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Waikhom D, Kezhedath J, Nediyirippil Suresh S, Bedekar MK, Varghese T, Prasad Kurcheti P, Kooloth Valappil R. Induction of trained immunity using β-glucan and its protective responses in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 157:105188. [PMID: 38677664 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging diseases in fish cause drastic economic losses in the aquaculture sector. To combat the impact of disease outbreaks and prevent the emergence of infections in culture systems, understanding the advanced strategies for protecting fish against infections is inevitable in fish health research. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the induction of trained immunity and its protective efficacy against Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia. For this, Nile tilapia and the Tilapia head kidney macrophage primary culture were primed using β-glucan @200 μg/10 g body weight and 10 μg/mL respectively. Expression profiles of the markers of trained immunity and production of metabolites were monitored at different time points, post-priming and training, which depicted enhanced responsiveness. Higher lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production in vitro suggests heightened glycolysis induced by priming of the cells using β-glucan. A survival rate of 60% was observed in β-glucan trained fish post challenge with virulent S. agalactiae at an LD50 of 2.6 × 107 cfu/ml, providing valuable insights into promising strategies of trained immunity for combating infections in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Waikhom
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 61, India
| | - Jeena Kezhedath
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 61, India.
| | - Sooraj Nediyirippil Suresh
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 61, India
| | - Megha Kadam Bedekar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 61, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 61, India
| | - Pani Prasad Kurcheti
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 61, India
| | - Rajendran Kooloth Valappil
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai, 61, India
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Bhatt S, Dasgupta S, Gupta S, Sahu NP, Kumar VJR, Varghese T. Effect of sulfate on the osmoregulatory and physio-biochemical responses of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles reared in potassium-deficient medium saline waters. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:18636-18655. [PMID: 38351352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The inland saline waters were continuously observed to have low potassium concentrations compared to their seawater counterpart of the same salinity. We hypothesize that the toxic effect of sulfate may manifest in low potassium saline (LPSW) waters compared to brackish water of the same salinity. Thus, LC50 trials were performed in GIFT (genetically improved farmed tilapia) fry (0.5 ± 0.02 g) to determine the acute sulfate toxicity in freshwater (FW, 0.5 g L-1), artificial seawater (ASW, 10 g L-1), and LPSW (10 g L-1). The median lethal concentrations (96h LC50) of sulfate ion in FW, LPSW, and ASW for the GIFT were 5.30 g L-1, 2.56 g L-1, and 2.98 g L-1, respectively. A second experiment was conducted for 21 days, exposing fish to a sub-lethal level of sulfate ion (SO42-) concentration (1000 mg L-1, one-fifth of FW LC50) with different types of waters (FW, freshwater, 0.5 g L-1; ASW, artificial seawater, 10 g L-1; LPSW, low potassium saline water, 10 g L-1) with and without sulfate inclusion to constitute the treatments as follows, (FW, FW + SO4, ASW, ASW + SO4, LPSW, LPSW + SO4). The effect of sulfate on GIFT reared in sulfate-rich potassium-deficient medium saline water was evaluated by focusing on the hematological adjustments, stress-induced oxidative damage, and osmoregulatory imbalances. The survival was not altered due to the sulfate concentration and K+ deficiency; however, there were significant changes in branchial NKA (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity and osmolality. The increase in NKA was highest in LPSW treatment, suggesting that internal ionic imbalance was triggered due to an interactive effect of sulfate and K+ deficiency. The cortisol levels showed a pronounced increase due to sulfate inclusion irrespective of K+ deficiency. The antioxidant enzymes, i.e., SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, GST (glutathione-S-transferase), and GPX (glutathione peroxidase), reflected a similar pattern of increment in the gills and liver of the LPSW + SO4 groups, suggesting a poor antioxidant status of the exposed group. The hepatic peroxidation status, i.e. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and the peroxide values were enhanced due to both K+ deficiency and sulfate inclusion, suggesting a possible lipid peroxidation in the liver due to handling the excess sulfate anion concentration. The hematological parameters, including haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, and hematocrit level, reduced significantly in the LPSW + SO4 group, indicating a reduced blood oxygen capacity due to the sulfate exposure and water potassium deficiency. The hepatic acetylcholine esterase activity was suppressed in all the treatments with sulfate inclusion, while the highest suppression was observed in the LPSW + SO4 group. Thus, it is concluded that sulfate-induced physiological imbalances manifest more in potassium-deficient water, indicating that environmental sulfate is more detrimental to inland saline water than freshwater or brackish water of the same salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Bhatt
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, 400061
| | - Subrata Dasgupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, 400061
| | - Subodh Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, 400061
| | | | | | - Tincy Varghese
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, 400061.
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Garg CK, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Maiti MK, Shamna N, Varghese T, Deo AD. Effect of graded levels of dietary methionine on growth performance, carcass composition and physio-metabolic responses of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland saline water of 10 ppt. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Waikhom D, Kezhedath J, Krishnan R, Varghese T, Kurcheti PP, Valappil RK. Βeta-glucan stimulation induces trained immunity markers in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:855-861. [PMID: 36336239 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity refers to the memory acquired by innate immune cells, leading to cross-protection and non-specific responses to subsequent infection, thereby improving host survival. Trained immunity induction is a combined effect of immune signaling, metabolic changes, and epigenetic modifications. The present study evaluated the induction of markers of the phenomenon of trained immunity in common carp, which is trained using β-glucan. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) and hypoxia-inducible factor (hif1α), the metabolic basis of trained immunity; the histone deacetylase (hdac7), one of the markers of epigenetic modifications, metabolic activity of activated cells and expression profiles of proinflammatory cytokines viz. il6a, tnfαa2, and ifnγ were targeted in the study and analyzed in vivo. Besides in vivo analysis, in vitro analysis of mtorc2, hif1α, hdac7, and ifnγ were analyzed. In vitro analyses were performed on head kidney macrophages isolated and maintained in L-15 media and double trained with β-glucan at 100μg/mL. The culture supernatant was collected at different time intervals and processed for expression studies. Healthy common carp were injected with β-glucan at 20 mg/kg body weight for training followed by a resting phase for 6 days and were restimulated with the same dose. Head kidney was collected from the fish post-induction as well as post-restimulation. The expression profile of mtorc2, hdac7, and hif1α were found elevated post-stimulation of β-glucan. Further, a significantly upregulated expression profile of proinflammatory cytokines (ifnγ, il6a and tnfαa2) was observed. Increased glycolysis in the cells post-β-glucan stimulation was confirmed by the high lactate and LDH production detected in the cell culture supernatant. Overall, the study revealed the expression profile of the trained immunity markers and the increased metabolic activity in cells induced with β-glucan, which further validates that the action of trained immunity is indispensable in fish on encounter with a potential ligand. The study supports the existing reports on trained immunity in teleost fish with evidence at the genomic level. However, further studies are required to understand the responses and actions of trained immune cells during infection in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Waikhom
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Jeena Kezhedath
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India.
| | - Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Nutrition, Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Pani Prasad Kurcheti
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Rajendran Kooloth Valappil
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
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Paul M, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Jana P, Deo AD, Harikrishna V, Varghese T, Shamna N, Kumar P, Krishna G. Effect of Dietary Lipid Level on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Physiometabolic Responses of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) Juveniles Reared in Inland Ground Saline Water. Aquac Nutr 2022; 2022:5345479. [PMID: 36860463 PMCID: PMC9973226 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5345479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth and physiometabolic responses to optimize the dietary lipid requirement for maximizing the growth of Genetically Improved FarmedTilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland ground saline water (IGSW) of medium salinity (15 ppt). Formulation and preparation of seven heterocaloric (389.56-449.02 Kcal digestible energy/100 g), heterolipidic (40-160 g/kg), and isonitrogenous (410 g/kg crude protein) purified diets were done for conducting the feeding trial. Random distribution of 315 acclimatized fish (mean weight 1.90 ± 0.01 g) was made in seven experimental groups such as CL4 (40 g/kg lipid), CL6 (60 g/kg lipid), CL8 (80 g/kg lipid), CL10 (100 g/kg lipid), CL12 (120 g/kg lipid), CP14 (140 g/kg lipid), and CL16 (160 g/kg lipid) with 15 fish per triplicate tank (fish density, 0.21 kg/m3). Respective diets were used for feeding the fish at satiation level three times daily. Results indicated that weight gain percentage (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio, and protease activity significantly increased up to 100 g lipid/kg fed group, and then the values significantly decreased. Muscle ribonucleic acid (RNA) content and lipase activity were highest in 120 g/kg lipid-fed group. RNA/DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and serum high-density lipoproteins levels of 100 g/kg lipid-fed group were significantly higher than 140, and 160 g/kg lipid-fed groups. The lowest feed conversion ratio was found in the 100 g/kg lipid-fed group. The amylase activity was significantly higher in 40 and 60 g lipid/kg fed groups. The whole-body lipid level was increased with increasing the dietary lipid levels, whereas, there was no significant difference in whole-body moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents of all groups. Highest serum glucose, total protein and albumin, and albumin to globulin ratio and lowest low-density lipoproteins level were found in 140 and 160 g/kg lipid-fed groups. Serum osmolality and osmoregulatory capacity did not vary significantly, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed an increased and decreased trend, respectively, with the increasing dietary lipid levels. According to second-order polynomial regression analysis based on WG% and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid for GIFT juveniles in IGSW of 15 ppt salinity was found to be 99.1 and 100.1 g/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mritunjoy Paul
- Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Parimal Sardar
- Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Prasanta Jana
- Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Gumla, Birsa Agricultural University, 835 207, Ranchi, India
| | - Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo
- Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Vungurala Harikrishna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Lahli, Haryana 124 411, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Nazeema Shamna
- Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Lahli, Haryana 124 411, India
| | - Gopal Krishna
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, India
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John VC, Verma AK, Krishnani KK, Chandrakant MH, Varghese T, Pathak MS. Effect of potassium supplementation on osmoregulatory and stress response of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) with Spinacia oleracea L. in aquaponics. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:249-261. [PMID: 35593382 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of different potassium supplementation dosages on the physiological responses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus reared in an aquaponic system with Spinacia oleracea L. for 60 days. The system comprised of a rectangular fish tank of 168 l capacity (water volume = 100 l) with nutrient film technique (NFT)-based hydroponic component with fish to plant ratio of 2.8 kg m-3 : 28 plants m-2 in all the treatments. The osmoregulatory and stress parameters of P. hypophthalmus at four different potassium dosages of T1 (90 mg l-1 ), T2 (120 mg l-1 ), T3 (150 mg l-1 ) and T4 (180 mg l-1 ) were compared with C (control, 0 mg l-1 ) to examine the potassium level to be applied to aquaponics. The water quality parameters and fish production were found to have no adverse impact due to potassium supplementation. The spinach yield during two harvests, i.e., before and after potassium supplementation, revealed that the yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) after supplementation with the highest yield in T3 and T4. The osmoregulatory parameters such as plasma osmolality, Na+ , K+ ATPase activity in gill and plasma ionic profile (Cl- , Ca2+ and Na+ ) showed an insignificant variation (P > 0.05) between control and treatments except for higher plasma potassium concentration (1.98 ± 0.19 mmol l-1 ) in T4. The stress and antioxidant enzyme analysis exhibited significantly higher plasma glucose and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in gill and liver in T4, whereas cortisol and catalase showed an insignificant difference (P > 0.05). The experimental findings demonstrated that the potassium dosage up to 150 mg l-1 could be suggested as optimum for P. hypophthalmus and spinach aquaponics without impairing the health and oxidative status of P. hypophthalmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venisza Cathy John
- Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Verma
- Aquaculture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
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Velselvi R, Dasgupta S, Varghese T, Sahu NP, Tripathi G, Panmei H, Singha KP, Krishna G. Taurine and/or inorganic potassium as dietary osmolyte counter the stress and enhance the growth of GIFT reared in ion imbalanced low saline water. Food Chemistry: Molecular Sciences 2022; 4:100058. [PMID: 35415671 PMCID: PMC8991973 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Potassium deficient inland saline water leads to osmotic stress and limits growth in GIF tilapia. 0.6 % potassium in diet mitigates stress and improves growth in GIFT. Dietary taurine and K+ act synergistically to relieve stress and ensure higher growth than freshwater rearing. Dietary K+ and taurine regulates NKAa1, AQP1 and ClC2 mRNA expression for retrieving ionic and energy homeostasis.
The effects of dietary osmolytes for alleviating osmotic stress and enhancing growth are not well elucidated in fish reared in inland saline water. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary taurine or potassium (K+) individually or in combination on growth, ionic homeostasis, and stress response of GIFT tilapia reared in potassium deficient low saline water (PDLSW, 10 ppt salinity) mimicking inland saline water. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets supplemented with five potassium concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6 and 0.75 %), two taurine (T) concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 %) and two combinations of both (K+ 0.1 % + T 0.5 % and K+ 0.2 % + T 0.5 %) were fed to GIFT juveniles (4.4 ± 0.02 g body weight) and reared in PDLSW for 45 days. The fish fed on the diet fortifying with K+ 0.2 % + T 0.5 % showed the highest growth performance among the controls and other treatment groups. Dietary supplementation had no effects on PDLSW induced increase in osmoregulatory endpoints. The optimum dietary potassium requirement of GIFT reared in PDLSW was 0.57 and 0.599 g/100 g diet. Dietary K+ down-regulated the PDLSW induced expression of NKAa1, AQP1, and ClC2, whereas inhibited taurine-induced up-regulation of AQP1 and CLC2, which is the first report in tilapia. In addition, dietary K+ and taurine modulated antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activities for easing stress and balancing energy requirements. Thus, blending of potassium (0.2 %) and taurine (0.5 %) in the diet appears best to mitigate stress and enhance GIFT growth reared in inland saline water.
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Ebeneezar S, Vijayagopal P, Srivastava P, Gupta S, Sukumaran S, Sebastian W, Varghese T, Prabu DL, Varghese E, Tejpal C, Sayooj P, Nazar A. Optimum dietary levels of lysine and methionine reduces the crude protein requirement and improves growth in Snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blitzer G, Pulia N, Mattison R, Varghese T, Ganz O, Chappell R, Gallipeau J, McDowell K, Meyers R, Glazer T, Kimple R. Marrow Derived Autologous Stromal Cells for the Restoration of Salivary Hypofunction (MARSH): Study Protocol for a Phase I Dose Escalation Trial of Patients with Xerostomia after Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paz C, Blitzer G, Glassey A, Giri J, Pennati A, Ganz O, Schreiber S, Nickel K, Kelm-Nelson C, Vanessa C, Pohlman R, Glazer T, Lunga T, Robbins D, Mattison R, Varghese T, Thibeault S, Pulia N, Gallipeau J, Kimple R. Treatment of Radiation-Induced Xerostomia with INF-g Pre-Licensed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Varghese T, Dasgupta S, Anand G, Rejish Kumar VJ, Sahu NP, Pal AK, Puthiyottil M. Dietary arginine attenuates hypoxia- induced HIF expression, metabolic responses and oxidative stress in Indian Major Carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 259:110714. [PMID: 35026416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common stressor in aquaculture systems, which causes severe physiological disturbances, ultimately leading to mortality or reduced productivity. Arginine, as a precursor of NO, has a role in enhancing oxygen delivery. Thus, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary arginine (Arg) in Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to hypoxia. The fish were fed with different levels of arginine for 60 days and exposed for 72 h to a sublethal level of hypoxia (0.50 ± 0.16 mg/L dissolved oxygen [DO]). The six treatment groups with three replicates were N0 (0% Arg + Normoxia), H0 (0% Arg + Hypoxia), N0.7 (0.70% Arg + Normoxia), H0.7 (0.70% Arg + Hypoxia), N1.4 (1.40% Arg + Normoxia), H1.4 (1.40% Arg + Hypoxia). Eighteen experimental units with twelve animals (5.8 ± 0.18 g) each were used for the trial.The results indicated that supplementation of arginine at 0.7 and 1.4% enhanced the hypoxia tolerance time, although the high dose (1.4%) did not yield any further increments. The exposure to hypoxia up-regulated Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α mRNA expression and supplementation of arginine significantly decreased hypoxia induced up-regulation of HIF at 1.4%. Arginine supplementation partially or completely normalised the hypoxia induced changes in the metabolic enzymes of C. mrigala. The fish exposed to hypoxic conditions exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) lipid peroxidation levels than those maintained under normoxic conditions, while arginine feeding significant in reducing lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in hypoxia-exposed carp, indicating increased oxidative stress during the hypoxic exposure, that was improved in Arg-supplemented groups. However, arginine did not modulate erythrocyte countsalthough itreduced the erythrocyte fragility. We conclude arginine supplementation is effective in ameliorating hypoxia induced metabolic alterations and improving antioxidant defences in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tincy Varghese
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Subrata Dasgupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Garima Anand
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - V J Rejish Kumar
- Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala 682 506, India
| | | | - Asim Kumar Pal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Mishal Puthiyottil
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata 700 120, India.
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Gupta G, Srivastava PP, Gangwar M, Varghese T, Chanu TI, Gupta S, Ande MP, Krishna G, Jana P. Extra-Fortification of Zinc Upsets Vitellogenin Gene Expression and Antioxidant Status in Female of Clarias magur brooders. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1861-1871. [PMID: 34156639 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of graded level of zinc on Vitellogenin gene (Vtg) expression and antioxidant enzymes in threatened catfish, Clarias magur (C. magur). One hundred and eighty female C. magur with an average weight of 145 ± 5 g were allocated in twelve cemented tanks with dimension 4.5 × 2 × 1 m for a period of 60 days. Fish were distributed in four groups with three replicates following the completely randomised design. The first group treated as control (C) fed with basal diet contained normal zinc level, and remaining groups were fed with basal diets having 50, 200 and 300 mg/kg zinc acetate and treated as T1, T2 and T3 respectively. To evaluate the effect of dietary zinc supplementation on Vtg gene expression, three sampling were carried out, I sampling (April, before starting the experimental trail), II sampling (May, after 1 month of feeding trail) and III sampling (June before breeding season). In the present study, a dose-dependent relationship between Vtg gene expression and zinc inclusion in the diet of threatened catfish, C. magur, was reported. Vtg gene expression increased in all groups from I sampling to II sampling but the highest Vtg gene expression was found in T1 group and the lowest in T3 group at II sampling. Vtg gene expression among the treatments differs significantly (P < 0.05) in each sampling. Accumulation of zinc was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in C. magur and it was reported that the significantly higher (P < 0.05) zinc was accumulated in the liver and ovary of T3 group as compared to other groups. The antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD, catalase and GST) were also measured in different tissues (liver, gill and ovary) to evaluate the effect of extra-supplementation of zinc on the antioxidant status. In T3 group, SOD, catalase and GST activities were significantly higher than those in other groups. In the current study, serum glucose level was also measured and it was found in increasing trend with inclusion of zinc in the diet of C. magur. In the present study, it can be concluded that the zinc exhibits beneficial effect only up to 50 mg/kg. Thus, it is concluded that supplementation of zinc at 200 mg/kg or more disrupts Vtg gene expression and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyandeep Gupta
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastava
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India.
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur - 848 125, Bihar, India.
| | - Munish Gangwar
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Thongam I Chanu
- Division of Aquaculture, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Maharashtra, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muralidhar P Ande
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education Kakinada Centre, Near Old Burma Shell, Beach Road, Andhra Pradesh, Kakinada-533 007, India
| | - Gopal Krishna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanta Jana
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India
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Kumar M, Gupta G, Varghese T, Srivastava PP, Gupta S. Preparation and characterization of glucose-conjugated super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (G-SPIONs) for removal of Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas hydrophila from water. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:1768-1783. [PMID: 35038205 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present research was conducted to prepare efficient G-SPIONs by co-precipitation to remove Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas hydrophila from the aqueous solution. The synthesized G-SPIONs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, DLS, FEG-TEM, FT-IR, XRD, and VSM analysis. The results showed that the synthesized G-SPIONs had super-paramagnetic properties (58.31 emu/g) and spherical shape (16 ± 3 nm). The antibacterial activity was assessed in sterilized distilled water at different G-SPIONs concentrations viz. 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 120, and 240 mg/L against E. tarda and A. hydrophila with various bacterial loads viz. 1 × 103 , 1 × 104 , 1 × 105 , 1 × 106 , and 1 × 107 CFU/ml at different time intervals 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. At a lower bacterial load of E. tarda and A. hydrophila 1 × 103 -1 × 104 CFU/ml, 100% bacterial load was removed by 15 min exposure with NPs concentration 6-48 mg/L and 1.5-6 mg/L, respectively. Cent percent bacterial removal was observed in both the bacterial species even at higher bacterial load (1 × 105 -1 × 107 CFU/ml) by increasing exposure time (15-60 min) and nanoparticle concentration as well (24-240 mg/L). At an initial bacterial load of E. tarda and A. hydrophila (1 × 103 -1 × 107 CFU/ml), the EC50 ranged between 0.01-6.51 mg/L and 0.02-3.84 mg/L, respectively, after 15-60 min exposure. Thus, it is concluded that the antibacterial effect of G-SPIONs depends on concentration and exposure time. Hence, G-SPIONs can be used as an antibacterial/biocidal agent to treat Edwardsiellosis and Aeromonosis disease in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Kumar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Gyandeep Gupta
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Subodh Gupta
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
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Chandhini S, Trumboo B, Jose S, Varghese T, Rajesh M, Kumar VJR. Insulin-like growth factor signalling and its significance as a biomarker in fish and shellfish research. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1011-1031. [PMID: 33987811 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor signalling system comprises insulin-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factor receptors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins. Along with the growth hormones, insulin-like growth factor signalling is very pivotal in the growth and development of all vertebrates. In fishes, insulin-like growth factors play an important role in osmoregulation, besides the neuroendocrine regulation of growth. Insulin-like growth factor concentration in plasma can assess the growth in fishes and shellfishes and therefore widely applied in nutritional research as an indicator to evaluate the performance of selected nutrients. The present review summarizes the role of insulin-like growth factor signalling in fishes and shellfishes, its significance in aquaculture and in evaluating growth, reproduction and development, and discusses the utility of this system as biomarkers for early indication of growth in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandhini
- Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health Management (CAAHM), Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Bushra Trumboo
- Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health Management (CAAHM), Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Seena Jose
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - M Rajesh
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V J Rejish Kumar
- Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health Management (CAAHM), Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India.
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Gopan A, Maiti MK, Varghese T, Lalappan S, Sardar P, Gupta S, Sahu NP. Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from neem seed cake in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings concomitant with oil extraction processing industry. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kerrigan K, Chipman J, Jo Y, Haaland B, Johnson E, Puri S, Varghese T, Akerley W, Patel S. FP05.01 Real-World Survival Outcomes of Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Choice of Second-line Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Blitzer G, Paz C, Giri J, Pennati A, Ganz O, Schreiber S, Nickel K, Kelm-Nelson C, Vanessa C, Pohlman R, Varghese T, Glazer T, Mattison R, Pulia N, Gallipeau J, Kimple R. Salivary Gland Autotransplantation of Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Treatment of Radiation-Induced Xerostomia - FDA IND Enabling Studies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ahmadi Pirshahid A, Kim D, Li Y, Varghese T, Pope J. SAT0457 PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN OSTEOARTHRITIC PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:There is controversy regarding the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP). While OA may be associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD) due to increased weight, evidence exists that the incidence of OP may be increased in patients with OA.Objectives:To determine whether the prevalence of OP is increased in patients with OA, compared to age and sex-matched populations.Methods:We conducted a systematic literature review using the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, including articles that that analysed the frequency, rate, prevalence, incidence, risk, or excess risk of OP in patients with OA compared to age and sex-matched comparison groups (controls). Articles with fewer than 200 participants, and those without controls were excluded. Two reviewers conducted title and abstract screening.Results:Of 2772 unique articles, 49 articles were chosen for full article screening, and 4 articles met the inclusion criteria of our present study. Data from 2 and 4 studies used OP in men and women, respectively. Other articles reported on BMD and not OP so they were excluded. In women, 998 participants with OA were compared with 1903 controls. The pooled estimate of the odds ratio for prevalence of OP vs general matched population was not statistically different (Figure 1). In men, 136 participants with OA were compared with 682 controls. The results did not show a statistically significant different in the frequency of OP in OA in men (Figure 2).Figure 1.Prevalence of OP in women with OA compared to controlsFigure 2.Prevalence of OP in men with OA compared to controlsConclusion:The frequency of OP in participants with OA was the same in both men and women compared to the matched controls.References:[1]Chang, C. B., Kim, T. K., Kang, Y. G., Seong, S. C., & Kang, S. B. (2014). Prevalence of osteoporosis in female patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 29(10), 1425-1431.[2]Liu, G., Peacock, M., Eilam, O., Dorulla, G., Braunstein, E., & Johnston, C. C. (1997). Effect of osteoarthritis in the lumbar spine and hip on bone mineral density and diagnosis of osteoporosis in elderly men and women. Osteoporosis International, 7(6), 564-569.[3]Schneider, D. L., Barrett-Connor, E., Morton, D. J., & Weisman, M. (2002). Bone mineral density and clinical hand osteoarthritis in elderly men and women: the Rancho Bernardo study. The Journal of Rheumatology, 29(7), 1467-1472.[4]Schneider, D. L., Bettencourt, R., & Barrett-Connor, E. (2006). Clinical utility of spine bone density in elderly women. Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 9(3), 255-260.Disclosure of Interests:Ali Ahmadi Pirshahid: None declared, Dongkeun Kim: None declared, Yueyang Li: None declared, Timothy Varghese: None declared, Janet Pope Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Company, Merck, Roche, Seattle Genetics, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eicos Sciences, Eli Lilly & Company, Emerald, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: UCB
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Kumar M, Varghese T, Sahu NP, Gupta G, Dasgupta S. Pseudobranch mimics gill in expressing Na +K +-ATPase 1 α-subunit and carbonic anhydrase in concert with H +-ATPase in adult hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) during river migration. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:725-738. [PMID: 31848826 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), pseudobranch comprises a row of parallel filaments bear numerous leaf-like lamellae arranged on both sides throughout its length. The purpose of this study was to elucidate involvement of pseudobranchial Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) 1 α-subunit, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in concert with H+-ATPase (HAT) compared to their branchial counterparts in freshwater acclimation of hilsa during spawning migration from off-shore of the Bay of Bengal to the Bhagirathi-Hooghly zones of the Ganga river system in India. Adult hilsa fish were collected from seawater (SW), freshwater 1 (FW1), and freshwater 2 (FW2) locations, where the salinity level was 26-28‰, 1-5‰, and 0-0.04‰, respectively. Hilsa migrating through freshwater showed a consistent decrease in the plasma osmolality, sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ion levels indicates unstable ionic homeostasis. The mRNA expression and activity of NKA 1 α-subunit in pseudobranch as well as in true gills declined with the migration to upstream locations. The pseudobranchial CA activity almost mirrors its branchial counterpart most notably while hilsa entered the freshwater zone, in the upstream river suggesting its diverse role in hypo-osmotic regulatory acclimation. Nevertheless, the H+-ATPase activity of both the tissues increased with the freshwater entry and remained similar during up-river movement into the freshwater environment. The results confirm that the pseudobranchial NKA 1 α-subunit mRNA expression and activity mimic its branchial counterpart in the process of ionoregulatory acclimation during migration through salt barriers. Also, the increase in the activities of pseudobranchial and branchial CA in concert with H+-ATPase (HAT) during freshwater acclimation of hilsa suggests their critical involvement in ion uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Kumar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Gyandeep Gupta
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Subrata Dasgupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, 32 GN Block, Sector V, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 091, India.
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Varghese T, Rejish Kumar VJ, Anand G, Dasgupta S, Pal AK. Dietary GABA enhances hypoxia tolerance of a bottom-dwelling carp, Cirrhinus mrigala by modulating HIF-1α, thyroid hormones and metabolic responses. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:199-212. [PMID: 31637540 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Indian major carp, mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), is a bottom-dwelling fish that can survive hypoxic episodes in its natural environment. We hypothesise that it can better survive hypoxic conditions by altering metabolic responses through GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid) supplementation. In the first experiment, the hypoxia tolerance time of the fishes was evaluated under extreme anoxic conditions after feeding with GABA, which showed that GABA had improved survival time under hypoxia. To study the response of dietary GABA in hypoxia-exposed fish, the branchial HIF-1α expression levels, serum thyroid hormone levels and hepatic metabolic responses were assessed in the subsequent experiment. The treatment groups were fed for 60 days with experimental diets containing 4 levels of GABA (0.00% G, 0.50% G, 0.75% G and 1.0%G) and were subjected to 72-h hypoxia exposure (0.5 ± 0.02 mg L-1 dissolved oxygen (DO)) whereas a control group was maintained under normoxic conditions (6.0 ± 0.21 mg L-1 DO). The five treatment groups with three replicates were C0 (0% G + normoxia), H0 (0% G + hypoxia), H0.5 (0.50% G + hypoxia), H0.75 (0.75% G + hypoxia) and H1.0 (1.00% G + hypoxia). The results indicated that GABA supplementation triggered downregulation of HIF 1 alpha expression. When compared with the control group, decreased thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were observed in the GABA-fed hypoxic groups. However, TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) level remained unchanged in all the treatments. The LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) level in hypoxia-exposed groups was decreased by GABA supplementation. Our study demonstrated that GABA supplementation restores acute hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression, thyroid hormone levels and LDH activities. On the other hand, it enhanced the citrate synthase (CS) activities at 0.5-1.00%, which showed a sharp decline in hypoxia. Hypoxia caused increase in the serum metabolites such as glucose, lactate, cholesterol and triglycerides. However, GABA supplementation was partially effective in reducing glucose and lactate level while triglycerides and cholesterol values remained unchanged. Overall, our results suggested a potential role of GABA in suppressing metabolism during hypoxia exposure, which can increase the chances of survival of the species Cirrhinus mrigala during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tincy Varghese
- Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - V J Rejish Kumar
- Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, 682 506, India
| | - Garima Anand
- Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Subrata Dasgupta
- Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Asim Kumar Pal
- Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
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Dar SA, Srivastava PP, Rather MA, Varghese T, Rasool SI, Gupta S. Molecular and computational analysis of Ghrelin, growth hormone Secretagogues receptor and mRNA expression of Growth-related genes after exogenous administered ghrelin peptide in Labeo rohita. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:756-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dar SA, Srivastava PP, Varghese T, Gupta S, Krishna G, Nuzaiba PM, Leya T. Expression of Growth and Hunger Related Genes and Physio-Biochemical Responses in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Fed with Lysine and Betaine. Cell Physiol Biochem 2019; 53:851-864. [PMID: 31714043 DOI: 10.33594/000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The growth promoting effect of lysine and betaine as well as the expression of candidate genes reflecting their efficacy, such as ghrelin, leptin, Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R), Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF- 1) and Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) was examined in Labeo rohita fingerlings. METHODS One hundred eighty healthy juveniles from a homologous population were randomly distributed to 15 rectangular tanks of 150 litres capacity. The experiment was carried out for 60 days with five treatment groups consisting T1 (0.25% Betaine), T2 (0.5% Betaine), T3 (0.75% Lysine) and T4 (1.5% Lysine) and control group. The experiment was carried out for 60 days with five treatment groups consisting T1 (0.25% Betaine), T2 (0.5% Betaine), T3 (0.75% Lysine) and T4 (1.5% Lysine) and control group. At the end of trial, the growth parameters such as weight gain, SGR, PER were estimated from the weight of the triplicate groups. The digestive, metabolic and antioxidant enzymes were analysed using spectrophotometric methods. The intestine, brain and liver were sampled from the treatments and expression of different genes ghrelin, leptin, GHSR, IGF-1 and GHRH was also performed by realtime PCR. RESULTS A significant (P<0.05) increase in weight gain, SGR, PER and lowest FCR was found in T4 group which was significantly (p < 0.05) different from other experimental groups. The highest mRNA expression levels of expression were found in T4 group which was similar to that of ghrelin gene mRNA of T2 group. The significantly (p<0.05) highest GHSR, GHRH and IGF-1 gene expression levels were found in T4 treatment group compared to other groups. CONCLUSION The present study reveals that the lysine and betaine stimulate growth and expression of ghrelin GHRH, GHS-R and IGF-1 genes. The increase of IGF-I mRNA expression with lysine and betaine supplementation revealed that these compounds act as growth modulators. However, lysine was found to be a more potent modulator of growth compared to betaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Dar
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastava
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India,
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Gopal Krishna
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Pallath Muhammed Nuzaiba
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | - Tasok Leya
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
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Mir IN, Srivastava PP, Bhat IA, Dar SA, Sushila N, Varghese T, Muralidhar AP, Jain KK. Expression and activity of key lipases during the larval development of walking catfish (Clarias magur). J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2019; 332:149-157. [PMID: 31219664 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the expression and activity of key lipolytic enzymes during the ontogenetic development of Clarias magur. After partial characterization, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PL), and bile salt-activated lipase (BAL) genes along with the specific lipase activity were performed in larvae from Day 1 after hatching till 34-day posthatch (dph). Heterogeneous patterns of mRNA expression were shown by the important lipolytic enzymes and were detected before first exogenous feeding during the yolk-sac stage. LPL started increasing from 13 dph and peaked at 16 dph followed by a declining trend till 34 dph. However, the PL observed to be peaking at 9, 22, and 30 dph. Similarly, BAL showed an increasing trend from 11 to 22 dph with a significantly high level of mRNA expression at 16 dph. Later, the specific lipase activity was evaluated which appears at Day 1 after hatching with a progressive increase from 7 to 16 dph and a further declining trend afterwards with a peak at 22 dph. The results indicated the development of exocrine pancreas at 16 dph. Furthermore, the transcript levels and the activity of lipases were regulated with the age. Hence, the present study can be helpful in devising different strategies containing optimum lipid levels at a suitable stage of development for improving the survival during larval rearing. Furthermore, the study could be a baseline for elucidating the optimized dietary lipid levels of this catfish during its larval rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Nazir Mir
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Gumla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - P P Srivastava
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries Science, Gumla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Dar
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ngairangbam Sushila
- Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A P Muralidhar
- Division of Aquaculture, Kakinada Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K K Jain
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Carotid plaque rupture can result in stroke or transient ischemic attack that can be devastating for patients. Ultrasound strain imaging provides a noninvasive method to identify unstable plaque likely to rupture. Axial, lateral and shear strains in carotid plaque have been shown to be linked to carotid plaque instability. Recently, there has been interest in using principal strains, which do not depend on angle of insonification of the carotid artery for quantifying instability in plaque along the longitudinal view. In this work relationships between angle dependent axial, lateral and shear strain along with axis independent principal strains are compared. Three strain indices were defined, 1) Average Mean Strain (AMS), 2) Maximum Mean Strain (MMS) and 3) Mean Standard Deviation (MSD) to identify relationships between these five strain image types in a group of 76 in vivo patients. The maximum principal strain demonstrated the highest strain values when compared to axial strain for all patients with a linear regression slope of 1.6 and a y intercept of 2.4 percent strain for AMS. The maximum shear strain when compared to shear strain had a slope of 1.15 and a y intercept of 0.21 percent for AMS. Next, the effect of insonification angle, which is the angle subtended by the artery at the location of plaque was studied. Patients were divided into three sub groups, i.e. less than 5 degrees (n = 31), between 5 and 10 degrees (n = 24) and above 10 degrees (n = 21). The angle of insonification did not make a significant difference between the three angle groups when comparing the relationship between the angle dependent and independent strain values.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Meshram
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - C C Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - S M Wilbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - R J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - T Varghese
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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Meshram NH, Jackson D, Varghese T, Mitchell CC, Wilbrand SM, Dempsey RJ, Hermann BP. A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Cognition and Ultrasound-Based Vascular Strain Indices. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 35:46-55. [PMID: 30805597 PMCID: PMC7014973 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine the relationship between variability in the plaque strain distribution estimated using ultrasound with multiple cognitive domains including executive, language, visuospatial reasoning, and memory function. METHOD Asymptomatic (n = 42) and symptomatic (n = 34) patients with significant (>60%) carotid artery stenosis were studied for plaque instability using ultrasound strain imaging and multiple cognitive domains including executive, language, visuospatial reasoning, and memory function. Correlation and ROC analyses were performed between ultrasound strain indices and cognitive function. Strain indices and cognition scores were also compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients to determine whether there are significant group differences. RESULTS Association of high-strain distributions with dysexecutive function was observed in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. For memory, visuospatial, and language functions, the correlations between strain and cognition were weaker for the asymptomatic compared to symptomatic group. CONCLUSIONS Both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients demonstrate a relationship between vessel strain indices and executive function indicating that silent strokes and micro-emboli could initially contribute to a decline in executive function, whereas strokes and transient ischemic attacks may cause the further decline in other cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Meshram
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D Jackson
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Varghese
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C C Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S M Wilbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B P Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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26
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Dar SA, Srivastava PP, Varghese T, Nazir MI, Gupta S, Krishna G. Temporal changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and heat shock protein 70 gene expression, cortisol and antioxidant enzymes activity of Labeo rohita fingerlings subjected to starvation and refeeding. Gene 2019; 692:94-101. [PMID: 30633944 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A short term starvation and refeeding experiment was conducted to study the temporal changes in SOD, CAT and HSP70 gene expression of Labeo rohita fingerlings. The study was carried out for 15 days with initial 7 days of starvation and then refeeding up to 15th day of the experimental trial. The expressions of SOD and CAT genes of liver and gills were significantly up-regulated after 7 days of starvation, down-regulated after 3 days of refeeding, and returned to the basal values after 8 days of refeeding. The HSP70 gene expression was significantly (p < 0.05) increased after starvation, with highest mRNA expression found on 7th day and reduced to the levels of control on refeeding. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT were also studied to correlate with the results of gene expression. The changes in activities of SOD and CAT were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the starved group compared to the fed group. The dynamics of AST and ALT in serum revealed a progressive increase till the 7th day and decreased upon refeeding, cortisol level also has shown significant increase up to 7th day of starvation and sharp decline on refeeding. The concentration of blood glucose level start declining on 3rd day onwards with lowest level found on 7th day of starvation and was quickly restored to the levels of control on refeeding. The present study reveals that starvation elicits oxidative stress response as revealed by enhanced expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes, HSP 70 and serum biochemical alterations. However, these alterations were restored upon refeeding of L. rohita within 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Dar
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastava
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Mir Ishfaq Nazir
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Physiology, and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Gopal Krishna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
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Gopan A, Sahu N, Varghese T, Sardar P, Gupta S, Gupta G, Maiti M. Preparation of Protein Isolate from Neem Seed: Biochemical Evaluation, Antinutrients and In Vitro Digestibility Study. ANIM NUTR FEED TECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-181x.2019.00019.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ahmad Dar S, Srivastava PP, Varghese T, Irfan Rasool S, Anand G, Gupta S, Gireesh-Babu P, Krishna G. Regulation of compensatory growth by molecular mechanism in Labeo rohita juveniles under different feeding regimes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 261:89-96. [PMID: 29407384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A study was carried out to assess the regulation of compensatory growth under different restriction feeding regimes in Labeo rohita juveniles by the interaction of various feed intake and growth regulating genes. A 60 day feeding trial was conducted with five treatment groups, Control (3% body weight, bw), T1 (alternate days), T2 (0.5% bw), T3 (1% bw) and T4 (2% bw) and feeding was done for first 30 days of the trial. For next 30 days, all the treatment groups were fed at a rate of 3% bw as in the control group. There was significant (p < 0.05) difference in the weight gain among the treatment groups with lowest FCR and highest PER was found in T2 group. Ghrelin gene mRNA levels were upregulated during first 30th days of the trial with highest expression levels in the T2 group. The expression levels of leptin gene mRNA were found significantly different (p < 0.05) among the treatments, which was down-regulated during initial 30 days and upregulated as the experiment progress towards 60th day. The IGF-1 mRNA expression levels were upregulated more in liver compared to the muscle tissue. The results of the study suggest that increased ghrelin levels and decreased leptin levels lead to hyperphagia during the onset of refeeding, which further triggers the compensatory growth in L. rohita. The present study describes the molecular mechanism behind the compensatory growth following a different feed restriction regime in L. rohita which is regulated due to the interaction of different energy homeostasis and growth regulating genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Dar
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastava
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Sheikh Irfan Rasool
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Garima Anand
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - P Gireesh-Babu
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - Gopal Krishna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
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Sheelakumari R, Kesavadas C, Varghese T, Sreedharan RM, Thomas B, Verghese J, Mathuranath PS. Assessment of Iron Deposition in the Brain in Frontotemporal Dementia and Its Correlation with Behavioral Traits. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1953-1958. [PMID: 28838910 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brain iron deposition has been implicated as a major culprit in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. However, the quantitative assessment of iron in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia brains has not been performed, to our knowledge. The aim of our study was to investigate the characteristic iron levels in the frontotemporal dementia subtypes using susceptibility-weighted imaging and report its association with behavioral profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 46 patients with frontotemporal dementia (34 with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and 12 with primary progressive aphasia) and 34 age-matched healthy controls. We performed behavioral and neuropsychological assessment in all the subjects. The quantitative iron load was determined on SWI in the superior frontal gyrus and temporal pole, precentral gyrus, basal ganglia, anterior cingulate, frontal white matter, head and body of the hippocampus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, insula, and dentate nucleus. A linear regression analysis was performed to correlate iron content and behavioral scores in patients. RESULTS The iron content of the bilateral superior frontal and temporal gyri, anterior cingulate, putamen, right hemispheric precentral gyrus, insula, hippocampus, and red nucleus was higher in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia than in controls. Patients with primary progressive aphasia had increased iron levels in the left superior temporal gyrus. In addition, right superior frontal gyrus iron deposition discriminated behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia from primary progressive aphasia. A strong positive association was found between apathy and iron content in the superior frontal gyrus and disinhibition and iron content in the putamen. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative assessment of iron deposition with SWI may serve as a new biomarker in the diagnostic work-up of frontotemporal dementia and help distinguish frontotemporal dementia subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sheelakumari
- From the Cognition and Behavioural Neurology Section, Department of Neurology (R.S., T.V., P.S.M.)
| | - C Kesavadas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology (C.K., B.T.), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - T Varghese
- From the Cognition and Behavioural Neurology Section, Department of Neurology (R.S., T.V., P.S.M.)
| | - R M Sreedharan
- Department of Radiodiagnostics (R.M.S.), Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - B Thomas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology (C.K., B.T.), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - J Verghese
- Integrated Divisions of Cognitive and Motor Aging (Neurology) and Geriatrics (Medicine) (J.V.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - P S Mathuranath
- From the Cognition and Behavioural Neurology Section, Department of Neurology (R.S., T.V., P.S.M.) .,Department of Neurology (P.S.M.), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Banglore, Karnataka, India
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Meshram NH, Varghese T, Mitchell CC, Jackson DC, Wilbrand SM, Hermann BP, Dempsey RJ. Quantification of carotid artery plaque stability with multiple region of interest based ultrasound strain indices and relationship with cognition. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:6341-6360. [PMID: 28594333 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa781f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerability and instability in carotid artery plaque has been assessed based on strain variations using noninvasive ultrasound imaging. We previously demonstrated that carotid plaques with higher strain indices in a region of interest (ROI) correlated to patients with lower cognition, probably due to cerebrovascular emboli arising from these unstable plaques. This work attempts to characterize the strain distribution throughout the entire plaque region instead of being restricted to a single localized ROI. Multiple ROIs are selected within the entire plaque region, based on thresholds determined by the maximum and average strains in the entire plaque, enabling generation of additional relevant strain indices. Ultrasound strain imaging of carotid plaques, was performed on 60 human patients using an 18L6 transducer coupled to a Siemens Acuson S2000 system to acquire radiofrequency data over several cardiac cycles. Patients also underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests under a protocol based on National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Canadian Stroke Network guidelines. Correlation of strain indices with composite cognitive index of executive function revealed a negative association relating high strain to poor cognition. Patients grouped into high and low cognition groups were then classified using these additional strain indices. One of our newer indices, namely the average L - 1 norm with plaque (AL1NWP) presented with significantly improved correlation with executive function when compared to our previously reported maximum accumulated strain indices. An optimal combination of three of the new indices generated classifiers of patient cognition with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.880, 0.921 and 0.905 for all (n = 60), symptomatic (n = 33) and asymptomatic patients (n = 27) whereas classifiers using maximum accumulated strain indices alone provided AUC values of 0.817, 0.815 and 0.813 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Meshram
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI-53706, United States of America. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI-53706, United States of America
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Varghese T, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Mishal P, Dasgupta S. Effects of hypoxia and dietary vitamin E on growth performance and oxidative status of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham., 1822). ANIM BIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-00002526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is of importance for several physiological processes, some of which also apply to fish. Here, we conducted an experiment to assess the effect of environmental hypoxia and dietary vitamin E on oxidative status and tissue injury in a bottom dwelling carp,Cirrhinus mrigala(Ham., 1822). The four treatments combined oxygen availability (Normoxia/Hypoxua) and Vitamin E presence/absence. Lipid peroxidation parameters such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR), peroxide value (PV), polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratio, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and erythrocyte fragility were assessed. The results indicate that exposure to hypoxia elevates these parameters. However, the supplementation of vitamin E via the diet effectively reduced erythrocyte membrane damage (EF) and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), which were enhanced by the exposure to hypoxia. Dietary vitamin E also improved antioxidant enzyme status in the hypoxia exposed fish, as indicated by the decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Vitamin E supplementation also compensated for increased levels of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and an increased polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acid ratio resulting from the exposure to hypoxia. Overall, it can be concluded that fortification of vitamin E in the diet of this carp species, and possibly other fish that live under hypoxic conditions, can restore the antioxidant status and well-being to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tincy Varghese
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, India
| | - Asim Kumar Pal
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, India
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, India
| | - Puthiyottil Mishal
- Feed Research Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-700120, India
| | - Subrata Dasgupta
- Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, India
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A S, K P P, K K B, S G, Varghese T. Influence of electron beam irradiation on structural and optical properties of α-Ag2WO4 nanoparticles. Micron 2016; 88:1-6. [PMID: 27223824 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The influence of 8MeV electron beam irradiation on the structural and optical properties of silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4) nanoparticles synthesized by chemical precipitation method was investigated. The dose dependent effect of electron irradiation was investigated by various characterization techniques such as, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. Systematic studies confirm that electron beam irradiation induces non-stoichiometry, defects and particle size variation on α-Ag2WO4, which in turn results changes in optical band gap, photoluminescence spectra and Raman bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi A
- Dept. of Applied Science and Humanities, Thejus Engineering College, Thrissur 680584, Kerala, India; Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Priyanka K P
- Nanoscience Research Centre (NSRC), Dept. of Physics, Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha 686 661, Kerala, India
| | - Babitha K K
- Nanoscience Research Centre (NSRC), Dept. of Physics, Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha 686 661, Kerala, India
| | - Ganesh S
- Dept. of Physics, Mangalore University, Mangalagamgotri, Karnataka, India
| | - T Varghese
- Nanoscience Research Centre (NSRC), Dept. of Physics, Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha 686 661, Kerala, India.
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Wang X, Mitchell CC, Varghese T, Jackson DC, Rocque BG, Hermann BP, Dempsey RJ. Improved Correlation of Strain Indices with Cognitive Dysfunction with Inclusion of Adventitial Layer with Carotid Plaque. Ultrason Imaging 2016; 38:194-208. [PMID: 26025578 PMCID: PMC4662918 DOI: 10.1177/0161734615589252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plaque instability may lead to chronic embolization, which in turn may contribute to progressive cognitive decline. Accumulated strain tensor indices over a cardiac cycle within a pulsating carotid plaque may be viable biomarkers for the diagnosis of plaque instability. Using plaque-only carotid artery segmentations, we recently demonstrated that impaired cognitive function correlated significantly with maximum axial and lateral strain indices within a localized region of interest in plaque. Inclusion of the adventitial layer focuses our strain or instability measures on the vessel wall-plaque interface hypothesized to be a region with increased shearing forces and measureable instability. A hierarchical block-matching motion tracking algorithm developed in our laboratory was used to estimate accumulated axial, lateral, and shear strain distribution in plaques identified with the plaque-with-adventitia segmentation. Correlations of strain indices to the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Total score were performed and compared with previous results. Overall, correlation coefficients (r) and significance (p) values improved for axial, lateral, and shear strain indices. Shear strain indices, however, demonstrated the largest improvement. The Pearson correlation coefficients for maximum shear strain and cognition improved from the previous plaque-only analyses of -0.432 and -0.345 to -0.795 and -0.717 with the plaque-with-adventitia segmentation for the symptomatic group and for all patients combined, respectively. Our results demonstrate the advantage of including adventitia for ultrasound carotid strain imaging providing improved association to parameters assessing cognitive impairment in patients. This supports theories of the importance of the vessel wall plaque interface in the pathophysiology of embolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C C Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - T Varghese
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D C Jackson
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - B G Rocque
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B P Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - R J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Good RT, Varghese T, Golz JF, Russell DA, Papanicolaou A, Edwards O, Robin C. OfftargetFinder: a web tool for species-specific RNAi design. Bioinformatics 2015; 32:1232-4. [PMID: 26704598 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION RNA interference (RNAi) technology is being developed as a weapon for pest insect control. To maximize the specificity that such an approach affords we have developed a bioinformatic web tool that searches the ever-growing arthropod transcriptome databases so that pest-specific RNAi sequences can be identified. This will help technology developers finesse the design of RNAi sequences and suggests which non-target species should be assessed in the risk assessment process. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://rnai.specifly.org CONTACT crobin@unimelb.edu.au.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Good
- The Bio21 Institute School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - T Varghese
- CSIRO National Facilities and Collections, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J F Golz
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - D A Russell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - A Papanicolaou
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - O Edwards
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - C Robin
- The Bio21 Institute School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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Abstract
This paper presents a method for directly estimating slope values in a noisy piecewise linear function. By imposing a Markov structure on the sequence of slopes, piecewise linear fitting is posed as a maximum a posteriori estimation problem. A dynamic program efficiently solves this by traversing a linearly growing trellis. The alternating maximization algorithm (a kind of pseudo-EM method) is used to estimate the model parameters from data and its convergence behavior is analyzed. Ultrasound shear wave imaging is presented as a primary application. The algorithm is general enough for applicability in other fields, as suggested by an application to the estimation of shifts in financial interest rate data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Ingle
- Depts. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Depts. of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W. A. Sethares
- Depts. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T. Varghese
- Depts. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Depts. of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J. A. Bucklew
- Depts. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Wang X, Jackson D, Mitchell C, Varghese T, Hermann B, Kliewer M, Dempsey RJ. Estimation of ultrasound strain indices in carotid plaque and correlation to cognitive dysfunction. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2014; 2014:5627-30. [PMID: 25571271 PMCID: PMC4288023 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carotid plaque prone to release emboli may be predicted by increased strain variations within plaque due to arterial pulsation over a cardiac cycle. Non-invasive ultrasound strain imaging may therefore be a viable surrogate to determine the risk of embolic stroke and possible cognitive impairment. Ultrasound strain imaging was performed on 24 human subjects with significant plaque, who also underwent standardized cognitive assessment (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS)) prior to a carotid endarterectomy (CEA) procedure. Radiofrequency signals were acquired using a Siemens Antares with a VFX 13-5 linear array transducer. Plaque regions were segmented by a radiologist at end-diastole using the Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit. A hierarchical block-matching motion tracking algorithm was utilized to estimate the cumulated axial, lateral, and shear strains within the imaging plane. The maximum strain indices of the plaque, defined as mean accumulated strain over a small region of interest in the plaque with large deformations, were obtained. All the strain indices were then correlated with RBANS Total score. Overall cognitive performance was negatively associated with maximum axial and lateral strains respectively. The results demonstrate a direct relationship between the maximum axial and lateral strain indices in carotid plaque and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA, phone: 608-772-8929; fax: 608-262-2413
| | - D.C. Jackson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA, phone: 608-772-8929; fax: 608-262-2413
| | - C.C. Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - T. Varghese
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA, phone: 608-772-8929; fax: 608-262-2413
| | - B.P. Hermann
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA, phone: 608-772-8929; fax: 608-262-2413
| | - M.A. Kliewer
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA, phone: 608-772-8929; fax: 608-262-2413
| | - R. J. Dempsey
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA, phone: 608-772-8929; fax: 608-262-2413
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Wang X, Mitchell C, Jackson D, Varghese T, Hermann B, Kliewer M, Dempsey R. WE-E-134-10: Correlation of Cognitive Function with Ultrasound Strain Indices. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ma C, Varghese T. WE-E-134-11: Ultrasound Cardiac Strain Imaging of Left Ventricle Using Lagrangian Tracking. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wang X, Salamat S, Varghese T, Dempsey R. WE-E-134-08: Characterization of Carotid Plaque with Histology and Quantitative Ultrasound. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ma C, Varghese T. WE-E-134-09: Evaluation of the Performance of Cardiac Displacement and Strain Imaging Using Radiofrequency and Envelope Signals. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Rubert N, Varghese T. SU-E-I-101: Multi Taper Coherence Measurements for Characterizing Scatterer Number Density. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
A hierarchical block-matching motion tracking algorithm for strain imaging is presented. Displacements are estimated with improved robustness and precision by utilizing a Bayesian regularization algorithm and an unbiased subsample interpolation technique. A modified least-squares strain estimator is proposed to estimate strain images from a noisy displacement input while addressing the motion discontinuity at the wall-lumen boundary. Methods to track deformation over the cardiac cycle incorporate a dynamic frame skip criterion to process data frames with sufficient deformation to produce high signal-to-noise displacement and strain images. Algorithms to accumulate displacement and/or strain on particles in a region of interest over the cardiac cycle are described. New methods to visualize and characterize the deformation measured with the full 2D strain tensor are presented. Initial results from patients imaged prior to carotid endarterectomy suggest that strain imaging detects conditions that are traditionally considered high risk including soft plaque composition, unstable morphology, abnormal hemodynamics and shear of plaque against tethering tissue can be exacerbated by neoangiogenesis. For example, a maximum absolute principal strain exceeding 0.2 is observed near calcified regions adjacent to turbulent flow, protrusion of the plaque into the arterial lumen and regions of low echogenicity associated with soft plaques. Non-invasive carotid strain imaging is therefore a potentially useful tool for detecting unstable carotid plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCormick
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Varghese T. 239. Long term results of unique drainless breast oncoplastic surgery (Thomas' technique), reported for the first time. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Varghese T. 538. Horizontal Lateral Thyroidectomy-Thomas' Technique - a Novel Anatomical Approach Based on 3D Interactive Digital Anatomy for Superior Results. Feasibility Study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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DeWall R, Varghese T, Madsen E. TU-A-220-05: Imaging Shear Wave Velocity Using Thermal Ablation Electrode Vibration. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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DeWall R, Bharat S, Varghese T, Hanson M, Kliewer M. SU-E-I-161: Quantifying the Viscoelastic Properties of Human Hepatic Malignancies Using Dynamic Compression Testing. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Xu H, Varghese T, Madsen EL. TU-E-220-06: Simulation and Tissue-Mimicking Phantom Validation of Shear Strain Imaging for Mass Differentiation. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Xu H, Rao M, Varghese T, Sommer A, Baker S, Hall T, Sisney G, Burnside E. TU-E-201C-02: Breast Mass Differentiation Using Axial Shear Strain Imaging. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Varghese T, Daniels M. TU-E-201C-03: Dynamic Frame Selection for In-Vivo Ultrasound Temperature Estimation during Radiofrequency Ablation. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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