1
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Maruyama T, Matsui S, Kobayashi R, Horii T, Oguri Y, Tsuzuki S, Horie T, Ono K, Hatada I, Sasaki T. Medium-Chain Triglycerides-Specific Appetite is Regulated by the β-oxidation of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in the Liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024. [PMID: 38597830 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00031.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Most studies on fat appetite have focused on long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) due to their obesogenic properties. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), conversely, exhibit anti-obesogenic effects; however, the regulation of MCTs intake remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that mice can distinguish between MCTs and LCTs, and the specific appetite for MCTs is governed by hepatic β-oxidation. We generated liver-specific medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)-deficient (MCADL-/-) mice and analyzed their preference for MCTs and LCTs solutions using glyceryl trioctanoate (C8-TG), glyceryl tridecanoate (C10-TG), corn oil, and lard oil in two-bottle choice tests conducted over 8 days. Additionally, we employed lick microstructure analyses to evaluate the palatability and appetite for MCTs and LCTs solutions. Finally, we measured the expression levels of genes associated with fat ingestion (Galanin, Qrfp, and Nmu) in the hypothalamus 2 h after oral gavage of fat. Compared to control mice, MCADL-/- mice exhibited a significantly reduced preference for MCTs solutions, with no alteration in the preference for LCTs. Lick analysis revealed that MCADL-/- mice displayed a significantly decreased appetite for MCTs solutions only, while the palatability of both MCTs and LCTs solutions remained unaffected. Hypothalamic Galanin expression in control mice was elevated by oral gavage of C8-TG but not by LCTs, and this response was abrogated in MCADL-/- mice. In summary, our data suggest that hepatic β-oxidation is required for MCTs-specific appetite but not for LCTs-specific appetite. The induction of hypothalamic galanin upon MCTs ingestion, dependent on hepatic beta-oxidation, could be involved in the regulation of MCTs-specific appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sho Matsui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyoto University, Sakyoku-Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Japan
| | - Yasuo Oguri
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyoto University, Sakyoku-Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyoto University, Sakyoku-Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyoto University, Sakyoku-Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Kawabata H, Konno A, Matsuzaki Y, Sato Y, Kawachi M, Aoki R, Tsutsumi S, Togai S, Kobayashi R, Horii T, Hatada I, Hirai H. Improving cell-specific recombination using AAV vectors in the murine CNS by capsid and expression cassette optimization. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101185. [PMID: 38282896 PMCID: PMC10811426 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The production of cell-type- and age-specific genetically modified mice is a powerful approach for unraveling unknown gene functions. Here, we present a simple and timesaving method that enables adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated cell-type- and age-specific recombination in floxed mice. To achieve astrocyte-specific recombination in floxed Ai14 reporter mice, we intravenously injected blood-brain barrier-penetrating AAV-PHP.eB vectors expressing Cre recombinase (Cre) using the astrocyte-specific mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein (mGfaABC1D) promoter. However, we observed nonspecific neuron-predominant transduction despite the use of an astrocyte-specific promoter. We speculated that subtle but continuous Cre expression in nonastrocytic cells triggers recombination, and that excess production of Cre in astrocytes inhibits recombination by forming Cre-DNA aggregates. Here, we resolved this paradoxical event by dividing a single AAV into two mGfaABC1D-promoter-driven AAV vectors, one expressing codon-optimized flippase (FlpO) and another expressing flippase recognition target-flanked rapidly degrading Cre (dCre), together with switching the neuron-tropic PHP.eB capsid to astrocyte-tropic AAV-F. Moreover, we found that the FlpO-dCre system with a target cell-tropic capsid can also function in neuron-targeting recombination in floxed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kawabata
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasunori Matsuzaki
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yumika Sato
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mika Kawachi
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoki
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Saki Tsutsumi
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shota Togai
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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3
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Chaomulige, Matsuo T, Sugimoto K, Miyaji M, Hosoya O, Ueda M, Kobayashi R, Horii T, Hatada I. Morphometric Analysis of the Eye by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MGST2-Gene-Deficient Mice. Biomedicines 2024; 12:370. [PMID: 38397974 PMCID: PMC10887158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Strabismus, a neuro-ophthalmological condition characterized by misalignment of the eyes, is a common ophthalmic disorder affecting both children and adults. In our previous study, we identified the microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2) gene as one of the potential candidates for comitant strabismus susceptibility in a Japanese population. The MGST2 gene belongs to the membrane-associated protein involved in the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators, and it is also found in the protection against oxidative stress by decreasing the reactivity of oxidized lipids. To look for the roles of the MGST2 gene in the development, eye alignment, and overall morphology of the eye as the possible background of strabismus, MGST2 gene knockout (KO) mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing with guide RNAs targeting the MGST2 exon 2. The ocular morphology of the KO mice was analyzed through high-resolution images obtained by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine for small animals. The morphometric analyses showed that the height, width, and volume of the eyeballs in MGST2 KO homozygous mice were significantly greater than those of wild-type mice, indicating that the eyes of MGST2 KO homozygous mice were significantly enlarged. There were no significant differences in the axis length and axis angle. These morphological changes may potentially contribute to the development of a subgroup of strabismus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomulige
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Toshihiko Matsuo
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mary Miyaji
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Osamu Hosoya
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.); (O.H.)
| | - Masashi Ueda
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging Analysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.K.); (T.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Takuro Horii
- Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.K.); (T.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.K.); (T.H.); (I.H.)
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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Morita S, Horii T, Kimura M, Kobayashi R, Tanaka H, Akita H, Hatada I. A Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Method for the Generation of Liver-Specific Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14299. [PMID: 37762602 PMCID: PMC10532048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Knockout mice are useful tools that can provide information about the normal function of genes, including their biochemical, developmental, and physiological roles. One problem associated with the generation of knockout mice is that the loss of some genes of interest produces a lethal phenotype. Therefore, the use of conditioned knockout mice, in which genes are disrupted in specific organs, is essential for the elucidation of disease pathogenesis and the verification of drug targets. In general, conditional knockout mice are produced using the Cre/loxP system; however, the production of the large numbers of Cre/flox knockout and control mice required for analysis requires substantial time and effort. Here, we describe the generation of liver-specific conditional knockout mice via the introduction of lipid nanoparticles encapsulating Cre mRNA into the liver of floxed mice. This technique does not require the production of offspring by mating floxed mice and is therefore more convenient than the conventional method. The results presented here demonstrate that the LNP-based method enables liver-specific gene knockout in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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Kobayashi R, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Terakawa J, Sugiyama M, Morita S, Horii T, Hatada I. Aberrant activation of estrogen receptor-α signaling in Mettl14-deficient uteri impairs embryo implantation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23093. [PMID: 37440278 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300735r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of endometrial receptivity is crucial for successful embryo implantation, which is strictly regulated by the ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. Despite our improved understanding of the genetic regulation of implantation downstream of the action of hormones, we do not know much about the epigenetic regulation that occurs during early pregnancy. To investigate the role of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in embryo implantation, we generated mice with conditional deletion of Mettl14, a core component of the m6A writer complex, in the uterus. These mice were infertile due to implantation failure. We showed that Mettl14-deficient uteri had aberrant upregulation of estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling and ERα phosphorylation, but progesterone receptor (PGR) signaling was largely unaffected. Additionally, Mettl14 deletion led to abnormal activation of the innate immune pathway in Mettl14-deficient uteri. This effect was accompanied by the infiltration of immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, into the basal region of the endometrial epithelium. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) showed that genes involved in the innate immune response had decreased m6A peaks in Mettl14-deficient mice. These results suggest that Mettl14 plays a crucial role in successful implantation by precisely regulating both ERα signaling and innate immunity in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Jumpei Terakawa
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Japan
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6
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Kobayashi R, Horii T, Hatada I. Efficient Detection of Flox Mice Using In Vitro Cre Recombination. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:149-159. [PMID: 36773145 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technologies have allowed for the rapid generation of Cre-loxP conditional knockout mice. However, current strategies for genotyping flox mice, typically based on Sanger sequencing following cloning of target sequences from dozens of pups, are time-consuming. Here, we describe a rapid screening method for flox mice, using in vitro Cre recombination that can be performed using simple enzymatic reactions and enables detection of functional flox mouse within 1 day. In addition, we introduce an efficient strategy for subsequent sequence analysis by cloning of floxed regions using the In-Fusion system. Our genotyping pipeline reduces laborious tasks and thus contributes to the rapid selection of accurately edited flox mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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7
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Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is the genome-editing technology that is most widely used around the world. Its widespread adoption is largely due to its simplicity and ease of use. Here, we introduce the construction of vectors and genome editing of the target gene in cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. .,Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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8
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Horii T, Kobayashi R, Hatada I. Generation of Floxed Mice by Sequential Electroporation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:135-147. [PMID: 36773144 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Generation of conditional knockout mice using the Cre-loxP system is essential for the analysis of gene functions. The use of CRISPR-Cas9 in combination with two sets of guide RNAs and single-stranded oligonucleotides including loxP sites enables simultaneous insertion of two loxP sequences. Unfortunately, this method induces double-strand breaks at two sites in the same chromosome, which causes an undesirable large chromosomal deletion and reduces the flanked loxP (flox) rate. To overcome this problem, we have developed a method that sequentially introduces each loxP sequence by electroporation at the one- and two-cell embryonic stages, respectively. This sequential electroporation method improves the floxing efficiency compared with the conventional simultaneous method, leading to a high yield of offspring with floxed alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan. .,Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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Taniuchi Y, Hiraide K, Su R, Ijuin K, Wei X, Horii T, Hatada I, Lee J. Analysis of absolute amounts of two meiotic cohesin subunits, RAD21L and REC8, in mouse spermatocytes. J Reprod Dev 2023; 69:78-86. [PMID: 36740274 PMCID: PMC10085773 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RAD2lL and REC8, meiosis-specific paralogs of the canonical cohesin subunit RAD21, are essential for proper formation of axial/lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex, synapsis of homologous chromosomes, and crossover recombination in mammalian meiosis. However, how many meiotic cohesins are present in germ cells has not been investigated because of the lack of an appropriate method of analysis. In the present study, to examine the intracellular amount of meiotic cohesins, we generated two strains of knock-in (KI) mice that expressed a 3×FLAG-tag at the C-terminus of RAD21L or REC8 protein using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Both KI mice were fertile. Western blot analyses and immunocytochemical studies revealed that expression levels and localization patterns of both RAD21L-3×FLAG and REC8-3×FLAG in KI mice were similar to those in wild-type mice. After confirming that tagging of endogenous RAD21L and REC8 with 3×FLAG did not affect their expression profiles, we evaluated the levels of RAD21L-3×FLAG and REC8-3×FLAG in the testes of 2-week-old mice in which only RAD21L and REC8 but little RAD21 are expressed in the meiocytes. By comparing the band intensities of testicular RAD21L-3×FLAG and REC8-3×FLAG with 3×FLAG-tagged recombinant proteins of known concentrations in western blot analysis, we found that there were approximately 413,000 RAD21L and 453,000 REC8 molecules per spermatocyte in the early stages of prophase I. These findings provide new insights into the role played by cohesins in the process of meiotic chromosome organization in mammalian germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Taniuchi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hiraide
- Laboratory of Developmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Rilige Su
- Laboratory of Developmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazune Ijuin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - XingQiang Wei
- Laboratory of Developmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.,Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Jibak Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Morita S, Horii T, Hatada I. Regulation of Gene Expression Using dCas9-SunTag Platforms. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2577:189-195. [PMID: 36173574 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2724-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulating gene expression is important for basic research and therapeutic applications. The epigenome is a record of genetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, and epigenetic changes can play a key role in modifying gene expression. With the advent of genome editing technologies, it has become possible to manipulate the epigenome of specific genomic regions to control gene expression. In particular, CRISPR-Cas9 systems have been used widely for epigenome editing due to their high efficiency, versatility, specificity, and ease of use. Here, we describe a protocol for the upregulation of specific genes using the dCas9-SunTag system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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Abstract
Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play an important role in gene silencing and genome stability; therefore, epigenetic mutations cause a variety of diseases. Analysis of the epigenome by next-generation sequencers has revealed many epigenetic mutations in various diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, autism, allergies, immune diseases, and imprinting diseases. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to identify the causative epigenetic mutations because there has been no method to generate animals with target-specific epigenetic mutations. However, it has become possible to generate such animals due to the recent development of epigenome editing technology. Here, we introduce the generation of epigenome-edited mice by target-specific DNA demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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12
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Horii T, Hatada I. Generation of Genome-Edited Mice by Cytoplasmic Injection of CRISPR-Cas9 RNA. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:75-86. [PMID: 36773139 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) (CRISPR-Cas9) gene editing enables rapid production of genome-edited animals. The Cas9/guide RNA (gRNA) component can be introduced into zygotes in several ways. Here, we provide an instructional guide for the generation of knockout mice using cytoplasmic injection of in vitro transcribed Cas9 RNA and gRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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13
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Horii T, Morita S, Kimura M, Hatada I. Efficient generation of epigenetic disease model mice by epigenome editing using the piggyBac transposon system. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:40. [PMID: 36522780 PMCID: PMC9756621 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenome-edited animal models enable direct demonstration of disease causing epigenetic mutations. Transgenic (TG) mice stably expressing epigenome-editing factors exhibit dramatic and stable changes in target epigenome modifications. Successful germline transmission of a transgene from founder mice to offspring will yield a sufficient number of epigenome-edited mice for phenotypic analysis; however, if the epigenetic mutation has a detrimental phenotypic effect, it can become difficult to obtain the next generation of animals. In this case, the phenotype of founder mice must be analyzed directly. Unfortunately, current TG mouse production efficiency (TG founders per pups born) is relatively low, and improvements would increase the versatility of this technology. RESULTS In the current study, we describe an approach to generate epigenome-edited TG mice using a combination of both the dCas9-SunTag and piggyBac (PB) transposon systems. Using this system, we successfully generated mice with demethylation of the differential methylated region of the H19 gene (H19-DMR), as a model for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS). SRS is a disorder leading to growth retardation, resulting from low insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene expression, often caused by epimutations at the H19-IGF2 locus. Under optimized conditions, the efficiency of TG mice production using the PB system was approximately threefold higher than that using the conventional method. TG mice generated by this system showed demethylation of the targeted DNA region and associated changes in gene expression. In addition, these mice exhibited some features of SRS, including intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, due to demethylation of H19-DMR. CONCLUSIONS The dCas9-SunTag and PB systems serve as a simple and reliable platform for conducting direct experiments using epigenome-edited founder mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan.
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512 Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan. .,Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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14
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Kobayashi R, Kawabata‐Iwakawa R, Sugiyama M, Oyama T, Ohtsuka M, Horii T, Morita S, Nishiyama M, Hatada I. Multiplexed genome editing by in vivo electroporation of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins effectively induces endometrial carcinoma in mice. Int J Cancer 2022; 152:2331-2337. [PMID: 36378073 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic effects among multiple gene mutations are involved in cancer development and progression. However, developing genetically modified mouse models to analyze various combinations of mutations is extremely labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address these problems, we developed a novel method for in vivo multiplexed genome editing of the murine uterus to model human endometrial carcinoma (EMC). To do this, we injected a CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex into the uterine cavity of adult female mice, followed by electroporation. Evaluation of reporter mice demonstrated that genome editing occurred specifically in uterine epithelial cells, which are the origin of EMCs. Simultaneous targeting of Pten/Trp53/Lkb1, or targeting of Pten/Lkb1 along with the Ctnnb1ΔEx3 mutation, resulted in efficient generation of invasive tumors in wild-type females within 3 months. This novel method will enable rapid and easy validation of many combinations of gene mutations that lead to endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University Gunma Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata‐Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR) Gunma Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine Aomori Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara Kanagawa Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University Isehara Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University Gunma Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University Gunma Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR) Gunma Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University Gunma Japan
- Viral Vector Core Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR) Gunma Japan
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15
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Yoshinaga M, Han K, Morgens DW, Horii T, Kobayashi R, Tsuruyama T, Hia F, Yasukura S, Kajiya A, Cai T, Cruz PHC, Vandenbon A, Suzuki Y, Kawahara Y, Hatada I, Bassik MC, Takeuchi O. The N 6-methyladenosine methyltransferase METTL16 enables erythropoiesis through safeguarding genome integrity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6435. [PMID: 36307435 PMCID: PMC9616860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During erythroid differentiation, the maintenance of genome integrity is key for the success of multiple rounds of cell division. However, molecular mechanisms coordinating the expression of DNA repair machinery in erythroid progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we discover that an RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, METTL16, plays an essential role in proper erythropoiesis by safeguarding genome integrity via the control of DNA-repair-related genes. METTL16-deficient erythroblasts exhibit defective differentiation capacity, DNA damage and activation of the apoptotic program. Mechanistically, METTL16 controls m6A deposition at the structured motifs in DNA-repair-related transcripts including Brca2 and Fancm mRNAs, thereby upregulating their expression. Furthermore, a pairwise CRISPRi screen revealed that the MTR4-nuclear RNA exosome complex is involved in the regulation of METTL16 substrate mRNAs in erythroblasts. Collectively, our study uncovers that METTL16 and the MTR4-nuclear RNA exosome act as essential regulatory machinery to maintain genome integrity and erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshinaga
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Kyuho Han
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - David W. Morgens
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Takuro Horii
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kobayashi
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Drug and Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Fabian Hia
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shota Yasukura
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Asako Kajiya
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Ting Cai
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Pedro H. C. Cruz
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Yukio Kawahara
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of RNA Biology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, 371-8512 Japan ,grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, 371-8512 Japan
| | - Michael C. Bassik
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
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16
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Yogosawa S, Ohkido M, Horii T, Okazaki Y, Nakayama J, Yoshida S, Toyokuni S, Hatada I, Morimoto M, Yoshida K. Mice lacking DYRK2 exhibit congenital malformations with lung hypoplasia and altered Foxf1 expression gradient. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1204. [PMID: 34671097 PMCID: PMC8528819 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital malformations cause life-threatening diseases in pediatrics, yet the molecular mechanism of organogenesis is poorly understood. Here we show that Dyrk2-deficient mice display congenital malformations in multiple organs. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecular pathology of Dyrk2-deficient mice, particularly with respect to Foxf1 reduction. Mutant pups exhibit sudden death soon after birth due to respiratory failure. Detailed analyses of primordial lungs at the early developmental stage demonstrate that Dyrk2 deficiency leads to altered airway branching and insufficient alveolar development. Furthermore, the Foxf1 expression gradient in mutant lung mesenchyme is disrupted, reducing Foxf1 target genes, which are necessary for proper airway and alveolar development. In ex vivo lung culture system, we rescue the expression of Foxf1 and its target genes in Dyrk2-deficient lung by restoring Shh signaling activity. Taken together, we demonstrate that Dyrk2 is essential for embryogenesis and its disruption results in congenital malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Yogosawa
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Ohkido
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Sugimoto H, Horii T, Hirota JN, Sano Y, Shinoda Y, Konno A, Hirai H, Ishizaki Y, Hirase H, Hatada I, Furuichi T, Sadakata T. The Ser19Stop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of human PHYHIPL affects the cerebellum in mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:52. [PMID: 33712038 PMCID: PMC7953787 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The HapMap Project is a major international research effort to construct a resource to facilitate the discovery of relationships between human genetic variations and health and disease. The Ser19Stop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of human phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase-interacting protein-like (PHYHIPL) gene was detected in HapMap project and registered in the dbSNP. PHYHIPL gene expression is altered in global ischemia and glioblastoma multiforme. However, the function of PHYHIPL is unknown. We generated PHYHIPL Ser19Stop knock-in mice and found that PHYHIPL impacts the morphology of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), the innervation of climbing fibers to PCs, the inhibitory inputs to PCs from molecular layer interneurons, and motor learning ability. Thus, the Ser19Stop SNP of the PHYHIPL gene may be associated with cerebellum-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Sugimoto
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Jun-Na Hirota
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Sano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yo Shinoda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ishizaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Teiichi Furuichi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sadakata
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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18
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Horii T, Kobayashi R, Kimura M, Morita S, Hatada I. Calcium-Free and Cytochalasin B Treatment Inhibits Blastomere Fusion in 2-Cell Stage Embryos for the Generation of Floxed Mice via Sequential Electroporation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051088. [PMID: 32354036 PMCID: PMC7290713 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of conditional knockout mice using the Cre-loxP system is advantageous for the functional analysis of genes. Flanked by two loxP sites (floxed) mice can be directly obtained from fertilized eggs by the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. We previously reported that sequential knock-in (KI) of each loxP site by electroporation (EP) at the 1- and 2-cell embryonic stages increases the number of mice with floxed alleles compared with simultaneous KI. However, EP at the 2-cell stage frequently induced blastomere fusion. These fused embryos cannot develop to term because they are tetraploidized. In this study, we examined the following three conditions to inhibit blastomere fusion by EP at the 2-cell stage: (1) hypertonic treatment, (2) Calcium (Ca2+)-free treatment, and (3) actin polymerization inhibition. Hypertonic treatment of 2-cell stage embryos prevented blastomere fusion and facilitated blastocyst development; however, KI efficiency was decreased. Ca2+-free treatment and actin polymerization inhibition by cytochalasin B (CB) reduced fusion rate, and did not have negative effects on development and KI efficiency. These results suggest that Ca2+-free and CB treatment at the 2-cell stage is effective to generate floxed mice in combination with a sequential EP method.
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19
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Horii T, Morita S, Hino S, Kimura M, Hino Y, Kogo H, Nakao M, Hatada I. Successful generation of epigenetic disease model mice by targeted demethylation of the epigenome. Genome Biol 2020; 21:77. [PMID: 32234052 PMCID: PMC7110793 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-01991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, play an important role in gene silencing and genome stability. Consequently, epigenetic dysregulation can cause several diseases, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, autism, and imprinting disorders. RESULTS We validate three methods for the generation of epigenome-edited mice using the dCas9-SunTag and single-chain variable fragment-TET1 catalytic domain. We generate model mice for Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), an imprinting disorder, by target-specific DNA demethylation in the H19 differentially methylated region. Like SRS patients, these mice show H19 upregulation and Igf2 downregulation, leading to severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. CONCLUSION This is the first report of an imprinting disease model animal generated by targeted demethylation of specific loci of the epigenome in fertilized eggs. Epigenome-edited animals are also useful for exploring the causative epimutations in epigenetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Yuko Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kogo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan.
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20
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Morita S, Horii T, Kimura M, Hatada I. Synergistic Upregulation of Target Genes by TET1 and VP64 in the dCas9-SunTag Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1574. [PMID: 32106616 PMCID: PMC7084704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of a gene of interest is a general approach used in both basic research and therapeutic applications. However, the conventional approach involving overexpression of exogenous genes has difficulty achieving complete genome coverage, and is also limited by the cloning capacity of viral vectors. Therefore, an alternative approach would be to drive the expression of an endogenous gene using an artificial transcriptional activator. Fusion proteins of dCas9 and a transcription activation domain, such as dCas9-VP64, are widely used for activation of endogenous genes. However, when using a single sgRNA, the activation range is low. Consequently, tiling of several sgRNAs is required for robust transcriptional activation. Here we describe the screening of factors that exhibit the best synergistic activation of gene expression with TET1 in the dCas9-SunTag format. All seven factors examined showed some synergy with TET1. Among them, VP64 gave the best results. Thus, simultaneous tethering of VP64 and TET1 to a target gene using an optimized dCas9-SunTag format synergistically activates gene expression using a single sgRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
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21
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Watanabe H, Higashimoto K, Miyake N, Morita S, Horii T, Kimura M, Suzuki T, Maeda T, Hidaka H, Aoki S, Yatsuki H, Okamoto N, Uemura T, Hatada I, Matsumoto N, Soejima H. DNA methylation analysis of multiple imprinted DMRs in Sotos syndrome reveals IGF2-DMR0 as a DNA methylation-dependent, P0 promoter-specific enhancer. FASEB J 2019; 34:960-973. [PMID: 31914674 PMCID: PMC6973060 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901757r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of NSD1, which dimethylates histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36), causes Sotos syndrome (SoS), an overgrowth syndrome. DNMT3A and DNMT3B recognizes H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) through PWWP domain to exert de novo DNA methyltransferase activity and establish imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Since decrease of H3K36me3 and genome‐wide DNA hypomethylation in SoS were observed, hypomethylation of imprinted DMRs in SoS was suggested. We explored DNA methylation status of 28 imprinted DMRs in 31 SoS patients with NSD1 defect and found that hypomethylation of IGF2‐DMR0 and IG‐DMR in a substantial proportion of SoS patients. Luciferase assay revealed that IGF2‐DMR0 enhanced transcription from the IGF2 P0 promoter but not the P3 and P4 promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative PCR (ChIP‐qPCR) revealed active enhancer histone modifications at IGF2‐DMR0, with high enrichment of H3K4me1 and H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). CRISPR‐Cas9 epigenome editing revealed that specifically induced hypomethylation at IGF2‐DMR0 increased transcription from the P0 promoter but not the P3 and P4 promoters. NSD1 knockdown suggested that NSD1 targeted IGF2‐DMR0; however, IGF2‐DMR0 DNA methylation and IGF2 expression were unaltered. This study could elucidate the function of IGF2‐DMR0 as a DNA methylation dependent, P0 promoter‐specific enhancer. NSD1 may play a role in the establishment or maintenance of IGF2‐DMR0 methylation during the postimplantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Watanabe
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Ken Higashimoto
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hidaka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Saori Aoki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yatsuki
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Uemura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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22
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Abstract
DNA methylation, one of the most studied epigenetic modifications, regulates many biological processes. Dysregulation of DNA methylation is implicated in the etiology of several diseases, such as cancer and imprinting diseases. Accordingly, technologies designed to manipulate DNA methylation at specific loci are very important, and many epigenome editing technologies have been developed, based on zinc finger proteins, TALEs, and CRISPR/dCas9 targeting. We describe a protocol to induce and assess DNA demethylation on a target gene. It is based on a modification of the dCas9-SunTag system for efficient, targeted demethylation at specific DNA loci. The original SunTag system consists of ten copies of the GCN4 peptide separated by 5-amino-acid linkers. To achieve efficient recruitment of an anti-GCN4 scFv fused to the ten-eleven (TET) 1 hydroxylase, an enzyme that demethylates DNA, we changed the linker length to 22 amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Biosignal Genome Resource Center, IMCR, Gunma University, Maebashi City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Biosignal Genome Resource Center, IMCR, Gunma University, Maebashi City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Biosignal Genome Resource Center, IMCR, Gunma University, Maebashi City, Gunma, Japan.
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23
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Shibutani M, Horii T, Shoji H, Morita S, Kimura M, Terawaki N, Miyakawa T, Hatada I. Arid1b Haploinsufficiency Causes Abnormal Brain Gene Expression and Autism-Related Behaviors in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1872. [PMID: 28867767 PMCID: PMC5618521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with core symptoms that include poor social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Several ASD mouse models exhibit impaired social interaction, anxiety-like behavior, and elevated perseveration. Large-scale whole exome sequencing studies identified many genes putatively associated with ASD. Like chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8 (CHD8), the most frequently mutated gene in individuals with ASD, the candidate gene AT-rich interaction domain 1B (ARID1B) encodes a chromatin remodeling factor. Arid1b heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice exhibited ASD-like traits related to social behavior, anxiety, and perseveration, in addition to associated features reported in some cases of ASD, such as reduced weight, impaired motor coordination, and hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was present in 5 of 91 hKO mice, while it was not observed in wild-type littermates (0 of 188). Genome-wide gene expression patterns in Arid1b hKO mice were similar to those in ASD patients and Chd8-haploinsufficient mice, an ASD model, and to developmental changes in gene expression in fast-spiking cells in the mouse brain. Our results suggest that Arid1b haploinsufficiency causes ASD-like phenotypes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiro Shibutani
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
| | - Naomi Terawaki
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan.
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24
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Horii T, Morita S, Kimura M, Terawaki N, Shibutani M, Hatada I. Efficient generation of conditional knockout mice via sequential introduction of lox sites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7891. [PMID: 28801621 PMCID: PMC5554182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditional knockout using Cre/lox is essential for functional analysis of genes. CRISPR/Cas in combination with two sets of guide RNAs and a single-stranded oligonucleotide enables simultaneous insertion of two lox sequences. However, this method induces double-strand breaks at two sites on the same chromosome, which causes an undesirable chromosomal deletion and reduces the flanked lox (flox) rate. To solve this problem, we investigated a method that sequentially introduces each lox sequence at the 1-cell and 2-cell embryonic stages, respectively. The sequential method was applied to both microinjection and electroporation systems. Sequential electroporation improved the flox efficiency compared with ordinary simultaneous microinjection, leading to a high yield of offspring with floxed alleles. Finally, we directly produced Cre/lox mice containing both the Cre transgene and floxed allele via sequential electroporation using Cre zygotes, which accelerated the generation of conditional knockout mice compared with the ordinary method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Naomi Terawaki
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Mihiro Shibutani
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan.
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25
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Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is a novel method that has become the most widely used genome editing technology around the world. Its widespread adoption is largely due to its simplicity and easy of use. Here, we introduce the construction of vectors and genome editing of the target gene in cells expressing the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512, Gunma, Japan
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26
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Abstract
CRISPR/Cas enables rapid production of genome-edited animals. The Cas9/gRNA component can be introduced to fertilized eggs in several ways. Here, we provide an instructional guide for the generation of knockout mice by cytoplasmic injection using in vitro transcribed Cas9 and gRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512, Gunma, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, 371-8512, Gunma, Japan
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27
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Morita S, Noguchi H, Horii T, Nakabayashi K, Kimura M, Okamura K, Sakai A, Nakashima H, Hata K, Nakashima K, Hatada I. Targeted DNA demethylation in vivo using dCas9-peptide repeat and scFv-TET1 catalytic domain fusions. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 34:1060-1065. [PMID: 27571369 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of DNA methylation in health and disease, technologies to readily manipulate methylation of specific sequences for functional analysis and therapeutic purposes are lacking. Here we adapt the previously described dCas9-SunTag for efficient, targeted demethylation of specific DNA loci. The original SunTag consists of ten copies of the GCN4 peptide separated by 5-amino-acid linkers. To achieve efficient recruitment of an anti-GCN4 scFv fused to the ten-eleven (TET) 1 hydroxylase, which induces demethylation, we changed the linker length to 22 amino acids. The system attains demethylation efficiencies >50% in seven out of nine loci tested. Four of these seven loci showed demethylation of >90%. We demonstrate targeted demethylation of CpGs in regulatory regions and demethylation-dependent 1.7- to 50-fold upregulation of associated genes both in cell culture (embryonic stem cells, cancer cell lines, primary neural precursor cells) and in vivo in mouse fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Sakai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Vertebrate genomes are highly methylated at cytosine residues in CpG sequences. CpG
methylation plays an important role in epigenetic gene silencing and genome stability.
Compared with other epigenetic modifications, CpG methylation is thought to be relatively
stable; however, it is sometimes affected by environmental changes, leading to epigenetic
instability and disease. CpG methylation is reversible and regulated by DNA
methyltransferases and demethylases including ten-eleven translocation. Here, we discuss
CpG methylation instability and the regulation of CpG methylation by DNA
methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation in pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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29
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Hirano H, Gootenberg JS, Horii T, Abudayyeh OO, Kimura M, Hsu PD, Nakane T, Ishitani R, Hatada I, Zhang F, Nishimasu H, Nureki O. Structure and Engineering of Francisella novicida Cas9. Cell 2016; 164:950-61. [PMID: 26875867 PMCID: PMC4899972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 cleaves double-stranded DNA targets complementary to the guide RNA and has been applied to programmable genome editing. Cas9-mediated cleavage requires a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) juxtaposed with the DNA target sequence, thus constricting the range of targetable sites. Here, we report the 1.7 Å resolution crystal structures of Cas9 from Francisella novicida (FnCas9), one of the largest Cas9 orthologs, in complex with a guide RNA and its PAM-containing DNA targets. A structural comparison of FnCas9 with other Cas9 orthologs revealed striking conserved and divergent features among distantly related CRISPR-Cas9 systems. We found that FnCas9 recognizes the 5'-NGG-3' PAM, and used the structural information to create a variant that can recognize the more relaxed 5'-YG-3' PAM. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the FnCas9-ribonucleoprotein complex can be microinjected into mouse zygotes to edit endogenous sites with the 5'-YG-3' PAM, thus expanding the target space of the CRISPR-Cas9 toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisato Hirano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jonathan S Gootenberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Omar O Abudayyeh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Patrick D Hsu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Takanori Nakane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Ishitani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nishimasu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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30
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Morita S, Nakabayashi K, Kawai T, Hayashi K, Horii T, Kimura M, Kamei Y, Ogawa Y, Hata K, Hatada I. Gene expression profiling of white adipose tissue reveals paternal transmission of proneness to obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21693. [PMID: 26868178 PMCID: PMC4751506 DOI: 10.1038/srep21693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that C57BL/6J (B6) mice are more prone to develop obesity than PWK mice. In addition, we analyzed reciprocal crosses between these mice and found that (PWK × B6) F1 mice, which have B6 fathers, are more likely to develop dietary obesity than (B6 × PWK) F1 mice, which have B6 mothers. These results suggested that diet-induced obesity is paternally transmitted. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of adipose tissues of B6, PWK, (PWK × B6) F1, and (B6 × PWK) F1 mice using next-generation sequencing. We found that paternal transmission of diet-induced obesity was correlated with genes involved in adipose tissue inflammation, metal ion transport, and cilia. Furthermore, we analyzed the imprinted genes expressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) and obesity. Expression of paternally expressed imprinted genes (PEGs) was negatively correlated with body weight, whereas expression of maternally expressed imprinted genes (MEGs) was positively correlated. In the obesity-prone B6 mice, expression of PEGs was down-regulated by a high-fat diet, suggesting that abnormally low expression of PEGs contributes to high-fat diet-induced obesity in B6 mice. In addition, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms that differ between B6 and PWK, we identified candidate imprinted genes in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Keiko Hayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura Setagaya-ku Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi Maebashi, 371-8512, Japan
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31
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Kafer GR, Li X, Horii T, Suetake I, Tajima S, Hatada I, Carlton PM. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Marks Sites of DNA Damage and Promotes Genome Stability. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1283-1292. [PMID: 26854228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a DNA base created during active DNA demethylation by the recently discovered TET enzymes. 5hmC has essential roles in gene expression and differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that 5hmC also localizes to sites of DNA damage and repair. 5hmC accumulates at damage foci induced by aphidicolin and microirradiation and colocalizes with major DNA damage response proteins 53BP1 and γH2AX, revealing 5hmC as an epigenetic marker of DNA damage. Deficiency for the TET enzymes eliminates damage-induced 5hmC accumulation and elicits chromosome segregation defects in response to replication stress. Our results indicate that the TET enzymes and 5hmC play essential roles in ensuring genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Rose Kafer
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Isao Suetake
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Shoji Tajima
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Peter Mark Carlton
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency.
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32
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Abstract
Genome editing technologies represent a major breakthrough that has dramatically altered strategies in a wide range of biological studies. Genome editing simplifies and accelerates the creation of animal disease models and enables construction of models in most animal species, even those that are not amenable to conventional gene targeting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
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33
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Abstract
Clustered regularly at interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases, so-called CRISPR/Cas, was recently developed as an epoch-making genome engineering technology. This system only requires Cas9 nuclease and single-guide RNA complementary to a target locus. CRISPR/Cas enables the generation of knockout cells and animals in a single step. This system can also be used to generate multiple mutations and knockin in a single step, which is not possible using other methods. In this review, we provide an overview of genome editing by CRISPR/Cas in pluripotent stem cells and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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34
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Abstract
Gene targeting technologies are essential for the analysis of gene functions. Knockout mouse generation via
genetic modification of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is the commonest example, but it is a time-consuming and
labor-intensive procedure. Recently, a novel genome editing technology called CRISPR/Cas has enabled the
direct production of knockout mice by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated mutations. Unexpectedly,
however, it generally exhibits a low efficiency in homologous recombination (HR) and is prone to high
mosaicism. Meanwhile, gene targeting using ESCs is still being improved, as reported by Fukuda et
al. in this issue. Here, we outline current gene targeting technologies with special emphasis on
HR-mediated technologies, which are currently being performed using these two major strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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35
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Horii T, Yamamoto M, Morita S, Kimura M, Nagao Y, Hatada I. p53 suppresses tetraploid development in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8907. [PMID: 25752699 PMCID: PMC4354145 DOI: 10.1038/srep08907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian tetraploid embryos die in early development because of defects in the epiblast. Experiments with diploid/tetraploid chimeric mice, obtained via the aggregation of embryonic stem cells, clarified that while tetraploid cells are excluded from epiblast derivatives, diploid embryos with tetraploid extraembryonic tissues can develop to term. Today, this method, known as tetraploid complementation, is usually used for rescuing extraembryonic defects or for obtaining completely embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived pups. However, it is still unknown why defects occur in the epiblast during mammalian development. Here, we demonstrated that downregulation of p53, a tumour suppressor protein, rescued tetraploid development in the mammalian epiblast. Tetraploidy in differentiating epiblast cells triggered p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting the activation of a tetraploidy checkpoint during early development. Finally, we found that p53 downregulation rescued tetraploid embryos later in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Nagao
- Medical Research Center, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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Abstract
Recently, an epoch-making genome engineering technology using clustered regularly at interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated (Cas) nucleases, was developed. Previous technologies for genome manipulation require the time-consuming design and construction of genome-engineered nucleases for each target and have, therefore, not been widely used in mouse research where standard techniques based on homologous recombination are commonly used. The CRISPR/Cas system only requires the design of sequences complementary to a target locus, making this technology fast and straightforward. In addition, CRISPR/Cas can be used to generate mice carrying mutations in multiple genes in a single step, an achievement not possible using other methods. Here, we review the uses of this technology in genetic analysis and manipulation, including achievements made possible to date and the prospects for future therapeutic applications.
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Yamada H, Tabe Y, Watanabe K, Morishita S, Yuri M, Yokoo M, Horii T, Shimizu N, Kimura S, Ohsaka A. Harmonization of quantitative BCR-ABL measurements using the secondary reference material anchored to the WHO primary standards. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 37:e29-33. [PMID: 25041536 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Yamada
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Horii T, Arai Y, Yamazaki M, Morita S, Kimura M, Itoh M, Abe Y, Hatada I. Validation of microinjection methods for generating knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4513. [PMID: 24675426 PMCID: PMC5380110 DOI: 10.1038/srep04513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas system, in which the Cas9 endonuclease and a guide RNA complementary to the target are sufficient for RNA-guided cleavage of the target DNA, is a powerful new approach recently developed for targeted gene disruption in various animal models. However, there is little verification of microinjection methods for generating knockout mice using this approach. Here, we report the verification of microinjection methods of the CRISPR/Cas system. We compared three methods for injection: (1) injection of DNA into the pronucleus, (2) injection of RNA into the pronucleus, and (3) injection of RNA into the cytoplasm. We found that injection of RNA into the cytoplasm was the most efficient method in terms of the numbers of viable blastocyst stage embryos and full-term pups generated. This method also showed the best overall knockout efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan [2]
| | - Yuji Arai
- 1] Division of Developmental Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Genetics Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita Osaka 565-8565, Japan [2]
| | - Miho Yamazaki
- 1] Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan [2] Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan [3] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma CHUO General Hospital, 1-7-13, Kouun-cho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0025, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma CHUO General Hospital, 1-7-13, Kouun-cho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0025, Japan
| | - Yumiko Abe
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8514, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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Morita S, Horii T, Kimura M, Arai Y, Kamei Y, Ogawa Y, Hatada I. Paternal allele influences high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85477. [PMID: 24416415 PMCID: PMC3885714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C57BL/6J (B6) mice are susceptible to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and have been used in metabolism research for many decades. However, the genetic component of HFD-induced obesity has not yet been elucidated. This study reports evidence for a paternal transmission of HFD-induced obesity and a correlated expression of Igf2 and Peg3 (paternal expressed gene 3) imprinted genes. We found that PWK mice are resistant to HFD-induced obesity compared to C57BL/6J mice. Therefore, we generated and analyzed reciprocal crosses between these mice, namely; (PWK×B6) F1 progeny with B6 father and (B6×PWK) F1 progeny with PWK father. The (PWK×B6) F1 mice were more sensitive to diet-induced obesity compared to (B6×PWK) F1 mice, suggesting a paternal transmission of diet-induced obesity. Expression analysis of imprinted genes in adipocytes revealed that HFD influences the expression of some of the imprinted genes in adipose tissue in B6 and PWK mice. Interestingly, Igf2 and Peg3, which are paternally expressed imprinted genes involved in the regulation of body fat accumulation, were down-regulated in B6 and (PWK×B6) F1 mice, which are susceptible to HFD-induced obesity, but not in PWK and (B6×PWK) F1 mice, which are resistant. Furthermore, in vitro analysis showed that Igf2, but not Peg3, had an anti-inflammatory effect on TNF-α induced MCP-1 expression in adipocytes. Taken together, our findings suggest that the down-regulation of Igf2 and Peg3 imprinted genes in adipocytes may be involved in the paternal transmission of HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Showa-machi Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Showa-machi Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Showa-machi Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Division of Developmental Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Genetics, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Showa-machi Maebashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Horii T, Morita S, Kimura M, Kobayashi R, Tamura D, Takahashi RU, Kimura H, Suetake I, Ohata H, Okamoto K, Tajima S, Ochiya T, Abe Y, Hatada I. Genome engineering of mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells using the Cas9/RNA system. PeerJ 2013; 1:e230. [PMID: 24432195 PMCID: PMC3883491 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are useful for studying mammalian genes because disruption of only one allele can cause loss-of-function phenotypes. Here, we report the use of haploid ESCs and the CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease gene-targeting system to manipulate mammalian genes. Co-transfection of haploid ESCs with vectors expressing Cas9 nuclease and single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3 resulted in the complete disruption of all three genes and caused a loss-of-function phenotype with high efficiency (50%). Co-transfection of cells with vectors expressing Cas9 and sgRNAs targeting two loci on the same chromosome resulted in the creation of a large chromosomal deletion and a large inversion. Thus, the use of the CRISPR system in combination with haploid ESCs provides a powerful platform to manipulate the mammalian genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Ryouhei Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan ; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Daiki Tamura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Ryou-U Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Chuo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hironobu Kimura
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Isao Suetake
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohata
- Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Chuo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Development System, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Chuo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shoji Tajima
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute , Chuo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yumiko Abe
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Maebashi, Gunma , Japan
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Horii T, Tamura D, Morita S, Kimura M, Hatada I. Generation of an ICF syndrome model by efficient genome editing of human induced pluripotent stem cells using the CRISPR system. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19774-81. [PMID: 24084724 PMCID: PMC3821585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome manipulation of human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is essential to achieve their full potential as tools for regenerative medicine. To date, however, gene targeting in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has proven to be extremely difficult. Recently, an efficient genome manipulation technology using the RNA-guided DNase Cas9, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, has been developed. Here we report the efficient generation of an iPS cell model for immunodeficiency, centromeric region instability, facial anomalies syndrome (ICF) syndrome using the CRISPR system. We obtained iPS cells with mutations in both alleles of DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) in 63% of transfected clones. Our data suggest that the CRISPR system is highly efficient and useful for genome engineering of human iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (T.H.); (D.T.); (S.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Daiki Tamura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (T.H.); (D.T.); (S.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (T.H.); (D.T.); (S.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (T.H.); (D.T.); (S.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (T.H.); (D.T.); (S.M.); (M.K.)
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Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells plays an essential role in blood glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes. Many genes are involved in the secretion of insulin and most of these genes can be targeted by microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the role of miRNAs in insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes has not been exhaustively studied. The expression miR-184, a miRNA enriched in pancreatic islets, negatively correlates with insulin secretion, suggesting that it is a good candidate for miRNA-mediated regulation of insulin secretion. Here we report that miR-184 inhibits insulin secretion in the MIN6 pancreatic β-cell line through the repression of its target Slc25a22, a mitochondrial glutamate carrier. Our study provides new insight into the regulation of insulin secretion by glutamate transport in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University , Japan
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Morita S, Horii T, Kimura M, Ochiya T, Tajima S, Hatada I. miR-29 represses the activities of DNA methyltransferases and DNA demethylases. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14647-58. [PMID: 23857059 PMCID: PMC3742264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the microRNA-29 (miR-29) family directly target the DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Disturbances in the expression levels of miR-29 have been linked to tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. Members of the miR-29 family are currently thought to repress DNA methylation and suppress tumorigenesis by protecting against de novo methylation. Here, we report that members of the miR-29 family repress the activities of DNA methyltransferases and DNA demethylases, which have opposing roles in control of DNA methylation status. Members of the miR-29 family directly inhibited DNA methyltransferases and two major factors involved in DNA demethylation, namely tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). Overexpression of miR-29 upregulated the global DNA methylation level in some cancer cells and downregulated DNA methylation in other cancer cells, suggesting that miR-29 suppresses tumorigenesis by protecting against changes in the existing DNA methylation status rather than by preventing de novo methylation of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Shoji Tajima
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
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Nakamura A, Miyake K, Misawa S, Kuno Y, Horii T, Kondo S, Tabe Y, Ohsaka A. Meropenem as predictive risk factor for isolation of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Hosp Infect 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Morita S, Takahashi RU, Yamashita R, Toyoda A, Horii T, Kimura M, Fujiyama A, Nakai K, Tajima S, Matoba R, Ochiya T, Hatada I. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and expression of microRNAs in breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:8259-8272. [PMID: 22942701 PMCID: PMC3430232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13078259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation of promoters is linked to transcriptional silencing of protein-coding genes, and its alteration plays important roles in cancer formation. For example, hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes has been seen in some cancers. Alteration of methylation in the promoters of microRNAs (miRNAs) has also been linked to transcriptional changes in cancers; however, no systematic studies of methylation and transcription of miRNAs have been reported. In the present study, to clarify the relation between DNA methylation and transcription of miRNAs, next-generation sequencing and microarrays were used to analyze the methylation and expression of miRNAs, protein-coding genes, other non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and pseudogenes in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and the adriamycin (ADR) resistant cell line MCF7/ADR. DNA methylation in the proximal promoter of miRNAs is tightly linked to transcriptional silencing, as it is with protein-coding genes. In protein-coding genes, highly expressed genes have CpG-rich proximal promoters whereas weakly expressed genes do not. This is only rarely observed in other gene categories, including miRNAs. The present study highlights the epigenetic similarities and differences between miRNA and protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Ryou-u Takahashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; E-Mails: (R.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Riu Yamashita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 6-3-09, aza Aoba, Aramaki, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Center for Genetic Resource Information, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; E-Mails: (A.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Mika Kimura
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- Center for Genetic Resource Information, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; E-Mails: (A.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Shoji Tajima
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Ryo Matoba
- DNA Chip Research Inc., 1-1-43 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; E-Mails: (R.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan; E-Mails: (S.M.); (T.H.); (M.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8057; Fax: +81-27-220-8110
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Arisue N, Hashimoto T, Mitsui H, Palacpac NMQ, Kaneko A, Kawai S, Hasegawa M, Tanabe K, Horii T. The Plasmodium Apicoplast Genome: Conserved Structure and Close Relationship of P. ovale to Rodent Malaria Parasites. Mol Biol Evol 2012; 29:2095-9. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mss082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Horii T, Yoshida Y, Komatsu K. Surveying awareness of hand hygiene guidelines in the Sanin region of Japan. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239528 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Horii T, Suetake I, Yanagisawa E, Morita S, Kimura M, Nagao Y, Imai H, Tajima S, Hatada I. The Dnmt3b splice variant is specifically expressed in in vitro-manipulated blastocysts and their derivative ES cells. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:579-85. [PMID: 21666347 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of preimplantation embryos in vitro, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), in vitro culture (IVC), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and other assisted reproduction technologies (ART), has contributed to the development of infertility treatment and new animal reproduction methods. However, such embryos often exhibit abnormal DNA methylation patterns in imprinted genes and centromeric satellite repeats. These DNA methylation patterns are established and maintained by three DNA methyltransferases: Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. Dnmt3b is responsible for the creation of methylation patterns during the early stage of embryogenesis and consists of many alternative splice variants that affect methylation activity; nevertheless, the roles of these variants have not yet been identified. In this study, we found an alternatively spliced variant of Dnmt3b lacking exon 6 (Dnmt3bΔ6) that is specific to mouse IVC embryos. Dnmt3bΔ6 also showed prominent expression in embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from in vitro manipulated embryos. Interestingly, IVC blastocysts were hypomethylated in centromeric satellite repeat regions that could be susceptible to methylation by Dnmt3b. In vitro methylation activity assays showed that Dnmt3bΔ6 had lower activity than normal Dnmt3b. Our findings suggest that Dnmt3bΔ6 could induce a hypomethylation status especially in in vitro manipulated embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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Takashima Y, Mizohata E, Tokuoka K, Kusakari Y, Krungkrai SR, Matsumura H, Krungkrai J, Horii T, Inoue T. Structure analysis of inhibitor complex of OMP decarboxylase from P. falciparum. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311092555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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