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Yabe I, Ohta M, Egashira T, Sato K, Kano T, Hirotani M, Kunieda Y, Sasaki H. Effectiveness of zonisamide in a patient with Parkinson's disease and various levodopa-induced psychotic symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yabe
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Midori Ohta
- Rehabilitation Center; Wakkanai City Hospital; Wakkanai City Japan
| | - Toshiaki Egashira
- Department of Psychiatry; Wakkanai City Hospital; Wakkanai City Japan
| | - Kazunori Sato
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Takahiro Kano
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Makoto Hirotani
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kunieda
- Department of Internal Medicine; Wakkanai City Hospital; Wakkanai Japan
| | - Hidenao Sasaki
- Department of Neurology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
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Takagi A, Nagano M, Iwanaga T, Ito N, Hattori H, Egashira T, Ikeda Y. P231 IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOUND HETEROZYGOUS DEFICIENCY WITH A NOVEL LARGE DELETION AND Y61X OF THE LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE GENE IN JAPANESE SUBJECT. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Takagi A, Nagano M, Iwanaga T, Ito N, Hattori H, Egashira T, Ikeda Y. Abstract: P1381 IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOUND HETEROZYGOUS DEFICIENCY WITH A NOVEL LARGE DELETION AND Y61X OF THE LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE GENE IN THE JAPANESE SUBJECT. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Whey protein solutions at pH 3.5 elicited an astringent taste sensation. The astringency of whey protein isolate (WPI), the process whey protein (PWP) that was prepared by heating WPI at pH 7.0, and the process whey protein prepared at pH 3.5 (aPWP) were adjusted to pH 3.5 and evaluated by 2 sensory analyses (the threshold method and the scalar scoring method) and an instrumental analysis (taste sensor method). The taste-stimulating effects of bovine and porcine gelatin were also evaluated. The threshold value of astringency of WPI, PWP, and aPWP was 1.5, 1.0, and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively, whereas the gelatins did not give definite astringency. It was confirmed by the scalar scoring method that the astringency of these proteins increased with the increase in protein concentration, and these proteins elicited strong astringency at 10 mg/mL under acidic conditions. On the other hand, the astringency was not elicited at pH 3.5 by 2 types of gelatin. A taste sensor gave specific values for whey proteins at pH 3.5, which corresponded well to those obtained by the sensory analysis. Elicitation of astringency induced by whey protein under acidic conditions would be caused by aggregation and precipitation of protein molecules in the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Ohmori R, Momiyama Y, Nagano M, Taniguchi H, Tanaka N, Kato R, Egashira T, Arakawa K, Nakamura H, Ohsuzu F. Mo-P1:125 Association between osteoprotegerin gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease in Japanese men. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Takeda H, Tsuji M, Fujisawa Y, Yamada T, Tsuji K, Egashira T, Matsumiya T. Intracerebroventricular administration of endothelin-1 impairs the habituation of rats to a novel environment in conjunction with brain serotonergic activation. Neuroscience 2003; 117:449-60. [PMID: 12614685 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of i.c.v. administration of endothelin-1, at a low dose that does not produce abnormal behaviors such as barrel-rolling, on the emotional state of rats exposed to a novel environment were examined. Changes in the emotional state of rats with a novel environment were evaluated in terms of changes in exploratory activity in the hole-board apparatus, i.e., locomotor activity as well as the number and duration of rearing and head-dipping behaviors. Rats treated with i.c.v. saline showed marked exploratory behaviors immediately after exposure to the hole-board apparatus, but these exploratory behaviors decreased rapidly with time. On the other hand, the habituation of rats to a novel environment was prolonged by the i.c.v. administration of endothelin-1 (0.3 and 1 pmol). Furthermore, we also found that i.c.v. administration of endothelin-1 (1 pmol) significantly increased the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) turnover in some brain regions, i.e., the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and midbrain, and the inhibition of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis by treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (200 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 2 days suppressed the behavioral effects of endothelin-1 (1 pmol, i.c.v.). In addition, i.c.v. administration of endothelin-1 (1 pmol) did not affect the spontaneous motor activity of rats. The present study demonstrated that i.c.v. administration of low doses of endothelin-1 impairs the habituation of rats to a novel environment in conjunction with brain 5-hydroxytryptaminergic activation. These results suggest that the central endothelin system may play a significant role in mediating emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Diseases Research Center, Division of Drug Research and Development, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
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Iwasaki T, Ishihara M, Takahashi S, Nagano M, Kujiraoka T, Takahashi M, Ikeda U, Shimada K, Fujino T, Yamamoto T, Egashira T, Hattori H. 3P-0753 A novel mutation, C25S, in the low density lipoprotein receptor causes defective internalization of LDL, but not of βVLDL. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Koseki M, Matsuyama A, Ishigami M, Hirano K, Sakai N, Hiraoka H, Nakamura T, Hattori H, Nagano M, Egashira T, Yamashita S, Matsuzawa Y. 2P-0450 Identification of a novel mutation in the ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 (ABCG5) in a Japanese patient with sitosterolemia. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ishihara M, Nagano M, Iwasaki T, Kujiraoka T, Ishii J, Tsuji M, Ito M, Kumagai T, Egashira T, Hattori H. 4P-1163 Two novel mutations in the plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) gene identified in Japanese subjects. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)91419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Takagi A, Nagano M, Iwanaga T, Ito N, Hattori H, Egashira T, Yasuyuki I. 3P-0826 Identification of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene mutations in subjects with type I or IV hyperlipoproteinemia by the established LPL-specific invader assay kit. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)91044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nagano M, Takagi A, Ikeda Y, Iwanaga T, Ito N, Hattori H, Egashira T. 3P-0825 Development of a lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-specific invader assay kit for the PCR-independent detection of the LPL gene mutation from genomic DNA. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)91043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
We measured the release of free fatty acids and structural changes of glycoprotein glycans induced by tetraethylammonium (TEA) salt in hippocampal slices of cynomolgus monkey brain. The release of free fatty acids in the hippocampal slices occurred after synaptic potentiation by TEA in a different manner from rat hippocampus. Arachidonic acid release in monkey hippocampus occurred much faster than that in rat. Several types of glycans of monkey hippocampal glycoproteins were determined depending on the duration time after TEA treatment. 5-Mannose was increased within 2 min, while polysialoglycans were increased after 5 min or later. Comparative study of glycans of monkey and rat hippocampal slices revealed the presence of relatively larger amount of sialo- and multi-anntenary glycans in rat than in monkey. These results indicate that the depolarizing stimulation of monkey hippocampal slices induced the change of glycoprotein glycan structures and release of free fatty acids in a different manner from rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshida
- Research Laboratory Center, Oita Medical University, Hasama-cho, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the mechanism of infection-induced damage of sperm. DESIGN The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on sperm motility and its modification by scavengers were investigated. SETTING Research laboratory of a university hospital. PATIENT(S) Normozoospermic semen samples were obtained from 37 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTION(S) The sperms were incubated in the presence of LPS with or without scavengers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sperm motility was evaluated by a sperm quality analyzer (SQAIIB). ROS formation in semen samples was measured by a Berthold luminometer (LB953). RESULT(S) Motility of spermatozoa was decreased in the LPS-treated samples compared with that in the control groups. ROS was significantly higher in the LPS-treated groups than in the control groups. The addition of ROS scavengers restored the motility index and suppressed ROS production in the LPS-treated semen samples. CONCLUSION(S) These data suggest that endotoxin-induced excessive production of ROS is responsible for the decrease in sperm motility and that antioxidant therapy may be a therapeutic option for infertile men with bacterial genital tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oita Medical University, Hasama, Japan
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Nagano M, Yamashita S, Hirano K, Kujiraoka T, Ito M, Sagehashi Y, Hattori H, Nakajima N, Maruyama T, Sakai N, Egashira T, Matsuzawa Y. Point mutation (-69 G-->A) in the promoter region of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in Japanese hyperalphalipoproteinemic subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21:985-90. [PMID: 11397708 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.21.6.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transfers cholesteryl ester (CE) from HDL to apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins and plays a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport, which is a major protective system against atherosclerosis. Genetic CETP deficiency is the most common cause of a marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP) in the Japanese, and various mutations have been identified in the coding region as well as in the exon/intron boundaries in the CETP gene. In the present study, we identified a novel mutation in the promoter region of the CETP gene. This mutation was a G-to-A substitution at the -69 nucleotide of the promoter region (-69 G-->A), corresponding to the second nucleotide of the PEA3/ETS binding site (CGGAA) located upstream of the putative TATA box. Four (2.0%) of 196 unrelated subjects with a marked HALP (HDL cholesterol >/=2.59 mmol/L=100 mg/dL) were revealed to be heterozygous for the -69 G-->A mutation, and the allelic frequency of the mutant was 0.0102 in the subjects with a marked HALP. The subjects with the -69 G-->A mutation had low plasma CETP levels. Reporter gene assay showed that this mutation markedly reduced the transcriptional activities in HepG2 cells (8% of wild type). These results suggested that this mutation would be dominant negative. In conclusion, a novel -69 G-->A mutation in the CETP gene causes the decreased transcriptional activity leading to HALP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagano
- Research Department, R&D Center, BML, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Yanagawa K, Takeda H, Egashira T, Matsumiya T, Shibuya T, Takasaki M. Changes in antioxidative mechanisms in elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Investigation of the redox dynamics of alpha-tocopherol in erythrocyte membranes. Gerontology 2001; 47:150-7. [PMID: 11340321 DOI: 10.1159/000052789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been suggested that the onset and aggravation of diabetes are closely related to free radicals. Also, vitamin E is a lipophilic free radical scavenger that is localized mainly in biomembranes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to clarify the defensive mechanisms against oxidative stress by investigating the differences in the redox dynamics of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and erythrocyte membranes between elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and healthy elderly subjects. METHODS Total, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherolquinone concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a redox detection mode using a series of four coulometric working electrodes. RESULTS The alpha-tocopherolquinone/alpha-tocopherol ratio in plasma and erythrocyte membranes was not different between the two groups. Both the alpha-tocopherol concentrations in erythrocyte membranes and ratio of alpha-tocopherol in erythrocyte membranes to alpha- tocopherol in plasma was significantly lower in elderly NIDDM patients than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that alpha-tocopherol is used normally in both plasma and erythrocyte membranes and alpha-tocopherol uptake in erythrocyte membranes is significantly decreased in elderly NIDDM patients. The functional disorder of the antioxidative activity of alpha-tocopherol in erythrocyte membranes due to impairment of this transfer mechanism may be associated with the pathogenesis of NIDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yanagawa
- Department of Geriatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Takahashi M, Ikeda U, Takahashi S, Hattori H, Iwasaki T, Ishihara M, Egashira T, Honma S, Asano Y, Shimada K. A novel mutation in exon 2 of the low-density lipoprotein-receptor gene in a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Clin Genet 2001; 59:290-2. [PMID: 11298688 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.590414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
This study pursued whether singlet oxygen ((1)O2) is generated from phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH), the oxidized modification product of a major constituent of biomembranes and serum lipoproteins. The (1)O2 formation was detected, by utilizing the oxidation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone (TMPD) by (1)O2 to yield 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-1-oxyl (TEMPONE), which generates electron spin resonance (ESR) signals. The TEMPONE signal was detected in human plasma with addition of PCOOH by ESR determination after introducing copper(II). The TEMPONE formation was proportional to the amounts of PCOOH added according to moles of active oxygen. The TEMPONE signal intensity was weakened significantly in the presence of beta-carotene and histidine in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not at all decreased by mannitol, Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, HPLC-chemiluminescence analysis demonstrated that incubation with the PCOOH/Cu(II) combination oxidized cholesterol, a relatively oxidation-resistant component, to the cholesterol hydroperoxide. These results reveal that (1)O2 is generated from PCOOH in contact with copper(II). In conclusion, this in-vitro study provides directly the (1)O2 formation in living organisms following the advancement of peroxidation of constitutive lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Takayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan.
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Takayama F, Egashira T, Yamanaka Y. Protective effect of Ninjin-yoei-to on damage to isolated hepatocytes following transient exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001; 85:227-33. [PMID: 11325014 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.85.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To establish a simple screening system for estimating efficacy of an agent for an oxidative-related lesion, we investigated the damage in isolated rat hepatocytes exposed to 75 microM tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) and then subsequently incubated the cells in fresh medium. By electron spin resonance spectroscopy analysis using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), DMPO adducts of tert-butoxyl radicals and carbon center radicals were detected during the t-BuOOH exposure, and DMPO-OH formation was detected after t-BuOOH removal. In t-BuOOH-exposed cells, the level of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH), a peroxidative product of biomembranes in the hepatocytes, and the leakage of enzymes into the culture medium were significantly increased. An increase in acid phosphatase (AP) activity representing lysosome destabilization preceded the aspartate oxoglutarate aminotransferase (AST), alanine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Ninjin-yoei-to added to the culture medium following the t-BuOOH exposure significantly inhibited the PCOOH formation and the leakage of AP, AST, ALT and LDH, concentration-dependently. Ninjin-yoei-to at 1 mg/ml in culture medium completely diminished these increases in enzyme activities down to the background levels found in control experiments and this reduction was greater than the most effective alpha-tocopherol concentration of 20 micromol/ml. Considering all of these results, it is likely Ninjin-yoei-to may exert its protective effect by antioxidative action and membrane stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Takayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan.
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Oka T, Kujiraoka T, Ito M, Egashira T, Takahashi S, Nanjee MN, Miller NE, Metso J, Olkkonen VM, Ehnholm C, Jauhiainen M, Hattori H. Distribution of phospholipid transfer protein in human plasma: presence of two forms of phospholipid transfer protein, one catalytically active and the other inactive. J Lipid Res 2000; 41:1651-7. [PMID: 11013307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) plays an important role in the maintenance of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content and remodeling of HDL in the circulation. In the present study we have used different fractionation methods to investigate the distribution of PLTP in human plasma. A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed during the study allowed for simultaneous assessment of both PLTP mass and activity in the fractions obtained. Size-exclusion chromatography and plasma fractionation by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) yielded similar results demonstrating that PLTP associates in native plasma with two distinct particle populations, while ultracentrifugation with high salt leads to detachment of PLTP from lipoprotein particles and loss of a majority of its phospholipid transfer activity. Interestingly, analysis of the size-exclusion chromatography fractions demonstrated that PLTP exists in the circulation as an active population that elutes in the position of HDL corresponding to an average molecular mass of 160+/-40 kDa and an inactive form with an average mass of 520+/-120 kDa. The inactive fraction containing approximately 70% of the total PLTP protein eluted between HDL and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Thus, the two PLTP pools are associated with different types of lipoprotein particles, suggesting that the PLTP activity in circulation is modulated by the plasma lipoprotein profile and lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oka
- Research Department, Research and Development Center, BML, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
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Abstract
The effects of styrene on mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rat and monkey brains were compared in vitro. After preincubation at 25 degrees C for 20 min with 1 mM styrene monomer MAO-A activity in monkey brain was inhibited potently using 5-HT (for MAO-A substrate), but MAO-B activity in monkey brain and platelets were slightly inhibited using beta-PEA (for MAO-B substrate). Styrene monomer also competitively inhibited MAO-A activity in a dose-dependent manner. MAO-A in monkey brain was inhibited by styrene in ascending order of potency: styrene trimer>styrene dimer>styrene monomer. In contrast styrene monomer slightly inhibited both MAO-A and MAO-B activities in rat brain mitochondria. In the present study styrene monomer potently inhibits MAO-A activity, but not MAO-B activity, in monkey brain mitochondria in vitro. These results indicate the inhibiting action of styrene differs depending on animal species and MAO isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, 1-1, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, 879-5593, Oita, Japan.
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Oka T, Kujiraoka T, Ito M, Nagano M, Ishihara M, Iwasaki T, Egashira T, Miller NE, Hattori H. Measurement of human plasma phospholipid transfer protein by sandwich ELISA. Clin Chem 2000; 46:1357-64. [PMID: 10973866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) plays a central role in the remodeling of HDLs. Reliable and accurate methods for assaying PLTP concentration are required. METHODS A sandwich ELISA for PLTP has been developed, using two monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human PLTP (rhPLTP) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The ELISA allows for the quantification of PLTP in the range 0.625-15.0 ng/assay (1.2-30.0 mg/L). Intra- and interassay CVs were <3.0% and <4.2% respectively. The assay was used to quantify plasma PLTP concentrations in 132 Japanese subjects (75 males and 57 females). RESULTS PLTP concentrations were 12.0 +/- 3. 0 mg/L (mean +/- SD; range, 4.9-20.5 mg/L). No sex difference was observed. Plasma PLTP concentration was positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.72; P: <0.001), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I (r = 0.62; P: <0.001) and HDL(2)-cholesterol (r = 0.72; P: <0.001), and was negatively correlated with triacylglycerol (r = -0.45; P: <0. 001). There was no correlation with plasma apo A-II. These results agree with other evidence that plasma PLTP is associated with large apo A-I-containing lipoproteins. There was no correlation (r = -0. 01) between plasma PLTP and plasma phosphatidylcholine transfer activity (range, 3.5-10.5 micromol. mL(-1). h(-1)), suggesting that PLTP may exist in active and inactive forms. CONCLUSION This new ELISA will be of value for further studies of PLTP in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oka
- Research Division, R & D Center, BML, Inc., 1361-1 Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan
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Kujiraoka T, Oka T, Ishihara M, Egashira T, Fujioka T, Saito E, Saito S, Miller NE, Hattori H. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human serum paraoxonase concentration. J Lipid Res 2000; 41:1358-63. [PMID: 10946025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum paraoxonase (PON) is associated with plasma high density lipoproteins, and prevents the oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins. We have developed a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using two monoclonal antibodies against PON, to measure serum PON concentration. The concentration of PON in healthy Japanese subjects was 59.3 +/- 1.3 microgram/mL (mean +/- SEM; n = 87). Serum PON concentrations in relation to the PON 192 genetic polymorphism were: 69.5 +/- 2.9 microgram/mL in the QQ genotype; 63.0 +/- 1.9 microgram/mL in the QR genotype; and 52.8 +/- 1.7 microgram/mL in the RR genotype. Concentrations were significantly lower in the RR than in the QQ genotype (P < 0.01). Serum paraoxonase specific activity was higher in RR than in QQ subjects (18.6 +/- 0.40 vs. 2. 56 +/- 0.05 nmol/min/microgram, P < 0.01), but arylesterase specific activity was unrelated to genotype. PON concentration was positively associated (P < 0.001) with both serum arylesterase activity and, after adjusting for the effect of the position 192 polymorphism, with serum paraoxonase activity. Subjects with angiographically verified coronary heart disease had significantly lower PON concentrations than the healthy controls (52.0 +/- 2.3 microgram/mL; n = 35, P < 0.01). This association was independent of the position 192 genotype. Our new ELISA should be of value for epidemiologic and clinical studies of serum PON concentration. immunosorbent assay for human serum paraoxonase concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kujiraoka
- Research Department, R&D Center, BML, Inc., Saitama 350-1101, Japan
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Egashira T, Takayama F, Yamanaka Y, Takada K, Takeda H, Matsumiya T. Day/night variation of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid concentration in rat cerebrospinal fluid after acute and long-term administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluvoxamine. Jpn J Pharmacol 2000; 83:344-7. [PMID: 11001181 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.83.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
When 30 mg/kg, p.o. of fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was administered, significant increases of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 5-hydroxy indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) contents in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were observed from two days after administration of fluvoxamine in both the light and dark periods and in the dark period of the light/dark cycle, respectively. In long-term treatment with 15 mg/kg, p.o. of fluvoxamine, the level of MHPG in CSF exhibited no difference, whereas the levels of 5-HIAA showed a significant increase during the light periods. These results suggest that fluvoxamine enhances the 5-HT system, but only with long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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24
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Sakurai K, Seki N, Fujii R, Yagui K, Tokuyama Y, Shimada F, Makino H, Suzuki Y, Hashimoto N, Saito Y, Egashira T, Matsui K, Kanatsuka A. Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha gene in Japanese with non-insulin-dependent diabetes: a nucleotide substitution in the polypyrimidine tract of intron 1b. Horm Metab Res 2000; 32:316-20. [PMID: 10983627 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-978643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF-4alpha) gene have been demonstrated in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) 1 families. To investigate the possibility that the HNF-4alpha gene contributes to the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Japanese patients, we screened all exons and flanking introns of this gene for mutations in 100 patients with NIDDM diagnosed after 25 years of age. We identified two missense mutations: M49V in exon 1c and T1301 in exon 4; and two nucleotide substitutions in introns: cytosine to thymidine at -5 nt in intron 1b and adenine to thymidine at -21 nt in intron 5. We screened an additional 220 diabetic subjects for the polymorphism in intron 1b. The c/t substitution in intron 1b was associated with NIDDM. This substitution in the polypyrimidine tract, an important cis-acting element directing intron removal, is likely to influence pre-mRNA splicing of this gene. T1301 in exon 4 was observed in only two diabetic subjects. This mutation could influence the conformation of this peptide, resulting in changes in ligand binding domain function. M49V in exon 1c was found in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects; isoforms HNF-4alpha 4, 5, and 6 with this mutation may impair glucose metabolism in tissue. In contrast to the primary cause of nonsense and missense mutations of the HNF-4alpha gene in MODY1, the nucleotide substitution in intron 1b may partially contribute to development of NIDDM in combination with other genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakurai
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan
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25
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Kujiraoka T, Ishihara M, Fujioka T, Saito E, Saito S, Egashira T, Hattori H. Measurement of paraoxonase (PON) concentrations in coronary heart desease (CHD) subjects by sandwich Elisa. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Hattori H, Kujiraoka T, Oka T, Egashira T, Nanjee M, Miller N. Determination of plasma pre-β high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration in healthy humans. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Hattori H, Nagano M, Egashira T, Iwata F, Satou Y, Hara M, Okada T. Two novel mutations, 390ins1 and 2320del21 in the LDL receptor gene caused familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)81456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Okada T, Uchida N, Iwata F, Hara M, Noto N, Harada K, Hattori H, Egashira T. Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid and threonine allele in codon 54 of the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene in obese Japanese children. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Oka T, Ito M, Egashira T, Miller N, Hattori H. Plasma PLTP concentration measured by sandwich ELISA. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)81001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Aniya Y, Shimabukuro M, Shimoji M, Kohatsu M, Gyamfi MA, Miyagi C, Kunii D, Takayama F, Egashira T. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective actions of the medicinal herb Artemisia campestris from the Okinawa Islands. Biol Pharm Bull 2000; 23:309-12. [PMID: 10726884 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.23.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant action of Artemisia campestris was examined in vitro and in vivo. A water extract of A. campestris showed a strong scavenging action of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. When the extract was given intraperitoneally to mice prior to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment, CCl4-induced liver toxicity, as seen by an elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, was significantly reduced. Depression of the elevation of serum enzyme levels after CCl4-treatment was also observed by oral administration of the extract. In that case, CCl4-derived lipid peroxidation in the liver was decreased by the extract treatment. These results suggest that the extract of A. campestris scavenges radicals formed by CCl4 treatment resulting in protection against CCl4-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aniya
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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31
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Abstract
We investigated the effects of breeding conditions on neurochemical markers, muscarinic receptor (mAChR), beta-adrenoreceptor (beta-AdrR), imipramine binding sites (IMBS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in aged rat brains. An increase of affinity (Kd) and the decrease in the number (Vmax) of mAChR were found in the individual aged rats. Concerning IMBS, Kd and Vmax values increased in the individual aged rats. However, no significant changes were observed in the beta-AdrR. The increases of ChAT and MAO activity were found in the aggregated aged rats to compare with in the individual aged rats, while AChE activity decreased in the aggregated aged rats. These changes were also particularly seen in the forebrain of aged rats. These results indicate that the functions of the central nervous system may be reduced in the individual aged rats to compare with in the aggregated aged rats under the breeding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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32
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Ogawa T, Maruyama K, Hattori H, Arai H, Kondoh I, Egashira T, Watanabe T, Kobayashi Y, Morikawa A. A new variant of apolipoprotein E (apo E Maebashi) in lipoprotein glomerulopathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2000; 14:149-51. [PMID: 10684367 DOI: 10.1007/s004670050032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported an 8-year-old girl with lipoprotein glomerulopathy. Assessment of serum apolipoprotein E (apo E) in this patient showed a discrepancy between phenotype and genotype, suggesting that she may have a variant of apo E. The present report concerns our analysis of DNA sequences of the apo E gene in the patient: nine base pairs were found to be deleted from exon 4. This mutation would appear to encode a new apo E variant lacking three amino acids. This variant may be associated with the pathogenesis of lipoprotein glomerulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
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Egashira T, Takayama F, Yamanaka Y. Changes in monoamine metabolites concentrations in rat cerebrospinal fluid after acute and long-term administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, trazodone. Pharmacol Res 1999; 40:503-8. [PMID: 10660949 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to clarify the mechanism of the antidepressive effects of trazodone, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, we investigated the dynamics of monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of free-moving conscious rats by acute and long-term treatment with trazodone. When 100 mg kg-1 p.o. of trazodone were administered, a significant increase of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) concentration was soon observed in the light period of the light/dark cycle, and a significant decrease of dihydroxy phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) concentration was observed during the 2 days after administration of trazodone; in contrast, the homovanilic acid (HVA) level was increased. However, we detected no significant changes in the 5-hydroxy indole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration during the 3 days. In the case of long-term treatment with 50 mg kg-1, p.o. of trazodone, the levels of MHPG, DOPAC and HVA exhibited no difference when compared with values obtained during saline treatment in either the light or dark period, whereas the levels of 5-HIAA showed a significant increase during the light period. These findings suggest that a long-term treatment with trazodone enhances the serotonergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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34
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Nagano M, Ito M, Sagehashi Y, Hattori H, Egashira T. A novel missense mutation Ile193Val in cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene. Hum Mutat 1999; 14:271. [PMID: 10477490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nagano
- R&D Center BML, Inc. Saitama 350-1101, Japan.
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35
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Nagano M, Iwasaki T, Hattori H, Egashira T. A novel missense mutation Thr316Ala in lysosomal acid lipase gene in Japanese population. Hum Mutat 1999; 14:271. [PMID: 10477491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nagano
- R&D Center BML, Inc. Saitama 350-1101, Japan.
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36
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Yanagawa K, Takeda H, Egashira T, Sakai K, Takasaki M, Matsumiya T. Age-related changes in alpha-tocopherol dynamics with relation to lipid hydroperoxide content and fluidity of rat erythrocyte membrane. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999; 54:B379-83. [PMID: 10536642 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/54.9.b379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in alpha-tocopherol dynamics in plasma and erythrocyte membranes of 10- to 120-week-old rats were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with redox detection mode. Furthermore, changes in lipid hydroperoxide content and fluidity of erythrocyte membrane with age were assessed using chemiluminescence-HPLC and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, respectively. A slight increase in the alpha-tocopherolquinone/alpha-tocopherol ratio in erythrocyte membrane and a decrease in the alpha-tocopherol in erythrocyte membrane/alpha-tocopherol in plasma ratio were observed. A significant increase in lipid hydroperoxide content and a marked decrease in the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane were seen with age. These findings suggest that alpha-tocopherol uptake in erythrocyte membrane declines, and utilization rate of alpha-tocopherol in erythrocyte membrane increases age-dependently. These changes, which enhanced lipid peroxidation and consequently reduced membrane fluidity, may be caused by the impairment of this transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yanagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
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37
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Egashira T, Takayama F, Yamanaka Y. The inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by various antidepressants: differences found in various mammalian species. Jpn J Pharmacol 1999; 81:115-21. [PMID: 10580379 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.81.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the antidepressant drugs zimeldine, imipramine, maprotiline or nomifensine on mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in mouse, rat, dog and monkey brains were compared in vitro. Mouse, rat, dog and monkey brain MAO-B activities were inhibited by zimeldine more potently than MAO-A activity. Imipramine inhibited MAO-B more potently than MAO-A activity in mouse and rat brains. When dog and monkey brains were investigated, MAO-A activity was inhibited more potently than MAO-B activity at high concentrations of imipramine, while at low concentrations, MAO-B activity was more potently inhibited. Maprotiline and nomifensine inhibited mouse and rat brain MAO-B activity more potently than MAO-A activity, while the inverse was true for dog and monkey brains. All four drugs are competitive inhibitors of MAO-A, but noncompetitive inhibitors of MAO-B in all animal brains. The respective Ki values of these reagents for monkey brain MAO-A and MAO-B were low compared to those of mouse, rat and dog. These results indicate that monkey brain MAOs are more sensitive to antidepressant drugs than those in rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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38
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Egashira T, Takayama F, Yamanaka Y, Komatsu Y. Monitoring of radical scavenging activity of peroral administration of the Kampo medicine Sho-saiko-to in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1999; 80:379-82. [PMID: 10496340 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.80.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Kampo medicine Sho-saiko-to scavenged superoxide anion radicals (O2-), hydroxyl radicals (*OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. We attempted to investigate the transition of free radical scavenging activity in plasma after oral administration of Sho-saiko-to in rats. From the response-time profile, kinetic parameters including values for Ka (absorption rate constant), Tmax (peak concentration time), T1/2 (half life) and MRT (mean residence time) of radical scavenging activity in plasma could be calculated for the O2-, *OH and DPPH radicals. These parameters calculated from the dynamics of antioxidation are considered a very meaningful procedure to examine the effects of Sho-saiko-to.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Hasama-machi, Japan
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39
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Hattori H, Kujiraoka T, Oka T, Egashira T. Measurement of paraoxonase concentration by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Hattori H, Oka T, Ito M, Jauhiainen M, Ehnholm C, Egashira T. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for plasma PLTP mass. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Hattori H, Nagano M, Egashira T, Ogawa T, Arai H, Watanabe T, Kobayashi Y, Morikawa A. A new novel mutation of the apolipoprotein E gene in a patient with lipoprotein glomerulopathy. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Hattori H, Nagano M, Egashira T, Tsuji M, Hirayama T, Emi M, Okada T. Variety of mutations of the LDL receptor gene in Japanese familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Egashira T, Goto H, Takeda H, Takada K, Matsumiya T. [Alterations in neurotransmitter, amino acid and free radical related substances in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with cerebrovascular diseases]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1999; 36:256-61. [PMID: 10410569 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.36.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline, monoamine and its metabolite, amino acid and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Patients were classified into the following four groups; controls: normal subjects without neurological disease, group A: cerebral hemorrhage, group B: cerebral infarction, group C: patients with mental impairment, including those in groups A and B, and a low score on Hasegawa's Dementia Rating Scale. CSF AChE level of groups A, B and C was decreased significantly, while choline concentration from patients showed a increase compared with that of control cases. CSF alanine concentration showed a tendency to increase, while glycine and glutamate tended to decrease. CSF epinephrine, norepinephrine or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylen glycol concentrations of groups A, B and C did not exhibit a significant difference from that in control cases. Some cases with cerebrovascular diseases showed low concentrations of both CSF 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and homovanillic acid. However, dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid concentration was higher than in control cases. The CSF SOD level was not significantly from that in control cases. The changes in neurochemical substances in the CSF support their use as markers of cerebrovascular disease-related change.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Egashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University
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44
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Jauhiainen M, Huuskonen J, Baumann M, Metso J, Oka T, Egashira T, Hattori H, Olkkonen VM, Ehnholm C. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) causes proteolytic cleavage of apolipoprotein A-I. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:654-64. [PMID: 10191289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is a factor that plays an important role in HDL metabolism. In this study we present data suggesting that PLTP has an inherent protease activity. After incubation of HDL3 in the presence of purified plasma PLTP, the d < 1.25 g/ml particles (fusion particles) contained intact 28.2 kDa apoA-I while the d > 1.25 g/ml fraction (apoA-I-PL complexes) contained, in addition to intact apoA-I, a cleaved 23 kDa form of apoA-I. Purified apoA-I was also cleaved by PLTP and produced a similar 23 kDa apoA-I fragment. The cleavage of apoA-I increased as a function of incubation time and the amount of PLTP added. The process displayed typically an 8-10 h lag or induction period, after which the cleavage proceeded in a time-dependent manner. This lag-phase was necessary for the development of the cleavage activity during incubation at 37 degrees C. The specific apoA-I cleavage activity of different PLTP preparations varied between 0.4-0.8 microg apoA-I degraded/h per 1000 nmol per h of PLTP activity. The 23 kDa apoA-I fragment reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific for the N-terminal part of apoA-I, indicating that the apoA-I cleavage occurred in the C-terminal portion. The apoA-I cleavage products were further characterized by mass spectrometry. The 23 kDa fragment yielded a mass of 22.924 kDa, demonstrating that the cleavage occurs in the C-terminal portion of apoA-I between amino acid residues 196 (alanine) and 197 (threonine). The intact apoA-I and the 23 kDa fragment revealed identical N-terminal amino acid sequences. The cleavage of apoA-I could be inhibited with APMSF and chymostatin, suggesting that it is due to a serine esterase-type of proteolytic activity. Recombinant PLTP produced in CHO cells or using the baculovirus-insect cell system caused an apoA-I cleavage pattern identical to that obtained with plasma PLTP. The present results raise the question of whether PLTP-mediated proteolytic cleavage of apoA-I might affect plasma HDL metabolism by generating a novel kinetic compartment of apoA-I with an increased turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jauhiainen
- Department of Biochemistry, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Abstract
To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hepatitis-induced endotoxemia, we injected mice intraperitoneally with 250 mg/kg galactosamine (GalN) and 1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) separately and in combination. NO synthesis increased in a dose-dependent manner with LPS. NO generation at 5 hr after administration of LPS was greater than that at 24 hr. Enhancement of NO generation was demonstrated in mice administered GalN and LPS in combination. A nitrosyl-heme signal in 10,000 g supernatant of liver homogenate, due to cytochrome P450 (P450) combining with NO, NO-P450, was detected at more than ten hr and even more after administration of LPS by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements at 77 degrees K. The strongest NO-P450 signal and most extreme elevation of aspartate oxoglutarate aminotransferase (AST), alanine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and of lysosomal enzyme activity in plasma were observed in the GalN + LPS group. Their potency was greater than in the 10 mg/kg LPS group, which was even greater than in the LPS 1 mg/kg group. The aniline hydroxylase activity was inversely proportional to NO-P450 signal intensity. It appears that NO might contribute to LPS-induced hepatic damage in GalN-sensitized mice through degeneration and inactivation of liver microsomal enzymes by binding P450 active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Takayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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46
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Wada Y, Egashira T, Takayama F, Yamanaka Y, Takada K, Takeda H, Matsumiya T. Variation of monoamines and their metabolite contents in the cerebrospinal fluid of conscious rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998; 78:237-40. [PMID: 9829629 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.78.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To study the circadian rhythm of the monoamine and metabolite contents, cerebrospinal fluid was taken from the cisterna magna through a polyethylene catheter tube every 4 hr in the conscious rat. Norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol were found to describe a rhythm with the maximal content occurring during the dark phase and the minimal content occurring during the light phase. Dopamine levels increased significantly during the light phase compared with the dark phase. These results, given that cerebrospinal fluid can be taken chronically from conscious rats, indicate that our present method may be suitable for estimating changes in brain monoamine and metabolite contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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47
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Peng X, Egashira T, Hanashiro K, Masai E, Nishikawa S, Katayama Y, Kimbara K, Fukuda M. Cloning of a Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 gene encoding a novel oxygenase that cleaves lignin-related biphenyl and characterization of the enzyme. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:2520-7. [PMID: 9647824 PMCID: PMC106420 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.7.2520-2527.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 transforms 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (DDVA), a lignin-related biphenyl compound, to 5-carboxyvanillic acid via 2,2',3-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (OH-DDVA) as an intermediate (15). The ring fission of OH-DDVA is an essential step in the DDVA degradative pathway. A 15-kb EcoRI fragment isolated from the cosmid library complemented the growth deficiency of a mutant on OH-DDVA. Subcloning and deletion analysis showed that a 1.4-kb DNA fragment included the gene responsible for the ring fission of OH-DDVA. An open reading frame encoding 334 amino acids was identified and designated ligZ. The deduced amino acid sequence of LigZ had 18 to 21% identity with the class III extradiol dioxygenase family, including the beta subunit (LigB) of protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase of SYK-6 (Y. Noda, S. Nishikawa, K.-I. Shiozuka, H. Kadokura, H. Nakajima, K. Yano, Y. Katayama, N. Morohoshi, T. Haraguchi, and M. Yamasaki, J. Bacteriol. 172:2704-2709, 1990), catechol 2,3-dioxygenase I (MpcI) of Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP222 (M. Kabisch and P. Fortnagel, Nucleic Acids Res. 18:3405-3406, 1990), the catalytic subunit of the meta-cleavage enzyme (CarBb) for 2'-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol from Pseudomonas sp. strain CA10 (S. I. Sato, N. Ouchiyama, T. Kimura, H. Nojiri, H. Yamane, and T. Omori, J. Bacteriol. 179:4841-4849, 1997), and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionate 1,2-dioxygenase (MhpB) of Escherichia coli (E. L. Spence, M. Kawamukai, J. Sanvoisin, H. Braven, and T. D. H. Bugg, J. Bacteriol. 178:5249-5256, 1996). The ring fission product formed from OH-DDVA by LigZ developed a yellow color with an absorption maximum at 455 nm, suggesting meta cleavage. Thus, LigZ was concluded to be a ring cleavage extradiol dioxygenase. LigZ activity was detected only for OH-DDVA and 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydroxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl and was dependent on the ferrous ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan
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Abstract
The concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in middle ear effusion (MEE) was measured by the electron spin resonance trapping method in order to clarify the role of SOD in otitis media with effusion (OME) in children. The SOD levels in mucoid MEEs were significantly higher than those in serous and purulent MEEs. There was no significant difference in the levels of SOD between neutrophil-dominant MEEs and mononuclear cell-dominant MEEs, and the levels were negatively correlated with the number of neutrophils in the MEEs. Moreover, the levels were significantly increased in patients having recurrence of MEE within 3 months compared with patients without recurrence of MEE. Although it is known that SOD plays an important role in protecting the host from oxygen radicals, the findings in this study suggest that SOD might be related to the chronicity of OME.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shigemi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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Takayama F, Egashira T, Yamanaka Y. [Assay for oxidative stress injury by detection of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in a freshly obtained blood sample: a study to follow the time course of oxidative injury]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1998; 111:177-86. [PMID: 9583081 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.111.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate occurrence of oxidative stress in circulating blood, we developed standard methods to assess (1) granulocytes status as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (2) lipid peroxidation (LPO). A simplified and highly sensitive assay was developed by utilizing the chemiluminescence (CL) from luminol oxidized by ROS. 1. The CL, from 300 microliters medium containing 1% blood, 10 micrograms/ml luminol and 0.025 microgram/ml phorbol myristate acetate, well reflected the primed granulocyte status induced by in vitro contact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This CL was weakened slightly by superoxide dismutase and catalase, but markedly decreased by sodium azide. 2. We determined the optimal conditions for the t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-stimulated CL method to evaluate plasma LPO in experiments on rat plasma added with phosphatidylethanolamine hydroperoxide (PEOOH). The CL from 300 microliters medium containing 6.67% plasma. 10 micrograms/ml luminol and 5 mumol/ml t-BuOOH was proportional to the added PEOOH amount. The integrated CL of the plasma with 0-60 nmol of PEOOH gave values of 8.280-14.213 x 10(6) counts/60 min/tube. 3. Only 100 microliters of freshly drawn blood was enough for the two CL methods to detect the generation of ROS and the occurrence of LPO. These CL methods enabled the determination of the time course of oxidative stress occurrence in circulating blood of rats treated with 5 mg/kg LPS, i.p.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Takayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Oita Medical University, Japan
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Iwata F, Satou Y, Hara M, Kim H, Okada T, Harada K, Nagano M, Hattori H, Egashira T. 1.P.250 LDL receptor gene analysis in familial hypercholesterolemia assessed from child proband. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)88430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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