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Broekhoven AGC, Ostyn T, van Melkebeke L, Verspaget HW, van der Merwe S, Verbeek J, Coenraad MJ, Roskams TA, Nevens F. Histological characteristics in patients admitted to the hospital with alcoholic hepatitis complicated by acute-on-chronic liver failure. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:577-583. [PMID: 38306114 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2309527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a frequent precipitating event for the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), a syndrome characterised by organ failures due to immune dysfunction. The histological features of this complication are not well characterized. We investigated whether ACLF has specific histological characteristics. METHODS Prospective cohort study in consecutive adult patients admitted between 03-2008 and 04-2021 to a tertiary referral centre with suspected AH. Diagnosis of AH was based on clinical presentation and confirmed by transjugular liver biopsy. All biopsies were assessed by a dedicated liver pathologist, blinded for clinical data and outcome. Diagnosis of ACLF was based on EASL-CLIF criteria. Histological and clinical characteristics of patients with and without ACLF at baseline were compared. RESULTS 184 patients with biopsy-proven AH were enrolled. Median time from hospital admission to transjugular biopsy was 4.5 days (IQR 2-8). At baseline, ACLF was present in 73 patients (39.7%). Out of the 110 patients without ACLF at baseline, 30 (27.3%) developed ACLF within 28 days (median 7.5 days (IQR 2-20)). At baseline, ductular bilirubinostasis (DB) was the only histological feature significantly more frequently present in patients with ACLF compared to patients without ACLF (50.7% vs. 30.6%, p = 0.003). No clear association between histological features and the development of ACLF later on could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS In this well-defined cohort of patients with biopsy-proven AH, DB was associated with the presence of ACLF. This finding fits with the pathophysiology of this syndrome, which is characterized by systemic inflammation and an increased risk of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelotte G C Broekhoven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Ostyn
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas van Melkebeke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hein W Verspaget
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Minneke J Coenraad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tania A Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepatology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Bird TG, Müller M, Boulter L, Vincent DF, Ridgway RA, Lopez-Guadamillas E, Lu WY, Jamieson T, Govaere O, Campbell AD, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Cole AM, Hay T, Simpson KJ, Clark W, Hedley A, Clarke M, Gentaz P, Nixon C, Bryce S, Kiourtis C, Sprangers J, Nibbs RJB, Van Rooijen N, Bartholin L, McGreal SR, Apte U, Barry ST, Iredale JP, Clarke AR, Serrano M, Roskams TA, Sansom OJ, Forbes SJ. TGFβ inhibition restores a regenerative response in acute liver injury by suppressing paracrine senescence. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaan1230. [PMID: 30111642 PMCID: PMC6420144 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver injury results in rapid regeneration through hepatocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. However, after acute severe injury, such as acetaminophen poisoning, effective regeneration may fail. We investigated how senescence may underlie this regenerative failure. In human acute liver disease, and murine models, p21-dependent hepatocellular senescence was proportionate to disease severity and was associated with impaired regeneration. In an acetaminophen injury mouse model, a transcriptional signature associated with the induction of paracrine senescence was observed within 24 hours and was followed by one of impaired proliferation. In mouse genetic models of hepatocyte injury and senescence, we observed transmission of senescence to local uninjured hepatocytes. Spread of senescence depended on macrophage-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) ligand. In acetaminophen poisoning, inhibition of TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFβR1) improved mouse survival. TGFβR1 inhibition reduced senescence and enhanced liver regeneration even when delivered beyond the therapeutic window for treating acetaminophen poisoning. This mechanism, in which injury-induced senescence impairs liver regeneration, is an attractive therapeutic target for developing treatments for acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH164TJ, UK
| | - Miryam Müller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | | | - Elena Lopez-Guadamillas
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | - Olivier Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sofía Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Alicia M Cole
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Trevor Hay
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kenneth J Simpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - William Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mairi Clarke
- Institute for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Pauline Gentaz
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Steven Bryce
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Joep Sprangers
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Nico Van Rooijen
- Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon I University UMR S 1052, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Steven R McGreal
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Simon T Barry
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - John P Iredale
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH164TJ, UK
- University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Alan R Clarke
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania A Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH164TJ, UK
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3
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Schotanus BA, van den Ingh TSGAM, Penning LC, Rothuizen J, Roskams TA, Spee B. Cross-species immunohistochemical investigation of the activation of the liver progenitor cell niche in different types of liver disease. Liver Int 2009; 29:1241-52. [PMID: 19490419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When hepatocyte replication during liver disease is insufficient for regeneration, liver progenitor cells (LPCs) are activated. The cells and stroma in the immediate environment of LPCs, together termed the LPC niche, are thought to play an important role in this activation. Among these cells are the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)/myofibroblasts (MFs). AIMS/METHODS We assessed the activation of HSC/MFs and LPCs in relation to the histological location and extent of liver disease in immunohistochemically (double) stained serial sections. Markers of HSC/MFs [alpha-smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurotrophin 3 and neural-cell adhesion molecule], markers of LPCs (keratin 7 and keratin 19) and a proliferation marker (Ki67) were used. A very relevant spontaneous model to evaluate LPC niche activation in a translational approach seems to be the dog. Therefore, both human and canine liver diseases with different degree of fibrosis and disease activity were included. RESULTS In human and canine liver disease, type and extent of LPC niche activation depended on type and severity of disease (P<0.05) and corresponded to the main location of disease. Activated HSCs surrounded the activated LPCs. In chronic hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis lobular-type HSCs were activated, while during biliary disease portal/septal MFs were mainly activated. In canine liver, GFAP further presented as an early marker of HSC activation. Activation of the LPCs correlated with disease location and severity (P<0.01), and was inversely related to hepatocyte proliferation, as was previously shown in man. CONCLUSION A shared involvement of HSC/MFs, LPCs and disease severity during hepatic disease processes is shown, which is highly similar in man and dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Vander Borght S, van Pelt J, van Malenstein H, Cassiman D, Renard M, Verslype C, Libbrecht L, Roskams TA. Up-regulation of breast cancer resistance protein expression in hepatoblastoma following chemotherapy: A study in patients and in vitro. Hepatol Res 2008; 38:1112-21. [PMID: 18624716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2008.00381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common pediatric malignant liver tumor, is treated with chemotherapy to facilitate surgical resection. Previous studies suggest that HB acquires chemoresistance via increased expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, ABCC1). There is no well established evidence that this also occurs in the clinical setting and little is known about the effects of chemotherapeutic treatments on HB in situ. METHODS Clinical and histopathological features and expression patterns of ABC transporters in diagnostic needle biopsies from 7 HBs taken before chemotherapy were compared with those in surgically resected tumors. To understand the mechanisms leading to chemoresistance we also investigated the involvement of hypoxia on protein expression and functional activity of drug transporters (BCRP and MDR1) in cultures of HepG2 human HB cells. RESULTS We found that chemotherapeutical treatment of HBs led to an increased expression of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) in all patients studied. There was no change in the expression pattern of MDR1 or other ABC transporters. Chemotherapy-induced specific vascular abnormalities associated with areas of necrosis and fibrosis were seen in all cases, suggesting tumor hypoxia. The observations of increased BCRP expression in hypoxic areas of three-dimensional HepG2 aggregates and the enhanced BCRP function in monolayer cultures of HepG2 cells under hypoxic conditions, support a role for hypoxia in enhanced BCRP expression. CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapeutical treatment of HB leads to vascular alterations that modify the tumor microenvironment, and increased BCRP expression in which hypoxia might play a role. No evidence was found for upregulation of MDR1 in HBs as suggested from previous experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vander Borght
- Laboratory of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Van der Borght S, Libbrecht L, Katoonizadeh A, Aerts R, Nevens F, Verslype C, Roskams TA. Nuclear β-catenin staining and absence of steatosis are indicators of hepatocellular adenomas with an increased risk of malignancy. Histopathology 2007; 51:855-6. [PMID: 17903198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Vander Borght S, Libbrecht L, Katoonizadeh A, van Pelt J, Cassiman D, Nevens F, Van Lommel A, Petersen BE, Fevery J, Jansen PL, Roskams TA. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is expressed by progenitor cells/reactive ductules and hepatocytes and its expression pattern is influenced by disease etiology and species type: possible functional consequences. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 54:1051-9. [PMID: 16709727 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5a6912.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette transport protein that is expressed in several organs including the liver. Previous studies have shown that ABC transport proteins play an important pathophysiological role in several liver diseases. However, to date, expression pattern and possible role of BCRP in human liver diseases and animal models have not been studied in detail. Here we investigated the expression pattern of BCRP in normal liver, chronic parenchymal and biliary human liver diseases, and parallel in different rat models of liver diseases. Expression was studied by immunohistochemistry and additionally by RT-PCR analysis in Thy-1-positive rat oval cells. Bile ducts, hepatic progenitor cells, reactive bile ductules, and blood vessel endothelium were immunoreactive for BCRP in normal liver and all types of human liver diseases and in rat models. BCRP was expressed by the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in normal and diseased human liver, but never in rat liver. Remarkably, there was also expression of BCRP at the basolateral pole of human hepatocytes, and this was most pronounced in chronic biliary diseases. In conclusion, BCRP positivity in the progenitor cells/reactive ductules could contribute to the resistance of these cells to cytotoxic agents and xenotoxins. Basolateral hepatocytic expression in chronic biliary diseases may be an adaptive mechanism to pump bile constituents back into the sinusoidal blood. Strong differences between human and rat liver must be taken into account in future studies with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vander Borght
- Laboratory of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Vander Borght S, Libbrecht L, Blokzijl H, Faber KN, Moshage H, Aerts R, Van Steenbergen W, Jansen PL, Desmet VJ, Roskams TA. Diagnostic and pathogenetic implications of the expression of hepatic transporters in focal lesions occurring in normal liver. J Pathol 2005; 207:471-82. [PMID: 16161006 DOI: 10.1002/path.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) are benign liver tumours. The differential diagnosis of these lesions and of well- to moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas is often difficult but is very important in view of their different treatment. Although neither type of lesion is connected to the biliary tree, FNHs are cholestatic, whereas this is rarely the case for hepatocellular adenomas. This suggests that hepatocellular uptake and secretion of bile constituents is different in FNHs compared to adenomas. We therefore evaluated the expression and localization of hepatic transporters in hepatocellular adenomas, different types of FNH and well- to moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas in non-cirrhotic liver and compared them with normal liver, using real-time RT-PCR and (semi-)quantitative immunohistochemistry. The parenchymal expression of the uptake transporter OATP2/8 (OATP1B1/3) was minimal or absent in adenoma, while there was strong and diffuse expression in FNH. We observed diffuse parenchymal expression of the basolateral export pump MRP3 in adenomas, while only reactive bile ductules and adjacent cholestatic hepatocytes were MRP3-positive in FNH. The MRP3/OATP2/8 expression pattern of atypical FNHs resembled that of adenomas, suggesting that both types of lesion are related. Most hepatocellular carcinomas showed decreased expression of one or more of the canalicular transporters (MDR1, MDR3, BSEP). The differences in transporter expression profile between FNHs and adenomas are most likely pathogenetically important and may explain why only FNHs are cholestatic. The finding that each type of focal lesion in non-cirrhotic liver has a specific transporter expression pattern may be useful in the establishment of a correct diagnosis by imaging or on needle biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vander Borght
- Laboratory of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Roskams TA, Theise ND, Balabaud C, Bhagat G, Bhathal PS, Bioulac-Sage P, Brunt EM, Crawford JM, Crosby HA, Desmet V, Finegold MJ, Geller SA, Gouw ASH, Hytiroglou P, Knisely AS, Kojiro M, Lefkowitch JH, Nakanuma Y, Olynyk JK, Park YN, Portmann B, Saxena R, Scheuer PJ, Strain AJ, Thung SN, Wanless IR, West AB. Nomenclature of the finer branches of the biliary tree: canals, ductules, and ductular reactions in human livers. Hepatology 2004; 39:1739-45. [PMID: 15185318 DOI: 10.1002/hep.20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The work of liver stem cell biologists, largely carried out in rodent models, has now started to manifest in human investigations and applications. We can now recognize complex regenerative processes in tissue specimens that had only been suspected for decades, but we also struggle to describe what we see in human tissues in a way that takes into account the findings from the animal investigations, using a language derived from species not, in fact, so much like our own. This international group of liver pathologists and hepatologists, most of whom are actively engaged in both clinical work and scientific research, seeks to arrive at a consensus on nomenclature for normal human livers and human reactive lesions that can facilitate more rapid advancement of our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania A Roskams
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Abstract
Hepatic progenitor cells are immature epithelial cells that reside in the smallest ramifications of the biliary tree in human liver. These cells are capable of differentiating toward the biliary and the hepatocytic lineages and represent the human counterpart of the oval cells in murine liver. An increased number of progenitor cells (referred to as "activation") and differentiation of the same toward hepatocytes or bile duct epithelial cells, or both, is a component of virtually all human liver diseases. The extent of progenitor cell activation and the direction of differentiation are correlated with the severity of the disease and the type of mature epithelial cell (hepatocyte or bile duct epithelial cell), respectively, that is damaged. Analogous to findings in animal models of hepatocarcinogenesis, human hepatic progenitor cells most likely can give rise to hepatocellular carcinoma. The factors that govern human hepatic progenitor cell activation and differentiation are beginning to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania A Roskams
- Laboratory of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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van de Velde HJ, Senden NH, Roskams TA, Broers JL, Ramaekers FC, Roebroek AJ, Van de Ven WJ. NSP-encoded reticulons are neuroendocrine markers of a novel category in human lung cancer diagnosis. Cancer Res 1994; 54:4769-76. [PMID: 8062278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The NSP gene was recently shown to constitute the prototype of a novel gene family, to be selectively transcribed in neural and endocrine cells, and to encode three overlapping proteins, NSP-A, NSP-B, and NSP-C. These proteins were collectively designated reticulons, because they were found to be anchored to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum through their common carboxy-terminal regions. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the reticulons might be used as markers for neuroendocrine differentiation in human lung tumors. Therefore, the tissue distribution of the NSP-A protein was studied and expression in human lung tumors was evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis of normal tissues with monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the NSP-A protein indicated that NSP-A exhibits a distinct neuroendocrine distribution pattern since it was found to be expressed in a variety of cells with an established neuroendocrine phenotype but not in cells lacking such features. Results with specimens of a wide variety of primary human tumors provided further support for this claim. Immunohistochemical analysis of primary lung carcinomas revealed that NSP-A was readily detectable in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLCs) (8 of 12) and carcinoid tumors of the lung (3 of 3) but not in nonneuroendocrine non-SCLCs (0 of 10). In 13 of 27 non-SCLCs expressing the neural cell adhesion molecule and/or neurofilament proteins, however, NSP-A was found to be expressed. Northern blot analysis of human lung carcinoma cell lines revealed expression of NSP-A- and/or NSP-C-encoding mRNAs in all 18 SCLC cell lines that were studied, except one; however, no expression of these mRNAs could be detected in any of the 11 non-SCLC cell lines tested. The NSP transcript encoding NSP-B was found only in SCLC cell line NCI-H82. In conclusion, the results of our studies suggest that, in lung tumor cells, expression of NSP-A and most likely also NSP-C is restricted to cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Northern
- Carcinoid Tumor/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Rats
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- H J van de Velde
- Laboratory for Molecular Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
We describe a case of Wegener's disease with massive painful bilateral submandibular gland enlargement as the presenting symptom. The diagnosis was based on histologically documented nasal mucosa involvement, focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis, episcleritis and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Vanhauwaert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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