants in these cases; therefore, implants with a shorter length may be used in these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Ansari
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India,Corresponding author: T. Ansari, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.
| | - R. Mascarenhas
- Senior Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Managlore, India
| | - A. Husain
- Senior Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Managlore, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tariq M, Jafri W, Ansari T, Awan S, Ali F, Shah M, Jamil S, Riaz M, Shafqat S. Medical mortality in Pakistan: experience at a tertiary care hospital. Postgrad Med J 2010; 85:470-4. [PMID: 19734514 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2008.074898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To acquire systematic data on the causes of hospital mortality in Pakistan, a developing country with scant mortality records. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of death certificates and hospital charts of patients dying on general and specialty medical services at our hospital during one calendar year. RESULTS Of a total 10,590 admissions, 657 (6.2%) died in hospital. The deceased included 357 (54.4%) males and 299 (45.6%) females, with a collective median age of 63 years and mean length of stay 6.71 days (median 4 days, range 1-56 days). Primary cause of death was categorised as infectious (21.2%), pulmonary (17.2%), cancer related (15.7%), cardiovascular (12.6%), gastrointestinal and hepatic (10.8%), neurological (11.4%) and miscellaneous (11.1%). Within each category, the most common diagnoses were septicaemia (76.9% of infectious cases), pneumonia (55.7% of pulmonary cases), myocardial infarction (40.9% of cardiovascular), intracranial haemorrhage (37.3% of neurological), and cirrhosis (45.0% of gastrointestinal). There were multiple causes among malignant disorders with no single cause dominating. Patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary deaths tended to be older than the median age (p = 0.001), while patients with gastrointestinal and cancer related deaths tended to be younger than the median age (p = 0.001). Length of stay did not differ significantly among the various subgroups. About a quarter (26.4%) deaths occurred within 24 h of admission. CONCLUSIONS Infections, including septicaemia and pneumonia, are the leading causes of hospital mortality in our setting, followed by malignancy and cardiovascular causes. The overall mortality rate is comparable to published mortality data from other hospital settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tariq
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Medical College, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rijal L, Ansari T, Trikha V, Yadhav CS. Birth injuries in caesarian sections: cases of fracture femur and humerus following caesarian section. Nepal Med Coll J 2009; 11:207-208. [PMID: 20334074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Long bone injuries are less common during caesarian section. Sometimes, they remain unnoticed to the operating surgeon but are frequently noted by attending physician or nurses. The aim of this case study is to remind the surgeon that any forceful extraction may result long bone injuries. So, care should be given during and after delivery to rule out injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Rijal
- Department of Orthopaedic, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Misra SK, Ansari T, Mohn D, Valappil SP, Brunner TJ, Stark WJ, Roy I, Knowles JC, Sibbons PD, Jones EV, Boccaccini AR, Salih V. Effect of nanoparticulate bioactive glass particles on bioactivity and cytocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composites. J R Soc Interface 2009; 7:453-65. [PMID: 19640877 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of adding nanoparticulate (29 nm) bioactive glass particles on the bioactivity, degradation and in vitro cytocompatibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) composites/nano-sized bioactive glass (n-BG). Two different concentrations (10 and 20 wt %) of nanoscale bioactive glass particles of 45S5 Bioglass composition were used to prepare composite films. Several techniques (Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray) were used to monitor their surface and bioreactivity over a 45-day period of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). All results suggested the P(3HB)/n-BG composites to be highly bioactive, confirmed by the formation of hydroxyapatite on material surfaces upon immersion in SBF. The weight loss and water uptake were found to increase on increasing bioactive glass content. Cytocompatibility study (cell proliferation, cell attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin production) using human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells in osteogenic and non-osteogenic medium showed that the composite substrates are suitable for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Superb K Misra
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hussain A, Singhal T, Ansari T, Aravind B, El-Hasani S. Long-term outcomes of revisional surgery following laparoscopic fundoplication (Br J Surg 2009; 96: 391-397). Br J Surg 2009; 96:955-6; author reply 956. [PMID: 19591146 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
34
|
Hussain A, Mahmood H, Ansari T, El-Hasani S. Pneumomediastinum, stomach wall and hepatic portal vein gas secondary to partial necrosis of the stomach wall. Singapore Med J 2009; 50:e166-e169. [PMID: 19495499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The combination of pneumomediastinum, gastric wall gas and hepatic portal vein gas is a challenging clinical problem. Although different causes of the individual gas sign have been reported in the literature, the cause of a triad of these signs in a single patient is less clear, and represents an extremely rare condition. A 65-year-old man presented with severe lower chest and epigastric pain of a few hours' duration. Initial assessment confirmed epigastric tenderness. Computed tomography showed pneumomediastinum, air in the stomach wall, hepatic portal vein gas and bowel dilatation. Small bowel and right colon dilatation was confirmed at laparotomy. The patient was treated subsequently with antibiotics to cover Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobes. The patient was discharged in good general condition on the 12th postoperative day. In conclusion, the triad of pneumomediastinum, gastric wall gas and hepatic portal vein gas is an extremely rare condition and associated with gastric necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hussain
- Department of General Surgery, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington BR6 8ND, Kent, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lash GE, Ansari T, Bischof P, Burton GJ, Chamley L, Crocker I, Dantzer V, Desoye G, Drewlo S, Fazleabas A, Jansson T, Keating S, Kliman HJ, Lang I, Mayhew T, Meiri H, Miller RK, Nelson DM, Pfarrer C, Roberts C, Sammar M, Sharma S, Shiverick K, Strunk D, Turner MA, Huppertz B. IFPA meeting 2008 workshops report. Placenta 2008; 30 Suppl A:S4-14. [PMID: 19084270 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting. At the IFPA meeting 2008 diverse topics were discussed in 12 themed workshops. Topics covered included: immunology of placentation; galectins and trophoblast invasion; signaling in implantation and invasion; markers to identify trophoblast subpopulations; placental pathology; placental toxicology; stereology; placental transport of fatty acids; placental mesenchymal stem cells; comparative placentation; trophoblast and neoplasia; trophoblast differentiation. This report is a summary of the various topics covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Lash
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ansari T. A new method of assessing pathological elastin degradation in the horse. Equine Vet J 2007; 39:394-5. [PMID: 17910261 DOI: 10.2746/042516407x211089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Harrow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Singhal T, Doddi S, Kasem A, Ansari T, Mazhar K, Desai A. 297 POSTER Skin sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction: is it safe? Eur J Surg Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(06)70732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
38
|
Lloyd DAJ, Ansari T, Shurey S, Maquet V, Sibbons PD, Boccaccini AR, Gabe SM. Prolonged Maintenance of Neointestine Using Subcutaneously Implanted Tubular Scaffolds in a Rat Model. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:3097-9. [PMID: 17112909 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered small intestine offers a possible alternative to long-term parenteral nutrition or intestinal transplantation in patients with short bowel syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the prolonged development of neointestine grown on subcutaneously implanted scaffolds. Tubular polylactide-coglycolide (PLGA) scaffolds were implanted into adult Lewis rats. Four weeks after scaffold implantation, a suspension of organoid units was delivered to the lumen of each scaffold. Organoid units were manufactured from small intestine harvested from neonatal Lewis rats by partial digestion using collagenase and dispase. Scaffolds were removed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after organoid unit implantation, processed to paraffin, and sectioned. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated well-developed and well-differentiated intestinal mucosa and a vascularised submucosa within the scaffolds at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Appearances were similar to native small intestine. Immunohistochemistry performed using primary antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker for cellular proliferation, demonstrated positively staining cells within the mucosa and submucosa at all time points. In the mucosal layer these positively staining cells were found primarily in the crypts. These findings show that neointestinal mucosa can be maintained for at least 12 weeks on a subcutaneous PLGA scaffold, and the presence of actively proliferating cells at 12 weeks suggests potential for further development beyond this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A J Lloyd
- St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Harrow, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Singhal T, Doddi S, Ansari T, DeSilva C, Smedley F. 16 ORAL Nurse led flexible sigmoidoscopy in a satellite clinic: solution for NHS. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(06)70451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
40
|
Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N, Green CJ, Sibbons PD. Pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction: How Morphometrically Different is the Placenta? Placenta 2006; 27:727-34. [PMID: 16125226 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Both pre-eclampsia (PET) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) pose a heavy burden on fetal and maternal health and may disrupt pregnancy outcome. Using design based stereological techniques, placental vascular and villous morphology were assessed to determine the individual role played by both PET and FGR on placental growth during the third trimester. The following placentas delivered between 25 and 41 weeks of gestation were included into the study; controls (n=16), PET (n=20), FGR (n=17) and PET-FGR (n=16). Each placenta was uniformly randomly sampled and the sampled tissue processed to paraffin. Sections were stained with a CD34 antibody and the following morphometric parameters estimated: volumes, surface areas, length, diameters and the shape factor of the villous (terminal and intermediate) and vascular placental features. For stereologically estimated parameters pure PET had an effect on IVS and terminal villi volume only. FGR alone or when coexisting with PET contributed towards significant reductions in volumetric and surface area terminal villous and vascular features. FGR factors also contributed towards a significant reduction in the lengths of all parameters estimated and in the terminal villi diameter. Additionally, FGR was associated with a significant difference in shape factor indices for both intermediate and terminal villi. This study has shown that PET on its own has limited influence on the placental morphology studied, since the vascular features estimated do not differ stereologically from age matched normal controls. However, placental morphology is different between PET and PET-FGR and between PET-FGR and FGR. PET and FGR may have a cumulative effect on placental villous and vascular morphology as seen in the PET-FGR but there is no synergistic effect. These morphological abnormalities may have major physiological implications in terms of placental function and fetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Egbor
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N, Green CJ, Sibbons PD. Maternal medicine: Morphometric placental villous and vascular abnormalities in early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction. BJOG 2006; 113:580-9. [PMID: 16579806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate placental morphology in pregnancies complicated by early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia (PET) with and without fetal growth restriction (FGR) using stereological techniques. DESIGN A total of 69 pregnant women were studied. Twenty women had pregnancies complicated by PET, 17 by FGR and 16 by both PET and FUR; the remaining 16 were from gestational-age-matched controls. Each group was further classified into early onset (<34 weeks) and late onsets (>34 weeks) based on gestational ages. SETTING NPIMR at Northwick Park and St Marks Hospital. POPULATION placentae from pregnant women. METHODS Formalin-fixed, wax-embedded sections stained with anti-CD34 antibodies and counterstained with haematoxylin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Volumes, surface areas, lengths, diameters and shape factors of the villous tissues and fetal vasculature in the intermediate and terminal villi of all the groups studied. RESULTS Terminal villi volume and surface area were compromised in early-onset PET cases, late-onset PET had no impact on peripheral villi or vasculature features. The morphology of the vascular and villous subcomponents in the intermediate and terminal villi was significantly influenced by late-onset FGR, whereas early-onset FGR caused a reduction in placental weight. Length estimates were not influenced by PET, FGR or age of onset. Intermediate arteriole shape factor was significantly reduced in late-onset FGR. CONCLUSIONS Isolated early-onset PET was associated with abnormal placental morphology, but placentas from late-onset PET were morphologically similar to placentas from gestational-age-matched controls, confirming the existence of two subsets of this condition and supporting the hypothesis that late-onset PET is a maternal disorder and not a placental disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Egbor
- Department of Surgical Research, NPIMR, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Foresti R, Shurey C, Ansari T, Sibbons P, Mann BE, Johnson TR, Green CJ, Motterlini R. Reviewing the use of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) in biology: implications in endotoxin-mediated vascular dysfunction. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2005; 51:409-23. [PMID: 16309592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The inducible stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been linked to tissue and organ protection against the deleterious actions of many pathological conditions, including endotoxin challenge. Similar protection can be achieved by the main products of heme oxygenase activity, namely bilirubin and carbon monoxide (CO). Since the identification of novel chemical compounds that liberate CO in biological systems (CO-releasing molecules or CO-RMs), our group and others have had access to a convenient and simple pharmacological tool that enables to study the role of CO in physiological functions. This article will review the scientific literature published to date on CO-RMs, with emphasis on the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental models employed to determine the contribution of CO to cellular mechanisms. In addition, we will report on the effect of heme oxygenase-related substances, such as bilirubin, CORM-3 and hemin, in a model of endotoxin-induced hypotension. Among the three different approaches examined, CORM-3 proved the most effective agent in reducing the fall in blood pressure caused by endotoxin. Furthermore, heme oxygenase-related substances affected the endotoxin-stimulated induction and distribution of hepatic HO-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Thus, it emerges that CO-RMs could exert important biological actions in the context of endotoxic-mediated dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Foresti
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the failure of fibrin sealant treatment for fistula-in-ano in an experimental porcine model and to determine histologic changes associated with the sealant and setons. METHODS Three surgically created fistulas were treated by seton drainage in each of eight male pigs. After 26 days, magnetic resonance imaging was performed and setons were removed. Two pigs were killed as controls for stereologic histologic fistula track assessment. In six, fistulas were curetted, and in four the fistulas were treated with fibrin sealant. In these four sealant and two seton pigs, magnetic resonance imaging was repeated a median of 47.5 days after fistula formation. The pigs were killed and stereologic histologic fistula track examination was performed to determine granulation tissue and fistula lumen volumes. These values were compared among control, seton, and sealant groups over time, and related to fistula volumes derived from magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Sealant was not visible microscopically within tracks, although some sections revealed a foreign body-type reaction. On stereologic assessment, granulation tissue volumes were smaller in sealant and seton groups than in controls (median, 88 vs. 187 vs. 453 mm3, respectively; P = 0.002) and decreased over time (median, 408 and 152 mm3 (Day 42) vs. 88 and 75 (Day 53), respectively; P = 0.002). Fistula lumen (P < 0.001), and granulation tissue combined with fistula lumen volumes (P = 0.002) were similarly smaller. Magnetic resonance imaging of fistula intensity was less in the sealant group than in the seton group and controls (mean, 777 vs. 978 vs. 1214 units/mm2, P = 0.003). Magnetic resonance imaging fistula volumes were least in sealant and seton groups vs. controls (P = 0.024), decreasing significantly in the sealant group over time (P = 0.018). No direct relationship was found between imaging and histologic volumes. CONCLUSIONS In an experimental porcine model of anal fistula, granulation tissue was still present, albeit diminished, following track curettage combined with seton or sealant therapy, and was minimal in the sealant group, confirming some benefit from this procedure. Eradication of all longstanding granulation tissue may ensure complete success of fibrin sealant therapy.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to create and evaluate an experimental porcine model of fistula-in-ano. METHODS Initial cadaveric dissection enabled refinement of the technique for fistula formation and histoanatomical study of the porcine anal canal. Subsequently, three surgically created fistulas were treated by seton drainage in each of eight male pigs (weight, 38-41 kg). After 26 days, magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 Tesla was performed and setons removed under general anesthesia, enabling clinical and microbiologic track assessment. Two pigs were killed for histologic fistula track assessment. RESULTS Histoanatomical assessment noted a rudimentary internal anal sphincter, together with structures resembling anal glands. Artificial fistulas persisted during seton drainage and were more often associated with fecal than skin-derived organisms compared with both perineal and anal canal swabs (P = 0.002). All six fistulas assessed histologically had a lumen, and abundant surrounding granulation tissue similar to that seen in human fistula-in-ano. Epithelialization was not evident in any track. Fistulas were visualized as high signal tracks using magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS Porcine anal anatomy resembles that of humans, and an experimental model proved suitable when assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, microbiology, and histologically, which demonstrated abundant granulation tissue. This model could be further used to investigate fistula treatments.
Collapse
|
45
|
De Marinis F, Pereira JR, Park K, Leong SS, Tsai CM, Ansari T, Perry MC, Liepa AM, Paul S, Gralla RJ. Does second-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) result in symptom palliation? Analysis of 484 patients from a randomized trial of pemetrexed vs docetaxel. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.7035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. De Marinis
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - J. R. Pereira
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - K. Park
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - S. S. Leong
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - C.-M. Tsai
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - T. Ansari
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - M. C. Perry
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - A. M. Liepa
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - S. Paul
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| | - R. J. Gralla
- Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy; Instituto do Cancer Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, Sao Paolo, Brazil; Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore; Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China; Combined Military Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Missouri, Ellis Fischel Cancer Ctr, Columbia, MO; Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis, IN; New York Lung Cancer Alliance, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ansari T, Gillan JE, Condell D, Green CJ, Sibbons PD. Analyses of the potential oxygen transfer capability in placentae from infants succumbing to sudden infant death syndrome. Early Hum Dev 2004; 76:127-38. [PMID: 14757264 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphometric oxygen diffusive conductance (Dp) was estimated to assess the potential efficiency of oxygen transfer across the materno-fetal interface in placentae obtained from victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). STUDY DESIGN SIDS placentae were retrieved from archived storage and classified into normal birth weight (NBW, n=16), or small for gestational age (SGA, n=9) and compared against control placentae (n=40) or SGA (n=24) placentae. A combination of stereological techniques and physiological constants were used to estimate total Dp. RESULTS SIDS NBW cases showed a crucial reduction in fetal capillary surface area when compared with control placentae. SIDS SGA showed a number of deficiencies in basic volumetric and surface area parameters. Values for total and specific Dp in placentae in both SIDS groups were maintained at levels comparable with control and SGA cases, respectively. CONCLUSION Since more reductions were observed in SIDS SGA group, this suggests that factors responsible for these reductions maybe associated with SGA rather than being SIDS-specific factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gamble E, Burns W, Zhu J, Ansari T, De Rose V, Kips J, Barnes NC, Jeffery PK. Variation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes around the bronchial internal perimeter in chronic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 2003; 22:992-5. [PMID: 14680091 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The variation of CD8+ cells has been determined around the internal perimeter of intrapulmonary bronchi in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB), and the amount of tissue required to confidently estimate the true mean has been calculated. Lung specimens were obtained from 10 smokers with CB. Paraffin sections of intrapulmonary bronchi were immunostained and CD8+ cells counted in the epithelium and subepithelium in up to 10 sequential 1-mm segments around the internal perimeter of each airway. The percentage of counts falling between +/-20% of the final mean was 43.0% for epithelium and 40.9% for subepithelium. In 90% of subjects, the cumulative mean was stable after examination of subepithelial tissue associated with 5 mm of reticular basement membrane. There is considerable variation in the counts of CD8+ cells between adjacent 1-mm airway mucosal segments in chronic bronchitis. In order to achieve a representative count and to maximise statistical power to detect differences between study populations, subepithelial tissue including a minimum of 5 mm of reticular basement membrane length should be examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Gamble
- Lung Pathology, Dept of Gene Therapy, Imperial College London at the Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) produced a dose related decline in lung function, as assessed by changes in dynamic lung compliance (C(dyn)) in New Zealand White rabbits. This occurred within 24 h of administration and persisted for 56 days (n=6). These lung function changes were accompanied by histological evidence of emphysema in the lungs and were not mimicked by intratracheal administration of the proteolytic enzyme trypsin. Neither the lung function nor the histological changes induced by elastase could be prevented or reversed by either the glucocorticosteroid, dexamethasone, or all trans retinoic acid (ATRA).Our data suggest that local administration of elastase to the lungs of rabbits may provide a convenient way to assess the effects of drugs on the changes induced by elastase in airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishi
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, GKT School of Biomedical Sciences, Kings College London, 5th Floor, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ansari T, Fenlon S, Pasha S, O'Neill B, Gillan JE, Green CJ, Sibbons PD. Morphometric assessment of the oxygen diffusion conductance in placentae from pregnancies complicated by intra-uterine growth restriction. Placenta 2003; 24:618-26. [PMID: 12828920 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(03)00044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The morphometric oxygen diffusive conductance (D(p)) of the placenta provides a measure of the efficiency of oxygen transfer between the mother and the developing fetus. Any change in the D(p)may point towards possible adaptation in the light of altered oxygen transfer. Placentae from normal (n=40) and small for gestational age SGA (n=24) pregnancies were analysed using stereological techniques. Each placenta was uniform randomly sampled and tissue samples processed to wax infiltration and embedding using conventional histological preparatory methods. A combination of stereological techniques and physiological constants were used to estimate the partial conductances across the five major tissue compartments involved in oxygen transfer. There was a significant reduction in both fetal birthweight and placental weight in the SGA group when compared with controls. A decrease in both chorionic (S(cv)) and fetal capillary (S(fc)) surface area was also observed in SGA placentae when compared with controls (P>0.001). Villous membrane harmonic thickness (T(vm)) was reduced in the SGA placentae (2.33 microm) when compared with controls (2.67 microm P=0.019). This resulted in a reduction in the minimum D(p)in SGA placentae when compared with controls (P=0.023). Adjusting for fetal weight resulted in no difference in the specific diffusive conductance. Changes in T(vm)in SGA placentae combined with changes in basic surface areas were insufficient to maintain overall D(p)values comparable with control placentae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ansari
- Department of Surgical Research, Northwick Park Institute of Medical Research, Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, Harrow, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bashir A, Yaqoob M, Ferngren H, Gustavson KH, Rydelius PA, Ansari T, Zaman S. Prevalence and associated impairments of mild mental retardation in six- to ten-year old children in Pakistan: a prospective study. Acta Paediatr 2003; 91:833-7. [PMID: 12200912 DOI: 10.1080/08035250213210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of mild mental retardation (MMR) in 6-10-y-old children in a prospectively followed cohort in Pakistan from four areas with different socioeconomic conditions. Retarded children were identified by a two-step method, comprising a household screening with the Ten Questions Screening in 649 families followed by clinical investigation and psychometric testing (WISC-R and Griffiths) of the 132 children found by the screening. The overall prevalence of MMR among 6-10-y-old children was 6.2%. The distribution of MMR was uneven, with 1.2% among children from the upper-middle class, 4.8% in the village, 6.1% in the urban slum and 10.5% in the poor periurban slum area. Additional impairments were found in 75% of the children with MMR, of which speech impairment was the most common. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MMR was found to be higher in a developing country than in developed countries. It also seemed to be related to poor socioeconomic conditions, as the prevalence in the upper-middle class was comparable to figures from developed countries, while the prevalence in children from poor population groups was much higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bashir
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University College London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|