1
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Abud HE, Amarasinghe SL, Micati D, Jardé T. Stromal Niche Signals That Orchestrate Intestinal Regeneration. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:679-685. [PMID: 38342301 PMCID: PMC10957453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Stromal cell populations have a central role in providing signals that support the maintenance, differentiation, and function of the intestinal epithelium. The behavior and fate of epithelial cells is directed by the spatial organization of stromal cells that either sustain stem and progenitor cell identity or drive differentiation. A combination of single-cell analyses, mouse models, and organoid coculture assays have provided insight into the diversity of signals delivered by stromal cells. Signaling gradients are established and fine-tuned by the expression of signaling agonists and antagonists along the crypt-villus axis. On epithelial injury, there are disruptions to the abundance and organization of stromal populations. There are also distinct changes in the signals originating from these cells that impact remodeling of the epithelium. How these signals coordinate to mediate epithelial repair or sustain tissue injury in inflammatory bowel diseases is beginning to emerge. Understanding of these processes may lead to opportunities to target stromal cell populations as a strategy to modify disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Shanika L Amarasinghe
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana Micati
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Ratnadiwakara M, Bahrudeen MN, Aikio E, Takabe P, Engel RM, Zahir Z, Jardé T, McMurrick PJ, Abud HE, Änkö ML. SRSF3 shapes the structure of miR-17-92 cluster RNA and promotes selective processing of miR-17 and miR-20a. EMBO Rep 2023:e56021. [PMID: 37306233 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is tightly regulated to maintain distinct miRNA expression patterns. Almost half of mammalian miRNAs are generated from miRNA clusters, but this process is not well understood. We show here that Serine-arginine rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) controls the processing of miR-17-92 cluster miRNAs in pluripotent and cancer cells. SRSF3 binding to multiple CNNC motifs downstream of Drosha cleavage sites within miR-17-92 is required for the efficient processing of the cluster. SRSF3 depletion specifically compromises the processing of two paralog miRNAs, miR-17 and miR-20a. In addition to SRSF3 binding to the CNNC sites, the SRSF3 RS-domain is essential for miR-17-92 processing. SHAPE-MaP probing demonstrates that SRSF3 binding disrupts local and distant base pairing, resulting in global changes in miR-17-92 RNA structure. Our data suggest a model where SRSF3 binding, and potentially its RS-domain interactions, may facilitate an RNA structure that promotes miR-17-92 processing. SRSF3-mediated increase in miR-17/20a levels inhibits the cell cycle inhibitor p21, promoting self-renewal in normal and cancer cells. The SRSF3-miR-17-92-p21 pathway operates in colorectal cancer, linking SRSF3-mediated pri-miRNA processing and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madara Ratnadiwakara
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Erika Aikio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Piia Takabe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Health, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Vic., Australia
| | - Zileena Zahir
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Health, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Vic., Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Minna-Liisa Änkö
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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3
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Chan WH, Micati D, Engel RM, Kerr G, Akhtar R, Jardé T, Abud HE. Modeling Intestinal Carcinogenesis Using In Vitro Organoid Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:55-69. [PMID: 37355537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models of intestinal carcinogenesis are very powerful tools for studying the impact of specific mutations on tumor initiation and progression. Mutations can be studied both singularly and in combination using conditional alleles that can be induced in a temporal manner. The steps in intestinal carcinogenesis are complex and can be challenging to image in live animals at a cellular level. The ability to culture intestinal epithelial tissue in three-dimensional organoids in vitro provides an accessible system that can be genetically manipulated and easily visualized to assess specific biological impacts in living tissue. Here, we describe methodology for conditional mutation of genes in organoids from genetically modified mice via induction of Cre recombinase induced by tamoxifen or by transient exposure to TAT-Cre protein and subsequent phenotyping of the organoids. This methodology provides a rapid platform for assessing the cellular changes induced by specific mutations in intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Diana Micati
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Reyhan Akhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Nefzger CM, Jardé T, Srivastava A, Schroeder J, Rossello FJ, Horvay K, Prasko M, Paynter JM, Chen J, Weng CF, Sun YBY, Liu X, Chan E, Deshpande N, Chen X, Li YJ, Pflueger J, Engel RM, Knaupp AS, Tsyganov K, Nilsson SK, Lister R, Rackham OJL, Abud HE, Polo JM. Intestinal stem cell aging signature reveals a reprogramming strategy to enhance regenerative potential. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:31. [PMID: 35710627 PMCID: PMC9203768 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of aging on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified widespread epigenetic and transcriptional alterations in old ISCs. Using a reprogramming algorithm, we identified a set of key transcription factors (Egr1, Irf1, FosB) that drives molecular and functional differences between old and young states. Overall, by dissecting the molecular signature of aged ISCs, our study identified transcription factors that enhance the regenerative capacity of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Akanksha Srivastava
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jan Schroeder
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katja Horvay
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mirsada Prasko
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacob M Paynter
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chen-Fang Weng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu B Y Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikita Deshpande
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Y Jinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jahnvi Pflueger
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC, Australia
| | - Anja S Knaupp
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirill Tsyganov
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Biomedical Manufacturing CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan Lister
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,The South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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5
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Engel RM, Jardé T, Oliva K, Kerr G, Chan WH, Hlavca S, Nickless D, Archer SK, Yap R, Ranchod P, Bell S, Niap A, Koulis C, Chong A, Wilkins S, Dale TC, Hollins AJ, McMurrick PJ, Abud HE. Modeling colorectal cancer: A bio-resource of 50 patient-derived organoid lines. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:898-907. [PMID: 35244298 PMCID: PMC10138743 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. To improve outcomes for these patients, we need to develop new treatment strategies. Personalized cancer medicine, where patients are treated based on the characteristics of their own tumor, has gained significant interest for its promise to improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary side effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential utility of patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids (PDCOs) in a personalized cancer medicine setting. METHODS Patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids were derived from tissue obtained from treatment-naïve patients undergoing surgical resection for the treatment of CRC. We examined the recapitulation of key histopathological, molecular, and phenotypic characteristics of the primary tumor. RESULTS We created a bio-resource of PDCOs from primary and metastatic CRCs. Key histopathological features were retained in PDCOs when compared with the primary tumor. Additionally, a cohort of 12 PDCOs, and their corresponding primary tumors and normal sample, were characterized through whole exome sequencing and somatic variant calling. These PDCOs exhibited a high level of concordance in key driver mutations when compared with the primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS Patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids recapitulate characteristics of the tissue from which they are derived and are a powerful tool for cancer research. Further research will determine their utility for predicting patient outcomes in a personalized cancer medicine setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Karen Oliva
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sara Hlavca
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - David Nickless
- Anatomical Pathology DepartmentCabrini Pathology, Cabrini HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stuart K Archer
- Monash Bioinformatics PlatformMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Raymond Yap
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pravin Ranchod
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephen Bell
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ann Niap
- Anatomical Pathology DepartmentCabrini Pathology, Cabrini HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christine Koulis
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ashley Chong
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Simon Wilkins
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Trevor C Dale
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute (ECSCRI)CardiffUK
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Andrew J Hollins
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute (ECSCRI)CardiffUK
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini HospitalCabrini Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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6
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Chew NJ, Lim Kam Sian TCC, Nguyen EV, Shin SY, Yang J, Hui MN, Deng N, McLean CA, Welm AL, Lim E, Gregory P, Nottle T, Lang T, Vereker M, Richardson G, Kerr G, Micati D, Jardé T, Abud HE, Lee RS, Swarbrick A, Daly RJ. Evaluation of FGFR targeting in breast cancer through interrogation of patient-derived models. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:82. [PMID: 34344433 PMCID: PMC8336364 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particular breast cancer subtypes pose a clinical challenge due to limited targeted therapeutic options and/or poor responses to the existing targeted therapies. While cell lines provide useful pre-clinical models, patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and organoids (PDO) provide significant advantages, including maintenance of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, 3D architecture and for PDX, tumor-stroma interactions. In this study, we applied an integrated multi-omic approach across panels of breast cancer PDXs and PDOs in order to identify candidate therapeutic targets, with a major focus on specific FGFRs. METHODS MS-based phosphoproteomics, RNAseq, WES and Western blotting were used to characterize aberrantly activated protein kinases and effects of specific FGFR inhibitors. PDX and PDO were treated with the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors AZD4547 (FGFR1-3) and BLU9931 (FGFR4). FGFR4 expression in cancer tissue samples and PDOs was assessed by immunohistochemistry. METABRIC and TCGA datasets were interrogated to identify specific FGFR alterations and their association with breast cancer subtype and patient survival. RESULTS Phosphoproteomic profiling across 18 triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) and 1 luminal B PDX revealed considerable heterogeneity in kinase activation, but 1/3 of PDX exhibited enhanced phosphorylation of FGFR1, FGFR2 or FGFR4. One TNBC PDX with high FGFR2 activation was exquisitely sensitive to AZD4547. Integrated 'omic analysis revealed a novel FGFR2-SKI fusion that comprised the majority of FGFR2 joined to the C-terminal region of SKI containing the coiled-coil domains. High FGFR4 phosphorylation characterized a luminal B PDX model and treatment with BLU9931 significantly decreased tumor growth. Phosphoproteomic and transcriptomic analyses confirmed on-target action of the two anti-FGFR drugs and also revealed novel effects on the spliceosome, metabolism and extracellular matrix (AZD4547) and RIG-I-like and NOD-like receptor signaling (BLU9931). Interrogation of public datasets revealed FGFR2 amplification, fusion or mutation in TNBC and other breast cancer subtypes, while FGFR4 overexpression and amplification occurred in all breast cancer subtypes and were associated with poor prognosis. Characterization of a PDO panel identified a luminal A PDO with high FGFR4 expression that was sensitive to BLU9931 treatment, further highlighting FGFR4 as a potential therapeutic target. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights how patient-derived models of human breast cancer provide powerful platforms for therapeutic target identification and analysis of drug action, and also the potential of specific FGFRs, including FGFR4, as targets for precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Chew
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Terry C C Lim Kam Sian
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth V Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica Yang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Mun N Hui
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Niantao Deng
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Alana L Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | | | - Tim Nottle
- TissuPath, Mount Waverley, VIC, 3149, Australia
| | - Tali Lang
- Szalmuk Family Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Institute, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia
| | - Melissa Vereker
- Szalmuk Family Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Institute, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia
| | - Gary Richardson
- Szalmuk Family Department of Medical Oncology, Cabrini Institute, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Diana Micati
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel S Lee
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Alex Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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7
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Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) has long been known for its role in promoting proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. EGF is produced by epithelial niche cells at the base of crypts in vivo and is routinely added to the culture medium to support the growth of intestinal organoids ex vivo. The recent identification of diverse stromal cell populations that reside underneath intestinal crypts has enabled the characterization of key growth factor cues supplied by these cells. The nature of these signals and how they are delivered to drive intestinal epithelial development, daily homeostasis and tissue regeneration following injury are being investigated. It is clear that aside from EGF, other ligands of the family, including Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), have distinct roles in supporting the function of intestinal stem cells through the ErbB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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8
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Jardé T, Chan WH, Rossello FJ, Kaur Kahlon T, Theocharous M, Kurian Arackal T, Flores T, Giraud M, Richards E, Chan E, Kerr G, Engel RM, Prasko M, Donoghue JF, Abe SI, Phesse TJ, Nefzger CM, McMurrick PJ, Powell DR, Daly RJ, Polo JM, Abud HE. Mesenchymal Niche-Derived Neuregulin-1 Drives Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation and Regeneration of Damaged Epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:646-662.e7. [PMID: 32693086 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) maintains intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and is a key component of organoid growth media yet is dispensable for intestinal homeostasis, suggesting roles for multiple EGF family ligands in ISC function. Here, we identified neuregulin 1 (NRG1) as a key EGF family ligand that drives tissue repair following injury. NRG1, but not EGF, is upregulated upon damage and is expressed in mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages, and Paneth cells. NRG1 deletion reduces proliferation in intestinal crypts and compromises regeneration capacity. NRG1 robustly stimulates proliferation in crypts and induces budding in organoids, in part through elevated and sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT. Consistently, NRG1 treatment induces a proliferative gene signature and promotes organoid formation from progenitor cells and enhances regeneration following injury. These data suggest mesenchymal-derived NRG1 is a potent mediator of tissue regeneration and may inform the development of therapies for enhancing intestinal repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Tanvir Kaur Kahlon
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mandy Theocharous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Teni Kurian Arackal
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tracey Flores
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mégane Giraud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Eva Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - Mirsada Prasko
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shin-Ichi Abe
- Center for Education, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Toby J Phesse
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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9
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Koulis C, Yap R, Engel R, Jardé T, Wilkins S, Solon G, Shapiro JD, Abud H, McMurrick P. Personalized Medicine-Current and Emerging Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040812. [PMID: 32231042 PMCID: PMC7225926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed worldwide and is heterogeneous both morphologically and molecularly. In an era of personalized medicine, the greatest challenge is to predict individual response to therapy and distinguish patients likely to be cured with surgical resection of tumors and systemic therapy from those resistant or non-responsive to treatment. Patients would avoid futile treatments, including clinical trial regimes and ultimately this would prevent under- and over-treatment and reduce unnecessary adverse side effects. In this review, the potential of specific biomarkers will be explored to address two key questions—1) Can the prognosis of patients that will fare well or poorly be determined beyond currently recognized prognostic indicators? and 2) Can an individual patient’s response to therapy be predicted and those who will most likely benefit from treatment/s be identified? Identifying and validating key prognostic and predictive biomarkers and an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and toxicity in CRC are important steps in order to personalize treatment. This review addresses recent data on biological prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC. In addition, patient cohorts most likely to benefit from currently available systemic treatments and/or targeted therapies are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Koulis
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Health, Malvern 3144, VIC, Australia; (R.Y.); (R.E.); (S.W.); (G.S.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-03-9508-3547
| | - Raymond Yap
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Health, Malvern 3144, VIC, Australia; (R.Y.); (R.E.); (S.W.); (G.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Rebekah Engel
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Health, Malvern 3144, VIC, Australia; (R.Y.); (R.E.); (S.W.); (G.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia; (T.J.); (H.A.)
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia; (T.J.); (H.A.)
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Wilkins
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Health, Malvern 3144, VIC, Australia; (R.Y.); (R.E.); (S.W.); (G.S.); (P.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma Solon
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Health, Malvern 3144, VIC, Australia; (R.Y.); (R.E.); (S.W.); (G.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Jeremy D. Shapiro
- Cabrini Haematology and Oncology Centre, Cabrini Health, Malvern 3144, VIC, Australia;
| | - Helen Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia; (T.J.); (H.A.)
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul McMurrick
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Health, Malvern 3144, VIC, Australia; (R.Y.); (R.E.); (S.W.); (G.S.); (P.M.)
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10
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Rudloff I, Jardé T, Bachmann M, Elgass KD, Kerr G, Engel R, Richards E, Oliva K, Wilkins S, McMurrick PJ, Abud HE, Mühl H, Nold MF. Molecular signature of interleukin-22 in colon carcinoma cells and organoid models. Transl Res 2020; 216:1-22. [PMID: 31734267 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 activates STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 3 and antiapoptotic and proproliferative pathways; but beyond this, the molecular mechanisms by which IL-22 promotes carcinogenesis are poorly understood. Characterizing the molecular signature of IL-22 in human DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells, we observed increased expression of 26 genes, including NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, ≤10-fold) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen, ≤7-fold), both known to promote intestinal carcinogenesis. ERP27 (endoplasmic reticulum protein-27, function unknown, ≤5-fold) and the proinflammatory ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ≤4-fold) were also increased. The effect on CEA was partly STAT3-mediated, as STAT3-silencing reduced IL-22-induced CEA by ≤56%. Silencing of CEA or NNMT inhibited IL-22-induced proliferation/migration of DLD-1, Caco-2, and SW480 colon carcinoma cells. To validate these results in primary tissues, we assessed IL-22-induced gene expression in organoids from human healthy colon and colon cancer patients, and from normal mouse small intestine and colon. Gene regulation by IL-22 was similar in DLD-1 cells and human and mouse healthy organoids. CEA was an exception with no induction by IL-22 in organoids, indicating the 3-dimensional organization of the tissue may produce signals absent in 2D cell culture. Importantly, augmentation of NNMT was 5-14-fold greater in human cancerous compared to normal organoids, supporting a role for NNMT in IL-22-mediated colon carcinogenesis. Thus, NNMT and CEA emerge as mediators of the tumor-promoting effects of IL-22 in the intestine. These data advance our understanding of the multifaceted role of IL-22 in the gut and suggest the IL-22 pathway may represent a therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rudloff
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malte Bachmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kirstin D Elgass
- Monash Micro Imaging, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebekah Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Oliva
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Wilkins
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel F Nold
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia; Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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Engel RM, Chan WH, Nickless D, Hlavca S, Richards E, Kerr G, Oliva K, McMurrick PJ, Jardé T, Abud HE. Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Organoids Upregulate Revival Stem Cell Marker Genes following Chemotherapeutic Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010128. [PMID: 31906589 PMCID: PMC7019342 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells have been proposed to drive disease progression, tumour recurrence and chemoresistance. However, studies ablating leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-positive stem cells have shown that they are rapidly replenished in primary tumours. Following injury in normal tissue, LGR5+ stem cells are replaced by a newly defined, transient population of revival stem cells. We investigated whether markers of the revival stem cell population are present in colorectal tumours and how this signature relates to chemoresistance. We examined the expression of different stem cell markers in a cohort of patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids and correlated expression with sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Our findings revealed that there was inter-tumour variability in the expression of stem cell markers. Clusterin (CLU), a marker of the revival stem cell population, was significantly enriched following 5-FU treatment and expression correlated with the level of drug resistance. Patient outcome data revealed that CLU expression is associated with both lower patient survival and an increase in disease recurrence. This suggests that CLU is a marker of drug resistance and may identify cells that drive colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah M. Engel
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; (R.M.E.); (W.H.C.); (S.H.); (E.R.); (G.K.)
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern Victoria 3144, Australia; (K.O.); (P.J.M.)
| | - Wing Hei Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; (R.M.E.); (W.H.C.); (S.H.); (E.R.); (G.K.)
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David Nickless
- Anatomical Pathology Department, Cabrini Pathology, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern, Victoria 3144, Australia;
| | - Sara Hlavca
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; (R.M.E.); (W.H.C.); (S.H.); (E.R.); (G.K.)
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; (R.M.E.); (W.H.C.); (S.H.); (E.R.); (G.K.)
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; (R.M.E.); (W.H.C.); (S.H.); (E.R.); (G.K.)
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash BDI Organoid Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Karen Oliva
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern Victoria 3144, Australia; (K.O.); (P.J.M.)
| | - Paul J. McMurrick
- Cabrini Monash University Department of Surgery, Cabrini Hospital, Malvern Victoria 3144, Australia; (K.O.); (P.J.M.)
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; (R.M.E.); (W.H.C.); (S.H.); (E.R.); (G.K.)
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash BDI Organoid Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (H.E.A.)
| | - Helen E. Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; (R.M.E.); (W.H.C.); (S.H.); (E.R.); (G.K.)
- Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash BDI Organoid Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (H.E.A.)
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12
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Abstract
Mouse models of intestinal carcinogenesis are very powerful for studying the impact of specific mutations on tumour initiation and progression. Mutations can be studied both singularly and in combination using conditional alleles that can be induced in a temporal manner. The steps in intestinal carcinogenesis are complex and can be challenging to image in live animals at a cellular level. The ability to culture intestinal epithelial tissue in three-dimensional organoids in vitro provides an accessible system that can be genetically manipulated and easily visualised to assess specific biological impacts in living tissue. Here, we describe methodology for conditional mutation of genes in organoids from genetically modified mice via induction of Cre recombinase induced by tamoxifen or by transient exposure to TAT-Cre protein. This methodology provides a rapid platform for assessing the cellular changes induced by specific mutations in intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kerr
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Reyhan Akhtar
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Jardé T, Lloyd-Lewis B, Thomas M, Kendrick H, Melchor L, Bougaret L, Watson PD, Ewan K, Smalley MJ, Dale TC. Wnt and Neuregulin1/ErbB signalling extends 3D culture of hormone responsive mammary organoids. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13207. [PMID: 27782124 PMCID: PMC5095178 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of in vitro culture systems quantitatively and qualitatively recapitulating normal breast biology is key to the understanding of mammary gland biology. Current three-dimensional mammary culture systems have not demonstrated concurrent proliferation and functional differentiation ex vivo in any system for longer than 2 weeks. Here, we identify conditions including Neuregulin1 and R-spondin 1, allowing maintenance and expansion of mammary organoids for 2.5 months in culture. The organoids comprise distinct basal and luminal compartments complete with functional steroid receptors and stem/progenitor cells able to reconstitute a complete mammary gland in vivo. Alternative conditions are also described that promote enrichment of basal cells organized into multiple layers surrounding a keratinous core, reminiscent of structures observed in MMTV-Wnt1 tumours. These conditions comprise a unique tool that should further understanding of normal mammary gland development, the molecular mechanism of hormone action and signalling events whose deregulation leads to breast tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Cancer Program, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Mairian Thomas
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Howard Kendrick
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Lorenzo Melchor
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Breast Cancer Now, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Lauriane Bougaret
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Peter D. Watson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kenneth Ewan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Matthew J. Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Trevor C. Dale
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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14
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Nefzger CM, Jardé T, Rossello FJ, Horvay K, Knaupp AS, Powell DR, Chen J, Abud HE, Polo JM. A Versatile Strategy for Isolating a Highly Enriched Population of Intestinal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:321-9. [PMID: 26923822 PMCID: PMC4788784 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of pure populations of mouse intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is essential to facilitate functional studies of tissue homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and intestinal diseases. However, the purification of ISCs has relied predominantly on the use of transgenic reporter alleles in mice. Here, we introduce a combinational cell surface marker-mediated strategy that allows the isolation of an ISC population transcriptionally and functionally equivalent to the gold standard Lgr5-GFP ISCs. Used on reporter-free mice, this strategy allows the isolation of functional, transcriptionally distinct ISCs uncompromised by Lgr5 haploinsufficiency. Reporter-free method to purify intestinal stem cells (ISCs) Cells share molecular signature with gold standard Lgr5-GFP high cells Multidimensional FACS data analysis reveals structure of intestinal crypt Lgr5 haploinsufficiency with functional consequences in ISCs from reporter mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Katja Horvay
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anja S Knaupp
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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15
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Jardé T, Kass L, Staples M, Lescesen H, Carne P, Oliva K, McMurrick PJ, Abud HE. ERBB3 Positively Correlates with Intestinal Stem Cell Markers but Marks a Distinct Non Proliferative Cell Population in Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138336. [PMID: 26367378 PMCID: PMC4569358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested ERBB3/HER3 may be a useful prognostic marker for colorectal cancer. Tumours with an intestinal stem cell signature have also been shown to be more aggressive. Here, we investigate whether ERBB3 is associated with intestinal stem cell markers in colorectal cancer and if cancer stem cells within tumours are marked by expression of ERBB3. Expression of ERBB3 and intestinal stem cell markers (LGR5, EPHB2, CD44s and CD44v6) was assessed by qRT-PCR in primary colorectal tumours (stages 0 to IV) and matched normal tissues from 53 patients. The localisation of ERBB3, EPHB2 and KI-67 within tumours was investigated using co-immunofluorescence. Expression of ERBB3 and intestinal stem cell markers were significantly elevated in adenomas and colorectal tumours compared to normal tissue. Positive correlations were found between ERBB3 and intestinal stem cell markers. However, co-immunofluorescence analysis showed that ERBB3 and EPHB2 marked specific cell populations that were mutually exclusive within tumours with distinct proliferative potentials, the majority of ERBB3+ve cells being non-proliferative. This pattern resembles cellular organisation within normal colonic epithelium where EPHB2 labelled proliferative cells reside at the crypt base and ERBB3+ve cells mark differentiated cells at the top of crypts. Our results show that ERBB3 and intestinal stem cell markers correlate in colorectal cancers. ERBB3 localises to differentiated cell populations within tumours that are non-proliferative and distinct from cancer stem cells. These data support the concept that tumours contain discrete stem, proliferative and differentiation compartments similar to that present in normal crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Rd., Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Kass
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Rd., Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Helen Lescesen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Rd., Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Carne
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Oliva
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J McMurrick
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Rd., Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Hime GR, Horvay K, Jardé T, Casagranda F, Perreau VM, Abud HE. Microarray profiling to analyze the effect of Snai1 loss in mouse intestinal epithelium. Genom Data 2015; 5:106-8. [PMID: 27054090 PMCID: PMC4793732 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial stem cells from a variety of tissues have
been shown to express genes linked to mesenchymal cell states. The Snail family
of transcriptional factors has long been regarded as a marker of mesenchymal
cells, however recent studies have indicated an involvement in regulation of
epithelial stem cell populations. Snai1 is expressed in the stem cell population
found at the base of the mouse small intestinal crypt that is responsible for
generating all differentiated cell types of the intestinal epithelium. We
utilized an inducible Cre recombinase approach in the intestinal epithelium
combined with a conditional floxed Snai1 allele to induce
knockout of gene function in the stem cell population. Loss of
Snai1 resulted in loss of crypt base columnar cells
and a failure to induce a proliferative response following radiation damage. We
induced Snai1 loss in cultured organoids that had been
derived from epithelial cells and compared gene expression to organoids with
functional Snai1. Here we describe in detail the methods
for generation of knockout organoids and analysis of microarray data that has
been deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO):GSE65005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Hime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Katja Horvay
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Franca Casagranda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Victoria M Perreau
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
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17
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Horvay K, Jardé T, Casagranda F, Perreau VM, Haigh K, Nefzger CM, Akhtar R, Gridley T, Berx G, Haigh JJ, Barker N, Polo JM, Hime GR, Abud HE. Snai1 regulates cell lineage allocation and stem cell maintenance in the mouse intestinal epithelium. EMBO J 2015; 34:1319-35. [PMID: 25759216 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail family members regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during invasion of intestinal tumours, but their role in normal intestinal homeostasis is unknown. Studies in breast and skin epithelia indicate that Snail proteins promote an undifferentiated state. Here, we demonstrate that conditional knockout of Snai1 in the intestinal epithelium results in apoptotic loss of crypt base columnar stem cells and bias towards differentiation of secretory lineages. In vitro organoid cultures derived from Snai1 conditional knockout mice also undergo apoptosis when Snai1 is deleted. Conversely, ectopic expression of Snai1 in the intestinal epithelium in vivo results in the expansion of the crypt base columnar cell pool and a decrease in secretory enteroendocrine and Paneth cells. Following conditional deletion of Snai1, the intestinal epithelium fails to produce a proliferative response following radiation-induced damage indicating a fundamental requirement for Snai1 in epithelial regeneration. These results demonstrate that Snai1 is required for regulation of lineage choice, maintenance of CBC stem cells and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium following damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Horvay
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Thierry Jardé
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Franca Casagranda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Victoria M Perreau
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Katharina Haigh
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University & Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Reyhan Akhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Thomas Gridley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Geert Berx
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University & Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nick Barker
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Gary R Hime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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18
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Dubois V, Jardé T, Delort L, Billard H, Bernard-Gallon D, Berger E, Geloen A, Vasson MP, Caldefie-Chezet F. Leptin induces a proliferative response in breast cancer cells but not in normal breast cells. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:645-55. [PMID: 24738610 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.894104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Leptin, a hormone excessively produced during obesity, is suggested to be involved in breast cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate procarcinogenic potential of leptin by evaluating influence of leptin on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and signaling on numerous breast cells lines, including 184B5 normal cells, MCF10A fibrocystic cells and MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and T47D cancer cells. Expressions of leptin and Ob-R were analyzed using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, proliferation using fluorimetric resazurin reduction test and xCELLigence system, apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry, and effect of leptin on different signalling pathways using qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of leptin. All cell lines expressed mRNA and protein of leptin and Ob-R. Leptin stimulated proliferation of all cell lines except for 184B5 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Leptin inhibited apoptosis but didn't alter proportion of cells within cell cycle in MCF7 cells. Leptin induced overexpression of leptin, Ob-R, estrogen receptor, and aromatase mRNA in MCF-7 and T47D cells. Autoregulation induced by leptin, relationship with estrogen pathway, and proliferative and antiapoptic activity in breast cancer cells may explain that obesity-associated hyperleptinemia may be a breast cancer risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dubois
- a Clermont-Université , Université d'Auvergne , Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France and INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand , France
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19
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Holik AZ, Krzystyniak J, Young M, Richardson K, Jardé T, Chambon P, Shorning BY, Clarke AR. Brg1 is required for stem cell maintenance in the murine intestinal epithelium in a tissue-specific manner. Stem Cells 2013; 31:2457-66. [PMID: 23922304 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brg1 is a chromatin remodeling factor involved in mediation of a plethora of signaling pathways leading to its participation in various physiological processes both during development and in adult tissues. Among other signaling pathways, the Wnt pathway has been proposed to require Brg1 for transactivation of its target genes. Given the pivotal role of the Wnt pathway in the maintenance of normal intestinal homeostasis, we aimed to investigate the effects of Brg1 loss on the intestinal physiology. To this end, we deleted Brg1 in the murine small and large intestinal epithelia using a range of transgenic approaches. Pan-epithelial loss of Brg1 in the small intestine resulted in crypt ablation, while partial Brg1 deficiency led to gradual repopulation of the intestinal mucosa with wild-type cells. In contrast, Brg1 loss in the large intestinal epithelium was compensated by upregulation of Brm. We propose that while Brg1 is dispensable for the survival and function of the progenitor and differentiated cells in the murine intestinal epithelium, it is essential for the maintenance of the stem cell population in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei Z Holik
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Perrier S, Jardé T. Adiponectin, an anti-carcinogenic hormone? A systematic review on breast, colorectal, liver and prostate cancer. Curr Med Chem 2013; 19:5501-12. [PMID: 22876928 DOI: 10.2174/092986712803833137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone, expressed almost exclusively in adipose tissue, with significant antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. The anti-carcinogenic effects of adiponectin result from two main mechanisms: a modulation in the signaling pathways involved in proliferation process and a subtle regulation of the apoptotic response. In this review, we present recent findings on the association of adiponectin with the risk of several malignancies (breast, colorectal, liver and prostate cancers), as well as data on underlying molecular mechanisms by which adiponectin plays a substantial role in cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perrier
- AGM Communication, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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21
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Jardé T, Evans RJ, McQuillan KL, Parry L, Feng GJ, Alvares B, Clarke AR, Dale TC. In vivo and in vitro models for the therapeutic targeting of Wnt signaling using a Tet-OΔN89β-catenin system. Oncogene 2013; 32:883-93. [PMID: 22469981 PMCID: PMC3389516 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in understanding the importance of Wnt signaling in the initiation of colorectal cancer, less is known about responses that accompany the reversal of oncogenic Wnt signaling. The aim of this study was to analyze in vivo and in vitro responses to an 'ideal' Wnt pathway inhibitor as a model for the therapeutic targeting of the pathway. A tetracycline-inducible transgenic mouse model expressing truncated β-catenin (ΔN89β-catenin) that exhibited a strong intestinal hyperplasia was analyzed during the removal of oncogenic β-catenin expression both in 3D 'crypt culture' and in vivo. Oncogenic Wnt signaling was rapidly and completely reversed. The strongest inhibition of Wnt target gene expression occurred within 24 h of doxycycline removal at which time the target genes Ascl2, Axin2 and C-myc were downregulated to levels below that in the control intestine. In vitro, the small molecule Wnt inhibitor CCT036477 induced a response within 4 h of treatment. By 7 days following doxycycline withdrawal, gene expression, cell proliferation and tissue morphology were undistinguishable from control animals.In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the reversal of Wnt signaling by inhibitors should ideally be studied within hours of treatment. The reversible system described, involving medium throughput in vitro approaches and rapid in vivo responses, should allow the rapid advance of early stage compounds into efficacy models that are more usually considered later in the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jardé
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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22
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Feng GJ, Cotta W, Wei XQ, Poetz O, Evans R, Jardé T, Reed K, Meniel V, Williams GT, Clarke AR, Dale TC. Conditional disruption of Axin1 leads to development of liver tumors in mice. Gastroenterology 2012; 143:1650-9. [PMID: 22960659 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mutations in components of the Wnt signaling pathway, including β-catenin and AXIN1, are found in more than 50% of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Disruption of Axin1 causes embryonic lethality in mice. We generated mice with conditional disruption of Axin1 to study its function specifically in adult liver. METHODS Mice with a LoxP-flanked allele of Axin1 were generated by homologous recombination. Mice homozygous for the Axin1fl/fl allele were crossed with AhCre mice; in offspring, Axin1 was disrupted in liver following injection of β-naphthoflavone (Axin1fl/fl/Cre mice). Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoprecipitation, histology, and immunoblot assays. RESULTS Deletion of Axin1 from livers of adult mice resulted in an acute and persistent increase in hepatocyte cell volume, proliferation, and transcription of genes that induce the G(2)/M transition in the cell cycle and cytokinesis. A subset of Wnt target genes was activated, including Axin2, c-Myc, and cyclin D1. However, loss of Axin1 did not increase nuclear levels of β-catenin or cause changes in liver zonation that have been associated with loss of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or constitutive activation of β-catenin. After 1 year, 5 of 9 Axin1fl/fl/Cre mice developed liver tumors with histologic features of HCC. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocytes from adult mice with conditional disruption of Axin1 in liver have a transcriptional profile that differs from that associated with loss of APC or constitutive activation of β-catenin. It might be similar to a proliferation profile observed in a subset of human HCCs with mutations in AXIN1. Axin1fl/fl mice could be a useful model of AXIN1-associated tumorigenesis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Jie Feng
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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23
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Shorning BY, Jardé T, McCarthy A, Ashworth A, de Leng WWJ, Offerhaus GJA, Resta N, Dale T, Clarke AR. Intestinal renin-angiotensin system is stimulated after deletion of Lkb1. Gut 2012; 61:202-13. [PMID: 21813469 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS LKB1 is a serine-threonine kinase, mutation of which can lead to the development of multiple benign intestinal hamartomas (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome). In this study, the authors investigate the mechanisms underlying this phenotype by exploring the transcriptional changes associated with Lkb1 deletion in intestinal epithelium. METHODS The authors used mice with Lkb1 deleted in the intestinal epithelium using a Cyp1a1-specific inducible Cre recombinase and used Affymetrix (Santa Clara, California, USA) microarray analysis to examine the transcriptional changes occurring immediately after Lkb1 loss. The authors also generated crypt-villus organoid culture to analyse Lkb1 role in intestinal responses to exogenous stimuli. RESULTS Affymetrix analysis identified the most significant change to be in Ren1 expression, a gene encoding a protease involved in angiotensinogen processing. Lkb1 deletion also enhanced ACE expression and subsequently angiotensin II (AngII) production in the mouse intestine. Intestinal apoptosis induced by Lkb1 deficiency was suppressed by ACE inhibitor captopril. Lkb1-deficient intestinal epithelium showed dynamic changes in AngII receptor type 1, suggesting a possible compensatory response to elevated AngII levels. A similar reduction in epithelial AngII receptor type 1 was also observed in human Peutz-Jeghers syndrome tumours contrasting with high expression of the receptor in the tumour stroma. Mechanistically, the authors showed two pieces of data that position Lkb1 in renin expression regulation, and they implied the importance of Lkb1 in linking cell responses with nutrient levels. First, the authors showed that Lkb1 deletion in isolated epithelial organoid culture resulted in renin upregulation only when the organoids were challenged with external cues such as AngII; second, that renin upregulation was dependent upon the MEK/ERK pathway in a circadian fashion and corresponded to active feeding time when nutrient levels were high. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data reveal a novel role for Lkb1 in regulation of the gastrointestinal renin-angiotensin system.
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Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes numerous developmental processes postnatally, from the elongation of the ductal tree-like structure to pregnancy-induced lobulo-alveolar development. Mammary epithelial stem cells have been suggested to be central to the control of enormous tissue expansion and remodelling during phases of mammary development. The Wnt signalling pathway plays a critical role in these biological steps and is suggested to be involved in the maintenance of the stem cell population. This review provides insight into recent findings on the activity of Wnt signalling during ductal and lobular mammary development and discusses the potential interplay between Wnt signals and mammary stem cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jardé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK
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25
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Delort L, Jardé T, Dubois V, Vasson MP, Caldefie-Chézet F. New insights into anticarcinogenic properties of adiponectin: a potential therapeutic approach in breast cancer? Vitam Horm 2012; 90:397-417. [PMID: 23017724 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a recognized breast cancer risk factor in postmenopausal women. A recent hypothesis suggests a major role for adipose tissue in carcinogenesis. During many years, the adipose tissue was only considered as a fat storage of energy. This tissue is now described as an endocrine organ secreting a large range of molecules called adipokines. Among these adipokines, adiponectin may play a major role in breast cancer. Plasma adiponectin levels were found to be decreased in cases of breast cancer and in obese patients. Adiponectin may act directly on breast cancer cells by inhibiting proliferation and angiogenesis or by stimulating apoptosis. Increasing adiponectin levels may be of major importance in the prevention and/or the treatment of breast cancer. This therapeutic approach may be of particular significance for obese patients. The beneficial effects of adiponectin and its possible therapeutic applications will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Delort
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire SVFp, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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26
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Jardé T, Perrier S, Vasson MP, Caldefie-Chézet F. Molecular mechanisms of leptin and adiponectin in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:33-43. [PMID: 20889333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipose tissue, which is an endocrine organ producing a large range of factors, may interfere with breast cancer development. Leptin and adiponectin are two major adipocyte-secreted hormones. The pro-carcinogenic effect of leptin and conversely, the anti-carcinogenic effect of adiponectin result from two main mechanisms: a modulation in the signalling pathways involved in proliferation process and a subtle regulation of the apoptotic response. This review provides insight into recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of leptin and adiponectin in mammary tumours, and discusses the potential interplay between these two adipokines in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, S. Wales, Cardiff CF10 3US, United Kingdom.
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27
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Jardé T, Caldefie-Chézet F, Goncalves-Mendes N, Mishellany F, Buechler C, Penault-Llorca F, Vasson MP. Involvement of adiponectin and leptin in breast cancer: clinical and in vitro studies. Endocr Relat Cancer 2009; 16:1197-210. [PMID: 19661131 DOI: 10.1677/erc-09-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer development. A recent hypothesis suggests that the adipokines, adiponectin and leptin, are involved in breast cancer development. This prompted us to investigate the role of adiponectin and leptin in mammary carcinogenesis. Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) and leptin receptor (Ob-Rt, representing all the isoforms of Ob-R) proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry in in situ ductal carcinoma, invasive ductal malignancy, and healthy adjacent tissue. In addition, mRNA expression of adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, leptin, Ob-Rt, and Ob-Rl (the long isoform of Ob-R) was observed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, leptin mRNA expression was 34.7-fold higher than adiponectin mRNA expression in the MCF-7 cell line. Moreover, adiponectin (10 microg/ml) tended to decrease the mRNA expression of leptin (-36%) and Ob-Rl (-28%) and significantly decreased Ob-Rt mRNA level (-26%). In contrast, leptin treatment (1 microg/ml) significantly decreased AdipoR1 mRNA (-23%). Adiponectin treatment (10 microg/ml) inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, whereas leptin (1 microg/ml) stimulated the growth of cancer cells. In addition, adiponectin inhibited leptin-induced cell proliferation (both 1 microg/ml). Using microarray analysis, we found that adiponectin reduced the mRNA levels of genes involved in cell cycle regulation (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 and ATM), apoptosis (BAG1, BAG3, and TP53), and potential diagnosis/prognosis markers (ACADS, CYP19A1, DEGS1, and EVL), whereas leptin induced progesterone receptor mRNA expression. In conclusion, the current study indicates an interaction of leptin- and adiponectin-signaling pathways in MCF-7 cancer cells whose proliferation is stimulated by leptin and suppressed by adiponectin.
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MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/genetics
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Breast/metabolism
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leptin/genetics
- Leptin/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Receptors, Leptin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jardé
- Université Clermont 1, UFR Pharmacie, EA4233, CLARA, CRNH-A, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Jardé T, Caldefie-Chézet F, Damez M, Mishellany F, Perrone D, Penault-Llorca F, Guillot J, Vasson MP. Adiponectin and leptin expression in primary ductal breast cancer and in adjacent healthy epithelial and myoepithelial tissue. Histopathology 2009; 53:484-7. [PMID: 18983614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jardé T, Caldefie-Chézet F, Damez M, Mishellany F, Penault-Llorca F, Guillot J, Vasson MP. Leptin and leptin receptor involvement in cancer development: a study on human primary breast carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2008. [PMID: 18357374 DOI: 10.3892/or.19.4.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Leptin, a hormone synthesised essentially by adipose tissue, may be involved in cancer development. We examined the expression of leptin and leptin receptor (Ob-R) in human primary breast cancer and adjacent non-cancerous tissue. We also analysed their relationships with histological variables such as the oestrogen and progesterone receptors, Ki67 proliferation factor and tumour size. The expressions of leptin and Ob-R were investigated by immunohistochemical staining in 35 primary breast cancers and 17 adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Samples and histological features were obtained from the Anti-Cancer Centre. Expressions of leptin and Ob-R were detected in, respectively, 85 and 75% of the primary breast cancer cases studied. The expression of leptin was significantly correlated with Ob-R detection (p=0.008). In addition, Ob-R expression in primary breast carcinoma was positively correlated with oestrogen receptor expression (p=0.028) and tumour size (p=0.045) but not with Ki67 or progesterone receptor expressions. However, the expression of leptin showed no statistical correlation with these variables. First, the co-expression of leptin and Ob-R in primary breast cancer shows that leptin acts on mammary tumour cells via an autocrine pathway. Second, the co-expression of Ob-R and oestrogen receptors suggests a possible interaction between leptin and oestrogen systems to promote breast carcinogenesis. Finally, the fact that Ob-R expression was positively correlated with tumour size may point to a potential role of leptin as a growth factor and of Ob-R as a new prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jardé
- UFR Pharmacie, Université Clermont 1, EA2416, France.
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