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Zatorski N, Sun Y, Elmas A, Dallago C, Karl T, Stein D, Rost B, Huang KL, Walsh M, Schlessinger A. Structural Analysis of Genomic and Proteomic Signatures Reveal Dynamic Expression of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Breast Cancer and Tissue. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.23.529755. [PMID: 36865220 PMCID: PMC9980136 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Structural features of proteins capture underlying information about protein evolution and function, which enhances the analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic data. Here we develop Structural Analysis of Gene and protein Expression Signatures (SAGES), a method that describes expression data using features calculated from sequence-based prediction methods and 3D structural models. We used SAGES, along with machine learning, to characterize tissues from healthy individuals and those with breast cancer. We analyzed gene expression data from 23 breast cancer patients and genetic mutation data from the COSMIC database as well as 17 breast tumor protein expression profiles. We identified prominent expression of intrinsically disordered regions in breast cancer proteins as well as relationships between drug perturbation signatures and breast cancer disease signatures. Our results suggest that SAGES is generally applicable to describe diverse biological phenomena including disease states and drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zatorski
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levey Pl NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levey Pl NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Abdulkadir Elmas
- Department of Genetic and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levey Pl NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christian Dallago
- NVIDIA DE GmbH, Einsteinstraße 172, 81677 München, Germany
- Faculty of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Technical University Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Timothy Karl
- Faculty of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Technical University Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David Stein
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levey Pl NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Burkhard Rost
- Faculty of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Technical University Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kuan-Lin Huang
- Department of Genetic and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levey Pl NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Martin Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levey Pl NY, NY 10029, USA
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levey Pl NY, NY 10029, USA
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2
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Spielmann FM, Wohlfahrt G, Hammerle A, Kitz F, Migliavacca M, Alberti G, Ibrom A, El‐Madany TS, Gerdel K, Moreno G, Kolle O, Karl T, Peressotti A, Delle Vedove G. Gross Primary Productivity of Four European Ecosystems Constrained by Joint CO 2 and COS Flux Measurements. Geophys Res Lett 2019; 46:5284-5293. [PMID: 31423034 PMCID: PMC6686783 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary productivity (GPP), the gross uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) by plant photosynthesis, is the primary driver of the land carbon sink, which presently removes around one quarter of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions each year. GPP, however, cannot be measured directly and the resulting uncertainty undermines our ability to project the magnitude of the future land carbon sink. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been proposed as an independent proxy for GPP as it diffuses into leaves in a fashion very similar to CO2, but in contrast to the latter is generally not emitted. Here we use concurrent ecosystem-scale flux measurements of CO2 and COS at four European biomes for a joint constraint on CO2 flux partitioning. The resulting GPP estimates generally agree with classical approaches relying exclusively on CO2 fluxes but indicate a systematic underestimation under low light conditions, demonstrating the importance of using multiple approaches for constraining present-day GPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Spielmann
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - G. Wohlfahrt
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Hammerle
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - F. Kitz
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - M. Migliavacca
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - G. Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
- CNR‐IBIMETFirenzeItaly
| | - A. Ibrom
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - T. S. El‐Madany
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - K. Gerdel
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - G. Moreno
- INDEHESA‐Forest Research GroupUniversidad de ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain
| | - O. Kolle
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
| | - T. Karl
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric SciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Peressotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
| | - G. Delle Vedove
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUdineItaly
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3
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Gampenrieder SP, Angela R, Rinnerthaler G, Hackl H, Steiner M, Pulverer W, Weinhaeusel A, Klinglmayr E, Karl T, Ilic S, Hufnagl C, Hauser-Kronberger C, Egle A, Greil R. Abstract P3-10-07: A 3-gene DNA methylation signature fails to predict response to bevacizumab in metastatic breast cancer patients treated within the TANIA phase III trial. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-10-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Biomarkers predicting response to bevacizumab containing therapy in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are of urgent need. In a retrospective single-institution analysis we have previously shown that a 3-gene methylation signature (MLH1,POLKand TMBIM6) could discriminate between responders and non-responders to a bevacizumab-based therapy in two independent cohorts of patients with MBC with an AUC of 0.94 and 0.86, respectively (Gampenrieder SP et al. Theranostics. 2018. 8(8):2278-2288). Here, we present the validation of these findings within the prospective phase III trial TANIA (Vrdoljak E et al. Ann Oncol. 2016. 27(11):2046-52) randomizing 494 patients with HER2-negative MBC to chemotherapy plus bevacizumab or chemotherapy alone for two consecutive treatment lines (second- and third-line). All patients had already received bevacizumab-containing therapy in the first-line setting.
Patients and methods: DNA isolated from archival FFPE tumor samples was available from 200 patients consenting to optional translational research within the TANIA trial. Out of these, 176 samples were collected prior to first-line bevacizumab therapy and were analyzed retrospectively. Sufficient DNA for methylation analysis was available from 124 patients: 64 treated with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab and 60 treated with chemotherapy alone. All samples were isolated from the primary tumor. Quantitative methylation analysis was performed by pyrosequencing on the PyroMark Q24 Advanced System (Qiagen). PFS and OS analyses were performed in both study arms comparing “predicted responders” (PRED_R) versus “predicted non-responders” (PRED_NR) based either on median dichotomization or according to the cutoffs for individual CpG and the combined 3-CpG methylation logistic regression model.
Results:Out of the 124 evaluable patients, 32 (25.8%) were classified as PRED_R and 92 as RED_NR by the 3-gene methylation signature. PRED_R did not have a significantly different second-line PFS (HR 0.95, 95%CI 0.57-1.57; P = 0.84) or OS (HR 0.91, 95%CI 0.51-1.60; P = 0.73) when treated in the bevacizumab-containing study arm compared to PRED_NR. In addition, PRED_R did not show a longer PFS when treated with bevacizumab compared to PRED_R treated with chemotherapy alone (HR 0.95, 95%CI 0.59-1.54; P = 0.83). Furthermore, there was no difference in third-line PFS and the combination of second- and third-line PFS between PRED_R and PRED-NR in the bevacizumab arm. In the control arm, PRED_NR showed a statistically significant shorter PFS compared to PRED_R (HR 0.50, 95%CI 0.22-0.77; P = 0.006), but not OS (HR 0.95, 95%CI 0.51-1.77; P = 0.86).
Conclusion: Our 3-gene methylation signature was not confirmed as predictive biomarker for bevacizumab efficacy in metastatic breast cancer.
(This research project was partially supported by ROCHE Austria GmbH)
Citation Format: Gampenrieder SP, Angela R, Rinnerthaler G, Hackl H, Steiner M, Pulverer W, Weinhaeusel A, Klinglmayr E, Karl T, Ilic S, Hufnagl C, Hauser-Kronberger C, Egle A, Greil R. A 3-gene DNA methylation signature fails to predict response to bevacizumab in metastatic breast cancer patients treated within the TANIA phase III trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- SP Gampenrieder
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - R Angela
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Rinnerthaler
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Hackl
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Steiner
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - W Pulverer
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Weinhaeusel
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Klinglmayr
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - T Karl
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - S Ilic
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Hufnagl
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Hauser-Kronberger
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Egle
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - R Greil
- Hemostseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health & Bioresources, Business Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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4
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Bell D, Betts K, Brizard C, Karl T, Venugopal P, Alphonso N. Australia-Wide Experience With Tissue-Engineered Bovine Pericardium (CardioCel) for the Repair of Congenital Heart Defects. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Rouschop S, Karl T, Maas L, Risch A, Opperhuizen A, van Schooten F, Godschalk R. Prenatal high fat diet alters DNA methylation and gene expression of metabolic genes in mouse offspring. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Diener H, Debus E, Herberger SK, Heyer K, Augustin M, Tigges W, Karl T, Storck M. Versorgungssituation gefäßmedizinischer Wunden in Deutschland. Gefässchirurgie 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00772-017-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Karl T, Graus M, Striednig M, Lamprecht C, Hammerle A, Wohlfahrt G, Held A, von der Heyden L, Deventer MJ, Krismer A, Haun C, Feichter R, Lee J. Urban eddy covariance measurements reveal significant missing NO x emissions in Central Europe. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2536. [PMID: 28559587 PMCID: PMC5449400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution is emerging as a primary environmental concern across Europe. While some large European metropolitan areas are already in breach of EU safety limits for NO2, this phenomenon does not seem to be only restricted to large industrialized areas anymore. Many smaller scale populated agglomerations including their surrounding rural areas are seeing frequent NO2 concentration violations. The question of a quantitative understanding of different NOx emission sources is therefore of immanent relevance for climate and air chemistry models as well as air pollution management and health. Here we report simultaneous eddy covariance flux measurements of NOx, CO2, CO and non methane volatile organic compound tracers in a city that might be considered representative for Central Europe and the greater Alpine region. Our data show that NOx fluxes are largely at variance with modelled emission projections, suggesting an appreciable underestimation of the traffic related atmospheric NOx input in Europe, comparable to the weekend-weekday effect, which locally changes ozone production rates by 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - M Graus
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Striednig
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Lamprecht
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Hammerle
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Held
- Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Innsbruck, Germany
| | - L von der Heyden
- Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Innsbruck, Germany
| | - M J Deventer
- Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - A Krismer
- Abteilung Waldschutz, Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Haun
- Abteilung Geoinformation, Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Feichter
- Amt für Verkehrsplanung, Umwelt, Magistrat III Stadt Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Lee
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science and Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
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8
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Holm-Hansen S, Low JK, Zieba J, Gjedde A, Bergersen LH, Karl T. Behavioural effects of high fat diet in a mutant mouse model for the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin 1. Genes Brain Behav 2016; 15:295-304. [PMID: 26707035 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients are often obese or overweight and poor dietary choices appear to be a factor in this phenomenon. Poor diet has been found to have complex consequences for the mental state of patients. Thus, this study investigated whether an unhealthy diet [i.e. high fat diet (HFD)] impacts on the behaviour of a genetic mouse model for the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin 1 (i.e. transmembrane domain Nrg1 mutant mice: Nrg1 HET). Female Nrg1 HET and wild-type-like littermates (WT) were fed with either HFD or a control chow diet. The mice were tested for baseline (e.g. anxiety) and schizophrenia-relevant behaviours after 7 weeks of diet exposure. HFD increased body weight and impaired glucose tolerance in all mice. Only Nrg1 females on HFD displayed a hyper-locomotive phenotype as locomotion-suppressive effects of HFD were only evident in WT mice. HFD also induced an anxiety-like response and increased freezing in the context and the cued version of the fear conditioning task. Importantly, CHOW-fed Nrg1 females displayed impaired social recognition memory, which was absent in HFD-fed mutants. Sensorimotor gating deficits of Nrg1 females were not affected by diet. In summary, HFD had complex effects on the behavioural phenotype of test mice and attenuated particular cognitive deficits of Nrg1 mutant females. This topic requires further investigations thereby also considering other dietary factors of relevance for schizophrenia as well as interactive effects of diet with medication and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holm-Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J K Low
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, Australia
| | - J Zieba
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, Australia
| | - A Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Bergersen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Brain and Muscle Energy Group, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Karl
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Misztal PK, Hewitt CN, Wildt J, Blande JD, Eller ASD, Fares S, Gentner DR, Gilman JB, Graus M, Greenberg J, Guenther AB, Hansel A, Harley P, Huang M, Jardine K, Karl T, Kaser L, Keutsch FN, Kiendler-Scharr A, Kleist E, Lerner BM, Li T, Mak J, Nölscher AC, Schnitzhofer R, Sinha V, Thornton B, Warneke C, Wegener F, Werner C, Williams J, Worton DR, Yassaa N, Goldstein AH. Atmospheric benzenoid emissions from plants rival those from fossil fuels. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12064. [PMID: 26165168 PMCID: PMC4499884 DOI: 10.1038/srep12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the known biochemical production of a range of aromatic compounds by plants and the presence of benzenoids in floral scents, the emissions of only a few benzenoid compounds have been reported from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Here, using evidence from measurements at aircraft, ecosystem, tree, branch and leaf scales, with complementary isotopic labeling experiments, we show that vegetation (leaves, flowers, and phytoplankton) emits a wide variety of benzenoid compounds to the atmosphere at substantial rates. Controlled environment experiments show that plants are able to alter their metabolism to produce and release many benzenoids under stress conditions. The functions of these compounds remain unclear but may be related to chemical communication and protection against stress. We estimate the total global secondary organic aerosol potential from biogenic benzenoids to be similar to that from anthropogenic benzenoids (~10 Tg y−1), pointing to the importance of these natural emissions in atmospheric physics and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Misztal
- 1] University of California Berkeley, Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA [2] National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - C N Hewitt
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - J Wildt
- Institut IBG-2, Phytosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J D Blande
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - A S D Eller
- 1] CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309 USA [2] University of Colorado, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, Colorado 80309 USA
| | - S Fares
- 1] University of California Berkeley, Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA [2] Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for the Soil-Plant System, Rome, Italy
| | - D R Gentner
- 1] University of California Berkeley, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA [2] Yale University, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - J B Gilman
- 1] CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309 USA [2] ESRL-NOAA, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder CO 80305 USA
| | - M Graus
- 1] CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309 USA [2] ESRL-NOAA, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder CO 80305 USA
| | - J Greenberg
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - A B Guenther
- 1] National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO 80301, USA [2] Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA [3] Washington State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - A Hansel
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Harley
- 1] National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO 80301, USA [2] Estonian University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Huang
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - K Jardine
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Climate Sciences Department, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T Karl
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Atmospheric And Cryospheric Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Kaser
- 1] National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO 80301, USA [2] University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F N Keutsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Kiendler-Scharr
- Institut IEK-8, Troposphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - E Kleist
- Institut IBG-2, Phytosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - B M Lerner
- 1] CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309 USA [2] ESRL-NOAA, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder CO 80305 USA
| | - T Li
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Mak
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - A C Nölscher
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Schnitzhofer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India
| | - B Thornton
- University of Northern Colorado, School of Biological Sciences, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - C Warneke
- 1] CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder CO 80309 USA [2] ESRL-NOAA, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder CO 80305 USA
| | - F Wegener
- University Bayreuth, AgroEcosystem Research, BAYCEER, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C Werner
- University Bayreuth, AgroEcosystem Research, BAYCEER, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J Williams
- Max Planck Institut für Chemie, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D R Worton
- 1] University of California Berkeley, Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA [2] Aerosol Dynamics Inc., Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - N Yassaa
- 1] USTHB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Chemistry, Algiers, Algeria [2] Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelable, CDER, Algiers, Algeria
| | - A H Goldstein
- University of California Berkeley, Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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10
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Wohlfahrt G, Amelynck C, Ammann C, Arneth A, Bamberger I, Goldstein AH, Gu L, Guenther A, Hansel A, Heinesch B, Holst T, Hörtnagl L, Karl T, Laffineur Q, Neftel A, McKinney K, Munger JW, Pallardy SG, Schade GW, Seco R, Schoon N. An ecosystem-scale perspective of the net land methanol flux: synthesis of micrometeorological flux measurements. Atmos Chem Phys 2015; 15:2577-2613. [PMID: 25983744 PMCID: PMC4430827 DOI: 10.5194/acpd-15-2577-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methanol is the second most abundant volatile organic compound in the troposphere and plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. While there is consensus about the dominant role of living plants as the major source and the reaction with OH as the major sink of methanol, global methanol budgets diverge considerably in terms of source/sink estimates reflecting uncertainties in the approaches used to model, and the empirical data used to separately constrain these terms. Here we compiled micrometeorological methanol flux data from eight different study sites and reviewed the corresponding literature in order to provide a first cross-site synthesis of the terrestrial ecosystem-scale methanol exchange and present an independent data-driven view of the land-atmosphere methanol exchange. Our study shows that the controls of plant growth on the production, and thus the methanol emission magnitude, and stomatal conductance on the hourly methanol emission variability, established at the leaf level, hold across sites at the ecosystem-level. Unequivocal evidence for bi-directional methanol exchange at the ecosystem scale is presented. Deposition, which at some sites even exceeds methanol emissions, represents an emerging feature of ecosystem-scale measurements and is likely related to environmental factors favouring the formation of surface wetness. Methanol may adsorb to or dissolve in this surface water and eventually be chemically or biologically removed from it. Management activities in agriculture and forestry are shown to increase local methanol emission by orders of magnitude; they are however neglected at present in global budgets. While contemporary net land methanol budgets are overall consistent with the grand mean of the micrometeorological methanol flux measurements, we caution that the present approach of simulating methanol emission and deposition separately is prone to opposing systematic errors and does not allow taking full advantage of the rich information content of micrometeorological flux measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- European Academy of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - C. Amelynck
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Ammann
- Research Station Agroscope, Climate and Air Pollution Group, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - I. Bamberger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L. Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - A. Guenther
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A. Hansel
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B. Heinesch
- Exchanges Ecosystems-Atmosphere, Department Biosystem Engineering (BIOSE), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - T. Holst
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Hörtnagl
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T. Karl
- Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Q. Laffineur
- Royal Meteorological Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Neftel
- Research Station Agroscope, Climate and Air Pollution Group, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K. McKinney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. W. Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S. G. Pallardy
- Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - G. W. Schade
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R. Seco
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - N. Schoon
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Wohlfahrt G, Amelynck C, Ammann C, Arneth A, Bamberger I, Goldstein AH, Gu L, Guenther A, Hansel A, Heinesch B, Holst T, Hörtnagl L, Karl T, Laffineur Q, Neftel A, McKinney K, Munger JW, Pallardy SG, Schade GW, Seco R, Schoon N. An ecosystem-scale perspective of the net land methanol flux: synthesis of micrometeorological flux measurements. Atmos Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 25983744 PMCID: PMC4430827 DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-7413-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Methanol is the second most abundant volatile organic compound in the troposphere and plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. While there is consensus about the dominant role of living plants as the major source and the reaction with OH as the major sink of methanol, global methanol budgets diverge considerably in terms of source/sink estimates reflecting uncertainties in the approaches used to model, and the empirical data used to separately constrain these terms. Here we compiled micrometeorological methanol flux data from eight different study sites and reviewed the corresponding literature in order to provide a first cross-site synthesis of the terrestrial ecosystem-scale methanol exchange and present an independent data-driven view of the land-atmosphere methanol exchange. Our study shows that the controls of plant growth on the production, and thus the methanol emission magnitude, and stomatal conductance on the hourly methanol emission variability, established at the leaf level, hold across sites at the ecosystem-level. Unequivocal evidence for bi-directional methanol exchange at the ecosystem scale is presented. Deposition, which at some sites even exceeds methanol emissions, represents an emerging feature of ecosystem-scale measurements and is likely related to environmental factors favouring the formation of surface wetness. Methanol may adsorb to or dissolve in this surface water and eventually be chemically or biologically removed from it. Management activities in agriculture and forestry are shown to increase local methanol emission by orders of magnitude; they are however neglected at present in global budgets. While contemporary net land methanol budgets are overall consistent with the grand mean of the micrometeorological methanol flux measurements, we caution that the present approach of simulating methanol emission and deposition separately is prone to opposing systematic errors and does not allow taking full advantage of the rich information content of micrometeorological flux measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- European Academy of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - C. Amelynck
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Ammann
- Research Station Agroscope, Climate and Air Pollution Group, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - I. Bamberger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L. Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - A. Guenther
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A. Hansel
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B. Heinesch
- Exchanges Ecosystems-Atmosphere, Department Biosystem Engineering (BIOSE), University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - T. Holst
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Hörtnagl
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T. Karl
- Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Q. Laffineur
- Royal Meteorological Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Neftel
- Research Station Agroscope, Climate and Air Pollution Group, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K. McKinney
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. W. Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S. G. Pallardy
- Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - G. W. Schade
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R. Seco
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - N. Schoon
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Baldock PA, Lin S, Zhang L, Karl T, Shi Y, Driessler F, Zengin A, Hörmer B, Lee NJ, Wong IPL, Lin EJD, Enriquez RF, Stehrer B, During MJ, Yulyaningsih E, Zolotukhin S, Ruohonen ST, Savontaus E, Sainsbury A, Herzog H. Neuropeptide y attenuates stress-induced bone loss through suppression of noradrenaline circuits. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2238-49. [PMID: 24535841 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress and depression have adverse consequences on many organ systems, including the skeleton, but the mechanisms underlying stress-induced bone loss remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that neuropeptide Y (NPY), centrally and peripherally, plays a critical role in protecting against stress-induced bone loss. Mice lacking the anxiolytic factor NPY exhibit more anxious behavior and elevated corticosterone levels. Additionally, following a 6-week restraint, or cold-stress protocol, Npy-null mice exhibit three-fold greater bone loss compared to wild-type mice, owing to suppression of osteoblast activity. This stress-protective NPY pathway acts specifically through Y2 receptors. Centrally, Y2 receptors suppress corticotropin-releasing factor expression and inhibit activation of noradrenergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. In the periphery, they act to control noradrenaline release from sympathetic neurons. Specific deletion of arcuate Y2 receptors recapitulates the Npy-null stress response, coincident with elevated serum noradrenaline. Importantly, specific reintroduction of NPY solely in noradrenergic neurons of otherwise Npy-null mice blocks the increase in circulating noradrenaline and the stress-induced bone loss. Thus, NPY protects against excessive stress-induced bone loss, through Y2 receptor-mediated modulation of central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Baldock
- Neurological Disease Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Logge W, Kingham J, Karl T. Do individually ventilated cage systems generate a problem for genetic mouse model research? Genes, Brain and Behavior 2014; 13:713-20. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Logge
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA); Randwick
- Schizophrenia Research Institute; Darlinghurst
| | - J. Kingham
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Darlinghurst
| | - T. Karl
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA); Randwick
- Schizophrenia Research Institute; Darlinghurst
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
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14
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Goldberg T, Hecht M, Hamp T, Karl T, Yachdav G, Ahmed N, Altermann U, Angerer P, Ansorge S, Balasz K, Bernhofer M, Betz A, Cizmadija L, Do KT, Gerke J, Greil R, Joerdens V, Hastreiter M, Hembach K, Herzog M, Kalemanov M, Kluge M, Meier A, Nasir H, Neumaier U, Prade V, Reeb J, Sorokoumov A, Troshani I, Vorberg S, Waldraff S, Zierer J, Nielsen H, Rost B. LocTree3 prediction of localization. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:W350-5. [PMID: 24848019 PMCID: PMC4086075 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prediction of protein sub-cellular localization is an important step toward elucidating protein function. For each query protein sequence, LocTree2 applies machine learning (profile kernel SVM) to predict the native sub-cellular localization in 18 classes for eukaryotes, in six for bacteria and in three for archaea. The method outputs a score that reflects the reliability of each prediction. LocTree2 has performed on par with or better than any other state-of-the-art method. Here, we report the availability of LocTree3 as a public web server. The server includes the machine learning-based LocTree2 and improves over it through the addition of homology-based inference. Assessed on sequence-unique data, LocTree3 reached an 18-state accuracy Q18 = 80 ± 3% for eukaryotes and a six-state accuracy Q6 = 89 ± 4% for bacteria. The server accepts submissions ranging from single protein sequences to entire proteomes. Response time of the unloaded server is about 90 s for a 300-residue eukaryotic protein and a few hours for an entire eukaryotic proteome not considering the generation of the alignments. For over 1000 entirely sequenced organisms, the predictions are directly available as downloads. The web server is available at http://www.rostlab.org/services/loctree3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Goldberg
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany TUM Graduate School, Center of Doctoral Studies in Informatics and its Applications (CeDoSIA), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hecht
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Hamp
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Timothy Karl
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Guy Yachdav
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany Biosof LLC, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Uwe Altermann
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Angerer
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sonja Ansorge
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kinga Balasz
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Bernhofer
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Betz
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Laura Cizmadija
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kieu Trinh Do
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julia Gerke
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robert Greil
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Vadim Joerdens
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Hembach
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Max Herzog
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Maria Kalemanov
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Kluge
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alice Meier
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hassan Nasir
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Neumaier
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Verena Prade
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Reeb
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Ilira Troshani
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Susann Vorberg
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sonja Waldraff
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Zierer
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, DTU, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Burkhard Rost
- Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics-I12, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany Biosof LLC, New York, NY 10001, USA Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), 85748 Garching, Germany New York Consortium on Membrane Protein Structure (NYCOMPS) & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA Institute for Food and Plant Sciences WZW - Weihenstephan, 85350 Freising, Germany
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Spencer JR, Chohan TW, Karl T, Arnold JC. Female neuregulin 1 heterozygous mice require repeated exposure to Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol to alter sensorimotor gating function. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013; 46:286-91. [PMID: 24105081 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The schizophrenia susceptibility gene neuregulin 1 (NRG1) confers vulnerability to the neurobehavioural eff ects of cannabinoids differently across sexes. Male but not female Nrg1 heterozygous (HET) mice display facilitation of prepulse inhibition (PPI) to acute Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure compared to WT controls. We aim to observe whether repeated administration of THC may overcome the acute insensitivity of female Nrg1 HET mice to THC exposure. METHODS Female Nrg1 HET mice and WT controls were administered THC daily for 21 days, with PPI and anxiety-related behaviour in the light-dark test (LD) examined on the fi rst and last day of treatment and 21 days after cessation of dosing. RESULTS Following repeated, but not acute THC exposure, female Nrg1 HET mice displayed THC-induced facilitation of PPI which was not observed in WT mice treated with THC. There were no residual eff ects of THC on PPI in either genotype when assessed 21 days following the final THC dose. An anxiogenic response to THC was evident following repeated, but not acute, administration in the LD test in both genotypes. DISCUSSION These findings show that the acute insensitivity of female Nrg1 HET mice to THC-induced PPI facilitation may be overcome following repeated THC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Spencer
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Newell KA, Karl T, Huang XF. A neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain mutation causes imbalanced glutamatergic and dopaminergic receptor expression in mice. Neuroscience 2013; 248:670-80. [PMID: 23811072 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The neuregulin 1 gene has repeatedly been identified as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, thus mice with genetic mutations in this gene offer a valuable tool for studying the role of neuregulin 1 in schizophrenia-related neurotransmission. In this study, slide-based receptor autoradiography was used to quantify glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), dopaminergic D2, cannabinoid CB1 and acetylcholine M1/4 receptor levels in the brains of male heterozygous transmembrane domain neuregulin 1 mutant (Nrg1(+/-)) mice at two ages. Mutant mice expressed small but significant increases in NMDA receptor levels in the cingulate cortex (7%, p=0.044), sensory cortex (8%, p=0.024), and motor cortex (8%, p=0.047), effects that were independent of age. In the nucleus accumbens and thalamus Nrg1(+/-) mice exhibited age-dependent alterations in NMDA receptors. Nrg1(+/-) mice showed a statistically significant increase in NMDA receptor levels in the nucleus accumbens of 14-week-old Nrg1(+/-) mice compared to control littermates of the same age (12%, p=0.026), an effect that was not seen in 20-week-old mice. In contrast, NMDA receptor levels in the thalamus, while initially unchanged in 14-week-old mice, were then decreased in the 20-week-old Nrg1(+/-) mice compared to control littermates of the same age (14%, p=0.011). Nrg1(+/-) mutant mice expressed a significant reduction in D2 receptor levels (13-16%) in the striatum compared to controls, independent of age. While there was a borderline significant increase (6%, p=0.058) in cannabinoid CB1 receptor levels in the substantia nigra of Nrg1(+/-) mice compared to controls, CB1 as well as acetylcholine M1/4 receptors showed no change in Nrg1(+/-) mice in any other brain region examined. These data indicate that a Nrg1 transmembrane mutation produces selective imbalances in glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, which are two key systems believed to contribute to schizophrenia pathogenesis. While the effects on these systems are subtle, they may underlie the susceptibility of these mutants to further impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Newell
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Logge W, Kingham J, Karl T. Behavioural consequences of IVC cages on male and female C57BL/6J mice. Neuroscience 2013; 237:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Zaborsky N, Brunner M, Wallner M, Himly M, Karl T, Schwarzenbacher R, Ferreira F, Achatz G. Partial retraction. Antigen aggregation decides the fate of the allergic immune response. J Immunol 2013; 190:4432. [PMID: 23682384 PMCID: PMC4527151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1390013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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19
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Yeong M, Gooi A, Ward C, Eagleson K, Karl T, Justo R. Outcomes for Antenatally Diagnosed Hypoplasia of the Left Ventricle. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Peischl J, Ryerson TB, Holloway JS, Trainer M, Andrews AE, Atlas EL, Blake DR, Daube BC, Dlugokencky EJ, Fischer ML, Goldstein AH, Guha A, Karl T, Kofler J, Kosciuch E, Misztal PK, Perring AE, Pollack IB, Santoni GW, Schwarz JP, Spackman JR, Wofsy SC, Parrish DD. Airborne observations of methane emissions from rice cultivation in the Sacramento Valley of California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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C. Arnold J, A. Boucher A, Karl T. The Yin and Yang of Cannabis-induced Psychosis: the Actions of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol in Rodent Models of Schizophrenia. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:5113-30. [DOI: 10.2174/138161212802884726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Karl T. [Hydroactive stage-adapted wound management]. Unfallchirurg 2012; 115:783-91. [PMID: 22935896 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-012-2211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of subacute and chronic wounds is not only a major medical challenge but because of demographic developments and the concurrent increase in predisposing diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and arterial occlusive disease is also a relevant socioeconomic challenge. The principle of modern, moist wound care can now be regarded as established. In daily practice there are nevertheless significant treatment problems which are, among other things due to the vast variety of products available. As evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of chronic wounds were until recently lacking and many question were left unanswered, standards of care represent an appropriate means of orientation. In addition to improved quality of care in this way costs can also be reduced. Furthermore, criteria can be illustrated by which the selection of appropriate wound dressings can be facilitated and established.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Abteilung für Gefäß-und Endovascularchirurgie, Klinik Rotes Kreuz, Königswarterstraße 16, 60316, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
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Grips M, Stanley F, Moray A, Gooi A, Karl T, Provenzano S, Justo R. Routine Peri-Operative Transoesophageal Echocardiography in Paediatric Cardiac Surgical Procedures. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Anderson B, Moray A, Karl T, Provenzano S, Justo R, Ward C. Small Pulmonary Artery Stents: Single Centre Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jardine K, Yañez Serrano A, Arneth A, Abrell L, Jardine A, van Haren J, Artaxo P, Rizzo LV, Ishida FY, Karl T, Kesselmeier J, Saleska S, Huxman T. Within-canopy sesquiterpene ozonolysis in Amazonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bamberger I, Hörtnagl L, Ruuskanen TM, Schnitzhofer R, Müller M, Graus M, Karl T, Wohlfahrt G, Hansel A. Deposition Fluxes of Terpenes over Grassland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 116. [PMID: 24383048 DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eddy covariance flux measurements were carried out for two subsequent vegetation periods above a temperate mountain grassland in an alpine valley using a proton-transfer-reaction - mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) and a PTR-time of flight - mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF). In 2008 and during the first half of the vegetation period 2009 the volume mixing ratios (VMRs) for the sum of monoterpenes (MTs) were typically well below 1 ppbv and neither MT emission nor deposition was observed. After a hailstorm in July 2009 an order of magnitude higher amount of terpenes was transported to the site from nearby coniferous forests causing elevated VMRs. As a consequence, deposition fluxes of terpenes to the grassland, which continued over a time period of several weeks without significant re-emission, were observed. For days without precipitation the deposition occurred at velocities close to the aerodynamic limit. In addition to monoterpene uptake, deposition fluxes of the sum of sesquiterpenes (SQTs) and the sum of oxygenated terpenes (OTs) were detected. Considering an entire growing season for the grassland (i.e., 1st of April to 1st of November), the cumulative carbon deposition of monoterpenes reached 276 mg C m-2. This is comparable to the net carbon emission of methanol (329 mg C m-2), which is the dominant non methane volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted from this site, during the same time period. It is suggested that deposition of monoterpenes to terrestrial ecosystems could play a more significant role in the reactive carbon budget than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bamberger
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Hörtnagl
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T M Ruuskanen
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Schnitzhofer
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Ionicon Analytik, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Graus
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80307, USA ; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - T Karl
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria ; NCAR Earth Systems Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - G Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Hansel
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ruuskanen TM, Müller M, Schnitzhofer R, Karl T, Graus M, Bamberger I, Hörtnagl L, Brilli F, Wohlfahrt G, Hansel A. Eddy covariance VOC emission and deposition fluxes above grassland using PTR-TOF. Atmos Chem Phys 2011; 11:10.5194/acp-11-611-2011. [PMID: 24348524 PMCID: PMC3859318 DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-611-2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Eddy covariance (EC) is the preferable technique for flux measurements since it is the only direct flux determination method. It requires a continuum of high time resolution measurements (e.g. 5-20 Hz). For volatile organic compounds (VOC) soft ionization via proton transfer reaction has proven to be a quantitative method for real time mass spectrometry; here we use a proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF) for 10 Hz EC measurements of full mass spectra up to m/z 315. The mass resolution of the PTR-TOF enabled the identification of chemical formulas and separation of oxygenated and hydrocarbon species exhibiting the same nominal mass. We determined 481 ion mass peaks from ambient air concentration above a managed, temperate mountain grassland in Neustift, Stubai Valley, Austria. During harvesting we found significant fluxes of 18 compounds distributed over 43 ions, including protonated parent compounds, as well as their isotopes and fragments and VOC-H+ - water clusters. The dominant BVOC fluxes were methanol, acetaldehyde, ethanol, hexenal and other C6 leaf wound compounds, acetone, acetic acid, monoterpenes and sequiterpenes. The smallest reliable fluxes we determined were less than 0.1 nmol m-2 s-1, as in the case of sesquiterpene emissions from freshly cut grass. Terpenoids, including mono- and sesquiterpenes, were also deposited to the grassland before and after the harvesting. During cutting, total VOC emission fluxes up to 200 nmolC m-2 s-1 were measured. Methanol emissions accounted for half of the emissions of oxygenated VOCs and a third of the carbon of all measured VOC emissions during harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Ruuskanen
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Müller
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Schnitzhofer
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Karl
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - M. Graus
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I. Bamberger
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L. Hörtnagl
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F. Brilli
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G. Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. Hansel
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Karl T, Harley P, Emmons L, Thornton B, Guenther A, Basu C, Turnipseed A, Jardine K. Efficient atmospheric cleansing of oxidized organic trace gases by vegetation. Science 2010; 330:816-9. [PMID: 20966216 DOI: 10.1126/science.1192534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The biosphere is the major source and sink of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. Gas-phase chemical reactions initiate the removal of these compounds from the atmosphere, which ultimately proceeds via deposition at the surface or direct oxidation to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. We performed ecosystem-scale flux measurements that show that the removal of oxygenated VOC via dry deposition is substantially larger than is currently assumed for deciduous ecosystems. Laboratory experiments indicate efficient enzymatic conversion and potential up-regulation of various stress-related genes, leading to enhanced uptake rates as a response to ozone and methyl vinyl ketone exposure or mechanical wounding. A revised scheme for the uptake of oxygenated VOCs, incorporated into a global chemistry-transport model, predicts appreciable regional changes in annual dry deposition fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
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Duffy L, Cappas E, Lai D, Boucher AA, Karl T. Cognition in transmembrane domain neuregulin 1 mutant mice. Neuroscience 2010; 170:800-7. [PMID: 20678553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), which has been implicated in the development of schizophrenia, is expressed widely throughout the brain and influences key neurodevelopmental processes such as myelination and neuronal migration. The heterozygous transmembrane domain Nrg1 mutant mouse (Nrg1 TM HET) exhibits a neurobehavioural phenotype relevant for schizophrenia research, characterized by the development of locomotor hyperactivity, social withdrawal, increased sensitivity to environmental manipulation, and changes to the serotonergic system. As only limited data are available on the learning and memory performance of Nrg1 TM HET mice, we conducted a comprehensive examination of these mice and their wild type-like littermates in a variety of paradigms, including fear conditioning (FC), radial arm maze (RAM), Y maze, object exploration and passive avoidance (PA). Male neuregulin 1 hypomorphic mice displayed impairments in the novel object recognition and FC tasks, including reduced interest in the novel object and reduced FC to a context, but not a discrete cue. These cognitive deficits were task-specific, as no differences were seen between mutant and control mice in spatial learning (i.e. RAM and Y maze) for both working and reference memory measures, or in the PA paradigm. These findings indicate that neuregulin 1 plays a moderate role in cognition and present further behavioural validation of this genetic mouse model for the schizophrenia candidate gene neuregulin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Duffy
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Karl T, Chesworth R, Duffy L, Herzog H. Acoustic startle response and sensorimotor gating in a genetic mouse model for the Y1 receptor. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:233-9. [PMID: 20096928 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted a potential role for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its Y(1) receptor in the development of schizophrenia. Genetic as well as molecular biological studies have demonstrated reduced levels of NPY in schizophrenia patients. Importantly, Y(1) receptors may mediate some of the potential effects of NPY on schizophrenia, as decreased Y(1) receptor expression has been found in the lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients. To clarify NPY's role in schizophrenia, we investigated a genetic animal model for Y(1) deficiency in regard to (i) acoustic startle response (ASR), (ii) habituation to ASR and (iii) sensorimotor gating [i.e. prepulse inhibition (PPI)] using two different PPI protocols. Mutant and wild type-like mice were screened for baseline behaviours and after pharmacological challenge with the psychotropic drugs dexamphetamine (DEX) and MK-801. Y(1) knockout mice (Y(1)(-/-)) showed a moderate reduction of the ASR and an impaired ASR habituation at baseline and after DEX treatment. The baseline PPI performance of Y(1) mutant mice was unaltered their response to DEX and MK-801 challenge was moderately different compared to control mice, which was dependent on the PPI protocol used. MK-801 challenge had a protocol-dependent differential effect in Y(1)(-/-) mice and DEX a more pronounced impact at the highest prepulse intensities. In conclusion, it appears that the Y(1) receptor influences the acoustic startle response and its habituation but does not play a major role in sensorimotor gating. Further explorations into the effects of Y(1) deficiency seem valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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Müller M, Graus M, Ruuskanen TM, Schnitzhofer R, Bamberger I, Kaser L, Titzmann T, Hörtnagl L, Wohlfahrt G, Karl T, Hansel A. First eddy covariance flux measurements by PTR-TOF. Atmos Meas Tech 2010; 3:387-395. [PMID: 24465280 PMCID: PMC3898015 DOI: 10.5194/amt-3-387-2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed PTR-TOF instrument was evaluated to measure methanol fluxes emitted from grass land using the eddy covariance method. The high time resolution of the PTR-TOF allowed storing full mass spectra up to m/z 315 with a frequency of 10 Hz. Three isobaric ions were found at a nominal mass of m/z 33 due to the high mass resolving power of the PTR-TOF. Only one of the three peaks contributed to eddy covariance fluxes. The exact mass of this peak agrees well with the exact mass of protonated methanol (m/z 33.0335). The eddy covariance methanol fluxes measured with PTR-TOF were compared to virtual disjunct eddy covariance methanol fluxes simultaneously measured with a conventional PTR-MS. The methanol fluxes from both instruments show excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Müller
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Graus
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. M. Ruuskanen
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Schnitzhofer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I. Bamberger
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L. Kaser
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Titzmann
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L. Hörtnagl
- Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G. Wohlfahrt
- Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Karl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - A. Hansel
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Jardine K, Karl T, Lerdau M, Harley P, Guenther A, Mak JE. Carbon isotope analysis of acetaldehyde emitted from leaves following mechanical stress and anoxia. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2009; 11:591-597. [PMID: 19538397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the emission of acetaldehyde from plants into the atmosphere following biotic and abiotic stresses may significantly impact air quality and climate, its metabolic origin(s) remains uncertain. We investigated the pathway(s) responsible for the production of acetaldehyde in plants by studying variations in the stable carbon isotope composition of acetaldehyde emitted during leaf anoxia or following mechanical stress. Under an anoxic environment, C3 leaves produced acetaldehyde during ethanolic fermentation with a similar carbon isotopic composition to C3 bulk biomass. In contrast, the initial emission burst following mechanical wounding was 5-12 per thousand more depleted in (13)C than emissions under anoxia. Due to a large kinetic isotope effect during pyruvate decarboxylation catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA and its biosynthetic products such as fatty acids are also depleted in (13)C relative to bulk biomass. It is well known that leaf wounding stimulates the release of large quantities of fatty acids from membranes, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We suggest that, following leaf wounding, acetaldehyde depleted in (13)C is produced from fatty acid peroxidation reactions initiated by the accumulation of ROS. However, a variety of other pathways could also explain our results, including the conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetaldehyde by the esterase activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jardine
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Karl T, Guenther A, Turnipseed A, Patton EG, Jardine K. Chemical sensing of plant stress at the ecosystem scale. Biogeosciences 2008; 5:1287-1294. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.5194/bg-5-1287-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Significant ecosystem-scale emissions of methylsalicylate (MeSA), a semivolatile plant hormone thought to act as the mobile signal for systemic acquired resistance (SAR), were observed in an agroforest. Our measurements show that plant internal defence mechanisms can be activated in response to temperature stress and are modulated by water availability on large scales. Highest MeSA fluxes (up to 0.25 mg/m2/h) were observed after plants experienced ambient night-time temperatures of ~7.5°C followed by a large daytime temperature increase (e.g. up to 22°C). Under these conditions estimated night-time leaf temperatures were as low as ~4.6°C, likely inducing a response to prevent chilling injury. Our observations imply that plant hormones can be a significant component of ecosystem scale volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes (e.g. as high as the total monoterpene (MT) flux) and therefore contribute to the missing VOC budget. If generalized to other ecosystems and different types of stresses these findings suggest that semivolatile plant hormones have been overlooked by investigations of the impact of biogenic VOCs on aerosol formation events in forested regions. Our observations show that the presence of MeSA in canopy air serves as an early chemical warning signal indicating ecosystem-scale stresses before visible damage becomes apparent. As a chemical metric, ecosystem emission measurements of MeSA in ambient air could therefore support field studies investigating factors that adversely affect plant growth.
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Boucher AA, Hunt GE, Karl T, Micheau J, McGregor IS, Arnold JC. Heterozygous neuregulin 1 mice display greater baseline and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced c-Fos expression. Neuroscience 2007; 149:861-70. [PMID: 17905522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia by precipitating the disorder in genetically vulnerable individuals. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a schizophrenia susceptibility gene and mutant mice heterozygous for the transmembrane domain of this gene (Nrg1 HET mice) exhibit a schizophrenia-related phenotype. We have recently shown that Nrg1 HET mice are more sensitive to the behavioral effects of the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In the present study, we examined the effects of THC (10 mg/kg i.p.) on neuronal activity in Nrg1 HET mice and wild type-like (WT) mice using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. In the lateral septum, THC selectively increased c-Fos expression in Nrg1 HET mice with no corresponding effect being observed in WT mice. In addition, THC promoted a greater increase in c-Fos expression in Nrg1 HET mice than WT mice in the central nucleus of the amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Consistent with Nrg1 HET mice exhibiting a schizophrenia-related phenotype, these mice expressed greater drug-free levels of c-Fos in two regions thought to be involved in schizophrenia, the shell of the nucleus accumbens and the lateral septum. Interestingly, the effects of genotype on c-Fos expression, drug-free or following THC exposure, were only observed when animals experienced behavioral testing prior to perfusion. This suggests an interaction with stress was necessary for the promotion of these effects. These data provide neurobiological correlates for the enhanced behavioral sensitivity of Nrg1 HET mice to THC and reinforce the existence of cannabinoid-neuregulin 1 interactions in the CNS. This research may enhance our understanding of how genetic factors increase individual vulnerability to schizophrenia and cannabis-induced psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boucher
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Karl T, Duffy L, Scimone A, Harvey RP, Schofield PR. Altered motor activity, exploration and anxiety in heterozygous neuregulin 1 mutant mice: implications for understanding schizophrenia. Genes Brain Behav 2007; 6:677-87. [PMID: 17309661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2006.00298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human genetic studies have shown that neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Nrg1 influences various neurodevelopmental processes, which are potentially related to schizophrenia. The neurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia suggests that interactions between genetic and environmental factors are responsible for biochemical alterations leading to schizophrenia. To investigate these interactions and to match experimental design with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we applied a comprehensive behavioural phenotyping strategy for motor activity, exploration and anxiety in a heterozygous Nrg1 transmembrane domain mutant mouse model (Nrg1 HET) using different housing conditions and age groups. We observed a locomotion- and exploration-related hyperactive phenotype in Nrg1 HETs. Increased age had a locomotion- and exploration-inhibiting effect, which was significantly attenuated in mutant mice. Environmental enrichment (EE) had a stimulating influence on locomotion and exploration. The impact of EE was more pronounced in Nrg1 hypomorphs. Our study also showed a moderate task-specific anxiolytic-like phenotype for Nrg1 HETs, which was influenced by external factors. The behavioural phenotype detected in heterozygous Nrg1 mutant mice is not specific to schizophrenia per se, but the increased sensitivity of mutant mice to exogenous factors is consistent with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the neurodevelopmental theory. Our findings reinforce the importance of carefully controlling experimental designs for external factors and of comprehensive, integrative phenotyping strategies. Thus, Nrg1 HETs may, in combination with other genetic and drug models, help to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms behind schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Neuroscience Institute of Schizophrenia and Allied Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
In Germany more than 4.5 million people are treated for chronic wounds per year with resulting costs for the public health system up to five billion Euro. Within the next 30 years, the demographic development will result in a doubling of these numbers of patients. On the other hand, the social security systems have decreasing resources and are confronted with rising costs of modern medicine. New legislation was designed to limit costs and to enable new ways of cooperation between hospitals and practioners ("Intergrierte Versorgung" = IV) aside of fixed budgets. According to German legislation, the contract is made between practitioners, hospitals, rehabilitation units and homecare companies on the one hand and public health insurance companies on the other hand. When designing special contracts for IV, the strategic interests and expectations of the partners have to be analysed. In these complex models, financial as well as bureaucratic and others aspects of health care are to be considered including quality assessment. In the case of chronic wounds, specific in- and exclusion criteria, duration of the treatment period and clear end-points (treatment success or failure) have to be defined. Optimizing clinical pathways as well as improved process management should be possible with IV. Low-volume contracts with limited duration and well defined clinical features are probably the best way to establish IV for chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Klinik für Gefässchirurgie, Karlsruhe.
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Edwards GD, Shepson PB, Grossenbacher JW, Wells JM, Patterson GE, Barket DJ, Pressley S, Karl T, Apel E. Development of an Automated Cylindrical Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer for the Determination of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5040-50. [PMID: 17542557 DOI: 10.1021/ac0703597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds released from the biosphere are known to have a large impact on atmospheric chemistry. Field instruments for the detection of these trace gases are often limited by the lack of instrument portability and the inability to distinguish compounds of interest from background or other interfering compounds. We have developed an automated sampling and preconcentration system, coupled to a lightweight, low-power cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer. The instrument was evaluated by measuring isoprene concentrations during a field campaign at the University of Michigan Biological Station PROPHET lab. Isoprene was preconcentrated by sampling directly into a short capillary column precooled without the aid of cryogens. The capillary column was then rapidly heated by moving the column to a preheated region to obtain fast separation of isoprene from other components, followed by detection with a cylindrical ion trap. This combination yielded a detection limit of approximately 80 ppt (parts per trillion) for isoprene with a measurement frequency of one sample every 11 min. The data obtained by the automated sampling and preconcentration system during the PROPHET 2005 campaign were compared to those of other field instruments measuring isoprene at this site in an intercomparison exercise. The intercomparisons suggest the new inlet system, when coupled with this ion trap detector, provides a viable field instrument for the fast, precise, and quantitative determination of isoprene and other trace gases over a variety of atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Boucher AA, Arnold JC, Duffy L, Schofield PR, Micheau J, Karl T. Heterozygous neuregulin 1 mice are more sensitive to the behavioural effects of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 192:325-36. [PMID: 17333138 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabis use may precipitate schizophrenia especially if the individual has a genetic vulnerability to this mental disorder. Human and animal research indicates that neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether dysfunction in the Nrg1 gene modulates the behavioural effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychotropic component of cannabis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heterozygous Nrg1 transmembrane-domain knockout mice (Nrg1 HET) were treated with acute THC (0, 5 or 10 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min before being tested using open field (OF), hole board (HB), light-dark (LD), elevated plus maze (EPM), social interaction (SI) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) tests. RESULTS Nrg1 HET mice showed differences in baseline behaviour with regard to locomotor activity, exploration and anxiety. More importantly, they were more sensitive to the locomotor suppressant actions of THC compared to wild type-like (WT) mice. In addition, Nrg1 HET mice expressed a greater THC-induced enhancement in % PPI than WT mice. The effects of THC on anxiety-related behaviour were task-dependent, with Nrg1 HET mice being more susceptible than WT mice to the anxiogenic effects of THC in LD, but not in the EPM, SI and OF tests. CONCLUSIONS Nrg1 HET mice were more sensitive to the acute effects of THC in an array of different behaviours including those that model symptoms of schizophrenia. It appears that variation in the schizophrenia-related neuregulin 1 gene alters the sensitivity to the behavioural effects of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boucher
- Neuroscience Institute of Schizophrenia and Allied Disorders, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
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Karl T, Nagel C, Storck M. [Acute limb ischemia as first symptom by contained ruptured pseudoaneurysm of an undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of the arteria iliaca externa]. VASA 2006; 35:252-7. [PMID: 17109370 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526.35.4.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary malignant vascular tumors represent a rare cause of acute extremity ischemia. Due to unspecific symptoms the correct diagnosis is often delayed and confirmed in many cases as late as post mortem. Differential diagnosis of malignant vascular tumors should be considered in patients with acute ischemia, atypical history and absence of typical risk factors for vascular diseases. The overall prognosis of such tumors is poor. If possible, complete curative resection in combination with arterial reconstruction should be performed. Multimodal therapy has to be considered and discussed in appropriate tumor boards. We report a case of a 70-year-old male patient with acute ischemia and contained rupture of a pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery due to an undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma. At the time of the primary operation, diffuse skeletal metastases were present but even detected postoperatively during staging. Therefore, no adjuvant or palliative therapy was initiated. In the postoperative course, recurrent non reversible ischemia was present followed by amputation of the right leg. The patient died 5 months after first operation. In the autopsy further metastases of lung and liver were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Klinik für Gefässchirurgie, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe.
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Boey D, Lin S, Karl T, Baldock P, Lee N, Enriquez R, Couzens M, Slack K, Dallmann R, Sainsbury A, Herzog H. Peptide YY ablation in mice leads to the development of hyperinsulinaemia and obesity. Diabetologia 2006; 49:1360-70. [PMID: 16680491 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obese people exhibit reduced circulating peptide YY (PYY) levels, but it is unclear whether this is a consequence or cause of obesity. We therefore investigated the effect of Pyy ablation on energy homeostasis. METHODS Body composition, i.p. glucose tolerance, food intake and hypothalamic neuropeptide expression were determined in Pyy knock-out and wild-type mice on a normal or high-fat diet. RESULTS Pyy knock-out significantly increased bodyweight and increased fat mass by 50% in aged females on a normal diet. Male chow-fed Pyy (-/-) mice were resistant to obesity but became significantly fatter and glucose-intolerant compared with wild-types when fed a high-fat diet. Pyy knock-out animals exhibited significantly elevated fasting or glucose-stimulated serum insulin concentrations vs wild-types, with no increase in basal or fasting-induced food intake. Pyy knock-out decreased or had no effect on neuropeptide Y expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and significantly increased proopiomelanocortin expression in this region. Male but not female knock-outs exhibited significantly increased growth hormone-releasing hormone expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus and significantly elevated serum IGF-I and testosterone levels. This sex difference in activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary somatotrophic axis by Pyy ablation may contribute to the resistance of chow-fed male knock-outs to late-onset obesity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION PYY signalling is important in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis, possibly via regulation of insulin release. Therefore reduced PYY levels may predispose to the development of obesity, particularly with ageing or under conditions of high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Boey
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghust, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Abstract
Stress causes a rise in body temperature in laboratory animals (stress-induced hyperthermia). However, the direct effect of common stressors in animal research, i.e. transportation between holding and test rooms or isolation of animals, on body temperature has not been investigated to its full extent. To address this question, it is important to have a reliable and simple monitoring technique, which does not induce stress itself. In the present study, we investigated stress-related changes in body temperature of F344/Hw rats after (1) moving the cage within the holding room, (2) moving the cage from the holding room to another test room and (3) social deprivation (isolation). A combination of two different body temperature recording methods was used to clarify their accuracy and stress-inductive character: rectal temperature recording and peritoneal implanted temperature sensors (Thermochron iButtons).The results demonstrate that (1) different stressors induce a significant rise in body temperature, (2) which is detectable for more than 60 min and (3) it is of importance to standardize temperature recording methods in order to avoid confounding effects of the recording method itself. Furthermore, Thermochron iButtons are more accurate and reliable for body temperature studies than rectal recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dallmann
- Institute of Zoology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Karl T, Modic PK, Voss EU. Indikationen und Behandlungsergebnisse der V.A.C.®-Therapie in der Gefäßchirurgie - State of the art in der Behandlung chronischer Wunden? Zentralbl Chir 2004; 129 Suppl 1:S74-9. [PMID: 15168294 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Almost 10 % of the population are concerned in the course of her life by chronic wounds, mortality resulting from this amount to 2.5 %. The Vacuum assisted closure (V.A.C.) therapy represents a modern procedure for the treatment of chronic wounds. Also in some first appearing offering no prospects cases hereby the Major amputation can be prevented and the majority of chronic therapy-resistant wounds can be healed. Due to first experiences with the V.A.C. therapy with the treatment of infected vascular grafts in the stage II and III after Szilágyi it also offers a success - promising option to concern the extremity and the life of the patient and to receive but also the infected graft in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Gefässchirurgische Klinik der Städtischen Kliniken Karlsruhe, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Freiburg.
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Karl T, Langwara H, Bähr R. [Prolapsed malignant polyp of the stomach causing acute pancreatitis]. Chirurg 2004; 75:75-9. [PMID: 14740132 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-003-0707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyps of the stomach are rare lesions with an incidence between 1.7% and 3.9%. Until now, most cases were asymptomatic and found during endoscopic examination. Only three cases of prolapsing gastric polyps causing acute pancreatitis have been reported. Prolapsed polyps of the stomach should be included in the differential diagnosis of secondary pancreatitis. If endoscopic polypectomy is impossible, surgical treatment is necessary. In case early gastric cancer of the mucosa is detected in a polyp, limited surgery is possible. Otherwise, gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy of the D2 compartment is required
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Chirurgische Klinik der Städtischen Kliniken Karlsruhe, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Freiburg, Karlsruhe.
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Kuster WC, Jobson BT, Karl T, Riemer D, Apel E, Goldan PD, Fehsenfeld FC. Intercomparison of volatile organic carbon measurement techniques and data at La Porte during the TexAQS2000 Air Quality Study. Environ Sci Technol 2004; 38:221-228. [PMID: 14740739 DOI: 10.1021/es034710r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Texas Air Quality Study 2000 (TexAQS2000) investigated the photochemical production of ozone and the chemistry of related precursors and reaction products in the vicinity of Houston, TX. The colocation of four instruments for the measurement of volatile organic carbon compounds (VOCs) allowed a unique opportunity for the intercomparison of the different in-situ measuring techniques. The instruments included three gas chromatographs, each with a different type of detector, and a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) with each system designed to measure a different suite of VOCs. Correlation plots and correlation statistics are presented for species measured by more than one of these instruments. The GC instruments were all in agreement to within 10-20% (slope) with coefficients of variation (r2) of > or = 0.85. The PTR-MS agreement with other instruments was more dependent on species with some very good agreements (r2 values of approximately 0.95 for some aromatics), but isoprene, acetaldehyde and propene were substantially less highly correlated (0.55 < r2 < 0.80). At least part of these differences were undoubtedly due to the timing of sample acquisition in an environment in which VOC levels changed very rapidly on both quantitative and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Kuster
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, R/AL7, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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Karl T. [Pneumatosis cystoides coli--a rare differential diagnosis in colonoscopy]. Zentralbl Chir 2003; 128:333-6. [PMID: 12700993 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-38799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI), also called emphysema intestinalis or colitis cystica is a rare entity of unknown etiology. Characteristic signs can be found in endoscopy. We report the case of a 63 years old man in whom the misinterpretation of the colonoscopic signs resulted in resection of the ascending colon. After surgical therapy the patient is up to now asymptomatic with no signs of recurrence. Treatment of PCI is necessary only in symptomatic cases. The first choice of treatment is oxygen therapy in combination with metronidazole for six weeks. High recurrence rates are found with either oxygen treatment or antibiotic application alone. Surgical therapeutic intervention is recommended only in cases with serious complications. Limited resection of the affected part of the bowel should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Chirurgische Klinik der Städtischen Kliniken Karlsruhe, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Freiburg.
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Karl T, Fall R, Rosenstiel TN, Prazeller P, Larsen B, Seufert G, Lindinger W. On-line analysis of the (13)CO(2) labeling of leaf isoprene suggests multiple subcellular origins of isoprene precursors. Planta 2002; 215:894-905. [PMID: 12355149 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-002-0825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2002] [Accepted: 05/23/2002] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is the most abundant biogenic hydrocarbon released from vegetation, and there is continuing interest in understanding its biosynthesis from photosynthetic precursors in leaf chloroplasts. We used on-line proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) to observe the kinetics of (13)C-labeling of isoprene following exposure to (13)CO(2) and then the loss of (13)C after a return to normal (12)CO(2) in oak ( Quercus agrifolia Nee) and cottonwood (Populus deltoides Barr.) leaves. Assignments of labeled isoprene species were verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For the first time, it was possible to observe the half-lives of individually (13)C-labeled isoprene species during these transitions, and to trace some of the label to a C3 fragment that contained the two isoprene carbons derived from pyruvate via the deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate (DOXP) pathway. At steady state (under (13)CO(2)), approximately 80% of isoprene carbon was labeled, with fully labeled isoprene as the major species (approx. 60%). The source of the unlabeled C is suggested to be extrachloroplastic, but not from photorespiratory carbon. After a transfer to (12)CO(2), (13)C-labeling persisted in one isoprene carbon for several hours; this persistence was much more pronounced in (i) leaves inhibited by fosmidomycin, a specific inhibitor of the DOXP pathway, and (ii) in sun leaves which have higher ratios of soluble sugars to starch. From the mass 41-44 fragment data, and labeling predicted from the DOXP pathway in chloroplasts, precursors may arise from cytosolic pyruvate/phospho enolpyruvate equivalents transported into the chloroplast; this idea was supported by an indirect measure of pyruvate labeling. Other sources of cytosolic isoprene precursors (i.e. dimethylallyl diphosphate or pentose phosphate) could not be excluded. The data obtained shed light on the half-lives of photosynthetic metabolites, exchanges of carbon between cellular pools, and suggest multiple origins of isoprene precursors in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck Austria.
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Hansen J, Ruedy R, Sato M, Imhoff M, Lawrence W, Easterling D, Peterson T, Karl T. A closer look at United States and global surface temperature change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Karl T, Prazeller P, Mayr D, Jordan A, Rieder J, Fall R, Lindinger W. Human breath isoprene and its relation to blood cholesterol levels: new measurements and modeling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 91:762-70. [PMID: 11457792 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous publications have described measurements of breath isoprene in humans, and there has been a hope that breath isoprene analyses could be a noninvasive diagnostic tool to assess blood cholesterol levels or cholesterol synthesis rate. However, significant analytic problems in breath isoprene analysis and variability in isoprene levels with age, exercise, diet, etc., have limited the usefulness of these measurements. Here, we have applied proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry to this problem, allowing on-line detection of breath isoprene. We show that breath isoprene concentration increases within a few seconds after exercise is started as a result of a rapid increase in heart rate and then reaches a lower steady state when breath rate stabilizes. Additional experiments demonstrated that increases in heart rate associated with standing after reclining or sleeping are associated with increased breath isoprene concentrations. An isoprene gas-exchange model was developed and shows excellent fit to breath isoprene levels measured during exercise. In a preliminary experiment, we demonstrated that atorvastatin therapy leads to a decrease in serum cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein levels and a parallel decrease in breath isoprene levels. This work suggests that there is constant endogenous production of isoprene during the day and night and reaffirms the possibility that breath isoprene can be a noninvasive marker of cholesterologenesis if care is taken to measure breath isoprene under standard conditions at constant heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karl
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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