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Haverkamp T, Bronisch O, Knösel T, Mogler C, Weichert W, Stauch T, Schmid C, Rummeny C, Beykirch MK, Petrides PE. Heterogeneous molecular behavior in liver tumors (HCC and CCA) of two patients with acute intermittent porphyria. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2647-2655. [PMID: 36245063 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a very rare (orphan) metabolic disorder of porphyrin biosynthesis which is characterized by elevated plasma and urine levels of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG). Patients with this disorder which is caused by a germline mutation of the hydroxymethylbilan-synthase (HMBS)-gene have a high risk of primary liver cancer which may be determined by disease activity. The exact mechanism of carcinogenesis of this rare tumor is unknown, however. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed liver tumor and normal liver specimens of two female AIP patients treated at the Munich EPNET center. One patient had developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the other intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Since biallelic inactivation of HMBS had been observed in one study, we used Sanger and next-generation sequencing with a 8 gene porphyria panel plus 6 potential modifier loci to search for mutations in DNA extractions. RESULTS In the patient with the HCC, we found a second inactivating mutation in the HMBS gene in the tumor but not in the adjacent normal liver tissue. No mutation could be found in the liver tissues of the patient with CCA, however. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic inactivation of HMBS or protoporphyrinogen-oxidase (PPOX), another enzyme of porphyrin biosynthesis, has been observed in patients with acute porphyrias and liver tumors. We could confirm this in our patient with HCC with a mutation in HMBS but not in the one with CCA. Since 5-ALA can be converted into carcinogenic substances such as 4,5-dioxovaleric acid (DOVA) or 3,6-dihydropyrazine-2,5-dipropanoic acid (= cyclic dimerization product of 5-ALA), local production of these metabolites in hepatic areas with complete loss of HMBS activity may contribute to liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haverkamp
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, MVZ Dr.Eberhard, Brauhausstr.4, 44137, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Olivia Bronisch
- Hematology Oncology Center, EPNET Clinical Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Zweibrückenstr.2, 80331, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Knösel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Thalkirchner Str.36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar (RDI), Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr.36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar (RDI), Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr.36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Stauch
- EPNET-Porphyria Specialist Laboratory MVZ PD Dr, Volkmann Kriegsstraße 99, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmid
- Institute of Radiology Dachau, Frühlingstr.33-34, 85221, Dachau, Germany
| | - Claudia Rummeny
- Institute of Radiology Munich East, Wasserburger Landstr.274-276, 81827, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria K Beykirch
- Hematology Oncology Center, EPNET Clinical Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Zweibrückenstr.2, 80331, Munich, Germany
| | - Petro E Petrides
- Hematology Oncology Center, EPNET Clinical Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Zweibrückenstr.2, 80331, Munich, Germany.
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Röth A, Bertram S, Schroeder T, Haverkamp T, Voigt S, Holtkamp C, Klump H, Wörmann B, Reinhardt HC, Alashkar F. Acquired aplastic anemia following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Eur J Haematol 2022; 109:186-194. [PMID: 35592930 PMCID: PMC9347507 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
COVID‐19 is a potential life‐threatening viral disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 and was declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. mRNA‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines are routinely recommended in immune‐compromised patients, including patients with AA, as these patients are at increased risk of contracting COVID‐19 and developing a more severe course of disease. Between March 2021 and November 2021 relapse of AA occurred in four (age [median]: 53 years, range 30–84 years) out of 135 patients currently registered at our department and two de novo cases of AA in temporal context to vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2, were documented. Median time after first COVID‐19 vaccination and relapse of AA was 77 days. All relapsed patients were vaccinated with the mRNA‐based vaccine Comirnaty®. Relapse in two out of the four patients was refractory to CsA/eltrombopag, favoring IST with hATG/CsA or BMT, respectively. Our observations should prompt clinicians to take vaccine‐induced relapse of AA or de novo AA after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination into account. Furthermore, careful clinical monitoring and vigilance for signs or symptoms that may indicate relapse of AA (e.g., bleeding complications) are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Röth
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bertram
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Voigt
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline Holtkamp
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannes Klump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wörmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ferras Alashkar
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Meinel J, Haverkamp T, Wünsche F, Richter-Unruh A. Establishment of Clinical and Lab Algorithms for the Identification of Carriers of Mutations in CYP21A2 - A Study of 365 Children and Adolescents. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 129:492-499. [PMID: 32838438 DOI: 10.1055/a-1217-7169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of CYP21A2 encoding 21-hydroxylase are the most frequent cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and are associated either with elevated basal or ACTH-stimulated levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) in blood. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to identify the most suitable of 12 different test algorithms and appropriate cut-off levels for that test to recognize patients with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) and carriers of clinically relevant mutations in CYP21A2. METHOD AND PATIENTS Between July 2006 and July 2015 ACTH-tests were conducted in 365 children and adolescents (Age 1-20 y) suspected to have NCCAH. As a reference, results from subsequent gene sequencing of CYP21A2 was used. Inclusion criteria that were used were premature pubarche with accelerated bone age, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, or menstrual irregularities. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were plotted. Evaluated test algorithms were composed around 17OHP measurements by radioimmunoassays. The most suitable test was identified by the greatest area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Among the 12 tested algorithms, the sum of 30 min and 60 min stimulated 17OHP values (sum17OHPstim) showed the highest AUC of 0.774 for identifying heterozygous and bi-allelic mutations. A cut-off of 10.1 μg/l was advisable. Bi-allelic mutations only were best identified calculating the difference between 30 min and basal 17OHP values (Δ17OHP30). A cut-off of 9.4 μg/l was most effective. CONCLUSION Alternatively to the above mentioned cut-offs the difference of 60 min after stimulation to basal 17OHP (Δ17OHP60) can be used for the benefit of a combined test to identify both heterozygotes and bi-allelic patients. There are minimal decreases in sensitivity and specificity compared to an approach that applies two tests. However, it denotes a simpler approach in the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meinel
- MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund (ÜBAG), Dortmund Germany
| | - T Haverkamp
- MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund (ÜBAG), Dortmund Germany
| | - F Wünsche
- MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund (ÜBAG), Dortmund Germany
| | - A Richter-Unruh
- MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund (ÜBAG), Dortmund Germany.,Ruhr-University Bochum, University Children's Hospital Bochum, St. Josef- Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bochum Germany
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Bornemann L, Schuster M, Schmitz S, Sobczak C, Bessen C, Merz SF, Jöckel KH, Haverkamp T, Gunzer M, Göthert JR. Defective migration and dysmorphology of neutrophil granulocytes in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia treated with ruxolitinib. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:650. [PMID: 32660441 PMCID: PMC7359613 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of pathologically altered neutrophil granulocyte migration patterns bears strong potential for surveillance and prognostic scoring of diseases. We recently identified a strong correlation between impaired neutrophil motility and the disease stage of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we apply this assay to study quantitively increased neutrophils of a patient suffering from a rare leukemia subtype, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML). METHODS A 69-year-old male was analyzed in this study. Besides routine analyses, we purified the patient's neutrophils from peripheral whole blood and studied their migration behavior using time-lapse video microscopy in a standardized assay. These live cell migration analyses also allowed for the quantification of cell morphology. Furthermore, the cells were stained for the markers CD15, CD16, fMLPR, CXCR1 and CXCR2. RESULTS Despite cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea, the patient's WBC and ANC were poorly controlled and severe dysgranulopoiesis with hypogranularity was observed. Neutrophils displayed strongly impaired migration when compared to healthy controls and migrating cells exhibited a more flattened-out morphology than control neutrophils. Because of a detected CSF3R (p.T618I) mutation and constitutional symptoms treatment with ruxolitinib was initiated. Within 1 week of ruxolitinib treatment, the cell shape normalized and remained indistinguishable from healthy control neutrophils. However, neutrophil migration did not improve over the course of ruxolitinib therapy but was strikingly altered shortly before a sinusitis with fever and bleeding from a gastric ulcer. Molecular work-up revealed that under ruxolitinib treatment, the CSF3R clone was depleted, yet the expansion of a NRAS mutated subclone was promoted. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the usefulness of neutrophil migration analyses to uncover corresponding alterations of neutrophil migration in rare myeloid neoplasms. Furthermore, in addition to monitoring migration the determination of morphological features of live neutrophils might represent a useful tool to monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bornemann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Schuster
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Present address: Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Saskia Schmitz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Charlyn Sobczak
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Clara Bessen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Simon F Merz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Haverkamp
- MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner, Brauhausstraße 4, 44137, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS -e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Kampa-Schittenhelm KM, Haverkamp T, Bonin M, Tsintari V, Bühring HJ, Haeusser L, Blumenstock G, Dreher ST, Ganief T, Akmut F, Illing B, Mau-Holzmann UA, Bonzheim I, Schleicher E, Vogel W, Schittenhelm MM. Epigenetic activation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase overrides the differentiation blockage in acute leukemia. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102678. [PMID: 32272438 PMCID: PMC7139116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overriding the differentiation blockage in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most successful mode-of-action in leukemia therapy – now curing the vast majority of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based regimens. Similar approaches in other leukemia subtypes, such as IDH1/2-mutated AML, are under active investigation. We herein present successful release of the differentiation blockage upon treatment with the natural (−)-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol isomer dronabinol in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cellular maturation and differentiation were followed in two patients employing whole genome methylation profiling, proteome analyses, NGS deep sequencing and multispectral imaging flow cytometry. For functional studies lentiviral OGT knock-down in vitro and ex vivo cell models were created to evaluate proliferative, apoptotic and differentiating effects of OGT in acute leukemia. Findings In here, we provide molecular evidence that dronbinol is capable to override the differentiation blockage of acute leukemia blasts at the state of the leukemia-initiating clone. We further identify the O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) to be crucial in this process. OGT is a master regulator enzyme adding O-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues in a multitude of target proteins. Aberrant O-GlcNAc modification is implicated in pathologies of metabolic, neurodegenerative and autoimme diseases as well as cancers. We provide evidence that dronabinol induces transcription of OGT via epigenetic hypomethylation of the transcription start site (TSS). A lentiviral OGT-knock out approach proves the central role of OGT exerting antileukemic efficacy via a dual-mechanism of action: High concentrations of dronabinol result in induction of apoptosis, whereas lower concentrations drive cellular maturation. Most intriguingly, overriding of the differentiation blockage of acute leukemia blasts is validated in vivo following two patients treated with dronabinol. Interpretation In conclusion, we provide evidence for overcoming the differentiation blockage in acute leukemia in subentities beyond promyelocytic and IDH1/2-mutated leukemia and thereby identify O-GlcNAcylation as a novel (drugable) field for future leukemia research. Funding Unrestricted grant support by the IZKF Program of the Medical Faculty Tübingen (MMS) and Brigitte Schlieben-Lange Program as well as the Margarete von Wrangell Program of the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (KKS) and Athene Program of the excellence initiative University of Tübingen (KKS).
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kampa-Schittenhelm
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | - M Bonin
- Microarray Genechip Facility Tübingen and Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Germany
| | - V Tsintari
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - H J Bühring
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Haeusser
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Blumenstock
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - S T Dreher
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Ganief
- Proteome Center Tübingen at the University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Akmut
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - B Illing
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - U A Mau-Holzmann
- University Hospital Tübingen, Division of Cytogenetics, Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Germany
| | - I Bonzheim
- Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - E Schleicher
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Diabetology, Endokrinology, Nephrology, Germany
| | - W Vogel
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M M Schittenhelm
- University Hospital Tübingen, Dept. of Hematology, Oncology, clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, BB West, Rooms 585-587, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Clinic of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen (KSSG), Switzerland
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Bronisch O, Stauch T, Haverkamp T, Beykirch MK, Petrides PE. Acute porphyrias: a German monocentric study of the biochemical, molecular genetic, and clinical data of 62 families. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:2683-2691. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Tsagoudis K, Magiera-Lappann I, Haverkamp T, Drebber U, Agaimy A, Tantcheva-Poόr I. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome: A novel mutation in the FH gene. J Dermatol 2017; 45:373-375. [PMID: 28691741 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Haverkamp
- Medical Care Center (MVZ) Dr Eberhard and Partner Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Schänzer A, Kimmich C, Röcken C, Haverkamp T, Weidner I, Acker T, Krämer HH. A woman with a rare p.Glu74Gly transthyretin mutation presenting exclusively with a rapidly progressive neuropathy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:403. [PMID: 25471118 PMCID: PMC4289209 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the transthyretin gene, TTR. Diagnosis can be challenging, especially if other family members are not affected or an obvious systemic involvement is lacking. The patients are often misdiagnosed, leading to a delay in the initiation of therapy. Case presentation A 35-year-old woman of Turkish origin presented to our outpatient clinic with severe polyneuropathy associated with distally pronounced tetraparesis and hypesthesia of 2 to 3 years’ duration. In addition, small nerve fiber involvement with impaired detection of cold temperatures and tingling pain in the lower legs was reported. She did not complain of autonomic dysfunction or visual disturbance. Her family history was empty regarding neuromuscular disorders. The routine diagnostic work-up was unremarkable. A sural nerve biopsy disclosed amyloid deposits, which led to the identification of a rare heterozygous transthyretin mutation (p.Glu74Gly; old classification: p.Glu54Gly). Conclusions Few cases with this very heterozygous mutation can be found in the literature. In contrast to the case of our patient, all of the previously described patients in the literature presented with additional severe autonomic symptoms, involvement of the eyes and a positive family history. In this case report, we emphasize that, in patients with progressive neuropathy with small fiber involvement, an amyloid neuropathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis, even if the family history is empty and other organs are not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Arndstrasse 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Kotlar HK, Lewin A, Johansen J, Throne-Holst M, Haverkamp T, Markussen S, Winnberg A, Ringrose P, Aakvik T, Ryeng E, Jakobsen K, Drabløs F, Valla S. High coverage sequencing of DNA from microorganisms living in an oil reservoir 2.5 kilometres subsurface. Environ Microbiol Rep 2011; 3:674-681. [PMID: 23761356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize a variety of extreme environments, and based on cultivation studies and analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA sequences, microbial life appears to extend deep into the earth crust. However, none of these studies involved comprehensive characterizations of total DNA. Here we report results of a high-coverage DNA pyrosequencing of an apparently representative and uncontaminated sample from a deep sea oil reservoir located 2.5 km subsurface, attributing a pressure and temperature of 250 bars and 85°C respectively. Bioinformatic analyses of the DNA sequences indicate that the reservoir harbours a rich microbial community dominated by a smaller number of taxa. Comparison of the metagenome with sequences in databases indicated that there may have been contact between the oil reservoir and surface communities late in the sequence of geological events leading to oil reservoir formation. One specific gene, encoding a putative enolase, was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli. Enolase activity was confirmed and was found to be much more thermotolerant than for a corresponding E. coli enzyme, consistent with the conditions in the oil reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans K Kotlar
- Statoil ASA, 7053 Ranheim, Norway Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, 7465 Trondheim, Norway CEES and MERG, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zschocke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Reiser M, Eickmann S, Haverkamp T, Finckh U. Variegate porphyria in a 46-year-old patient taking sibutramine for weight loss. Obes Rev 2010; 11:329-31. [PMID: 19845869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The acute hepatic porphyrias can cause life-threatening attacks of neurovisceral symptoms that mimic other acute medical conditions. Variegate porphyria caused by mutations in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX) gene is a latent disorder characterized by exacerbations induced by fasting, alcohol consumption or certain drugs. We describe the case of a 46-year-old female patient presenting with a first episode of symptomatic porphyria after 10 d of sibutramine treatment for weight loss. Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous R168H hot spot mutation in the PPOX gene. A putative effect of sibutramine on the hepatic haem biosynthetic pathway and reduced food intake have likely caused this exacerbation of a porphyria attack. Although this may be the first case report of this kind, the risk of acute porphyria should be considered in patients using pharmacotherapy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reiser
- Department of Medicine and Gastroenterology, Klinikum Vest GmbH - Paracelsus-Klinik Marl, Marl, Germany.
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12
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Vogel Y, Büchner N, Haverkamp T, Henning B. Familiäres Mittelmeerfieber. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2008; 133:1621-4. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1082777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Haverkamp T, Acinas SG, Doeleman M, Stomp M, Huisman J, Stal LJ. Diversity and phylogeny of Baltic Sea picocyanobacteria inferred from their ITS and phycobiliprotein operons. Environ Microbiol 2007; 10:174-88. [PMID: 17903216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Picocyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus span a range of different colours, from red strains rich in phycoerythrin (PE) to green strains rich in phycocyanin (PC). Here, we show that coexistence of red and green picocyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea is widespread. The diversity and phylogeny of red and green picocyanobacteria was analysed using three different genes: 16S rRNA-ITS, the cpeBA operon of the red PE pigment and the cpcBA operon of the green PC pigment. Sequencing of 209 clones showed that Baltic Sea picocyanobacteria exhibit high levels of microdiversity. The partial nucleotide sequences of the cpcBA and cpeBA operons from the clone libraries of the Baltic Sea revealed two distinct phylogenetic clades: one clade containing mainly sequences from cultured PC-rich picocyanobacteria, while the other contains only sequences from cultivated PE-rich strains. A third clade of phycourobilin (PUB) containing strains of PE-rich Synechococcus spp. did not contain sequences from the Baltic Sea clone libraries. These findings differ from previously published phylogenies based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. Our data suggest that, in terms of their pigmentation, Synechococcus spp. represent three different lineages occupying different ecological niches in the underwater light spectrum. Strains from different lineages can coexist in light environments that overlap with their light absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haverkamp
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Hutchinson's paradox of the plankton inspired many studies on the mechanisms of species coexistence. Recent laboratory experiments showed that partitioning of white light allows stable coexistence of red and green picocyanobacteria. Here, we investigate to what extent these laboratory findings can be extrapolated to natural waters. We predict from a parameterized competition model that the underwater light colour of lakes and seas provides ample opportunities for coexistence of red and green phytoplankton species. To test this prediction, we sampled picocyanobacteria of 70 aquatic ecosystems, ranging from clear blue oceans to turbid brown peat lakes. As predicted, red picocyanobacteria dominated in clear waters, whereas green picocyanobacteria dominated in turbid waters. We found widespread coexistence of red and green picocyanobacteria in waters of intermediate turbidity. These field data support the hypothesis that niche differentiation along the light spectrum promotes phytoplankton biodiversity, thus providing a colourful solution to the paradox of the plankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayke Stomp
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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von Brasch L, Zang C, Haverkamp T, Schlechte H, Heckers H, Petrides PE. Molecular analysis of acute intermittent porphyria: mutation screening in 20 patients in Germany reveals 11 novel mutations. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2004; 32:309-14. [PMID: 15003823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a very rare autosomal dominant disorder with low penetrance. Mutations in the gene of the porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D), also called hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), cause a partial deficiency of this enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway. Overstimulation of heme biosynthesis causes clinical symptoms. Because of the variability of the symptoms, diagnosis is often delayed. Using two approaches for genetic analysis, first in a stepwise manner, then sequencing extensive parts of the gene, the screening of the DNA of 20 unrelated individuals revealed 20 different mutations, 11 of which had not been reported previously. The novel mutations affected intron 1 (33 + 2 T-->C), exon 5 (181 G-->C), intron 6 (267-61 del 8 bp), intron 7 (345-1 G-->C), intron 9 (498 + 15 G-->T and 499-13 Delta-14 bp indel TGA), intron 13 (825 + 1 G-->C and 825 + 2 T-->C), exon 15 (962 G-A, 1067 del A and 1067-1068 ins 5 bp). The other nine mutations detected affected intron 14, exons 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (3x) and 12. In the majority of AIP patients, the genotype does not predict phenotypic expression. Since the sudden manifestation of the disease maybe prevented by early diagnosis, identification of AIP gene carriers is the best preventive measure. This was performed in five families, revealing 10 additional AIP gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léon von Brasch
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Charité-University Hospital, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
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Haverkamp T, Schwenn JD. Structure and function of a cysBJIH gene cluster in the purple sulphur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina. Microbiology (Reading) 1999; 145 ( Pt 1):115-125. [PMID: 10206689 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-145-1-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A gene cluster containing homologues of the genes cysB, cysJI and cysH was found in the genome of the sulphur-oxidizing purple bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina. The nucleotide sequence indicated four open reading frames encoding homologues of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulphate (PAPS) reductase (CysH), sulphite reductase flavoprotein (CysJ) and haem protein (CysI) subunits, and a transcriptional regulator (CysB). Genes cysJIH are separated by a short cis-active intergenic region from cysB which is transcribed divergently. cysB encodes a polypeptide of 35.9 kDa consisting of 323 amino acid residues with 40% identity to the CysB regulator from enterobacteria. cysH encodes a protein with 239 amino acid residues and a calculated mass of 27.7 kDa; cysJ encodes a protein with 522 amino acid residues and a mass of 57.8 kDa; and cysI encodes a protein with 559 amino acid residues and a mass of 62.3 kDa. The cysJIH gene products have been expressed and used for complementation of cys mutants from Escherichia coli Biochemical analysis. The gene product CysH is a thioredoxin-dependent PAPS reductase (EC 1.8.99.4). It was repressed under photoautotrophic growth using hydrogen sulphide as electron donor and derepressed under conditions of sulphate deficiency. Products of the cysJI genes were identified as the two subunits of NADPH-sulphite reductase (EC 1.8.1.2). cysJ encoded the flavoprotein, with > or = 39% identity to the protein from E. coli, and cysI encoded the haem protein, with > or = 53% identity. A cysI clone was used to complement the corresponding mutant from E. coli and to express enzymically active methylviologen-sulphite reductase.
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Brühl A, Haverkamp T, Gisselmann G, Schwenn JD. A cDNA clone from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding plastidic ferredoxin:sulfite reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1295:119-24. [PMID: 8695637 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(96)00066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA with an open reading frame of 1929 bp (termed sir) was isolated from a lambda ZapII library of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue. The polypeptide sequence deduced from the cDNA is homologous to the ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase (EC 1.8.7.1) from Synechococcus PCC7942 and distantly related to the hemoprotein subunit of Escherichia coli NADPH-dependent sulfite reductase (EC 1.8.1.2). A molecular mass of 71.98 kDa can be predicted for a ferredoxin sulfite reductase from A. thaliana. The polypeptide consists of 642 amino acids including a transit peptide of 66 residues (6.72 kDa) that is assumed to direct the protein into the plastid. For expression and enzymatic characterization of a putative A. thaliana ferredoxin sulfite reductase, the DNA of the transit peptide was deleted by a PCR method. The truncated cDNA clone was expressed as his-tag fusion protein. The modified gene product was enzymatically inactive but specific cross-reaction with polyclonal antibodies against ferredoxin sulfite reductase from Synechococcus is seen as confirmation of its identity as higher plant ferredoxin sulfite reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brühl
- Faculty of Biology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Berendt U, Haverkamp T, Prior A, Schwenn JD. Reaction mechanism of thioredoxin: 3'-phospho-adenylylsulfate reductase investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Eur J Biochem 1995; 233:347-56. [PMID: 7588765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.347_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Properties of purified recombinant adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAdoPS) reductase from Escherichia coli were investigated. The Michaelis constants for reduced thioredoxin and PAdoPS are 23 microM and 10 microM, respectively; the enzyme has a Vmax of 94-99 mumol min-1 mg-1 and a molecular activity/catalytically active dimer of 95 s-1. Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAdoP) inhibits competitively (Ki 4 microM) with respect to PAdoPS; adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate and sulfite are not inhibitory. Alkylation by SH-group inhibitors irreversibly inactivates the enzyme. The structural gene (cysH) encodes for a small polypeptide with a single Cys residue located in a conserved cluster (KXECGI/LH) of amino acids. Involvement of the only Cys and of Tyr209 in the reduction of PAdoPS to sulfite was investigated by site-specific mutagenesis: cysH was mutated by single-strand-overlay extension PCR; the mutated genes were cloned in pBTac1 and expressed in E. coli RL 22 (delta cysHIJ). Homogenous Cys239Ser and Tyr209Phe mutant PAdoPS reductases were investigated for altered catalytic properties. Mutation of the single Cys reduced Vmax by a factor of 4.5 x 10(3) (Vmax = 0.02-0.013 mumol min-1 mg-1) with marginal effects on Km for PAdoPS (19 microM) and reduced thioredoxin (14 microM). Mutation of Tyr209 drastically affected saturation with thioredoxin (Km 1.5 microM) and decreased Vmax (0.22-0.25 mumol min-1 mg-1) in addition to a small increase in Km for PAdoPS (31 microM). Chromophores as prosthetic groups were absent from recombinant PAdoPS reductase. Difference absorption spectra between reduced and oxidized forms of wild-type and mutated proteins indicated that, in addition to Cys239 and Tyr209, an unidentified Trp (delta lambda max 292 nm) appears to be involved in the reduction. The data suggest a special ping-pong mechanism with PAdoPS reacting with the reduced enzyme isomer in a Theorell-Chance type mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Berendt
- Biochemistry of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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