1
|
Ahrends T, Aydin B, Matheis F, Classon CH, Marchildon F, Furtado GC, Lira SA, Mucida D. Enteric pathogens induce tissue tolerance and prevent neuronal loss from subsequent infections. Cell 2021; 184:5715-5727.e12. [PMID: 34717799 PMCID: PMC8595755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) controls several intestinal functions including motility and nutrient handling, which can be disrupted by infection-induced neuropathies or neuronal cell death. We investigated possible tolerance mechanisms preventing neuronal loss and disruption in gut motility after pathogen exposure. We found that following enteric infections, muscularis macrophages (MMs) acquire a tissue-protective phenotype that prevents neuronal loss, dysmotility, and maintains energy balance during subsequent challenge with unrelated pathogens. Bacteria-induced neuroprotection relied on activation of gut-projecting sympathetic neurons and signaling via β2-adrenergic receptors (β2AR) on MMs. In contrast, helminth-mediated neuroprotection was dependent on T cells and systemic production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 by eosinophils, which induced arginase-expressing MMs that prevented neuronal loss from an unrelated infection located in a different intestinal region. Collectively, these data suggest that distinct enteric pathogens trigger a state of disease or tissue tolerance that preserves ENS number and functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ahrends
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Begüm Aydin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanny Matheis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cajsa H Classon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - François Marchildon
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gláucia C Furtado
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sérgio A Lira
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Aslam MA, Alemdehy MF, van den Brand T, McLean C, Vlaming H, van Welsem T, Korthout T, Lancini C, Hendriks S, Ahrends T, van Dinther D, den Haan JMM, Borst J, de Wit E, van Leeuwen F, Jacobs H. The histone methyltransferase DOT1L prevents antigen-independent differentiation and safeguards epigenetic identity of CD8 + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20706-20716. [PMID: 32764145 PMCID: PMC7456197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920372117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cell differentiation is guided by epigenome adaptations, but how epigenetic mechanisms control lymphocyte development has not been well defined. Here we show that the histone methyltransferase DOT1L, which marks the nucleosome core on active genes, safeguards normal differentiation of CD8+ T cells. T cell-specific ablation of Dot1L resulted in loss of naïve CD8+ T cells and premature differentiation toward a memory-like state, independent of antigen exposure and in a cell-intrinsic manner. Mechanistically, DOT1L controlled CD8+ T cell differentiation by ensuring normal T cell receptor density and signaling. DOT1L also maintained epigenetic identity, in part by indirectly supporting the repression of developmentally regulated genes. Finally, deletion of Dot1L in T cells resulted in an impaired immune response. Through our study, DOT1L is emerging as a central player in physiology of CD8+ T cells, acting as a barrier to prevent premature differentiation and controlling epigenetic integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Assad Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mir Farshid Alemdehy
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van den Brand
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chelsea McLean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Vlaming
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tibor van Welsem
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessy Korthout
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cesare Lancini
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Hendriks
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieke van Dinther
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred van Leeuwen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matheis F, Muller PA, Graves CL, Gabanyi I, Kerner ZJ, Costa-Borges D, Ahrends T, Rosenstiel P, Mucida D. Adrenergic Signaling in Muscularis Macrophages Limits Infection-Induced Neuronal Loss. Cell 2020; 180:64-78.e16. [PMID: 31923400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enteric-associated neurons (EANs) are closely associated with immune cells and continuously monitor and modulate homeostatic intestinal functions, including motility and nutrient sensing. Bidirectional interactions between neuronal and immune cells are altered during disease processes such as neurodegeneration or irritable bowel syndrome. We investigated the effects of infection-induced inflammation on intrinsic EANs (iEANs) and the role of intestinal muscularis macrophages (MMs) in this context. Using murine models of enteric infections, we observed long-term gastrointestinal symptoms, including reduced motility and loss of excitatory iEANs, which was mediated by a Nlrp6- and Casp11-dependent mechanism, depended on infection history, and could be reversed by manipulation of the microbiota. MMs responded to luminal infection by upregulating a neuroprotective program via β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) signaling and mediated neuronal protection through an arginase 1-polyamine axis. Our results identify a mechanism of neuronal death post-infection and point to a role for tissue-resident MMs in limiting neuronal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Matheis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul A Muller
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Christina L Graves
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ilana Gabanyi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zachary J Kerner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Diego Costa-Borges
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iglesias-Guimarais V, Ahrends T, de Vries E, Knobeloch KP, Volkov A, Borst J. IFN-Stimulated Gene 15 Is an Alarmin that Boosts the CTL Response via an Innate, NK Cell-Dependent Route. J Immunol 2020; 204:2110-2121. [PMID: 32169846 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFN is produced upon infection and tissue damage and induces the expression of many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that encode host-protective proteins. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like molecule that can be conjugated to proteins but is also released from cells in a free form. Free, extracellular ISG15 is suggested to have an immune-regulatory role, based on disease phenotypes of ISG15-deficient humans and mice. However, the underlying mechanisms by which free ISG15 would act as a "cytokine" are unclear and much debated. We, in this study, demonstrate in a clinically relevant mouse model of therapeutic vaccination that free ISG15 is an alarmin that induces tissue alert, characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling, myeloid cell infiltration, and inflammation. Moreover, free ISG15 is a potent adjuvant for the CTL response. ISG15 produced at the vaccination site promoted the vaccine-specific CTL response by enhancing expansion, short-lived effector and effector/memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells. The function of free ISG15 as an extracellular ligand was demonstrated, because the equivalents in murine ISG15 of 2 aa recently implicated in binding of human ISG15 to LFA-1 in vitro were required for its adjuvant effect in vivo. Moreover, in further agreement with the in vitro findings on human cells, free ISG15 boosted the CTL response in vivo via NK cells in the absence of CD4+ T cell help. Thus, free ISG15 is part of a newly recognized innate route to promote the CTL response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Iglesias-Guimarais
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evert de Vries
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical School, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical School, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andriy Volkov
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical School, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical School, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bąbała N, Bovens A, de Vries E, Iglesias-Guimarais V, Ahrends T, Krummel MF, Borst J, Bins AD. Subcellular Localization of Antigen in Keratinocytes Dictates Delivery of CD4 + T-cell Help for the CTL Response upon Therapeutic DNA Vaccination into the Skin. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:835-847. [PMID: 29764836 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a mouse model of therapeutic DNA vaccination, we studied how the subcellular localization of vaccine protein impacts antigen delivery to professional antigen-presenting cells and efficiency of CTL priming. Cytosolic, membrane-bound, nuclear, and secretory versions of ZsGreen fluorescent protein, conjugated to MHC class I and II ovalbumin (OVA) epitopes, were expressed in keratinocytes by DNA vaccination into the skin. ZsGreen-OVA versions reached B cells in the skin-draining lymph node (dLN) that proved irrelevant for CTL priming. ZsGreen-OVA versions were also actively transported to the dLN by dendritic cells (DC). In the dLN, vaccine proteins localized to classical (c)DCs of the migratory XCR1+ and XCR- subtypes, and-to a lesser extent-to LN-resident cDCs. Secretory ZsGreen-OVA induced the best antitumor CTL response, even though its delivery to cDCs in the dLN was significantly less efficient than for other vaccine proteins. Secretory ZsGreen-OVA protein proved superior in CTL priming, because it led to in vivo engagement of antigen-loaded XCR1+, but not XCR1-, cDCs. Secretory ZsGreen-OVA also maximally solicited CD4+ T-cell help. The suboptimal CTL response to the other ZsGreen-OVA versions was improved by engaging costimulatory receptor CD27, which mimics CD4+ T-cell help. Thus, in therapeutic DNA vaccination into the skin, mere inclusion of helper epitopes does not ensure delivery of CD4+ T-cell help for the CTL response. Targeting of the vaccine protein to the secretory route of keratinocytes is required to engage XCR1+ cDC and CD4+ T-cell help and thus to promote CTL priming. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(7); 835-47. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Bąbała
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Bovens
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evert de Vries
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victoria Iglesias-Guimarais
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan D Bins
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahrends T, Borst J. The opposing roles of CD4 + T cells in anti-tumour immunity. Immunology 2018; 154:582-592. [PMID: 29700809 PMCID: PMC6050207 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy focuses mainly on anti-tumour activity of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs can directly kill all tumour cell types, provided they carry recognizable antigens. However, CD4+ T cells also play important roles in anti-tumour immunity. CD4+ T cells can either suppress or promote the anti-tumour CTL response, either in secondary lymphoid organs or in the tumour. In this review, we highlight opposing mechanisms of conventional and regulatory T cells at both sites. We outline how current cancer immunotherapy strategies affect both subsets and how selective modulation of each subset is important to maximize the clinical response of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ahrends
- Division of Tumour Biology and ImmunologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumour Biology and ImmunologyThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ahrends T, Spanjaard A, Pilzecker B, Bąbała N, Bovens A, Xiao Y, Jacobs H, Borst J. CD4 + T Cell Help Confers a Cytotoxic T Cell Effector Program Including Coinhibitory Receptor Downregulation and Increased Tissue Invasiveness. Immunity 2017; 47:848-861.e5. [PMID: 29126798 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells optimize the cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response in magnitude and quality, by unknown molecular mechanisms. We here present the transcriptomic changes in CTLs resulting from CD4+ T cell help after anti-cancer vaccination or virus infection. The gene expression signatures revealed that CD4+ T cell help during priming optimized CTLs in expression of cytotoxic effector molecules and many other functions that ensured efficacy of CTLs throughout their life cycle. Key features included downregulation of PD-1 and other coinhibitory receptors that impede CTL activity, and increased motility and migration capacities. "Helped" CTLs acquired chemokine receptors that helped them reach their tumor target tissue and metalloprotease activity that enabled them to invade into tumor tissue. A very large part of the "help" program was instilled in CD8+ T cells via CD27 costimulation. The help program thus enhances specific CTL effector functions in response to vaccination or a virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ahrends
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Spanjaard
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolina Bąbała
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Bovens
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahrends T, Bąbała N, Xiao Y, Yagita H, van Eenennaam H, Borst J. CD27 Agonism Plus PD-1 Blockade Recapitulates CD4+ T-cell Help in Therapeutic Anticancer Vaccination. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2921-31. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Beck-Engeser GB, Ahrends T, Knittel G, Wabl R, Metzner M, Eilat D, Wabl M. Infectivity and insertional mutagenesis of endogenous retrovirus in autoimmune NZB and B/W mice. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:3396-3410. [PMID: 26315139 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine leukaemia virus has been suggested to contribute to both autoimmune disease and leukaemia in the NZB mouse and in the (NZB × NZW) F1 (abbreviated B/W) mouse. However, with apparently only xenotropic but no ecotropic virus constitutively expressed in these mice, few mechanisms could explain the aetiology of either disease in either mouse strain. Because pseudotyped and/or inducible ecotropic virus may play a role, we surveyed the ability of murine leukaemia virus in NZB, NZW and B/W mice to infect and form a provirus. From the spleen of NZB mice, we isolated circular cDNA of xenotropic and polytropic virus, which indicates ongoing infection by these viruses. From a B/W lymphoma, we isolated and determined the complete sequence of a putative ecotropic NZW virus. From B/W mice, we recovered de novo endogenous retroviral integration sites (tags) from the hyperproliferating cells of the spleen and the peritoneum. The tagged genes seemed to be selected to aid cellular proliferation, as several of them are known cancer genes. The insertions are consistent with the idea that endogenous retrovirus contributes to B-cell hyperproliferation and progression to lymphoma in B/W mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele B Beck-Engeser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA
| | - Gero Knittel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA
| | - Rafael Wabl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA
| | - Mirjam Metzner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA
| | - Dan Eilat
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital and The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Matthias Wabl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wierzbicka JM, Binek A, Ahrends T, Nowacka JD, Szydłowska A, Turczyk Ł, Wąsiewicz T, Wierzbicki PM, Sądej R, Tuckey RC, Slominski AT, Chybicki J, Adrych K, Kmieć Z, Żmijewski MA. Differential antitumor effects of vitamin D analogues on colorectal carcinoma in culture. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1084-96. [PMID: 26260259 PMCID: PMC4532196 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an emerging global problem with the rapid increase in its incidence being associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. Epidemiological studies have shown that decreased levels of vitamin D3 significantly increases the risk of CRC. Furthermore, negative effects of vitamin D3 deficiency can be compensated by appropriate supplementation. Vitamin D3 was shown to inhibit growth and induce differentiation of cancer cells, however, excessive vitamin D3 intake leads to hypercalcemia. Thus, development of efficient vitamin D3 analogues with limited impact on calcium homeostasis is an important scientific and clinically relevant task. The aims of the present study were to compare the antiproliferative potential of classic vitamin D3 metabolites (1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3) with selected low calcemic analogues (calcipotriol and 20(OH)D3) on CRC cell lines and to investigate the expression of vitamin D-related genes in CRC cell lines and clinical samples. Vitamin D3 analogues exerted anti-proliferative effects on all CRC cell lines tested. Calcipotriol proved to be as potent as 1α,25(OH)2D3 and had more efficacy than 20-hydroxyvitamin D3. In addition, the analogs tested effectively inhibited the formation of colonies in Matrigel. The expression of genes involved in 1α,25(OH)2D3 signaling and metabolism varied in cell lines analysed, which explains in part their different sensitivities to the various analogues. In CRC biopsies, there was decreased VDR expression in tumor samples in comparison to the surgical margin and healthy colon samples (p<0.01). The present study indicates that vitamin D3 analogues which have low calcemic activity, such as calcipotriol or 20(OH)D3, are very promising candidates for CRC therapy. Moreover, expression profiling of vitamin D-related genes is likely to be a powerful tool in the planning of anticancer therapy. Decreased levels of VDR and increased CYP24A1 expression in clinical samples underline the importance of deregulation of vitamin D pathways in the development of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Wierzbicka
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Binek
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - T Ahrends
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J D Nowacka
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A Szydłowska
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ł Turczyk
- Students Scientific Association BIO‑MED, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - T Wąsiewicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - P M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - R Sądej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - R C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA, Australia
| | - A T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J Chybicki
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Ministry Internal Affairs, 80104 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Adrych
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Z Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Knittel G, Metzner M, Beck-Engeser G, Kan A, Ahrends T, Eilat D, Huppi K, Wabl M. Insertional hypermutation in mineral oil-induced plasmacytomas. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2785-801. [PMID: 24975032 PMCID: PMC4165787 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Unless stimulated by a chronic inflammatory agent, such as mineral oil, plasma cell tumors are rare in young BALB/c mice. This raises the questions: What do inflammatory tissues provide to promote mutagenesis? And what is the nature of mutagenesis? We determined that mineral oil-induced plasmacytomas produce large amounts of endogenous retroelements--ecotropic and polytropic murine leukemia virus and intracisternal A particles. Therefore, plasmacytoma formation might occur, in part, by de novo insertion of these retroelements, induced or helped by the inflammation. We recovered up to ten de novo insertions in a single plasmacytoma, mostly in genes with common retroviral integration sites. Additional integrations accompany tumor evolution from a solid tumor through several generations in cell culture. The high frequency of de novo integrations into cancer genes suggests that endogenous retroelements are coresponsible for plasmacytoma formation and progression in BALB/c mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gero Knittel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Mirjam Metzner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Gabriele Beck-Engeser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Ada Kan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Tomasz Ahrends
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Dan Eilat
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital and The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Konrad Huppi
- National Cancer Institute, Genetics Branch, Gene Silencing Section, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthias Wabl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zaczek AJ, Ahrends T, Markiewicz A, Seroczynska B, Szade J, Welnicka-Jaskiewicz M, Jassem J. Abstract P5-04-01: Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers in primary tumors and matched lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p5-04-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Malignant tumors may include multiple cancer cell populations with various metastatic potential. More aggressive subpopulations might easier be captured in lymph nodes metastases (LNM) than in primary tumors (PT). We evaluated mRNA and protein levels of master EMT regulators: TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG, protein levels of EMT-related markers: E-cadherin, vimentin, and expression of classical breast cancer receptors: HER2, ER and PR in PT and corresponding LNM. The results were correlated with clinicopathological data and patient outcomes.
Methods. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from PT and matched LNM from 42 stage II-III breast cancer patients were examined. Expression of TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG was measured by RT-qPCR, with median as cut off for positive result. Protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. For TWIST1, SNAIL, SLUG, E-cadherin and vimentin >10% of positively stained cells defined positive result. ER and PR were scored according to Allred system, and HER2 - according to HercepTest criteria. Results were considered concordant if PT and LNM were both positive or both negative. Concordance was measured by estimating Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ), with κ value equal 1 indicating perfect agreement. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using F-Cox test. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using Cox regression analysis.
Results. On average, expression of TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG was significantly higher in LNM compared to PT (P < 0.00001 for all). Gene and protein levels of TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG were highly discordant between PT and matched LNM (Tab 1). Receptor conversion, particularly loss of ER and PgR, occurred in 18% and 29% of cases, respectively. Increased expression of TWIST1 and SNAIL in LNM was associated with shorter OS (p = 0.045 and p = 0.022, respectively) and DFS (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively), whereas their expression in PT had no prognostic impact. Negative-to-positive switch of TWIST, SNAIL and vimentin correlated with shorter OS and DFS. Conversion of ER and PR had no significant impact on survival.
Conclusions. LNM are enriched in cells with more aggressive phenotype, marked by elevated levels of EMT regulators. High expression of TWIST1 and SNAIL in LNM, as well as negative-to-positive conversion of both TWIST1 and SNAIL confer worse prognosis, confirming the correlation of EMT with aggressive disease behavior.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AJ Zaczek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - T Ahrends
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - A Markiewicz
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - B Seroczynska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - J Szade
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - M Welnicka-Jaskiewicz
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - J Jassem
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Markiewicz A, Ahrends T, Wełnicka-Jaśkiewicz M, Seroczyńska B, Skokowski J, Jaśkiewicz J, Szade J, Biernat W, Zaczek AJ. Expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related markers in lymph node metastases as a surrogate for primary tumor metastatic potential in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2012; 10:226. [PMID: 23157797 PMCID: PMC3524044 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancers are phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous tumors containing multiple cancer cell populations with various metastatic potential. Aggressive tumor cell subpopulations might more easily be captured in lymph nodes metastases (LNM) than in primary tumors (PT). We evaluated mRNA and protein levels of master EMT regulators: TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG, protein levels of EMT-related markers: E-cadherin, vimentin, and expression of classical breast cancer receptors: HER2, ER and PgR in PT and corresponding LNM. The results were correlated with clinicopathological data and patients outcomes. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from PT and matched LNM from 42 stage II-III breast cancer patients were examined. Expression of TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG was measured by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Kaplan-Meier curves for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using F-Cox test. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using Cox regression analysis. Results On average, mRNA expression of TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG was significantly higher in LNM compared to PT (P < 0.00001 for all). Gene and protein levels of TWIST1, SNAIL and SLUG were highly discordant between PT and matched LNM. Increased mRNA expression of TWIST1 and SNAIL in LNM was associated with shorter OS (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively) and DFS (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively), whereas their expression in PT had no prognostic impact. Negative-to-positive switch of SNAIL protein correlated with decreased OS and DFS (HR = 4.6; 1.1-18.7; P = 0.03 and HR = 3.8; 1.0-48.7; P = 0.05, respectively). Conclusions LNM are enriched in cells with more aggressive phenotype, marked by elevated levels of EMT regulators. High expression of TWIST1 and SNAIL in LNM, as well as negative-to-positive conversion of SNAIL confer worse prognosis, confirming the correlation of EMT with aggressive disease behavior. Thus, molecular profiling of LNM may be used as surrogate marker for aggressiveness and metastatic potential of PT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahrends T, Markiewicz A, Nowialis P, Seroczynska B, Skokowski J, Szade J, Welnicka-Jaskiewicz M, Zaczek A. 95P Comparison of Expression Levels of Twist, Snail and Slug in Primary Tumors and Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(19)65738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|