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Le TK, Newland ES, Brown I, Goldberg R, Semenov YR, Kwatra SG. Cutaneous immune-related adverse event burden and effect on immunotherapy: A retrospective review of the experience at a tertiary care immunotherapy center. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:648-650. [PMID: 37977293 PMCID: PMC10922744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Le
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Isabelle Brown
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Marani M, Madan V, Le TK, Deng J, Lee KK, Ma EZ, Kwatra SG. Dysregulation of the Skin-Liver Axis in Prurigo Nodularis: An Integrated Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Population-Based Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:146. [PMID: 38397136 PMCID: PMC10887737 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pruritus has long been linked to hepatic dysfunction; however, there are limited data characterizing the association between liver disease and prurigo nodularis (PN), a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring severe pruritis. We thus conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hepatic comorbidities in PN patients using TriNetX, a large global health research network. This analysis revealed that PN patients had a higher risk (p < 0.001) of developing liver cirrhosis, acute and subacute hepatic failure, inflammatory liver disease, chronic hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, portal hypertension, fatty liver, chronic passive congestion of the liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma compared with healthy controls. The cumulative incidence of liver disease was about three times higher in PN patients compared with healthy controls. These findings provided the basis for translational studies to investigate a genetic mechanism for this association. Cutaneous transcriptomic analysis performed on PN patients revealed the dysregulation of genes related to hepatic failure in lesional PN compared with both nonlesional PN and control skin. Similarly, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) revealed a significantly increased (p < 0.05) activation of liver metabolism, chronic hepatic failure, acute hepatic failure, cholestatic liver disease, polycystic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma pathways in lesional PN compared with control skin. A subsequent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified shared single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes AR, EDIL3, MACROD2, PCSK5, RUNX1T1, TENM4, and ZEB2 between PN and liver disease from the FinnGen cohort. Significant dysregulation of the skin-liver axis in PN patients may explain the increased incidence and severity of hepatic comorbidities and help identify future therapeutic targets for PN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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3
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Klomjit N, Evans R, Le TK, Wells SL, Ortega J, Green-Lingren O, Mazepa M, Sise ME, Jhaveri KD, Gupta S. Frequency and characteristics of chemotherapy-associated thrombotic microangiopathy: Analysis from a large pharmacovigilance database. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:E369-E372. [PMID: 37740927 PMCID: PMC10844958 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
We used the information component (IC), a disproportionate Bayesian analysis comparing the number of observed versus expected adverse drug reactions, to determine the potential association between anti-neoplastic agents and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). The IC025 indicates the lower end of 95% of IC, in which a value >0 suggests a disproportionality signal between the drug of interest and the adverse drug reaction. Carfilzomib had the highest IC025 for TMA among all studied chemotherapies followed by gemcitabine, mitomycin, bevacizumab, and bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawat Klomjit
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of
Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Richard Evans
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MN,
USA
| | - Thomas K. Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sophia L. Wells
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Ortega
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Marshall Mazepa
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation,
Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Meghan E. Sise
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenar D. Jhaveri
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Donald and
Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Gupta
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, MA, USA
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Nguyen N, Wan G, Ugwu-Dike P, Alexander NA, Raval N, Zhang S, Jairath R, Phillipps J, Leung B, Roster K, Seo J, Lu C, Tang K, Choi MS, DeSimone MS, Theodosakis N, Amadife M, Cox N, Le TK, Liu F, Chen W, Bai X, Boland G, Liu D, Hurlbert MS, LeBoeuf N, Reynolds KL, Yu KH, Tsao H, Asgari M, Gusev A, Kwatra SG, Semenov YR. Influence of melanoma type on incidence and downstream implications of cutaneous immune-related adverse events in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)00204-9. [PMID: 36828138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) are associated with a survival benefit in the setting of advanced melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Previous studies have not examined the role of melanoma subtypes on cirAE development and downstream therapeutic outcomes. OBJECTIVE Examine the impact of melanoma subtypes on cirAE onset and survival among ICI recipients. METHODS Retrospective multi-institutional cohort study. Multivariate time-series regressions were utilized to assess relationships between melanoma subtype, cirAE development, and survival. RESULTS Among 747 ICI recipients, 236 (31.6%) patients developed a cirAE. Patients with acral melanoma were less likely to develop a cirAE (HR=0.41, p=0.016) compared to patients with non-acral cutaneous melanoma. Across all melanoma subtypes, cirAEs were associated with reduced mortality (HR=0.76, p=0.042). Patients with acral (HR=2.04, p=0.005), mucosal (HR=2.30 p<0.001), and uveal (HR=4.09, p<0.001) primaries exhibited the worst survival. LIMITATIONS Retrospective cohort study. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate differences in cirAE development among melanoma subtypes. The presence of cirAEs was associated with better survival. Further, the lower incidence of cirAEs may be a marker of immunotherapy response, which is reflected in the association between acral melanoma and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Guihong Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pearl Ugwu-Dike
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nora A Alexander
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Neel Raval
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shijia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruple Jairath
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jordan Phillipps
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bonnie Leung
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Katie Roster
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jayhyun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chenyue Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kimberly Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Min Seok Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mia S DeSimone
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Nevada Cox
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas K Le
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ
| | - Wenxin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Genevieve Boland
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David Liu
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Nicole LeBoeuf
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry L Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kun-Hsing Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Maryam Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Le TK, Cha L, Gee G, Dean LT, Juon HS, Tseng W. Asian American Self-Reported Discrimination in Healthcare and Having a Usual Source of Care. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:259-270. [PMID: 35018579 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported racial or ethnic discrimination in a healthcare setting has been linked to worse health outcomes and not having a usual source of care, but has been rarely examined among Asian ethnic subgroups. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between Asian ethnic subgroup and self-reported discrimination in a healthcare setting, and whether both factors were associated with not having a usual source of care. DESIGN Using the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2015-2017, we used logistic regression models to assess associations among Asian ethnic subgroup, self-reported discrimination, and not having a usual source of care. Interactions between race and self-reported discrimination, foreign-born status, poverty level, and limited English proficiency were also analyzed. PARTICIPANTS Respondents represented adults age 18 + residing in California who identified as White, Black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian (including Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Other Asian), and Other. MAIN MEASURES We examined two main outcomes: self-reported discrimination in a healthcare setting and having a usual source of care. KEY RESULTS There were 62,965 respondents. After survey weighting, Asians (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.19-2.66) as an aggregate group were more likely to report discrimination than non-Hispanic Whites. When Asians were disaggregated, Japanese (3.12, 1.36-7.13) and Koreans (2.42, 1.11-5.29) were more likely to report discrimination than non-Hispanic Whites. Self-reported discrimination was marginally associated with not having a usual source of care (1.25, 0.99-1.57). Koreans were the only group associated with not having a usual source of care (2.10, 1.23-3.60). Foreign-born Chinese (ROR 7.42, 95% CI 1.7-32.32) and foreign-born Japanese (ROR 4.15, 95% CI 0.82-20.95) were more associated with self-reported discrimination than being independently foreign-born and Chinese or Japanese. CONCLUSIONS Differences in self-reported discrimination in a healthcare setting and not having a usual source of care were observed among Asian ethnic subgroups. Better understanding of these differences in their sociocultural contexts will guide interventions to ensure equitable access to healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Le
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 733 N. Broadway, Suite 137 Miller Research Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Leah Cha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gilbert Gee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorraine T Dean
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Winston Tseng
- Health Research for Action, Berkeley Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Le TK, Brown I, Goldberg R, Taylor MT, Deng J, Parthasarathy V, Bordeaux ZA, Alphonse MP, Kwatra MM, Naranbhai V, Gusev A, Alhariri J, LeBoeuf NR, Reynolds KL, Cappelli LC, Naidoo J, Brahmer JR, Kang S, Semenov YR, Kwatra SG. Cutaneous Toxicities Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Observational, Pharmacovigilance Study. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2896-2908.e4. [PMID: 35605659 PMCID: PMC10796162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) are the most prevalent complication to arise from immunotherapy and cause significant morbidity. We aimed to determine the spectrum, timing, clinical features, and outcomes of cirAEs by conducting an observational pharmacovigilance study using VigiBase, the World Health Organization's global database of individual case safety reports from over 130 member countries (ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04898751). We compared adverse event reporting in patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (91,323 adverse events) with those of the full reporting database (18,919,358 adverse events). There were 10,933 cases of cirAEs within 51 distinct dermatologic types, with 27 specific eruptions with disproportionate signal represented (information component [IC]025 > 0). Of these 27 eruptions, there were eight cirAEs with n > 100 reports, including vitiligo (IC025 = 4.87), bullous pemphigoid (IC025 = 4.08), lichenoid dermatitis (IC025 = 3.69), erythema multiforme (IC025 = 1.03), toxic epidermal necrolysis (IC025 = 0.95), Stevens‒Johnson syndrome (IC025 = 0.41), drug eruption (IC025 = 0.11), and eczematous dermatitis (IC025 = 0.11). There were differences in time to onset after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation, with a median of approximately 1 month (erythema multiforme, Stevens‒Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis), 2 months (drug eruption and eczematous dermatitis), 4 months (lichenoid dermatitis), and 5‒6 months (bullous pemphigoid and vitiligo). CirAEs are diverse, dependent on cancer type, and have distinct and different onset times that are linked to the cirAE subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Le
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabelle Brown
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew T Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Junwen Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zachary A Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin Prince Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madan M Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Department of Oncology, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jihad Alhariri
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole R LeBoeuf
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerry L Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura C Cappelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jarushka Naidoo
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie R Brahmer
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sewon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Le TK, Vongsachang H, Pang S, Zhang GQ, Li T, Lee JTC, Lawson SM. US medical student perspectives on asian american patient inclusion in medical education: a qualitative Study. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:482. [PMID: 35729562 PMCID: PMC9213094 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian American (AsAm) representation is lacking in conversations surrounding cultural humility in healthcare. We aimed to investigate US medical student perspectives on AsAm patient inclusion in cultural humility training in medical education. METHODS This qualitative study analyzed free-text responses to an optional, open-ended question presented at the conclusion of an online survey assessing medical student experiences with and perceptions regarding AsAm patients in their medical education. This survey was distributed to a convenience sample of nine US medical schools. Medical students who completed at least one clinical rotation were eligible to participate in the survey. Qualitative analysis of free-text responses was conducted in an iterative process to generate emergent themes. RESULTS There was a total of 195 optional free-text responses from 688 participants (28%). Motivation to learn about AsAm population included shared identity and desire to better serve the AsAm population in their local community and future careers. Topics of interest included healthcare-related cultural preferences, healthcare delivery strategies, and health disparities for the AsAm population and other minority patients. Students reported that they drew on personal experiences and some pre-clinical or clinical exposures to learn about AsAm patients. Respondents cited the lack of exposure in the medical school curriculum and clinical experiences as the main challenge to learning about AsAm health and provided suggestions for the delivery of this education in their pre-clinical and clinical education. Respondents emphasized that AsAms are treated as a monolith in medical education and healthcare, despite their heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Medical students identified a need and interest for greater inclusion of AsAm topics in medical education on cultural humility and minority health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Le
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building Suite 137, MD, 21205, Baltimore, US
| | - Hursuong Vongsachang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building Suite 137, MD, 21205, Baltimore, US
| | - Sharon Pang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building Suite 137, MD, 21205, Baltimore, US
| | - George Q Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building Suite 137, MD, 21205, Baltimore, US
| | - Taibo Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building Suite 137, MD, 21205, Baltimore, US
| | - Jason T C Lee
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building Suite 137, MD, 21205, Baltimore, US
| | - Shari M Lawson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building Suite 137, MD, 21205, Baltimore, US.
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Le TK, Kaul S, Cappelli LC, Naidoo J, Semenov YR, Kwatra SG. Cutaneous adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: incidence and types of reactive dermatoses. J DERMATOL TREAT 2022; 33:1691-1695. [PMID: 33656965 PMCID: PMC8458472 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1898529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatoses are common and potentially serious complications of programmed cell death receptor PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-1 ICI) therapy. Understanding their incidence is necessary to support clinical awareness, diagnosis, and management. OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence and odds of reported non-cancerous dermatoses in the setting of anti-PD-1 ICI therapy. METHODS Cross-sectional study of anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab or nivolumab) treated patients at a tertiary healthcare institution. Selected dermatologic events following immunotherapy were identified in the electronic medical record. Comparator arm were patients that developed these same dermatoses without receiving anti-PD-1 ICI therapy. RESULTS There were 13.7% (254/1857) patients that developed one of 28 dermatoses. Compared with the general population, patients treated with anti-PD-1 had a greater risk for development of mucositis (OR 65.7, 95% CI 35.0-123.3), xerostomia (OR 11.9, 95% CI 8.4-16.8), pruritus (11.3, 95% CI 8.9-14.3), and lichen planus/lichenoid dermatitis (OR 10.7, 95% CI 5.6-20.7). CONCLUSIONS We report the frequency of dermatoses encountered in the setting of ICI therapy, both common (pruritus, rash, vitiligo) and uncommon (scleroderma, urticaria).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Le
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Subuhi Kaul
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura C. Cappelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jarushka Naidoo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sutaria N, Adawi W, Brown I, Parthasarathy V, Roh YS, Choi J, Bordeaux ZA, Trinh P, Le TK, Deng J, Semenov YR, Kwatra SG. Racial disparities in mortality among patients with prurigo nodularis: A multi-center cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:487-490. [PMID: 34560195 PMCID: PMC8810612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Waleed Adawi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabelle Brown
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Varsha Parthasarathy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Youkyung S Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zachary A Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pavin Trinh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas K Le
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Junwen Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Tang K, Seo J, Tiu BC, Le TK, Pahalyants V, Raval NS, Ugwu-Dike PO, Zubiri L, Naranbhai V, Carrington M, Gusev A, Reynolds KL, LeBoeuf NR, Asgari MM, Kwatra SG, Semenov YR. Association of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events With Increased Survival in Patients Treated With Anti-Programmed Cell Death 1 and Anti-Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Therapy. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:189-193. [PMID: 35019948 PMCID: PMC8756357 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) occur in 20% to 40% of all treated patients. To our knowledge, little is known about the predictive value of these cutaneous eruptions and their subtypes regarding cancer survival. OBJECTIVE To determine the association of developing cirAEs following treatment with anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy with patient survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study used data from the TriNetX Diamond Network, a database of health records and claims data from more than 200 million US and European patients, to conduct a population-level cohort analysis. The study included 7008 eligible patients who developed cirAEs after treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy for malignant neoplasms of digestive organs, bronchus or lung, melanoma of skin, and urinary tract who were identified through the TriNetX Diamond Network along with 7008 matched controls. EXPOSURES Development of cirAEs within 6 months following anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES A 6-month analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to determine the association of cirAEs with overall survival after adjusting for demographic characteristics, cancer type, and cancer stage. RESULTS A total of 7008 patients (3036 women [43.3%]; mean [SD] age, 68.2 [11.2] years) were matched to 7008 (3044 women [43.4%]; mean [SD] age, 68.3 [11.1] years) controls. Pruritus (hazard ratio [HR], 0.695; 95% CI, 0.602-0.803; P < .001), drug eruption (HR, 0.755; 95% CI, 0.635-0.897; P = .001), xerosis (HR, 0.626; 95% CI, 0.469-0.834; P = .001), nonspecific rashes (HR, 0.704; 95% CI, 0.634-0.781; P < .001), and appearance of any cirAE (HR, 0.778; 95% CI, 0.726-0.834; P < .001) were significantly protective of mortality using a Benjamini-Hochberg correction with a significance level of .05. Additionally, psoriasis (HR, 0.703; 95% CI, 0.497-0.994; P = .045) and lichen planus/lichenoid dermatitis (HR, 0.511; 95% CI, 0.279-0.939; P = .03) were significant. Eczematous dermatitis (HR, 0.612; 95% CI, 0.314-1.195), vitiligo (HR, 0.534; 95% CI, 0.254-1.123), bullous pemphigoid (HR, 0.524; 95% CI, 0.140-1.956), and Grover disease (HR, 0.468; 95% CI, 0.115-1.898) were all associated with strong protective clinical effects. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this cohort study suggest that the development of cirAEs is strongly associated with response to ICI therapy and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Tang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston
| | - Jayhyun Seo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston
| | - Bruce C. Tiu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston,Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas K. Le
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Dermatology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vartan Pahalyants
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston,Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neel S. Raval
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston,Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts,Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Leyre Zubiri
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Boston
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Boston
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge,Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kerry L. Reynolds
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Boston
| | - Nicole R. LeBoeuf
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maryam M. Asgari
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston,Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Dermatology, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yevgeniy R. Semenov
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston,Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wu X, Le TK, Maeda-Minami A, Yoshino T, Horiba Y, Mimura M, Watanabe K. Relationship Between Conventional Medicine Chapters in ICD-10 and Kampo Pattern Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:751403. [PMID: 34987389 PMCID: PMC8721141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The newest revision to the International Classification of Diseases, the 11th edition (ICD-11) includes disease classifications from East Asian medicine, including traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo medicine). These disease classifications allow for comparisons between disease classifications from conventional medicine and Kampo medicine. Design/Location/Subjects/Interventions: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between conventional medicine diagnoses and Kampo medicine diagnoses at a large Kampo clinic in Japan. Patients were seen from October 1st, 2014 to June 30th, 2019 and were 20 years of age or older. Outcome measures: Patients presented with one or more conventional medicine ICD-10 codes into the clinic and were given one descriptor from the ICD-11 within the heat-cold module, excess-deficiency module, and an optional body constituents module. The distribution of these Kampo medicine codes was examined in relation to conventional medicine chapters. Results: 1,209 patients were included in our final analysis. Patient number, ages, sex ratio, and BMI varied within conventional medicine ICD-10 chapters and Kampo medicine descriptor codes. Certain conventional medicine chapters are related to specific Kampo medicine descriptor codes, such as chapter IV (endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases) with excess, heat, and kidney qi deficiency. Conclusion: The advent of the ICD-11 allows for systematic, standardized comparisons between Kampo medicine, and contemporary medicine. In this exploratory study, our findings support the independence of Kampo medicine pattern descriptors with ICD-10 conventional medicine chapters. Code overrepresentations in relation to conventional medicine diseases and by age and sex should be an area of future investigation to best understand how to synergize and improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wu
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas K Le
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ayako Maeda-Minami
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Yoshino
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Horiba
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Whang KA, Le TK, Khanna R, Williams KA, Roh YS, Sutaria N, Choi J, Gabriel S, Chavda R, Semenov Y, Kwatra SG. Health-related quality of life and economic burden of prurigo nodularis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:573-580. [PMID: 34058278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an understudied, pruritic inflammatory skin disease. Little is known about the effect of PN on quality of life and its associated economic burden. OBJECTIVE To quantify the impact of PN on quality of life and its economic implications. METHODS A cohort study of PN patients (n = 36) was conducted using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 questionnaire. Control data from US adults (n = 4187) were obtained from the 2002-2003 Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health. Quality-adjusted life year loss and economic costs were estimated by comparing the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 scores of the PN patients with those of the controls. RESULTS The PN patients had lower overall health performance compared to the controls, (mean ± SE, 0.52 ± 0.06 vs 0.86 ± 0.003, respectively, P < .001). In multivariable regression, PN was found to be associated with worse health performance (coefficient -0.34, 95% CI [-0.46 to -0.23]), most prominent in the pain subdomain (coefficient -0.24, 95% CI [-0.35 to -0.13]). This correlated to an average of 6.5 lifetime quality-adjusted life years lost per patient, translating to an individual lifetime economic burden of $323,292 and a societal burden of $38.8 billion. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that PN is associated with significant quality-of-life impairment, similar to the level of other chronic systemic conditions. PN is also associated with a substantial individual economic burden, emphasizing the necessity of research on effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Whang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas K Le
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raveena Khanna
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kyle A Williams
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Youkyung Sophie Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sylvie Gabriel
- Galderma Prescription Global Business Unit, Rue d'Entre-deux-Villes, La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland
| | - Rajeev Chavda
- Galderma Prescription Global Business Unit, Rue d'Entre-deux-Villes, La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland
| | - Yevgeniy Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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13
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Pahalyants V, Raval NS, Ugwu-Dike PO, Le TK, Reynolds KL, Kwatra SG, Semenov YR. Impact of cancer type on the incidence of cutaneous toxicities after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A population-level analysis. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14553 Background: Cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy are increasing as these drugs are more widely used. Population-level studies are lacking. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the primary tumor’s effect on cirAE incidence and downstream utilization of systemic immunosuppression in a national healthcare database (TriNetX). Methods: Index event was defined as day of ICI initiation; outcomes were restricted to 2 years from index. cirAEs were defined as 42 dermatoses identified in a comprehensive review of the cirAE literature (Sibaud 2018) and expert opinion. Systemic immunosuppression was classified as steroidal or non-steroidal. Primary outcomes included aggregate and cancer-specific incidence of cirAEs across the four most common cancer indications for ICI therapy (melanoma, lung, urinary, and gastrointestinal). Secondary outcomes included utilization of new steroidal or non-steroidal systemic immunosuppression. For each analysis, we excluded patients with an outcome prior to the index event. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated after 1-to-1 propensity score matching, adjusting for age at index, sex, race, ethnicity, and ICI target, with the lung cancer group as reference. Results: We identified 27,481 eligible subjects. Aggregate incidence of cirAEs across all cancer types was 23.41%, with non-specific rashes, pruritus, and drug eruptions as the most common diagnoses. Among all patients, new steroidal and non-steroidal immunosuppression use following ICI initiation was 16.1% and 4.1%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, melanoma (RR 1.60, 95% CI 1.43-1.79, p < 0.001) was associated with a higher risk of cirAE, while urinary and gastrointestinal tract cancers were not significantly different from the reference. Melanoma (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.74), urinary tract (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.81) and gastrointestinal tract (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.39-0.53) cancers were all less likely to require steroidal immunosuppression (all p < 0.001). However, patients with urinary tract cancer (RR 4.03, 95% CI 3.04-5.35) and melanoma (RR 2.44, 95% CI 1.75-3.40) were more likely to receive non-steroidal systemic immunosuppression (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results reinforce that ICI recipients commonly develop skin toxicities and provide robust evidence that melanoma is independently associated with their incidence. Furthermore, we found that patients with lung cancers received steroidal systemic immunosuppression most frequently, an intervention associated with poorer overall survival (Riudavets 2020). In contrast, patients with melanoma were more likely to receive non-steroidal immunosuppression. This study is the first population-based analysis of an irAE across tumor types and is proof-of-concept for future investigations into clinical risk factors in a large dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartan Pahalyants
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA
| | - Neel Sanjiv Raval
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA
| | | | - Thomas K. Le
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kerry Lynn Reynolds
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Baltimore, MD
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14
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Sutaria N, Parthasarathy V, Roh YS, Choi J, Bordeaux ZA, Trinh P, Le TK, Semenov YR, Kwatra SG. Itch in skin of colour: a multicentre cross-sectional study. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:652-654. [PMID: 33893648 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V Parthasarathy
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y S Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Z A Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Trinh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T K Le
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Pang S, Vongsachang H, Le TK, Zhang GQ, Li T, Lee JTC, Lawson SM. Knowledge and attitudes of U.S. medical students regarding the care of Asian American patients: a cross-sectional survey study. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:148. [PMID: 33676520 PMCID: PMC7937206 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Americans (AsAm) are a rapidly growing population in the U.S. With this growing population, U.S. healthcare providers must be equipped to provide culturally competent care for AsAm patients. This project surveyed U.S. medical students on their knowledge of and attitudes towards AsAm to assess predictors of readiness to care for AsAm patients. METHOD This cross-sectional study surveyed medical students who had completed at least one clinical rotation. The survey was distributed online to nine medical schools throughout the U.S. The survey measured self-rated knowledge of, comfort with, cultural competency (CC) towards, and explicit biases towards AsAm patients. The first three domains were analyzed in a multivariate regression model including sociodemographic characteristics and past clinical, curricular, and social experiences with AsAm. Explicit bias questions were reported descriptively. RESULTS There were 688 respondents. Asian race, AsAm-prevalent hometown, AsAm-related extracurricular activities, Asian language knowledge, and having taken a population health course predicted increased AsAm knowledge. Social interactions with AsAm increased comfort with AsAm patients. Increasing year in medical school, more frequent exposure to AsAm patients on rotations, and prior travel to an Asian country were predictors of increased CC toward AsAm. Importantly, having completed a CC course was a significant predictor in all domains. In terms of explicit bias, students felt that AsAm patients were more compliant than Caucasian patients. Students also believed that Caucasian patients were generally more likely to receive self-perceived "preferred" versus "acceptable" care, but that in their own clinical experiences neither group received preferred care. CONCLUSION Experience with and exposure to AsAm prior to and during medical school and CC courses may increase medical student knowledge, comfort, and CC with AsAm patients. Standardized and longitudinal CC training, increased simulations with AsAm patients, diverse student recruitment, and support for students to engage in AsAm-related activities and interact with AsAm may improve CC of future physicians towards AsAm patients and possibly other minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Pang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building 137, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hursuong Vongsachang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building 137, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas K Le
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building 137, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - George Q Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building 137, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Taibo Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building 137, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jason T C Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building 137, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shari M Lawson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Miller Research Building 137, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Le
- Thomas K. Le is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Leah Cha is with the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison. Hae-Ra Han is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Winston Tseng is with the University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health
| | - Leah Cha
- Thomas K. Le is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Leah Cha is with the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison. Hae-Ra Han is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Winston Tseng is with the University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health
| | - Hae-Ra Han
- Thomas K. Le is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Leah Cha is with the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison. Hae-Ra Han is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Winston Tseng is with the University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health
| | - Winston Tseng
- Thomas K. Le is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Leah Cha is with the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison. Hae-Ra Han is with the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing and the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Winston Tseng is with the University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost effectiveness of duloxetine when considered as an alternative treatment for patients in the United States (US) being treated for fibromyalgia pain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A Markov model was used to evaluate the economic and clinical advantages of duloxetine in controlling fibromyalgia pain symptoms over a 2-year time horizon. A base-case treatment sequence was adopted from clinical guidelines, based on tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, anticonvulsants, and opioids. Treatment response was modeled using changes from baseline in pain severity, and response thresholds: full response (at least a 50% change), response (30-49% change), and no response (less than a 30% change). Clinical efficacy and discontinuation data were taken from placebo- and active-controlled trials identified in a systematic literature review and mixed-treatment comparison. Utility data were based on EQ-5D data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Additional symptom-control months (SCMs), defined as the amount of time at a response level of 30% or less, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) over a 2-year time horizon. RESULTS For every 1000 patients, first-line duloxetine resulted in an additional 665 SCMs and 12.3 QALYs, at a cost of $582,911 (equivalent to incremental cost-effectiveness ratios [ICERs] of $877 per SCM and $47,560 per QALY). Second-line duloxetine resulted in an additional 460 SCMs and 8.7 QALYs, at a cost of $143,752 (equivalent to ICERs of $312 per SMC and $16,565 per QALY). LIMITATIONS Response data for TCAs are limited to 30% improvement levels, reported trials are small, and have low placebo response rates. The model necessarily assumes that response rates are independent of placement in the treatment sequence. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the introduction of duloxetine into the standard treatment sequence for fibromyalgia not only provides additional patient benefits, reflected by time spent in pain control, but also is cost effective when compared with commonly adopted thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Beard
- RTI Health Solutions, Manchester, UK.
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18
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Beard SM, McCrink L, Le TK, Garcia-Cebrian A, Monz B, Malik RA. Cost effectiveness of duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in the UK. Curr Med Res Opin 2008; 24:385-99. [PMID: 18157921 DOI: 10.1185/030079908x253852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of duloxetine when considered as an additional treatment option for UK-based patients suffering from diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A decision-analytic model was used to represent the sequential management of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. The standard UK treatment strategy was defined as first-line tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline), second-line anticonvulsants (gabapentin) and lastly an opioid-related treatment. The cost-effectiveness of duloxetine was evaluated as an additional first, second, third or fourth-line therapy over a 6-month treatment period for a cohort of 1000 patients. Treatment response was modelled based on changes from baseline pain severity using a standard 11-point pain scale (0-10); full response (>or= 50% change), partial response (30-49%) and no response (< 30%). The model was populated with efficacy and discontinuation data using indirect comparisons of treatment efficacy based on relative effects to a common placebo comparator. RESULTS The second-line use of duloxetine resulted in cost savings of pound 77,071 for every 1000 treated patients, with an additional 29 patients achieving a full pain response when compared to standard UK treatment. Additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were achieved at 1.88 QALYs per 1000 patients. CONCLUSIONS This UK-based economic model suggests that second-line use of duloxetine is a beneficial and cost-effective treatment strategy for diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Beard
- RTI Health Solutions, Manchester, UK.
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Wu EQ, Borton J, Said G, Le TK, Monz B, Rosilio M, Avoinet S. Estimated prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and associated pain in adults with diabetes in France. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23:2035-42. [PMID: 17637204 DOI: 10.1185/030079907x210516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the point prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and pain associated with DPN (pDPN) in French adults with diabetes and compare severity of symptoms across demographic subpopulations. DESIGN The participant-administered portion of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) and selected items of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) formed part of a computer-aided telephone survey posed to a representative, random sample of French households from March 1, 2005 to April 30, 2005. Questions from the MNSI and the BPI were used to assess the point prevalence of DPN and pDPN in French adults with self-reported diabetes. RESULTS The mean age of the study sample was 68 years (SD = 15), the mean duration of diabetes was 15 years (SD = 12) and 56% of participants were female. The prevalence rates of DPN and pDPN in French adults with diabetes were 11 and 8%, respectively. The average age and diabetes duration of participants with DPN and pDPN were not different from participants in the total sample. Among those participants with pDPN, 35% classified their pain as severe, 49% as moderate, and 17% as mild. The prevalence of DPN was higher in participants with type 1 diabetes (14%) than those with type 2 (9%). Among participants with DPN, 88% with severe pain received pain treatment compared to 71% with moderate pain and 58% with mild pain. The most significant limitation of this study is the lack of validation for administering only a portion of the MNSI, but other limitations include the imprecision associated with self-reported questionnaires, a survey sample that does not include participants with undiagnosed diabetes, and a bias toward elderly participants. CONCLUSION This study concluded that 8% of participants with diabetes in France had pDPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Q Wu
- Analysis Group, Inc., Boston, MA 02199, USA.
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Le TK, Bach KH, Ho ML, Le NV, Nguyen TN, Chevrier D, Guesdon JL. Molecular fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Vietnam using IS6110 as probe. Tuber Lung Dis 2000; 80:75-83. [PMID: 10912282 DOI: 10.1054/tuld.2000.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
SETTING Northern and Southern areas of Vietnam. OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between DNA fingerprinting of 168 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from patients with a particular historical past (political separation of Vietnam for 20 years) and data about geographical origin, drug susceptibility, HIV infection and BCG vaccination status. METHODS Comparison of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns produced by Southern hybridization of Pvull-digested chromosomal DNA. RESULTS The number of IS6110 copies for the 168 strains ranges from 0 to 23. Strains originating from the North or the South differ strongly with respect to the number of copies of IS6110. Indeed, the strains originating from the north have predominantly from 3 to 14 IS6110 copies while the southern strains have predominantly from 15 to 23 IS6110 copies. Furthermore, strains isolated in the North are dispersed into 6 groups whereas 80% of the strains isolated in the South form a single group. Moreover, the prevalence of drug resistance is higher in strains isolated in the South than in the North. No noticeable correlation is observed between RFLP patterns, drug susceptibility, or HIV infection. CONCLUSION The IS6110 fingerprints of 168 M. tuberculosis strains isolated in Vietnam showed a high range of polymorphism. Only a few strains have been found with no IS6110 (1.8%). The differences between the strains from the North and South, having more than six IS6110, suggests that they derived from ancestral strains that would be distinguishable by the number of IS6110 and their transposition sites throughout the genome. The genomic structure of the population of strains from South Vietnam resembles that of the Beijing strain population. This could account for a similar evolution of M. tuberculosis due to a selection by BCG-induced immunity in the two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi
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Abstract
This study was performed to determine the degree of shrinkage over time in nipple projection after reconstruction. Nipple-areolar reconstruction was performed using the modified Anton-Hartrampf technique, and pigmentation was achieved with tattooing. This study looked at 28 consecutive patients with nipple reconstruction performed at The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center of the Penn State Geisinger Health Systems between September 1989 and November 1993. Two patients were lost to follow-up and 3 patients died of breast cancer. Thus, 23 patients and a total of 32 nipples were investigated. Initial measurements of nipple projection were taken 2 weeks postoperatively. Patients were followed an average of 38.7 months (range, 11-66 months). Ten patients (18 nipples) had tissue expansion and implantation for breast mound reconstruction. Thirteen patients (14 nipples) had autologous breast mound reconstruction. The mean decrease in projection of the tissue expansion and implantation group was 76.7+/-9.7%. The mean decrease in projection of the autologous reconstruction group was 64.3+/-12.1%. The mean decrease in projection for the entire group was 71.3+/-21.9%. Comparison between the two groups using a two-sample t-test showed p = 0.0047. The authors concluded that there is a significant reduction in nipple projection over time using the modified Anton-Hartrampf technique regardless of the type of breast mound reconstruction. In addition, their results also indicated that nipple projection on the breast mound reconstructed with an autologous musculocutaneous flap technique achieved a better long-term outcome. This study is potentially helpful in planning the initial size of the reconstructed nipple papule to match the opposite normal nipple. Additional studies need to be performed on other types of nipple-areolar reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Banducci
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Geisinger Health System, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
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Sleijfer S, Le TK, de Jong S, Timmer-Bosscha H, Withoff S, Mulder NH. Combined cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha with various cytotoxic agents in tumor cell lines that are drug resistant due to mutated p53. J Immunother 1999; 22:48-53. [PMID: 9924699 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199901000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is able to overcome drug resistance in tumors. Whether TNF is able to do so in tumor cell lines that are drug resistant due to a mutation in the tumor suppressor gene p53 is unclear. Therefore, we studied the in vitro cytotoxic effects of TNF combined with various cytotoxic agents in a model consisting of a human ovarian cancer cell line containing endogenous wild-type p53 (wtp53) and sublines that were made drug resistant against various cytotoxic agents by transfection of several forms of mutated p53 (mtp53). Using the microculture tetrazolium assay, the cytotoxic effects of TNF alone, the cytotoxic agents VM-26, melphalan, cisplatin, vinblastine, paclitaxel, and mitoxantrone, plus the combined effects of 10 ng/ml TNF added 30 min before various concentrations of the cytotoxic agents were established. Compared with the control cell line (A2780/cmv), two cell lines transfected with mtp53 (A2780/m248 and A2780/m273) showed increased resistance against several cytotoxic agents but also an enhanced sensitivity to TNF. Interaction of TNF with the cytotoxic drugs was additive in the drug-sensitive control cell line as well as in the drug-resistant sublines. However, because of the increased sensitivity of A2780/m248 to TNF at the dose used for the combinations, the combination of TNF with several cytotoxic drugs reduced the level of resistance in A2780/m248 compared with the control cell line A2780/cmv. In conclusion, this study shows that addition of TNF can ameliorate resistance to cytotoxic agents in a subline that is drug-resistant because of mutated p53. This reduction in resistance by TNF is not due to synergistic interaction, but to collateral sensitivity to TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Le TK, Schalkwijk J, van de Kerkhof PC, van Haelst U, van der Valk PG. A histological and immunohistochemical study on chronic irritant contact dermatitis. Am J Contact Dermat 1998; 9:23-8. [PMID: 9471983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic irritant contact dermatitis (CICD) is characterized by erythema, scaling, hyperkeratosis, chapping and fissures. It may be the result of skin damage evoked by the cumulative effect of a variety of irritant stimuli. The diagnosis of CICD is made on basis of the patient's history and clinical features. No specific diagnostic tests are available. OBJECTIVE The histopathologic and cell biological features of CICD have not been extensively studied. Here, we describe the histological and immunohistological changes in CICD. METHODS Punch biopsies were taken from 11 patients with CICD for hematoxylin eosin and immunohistochemical stainings. Four skin biopsies of the palms of the hands of healthy volunteers served as controls. RESULTS The histopathologic pattern was characterized by different grades of hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, spongiosis, exocytosis, acanthosis, and mononuclear perivascular infiltrates. Mitotic activity, as measured by Ki-67-staining in the epidermis, was increased fourfold in involved skin as compared with normal skin. Involucrin, a structural protein of the cornified envelope, was expressed from the stratum granulosum throughout the stratum spinosum in all patients with CICD and was upregulated in comparison with normal skin. Epidermal fatty-acid binding protein (E-FABP), a terminal differentiation marker, was proportionally unaltered in the CICD as compared with the normal skin and was localized from the stratum granulosum to the upper layers of the stratum spinosum. Cytokeratin 16, a differentiation marker expressed in hyperproliferative epidermis, was markedly increased from the stratum granulosum throughout the stratum spinosum in 5 out of 11 patients with CICD. Skin-derived antiproteinase (SKALP)/elafin, a proteinase inhibitor expressed in inflamed epidermis, was only detected within the stratum granulosum in 3 out of 11 patients. CONCLUSION We conclude that CICD is clinically characterized by features of a chronic dermatitis and, at the histological level, by inflammatory changes, epidermal hyperproliferation and altered differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Le
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Le TK, De Mon P, Schalkwijk J, van der Valk PG. Effect of a topical corticosteroid, a retinoid and a vitamin D3 derivative on sodium dodecyl sulphate induced skin irritation. Contact Dermatitis 1997; 37:19-26. [PMID: 9255481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the skin to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) leads to disruption of barrier and skin irritation. We used repetitive short exposure to a low molarity SDS solution as an in vivo model to mimic the development of irritant contact dermatitis. In this model, we studied clinical (erythema), functional (transepidermal water loss(TEWL)) and cell biological changes. 24 healthy volunteers were patch tested with SDS (0.2%) for 4 h a day for 5 consecutive days. After removal of the patches, the exposed sites were treated 1 X daily either with a topical corticosteroid (triamcinolon acetonide cream 0.05%), a retinoid (tretinoin cream 0.025%), or a vitamin D3 derivative (calcipotriol ointment 50 micrograms/g). Irritant reactions were assessed by erythema scoring and measurement of barrier function with TEWL up to 14 days after the first challenge. Skin biopsies were taken for cell biological changes at day 4. Vehicle-treated sites served as controls. Repetitive exposure of human skin to SDS resulted in a gradual increase in erythema scoring and TEWL associated with the upregulation of proliferative cells as measured by the expression of Ki-67-antigen and of differentiation markers, visualized by increased expression of involucrin and epidermal-fatty-acid binding protein (E-FABP). Skin irritation as assessed by erythema scoring and TEWL was not significantly suppressed by triamcinolone cream. However, a significant reduction of the number of cycling keratinocytes and a decrease in involucrin positive cell layers was observed in this group. Neither treatment with calcipotriol ointment nor with tretinoin cream induced improvement of skin irritation as judged by visual scoring and TEWL. In contrast to steroid treatment, no significant effect of calcipotriol ointment or tretinoin cream treatment was observed with regard to the number of cycling cells and differentiation markers. Further studies are needed to assess whether treatment with topical corticosteroids is an effective modality in skin irritation and irritant contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Le
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bui XV, Phan TS, Tran TV, Le TK, Nguyen TP, Pham CK. [Efficacy of pyrantel pamoate in ascaridiasis in Vietmanese children]. Med Trop (Mars) 1997; 57:99-100. [PMID: 9289624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Le TK, van der Valk PG, Schalkwijk J, van de Kerkhof PC. Changes in epidermal proliferation and differentiation in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis reactions. Br J Dermatol 1995; 133:236-40. [PMID: 7547390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis are similar clinically, histologically and on immunohistochemistry. In the present investigation, we assessed whether study of the recruitment of cycling epidermal cells, and the expression of keratin 16 and involucrin, are of use in differentiating between the response to contact allergens and the response to the irritant detergent sodium lauryl sulphate. Both allergic and irritant challenges induced epidermal proliferation, and the expression of keratin 16 and involucrin, but the dynamics were different. Two and 3 days after challenge, a highly significant difference between the allergic and irritant reactions was observed with respect to involucrin expression assessed by MON-150 staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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