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Choi IH, Chung TH. Supplying Hydrogen Water to Ducks Did Not Influence Ammonia Content and Duck Litter Quality. Braz J Poult Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- IH Choi
- Joongbu University, South Korea
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2
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Gong J, Chung TH, Zheng J, Zheng H, Chang LJ. Transduction of modified factor VIII gene improves lentiviral gene therapy efficacy for hemophilia A. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101397. [PMID: 34774524 PMCID: PMC8649223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia A (HA) is a bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of the coagulation factor VIII (F8). F8 replacement is standard of care, whereas gene therapy (F8 gene) for HA is an attractive investigational approach. However, the large size of the F8 gene and the immunogenicity of the product present challenges in development of the F8 gene therapy. To resolve these problems, we synthesized a shortened F8 gene (F8-BDD) and cloned it into a lentiviral vector (LV). The F8-BDD produced mainly short cleaved inactive products in LV-transduced cells. To improve F8 functionality, we designed two novel F8-BDD genes, one with an insertion of eight specific N-glycosylation sites (F8-N8) and another which restored all N-glycosylation sites (F8-299) in the B domain. Although the overall protein expression was reduced, high coagulation activity (>100-fold) was detected in the supernatants of LV-F8-N8- and LV-F8-299-transduced cells. Protein analysis of F8 and the procoagulation cofactor, von Willebrand Factor, showed enhanced interaction after restoration of B domain glycosylation using F8-299. HA mouse hematopoietic stem cell transplantation studies illustrated that the bleeding phenotype was corrected after LV-F8-N8 or -299 gene transfer into the hematopoietic stem cells. Importantly, the F8-299 modification markedly reduced immunogenicity of the F8 protein in these HA mice. In conclusion, the modified F8-299 gene could be efficiently packaged into LV and, although with reduced expression, produced highly stable and functional F8 protein that corrected the bleeding phenotype without inhibitory immunogenicity. We anticipate that these results will be beneficial in the development of gene therapies against HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gong
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Tsai-Hua Chung
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China; Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lung-Ji Chang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China; Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China; Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Guo XL, Chung TH, Qin Y, Zheng J, Zheng H, Sheng L, Wynn T, Chang LJ. Hemophilia Gene Therapy: New Development from Bench to Bed Side. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 19:264-273. [PMID: 31549954 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190924121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel gene therapy strategies have changed the prognosis of many inherited diseases in recent years. New development in genetic tools and study models has brought us closer to a complete cure for hemophilia. This review will address the latest gene therapy research in hemophilia A and B including gene therapy tools, genetic strategies and animal models. It also summarizes the results of recent clinical trials. Potential solutions are discussed regarding the current barriers in gene therapy for hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Guo
- Geno-immune Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yue Qin
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huyong Zheng
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Sheng
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tung Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Park JB, Choi WS, Chung TH, Lee SH, Kwak MK, Ha JS, Jeong T. Transfer printing of vertical-type microscale light-emitting diode array onto flexible substrate using biomimetic stamp. Opt Express 2019; 27:6832-6841. [PMID: 30876260 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the transfer printing of GaN-based microscale vertical-type light-emitting diodes (μ-VLEDs) using a functional layer and a biomimetic stamp. An oxide-based functional layer is inserted onto the structure of a μ-VLED and used to separate the chip from the μ-VLED wafer by absorbing the pulse of a UV pulse laser during pick-up of the transfer printing process. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based biomimetic stamps have been fabricated to mimic the gecko lizard cilia for improved adhesion and repeatability. The biomimetic stamp has an adhesion force of 25.6 N/cm2, which is 12 times the adhesion of a flat stamp; an adhesion force of 10 N/cm2 or more was maintained after 100,000 repeated adhesion tests. A flexible 10 × 10 prototype array on a polyimide substrate was fabricated, and its bending test results indicated that the strain effect on the forward voltage and the output power was less than 1%. The stable bending test results of the prototype indicate that μ-VLEDs using biomimetic stamps allow the necessary stability for practical transfer printing.
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Weyrich A, Jeschek M, Schrapers KT, Lenz D, Chung TH, Rübensam K, Yasar S, Schneemann M, Ortmann S, Jewgenow K, Fickel J. Diet changes alter paternally inherited epigenetic pattern in male Wild guinea pigs. Environ Epigenet 2018; 4:dvy011. [PMID: 29992049 PMCID: PMC6031029 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, of which DNA methylation is the most stable, are a mechanism conveying environmental information to subsequent generations via parental germ lines. The paternal contribution to adaptive processes in the offspring might be crucial, but has been widely neglected in comparison to the maternal one. To address the paternal impact on the offspring's adaptability to changes in diet composition, we investigated if low protein diet (LPD) in F0 males caused epigenetic alterations in their subsequently sired sons. We therefore fed F0 male Wild guinea pigs with a diet lowered in protein content (LPD) and investigated DNA methylation in sons sired before and after their father's LPD treatment in both, liver and testis tissues. Our results point to a 'heritable epigenetic response' of the sons to the fathers' dietary change. Because we detected methylation changes also in the testis tissue, they are likely to be transmitted to the F2 generation. Gene-network analyses of differentially methylated genes in liver identified main metabolic pathways indicating a metabolic reprogramming ('metabolic shift'). Epigenetic mechanisms, allowing an immediate and inherited adaptation may thus be important for the survival of species in the context of a persistently changing environment, such as climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weyrich
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Jeschek
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Koenigin-Luise-Street 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K T Schrapers
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Lenz
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - T H Chung
- Zymoresearch, EpiQuest, 17062 Murphy Avenue, Irvine, CA 92614, USA
| | - K Rübensam
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Yasar
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schneemann
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Ortmann
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jewgenow
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Fickel
- Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Street 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Street 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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6
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Chung TH, Hsu SC, Wu SH, Hsiao JK, Lin CP, Yao M, Huang DM. Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticle-improved therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nanoscale 2018; 10:2998-3007. [PMID: 29372743 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. With their migration capacity toward the sites of diseased DA neurons in the PD brain, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate to DA neurons for the replacement of damaged neurons and to secrete neurotrophic factors for the protection and regeneration of diseased DA neurons; therefore MSCs show promise for the treatment of PD. In this study, for the first time, we demonstrate that dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Dex-IO NPs) can improve the therapeutic efficacy of human MSCs (hMSCs) in a mouse model of PD induced by a local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In situ examinations not only show that Dex-IO NPs can improve the rescue effect of hMSCs on the loss of host DA neurons but also demonstrate that Dex-IO NPs can promote the migration capacity of hMSCs toward lesioned DA neurons and induce the differentiation of hMSCs to DA-like neurons at the diseased sites. We prove that in vitro Dex-IO NPs can enhance the migration of hMSCs toward 6-OHDA-damaged SH-SY5Y-derived DA-like cells, induce hMSCs to differentiate to DA-like neurons in the conditioned media derived from 6-OHDA-damaged SH-SY5Y-derived DA-like cells and promote the protection/regeneration effects of hMSCs on 6-OHDA-damaged SH-SY5Y-derived DA-like cells. We confirm the potential of MSCs for cell-based therapy for PD. Dex-IO NPs can be used as a tool to accelerate and optimize MSC therapeutics for PD applicable clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
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7
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Chung TH. Ph, Ammonia Flux, and Total Nitrogen in Duck Litter with Chemical Blends - A Field Study. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Chung TH, Park JH, Kim CM, Choi IH. Evaluation of Aluminum Chloride As an Effective Short-Term Solution for Reducing Odor - Causing Volatile Fatty Acids in Duck Litter. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - JH Park
- Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Korea
| | - CM Kim
- Daegu University, South Korea
| | - IH Choi
- Joongbu University, South Korea
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9
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Chen BM, Al-Aghbar MA, Lee CH, Chang TC, Su YC, Li YC, Chang SE, Chen CC, Chung TH, Liao YC, Lee CH, Roffler SR. The Affinity of Elongated Membrane-Tethered Ligands Determines Potency of T Cell Receptor Triggering. Front Immunol 2017; 8:793. [PMID: 28740495 PMCID: PMC5502409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes are important mediators of adoptive immunity but the mechanism of T cell receptor (TCR) triggering remains uncertain. The interspatial distance between engaged T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is believed to be important for topological rearrangement of membrane tyrosine phosphatases and initiation of TCR signaling. We investigated the relationship between ligand topology and affinity by generating a series of artificial APCs that express membrane-tethered anti-CD3 scFv with different affinities (OKT3, BC3, and 2C11) in addition to recombinant class I and II pMHC molecules. The dimensions of membrane-tethered anti-CD3 and pMHC molecules were progressively increased by insertion of different extracellular domains. In agreement with previous studies, elongation of pMHC molecules or low-affinity anti-CD3 scFv caused progressive loss of T cell activation. However, elongation of high-affinity ligands (BC3 and OKT3 scFv) did not abolish TCR phosphorylation and T cell activation. Mutation of key amino acids in OKT3 to reduce binding affinity to CD3 resulted in restoration of topological dependence on T cell activation. Our results show that high-affinity TCR ligands can effectively induce TCR triggering even at large interspatial distances between T cells and APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Mae Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Ameen Al-Aghbar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chun Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Hwang Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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10
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Chung TH, Choi IH. Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Profiles of Broilers Given Diets Supplemented with Fermented Red Ginseng Marc Powder Combined with Red Koji. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - IH Choi
- Joongbu University, South Korea
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11
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Kim SJ, Chung TH. Cold atmospheric plasma jet-generated RONS and their selective effects on normal and carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20332. [PMID: 26838306 PMCID: PMC4738260 DOI: 10.1038/srep20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric helium plasma jets were fabricated and utilized for plasma-cell interactions. The effect of operating parameters and jet design on the generation of specific reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) within cells and cellular response were investigated. It was found that plasma treatment induced the overproduction of RONS in various cancer cell lines selectively. The plasma under a relatively low applied voltage induced the detachment of cells, a reduction in cell viability, and apoptosis, while the plasma under higher applied voltage led to cellular necrosis in our case. To determine whether plasma-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation occurs through interfering with mitochondria-related cellular response, we examined the plasma effects on ROS generation in both parental A549 cells and A549 ρ(0) cells. It was observed that cancer cells were more susceptible to plasma-induced RONS (especially nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2(-)) radicals) than normal cells, and consequently, plasma induced apoptotic cell responses mainly in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ja Kim
- Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - T H Chung
- Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chung TH, Hsieh CC, Hsiao JK, Hsu SC, Yao M, Huang DM. Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles turn protumor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into antitumor MSCs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
dex-IO NPs can activate the antitumor mechanism (tumor tropism) but inactivate protumor mechanisms to transform protumor MSCs (pT-MSCs) into antitumor MSCs (aT-MSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County 35053
- Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County 35053
- Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging
- Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation & School of Medicine
- Tzu Chi University
- New Taipei City 23142
| | - Szu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Dong-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County 35053
- Taiwan
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Chung TH, Hsiao JK, Yao M, Hsu SC, Liu HM, Huang DM. Ferucarbotran, a carboxydextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle, induces endosomal recycling, contributing to cellular and exosomal EGFR overexpression for cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18810e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In ferucarbotran-labeled hMSCs, the internalized EGFRs are mostly redirected from late endosomes/lysosomes to recycling endosomes, which protects the lysosomal degradation of EGFR and results in cellular (membranous) and exosomal EGFR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County 35053
- Taiwan
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging
- Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation & School of Medicine
- Tzu Chi University
- New Taipei City 23142
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Hon-Man Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging
- National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Dong-Ming Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine
- National Health Research Institutes
- Miaoli County 35053
- Taiwan
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14
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Than NG, Romero R, Xu Y, Erez O, Xu Z, Bhatti G, Leavitt R, Chung TH, El-Azzamy H, LaJeunesse C, Wang B, Balogh A, Szalai G, Land S, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Chaiworapongsa T, Krispin M, Kim CJ, Tarca AL, Papp Z, Bohn H. Evolutionary origins of the placental expression of chromosome 19 cluster galectins and their complex dysregulation in preeclampsia. Placenta 2014; 35:855-65. [PMID: 25266889 PMCID: PMC4203431 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dysregulation of maternal-fetal immune tolerance is one of the proposed mechanisms leading to preeclampsia. Galectins are key regulator proteins of the immune response in vertebrates and maternal-fetal immune tolerance in eutherian mammals. Previously we found that three genes in a Chr19 cluster encoding for human placental galectin-13 (PP13), galectin-14 and galectin-16 emerged during primate evolution and may confer immune tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved various methodologies for gene and protein expression profiling, genomic DNA methylation analyses, functional assays on differentiating trophoblasts including gene silencing, luciferase reporter and methylation assays. These methods were applied on placental specimens, umbilical cord blood cells, primary trophoblasts and BeWo cells. Genomic DNA sequences were analyzed for transposable elements, transcription factor binding sites and evolutionary conservation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The villous trophoblastic expression of Chr19 cluster galectin genes is developmentally regulated by DNA methylation and induced by key transcription factors of villous placental development during trophoblast fusion and differentiation. This latter mechanism arose via the co-option of binding sites for these transcription factors through promoter evolution and the insertion of an anthropoid-specific L1PREC2 transposable element into the 5' untranslated region of an ancestral gene followed by gene duplication events. Among placental Chr19 cluster galectin genes, the expression of LGALS13 and LGALS14 is down-regulated in preterm severe preeclampsia associated with SGA. We reveal that this phenomenon is partly originated from the dysregulated expression of key transcription factors controlling trophoblastic functions and galectin gene expression. In addition, the differential DNA methylation of these genes was also observed in preterm preeclampsia irrespective of SGA. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal the evolutionary origins of the placental expression of Chr19 cluster galectins. The complex dysregulation of these genes in preeclampsia may alter immune tolerance mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - R Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Y Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - O Erez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Z Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - G Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - R Leavitt
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - T H Chung
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - H El-Azzamy
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - C LaJeunesse
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - B Wang
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - A Balogh
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Immunology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Szalai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - S Land
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Z Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
| | - S S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - T Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - M Krispin
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C J Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - A L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Z Papp
- Maternity Private Department, Kutvolgyi Clinical Block, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H Bohn
- Behringwerke AG, Marburg/Lahn, Germany
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15
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Teoh PJ, Chung TH, Sebastian S, Choo SN, Yan J, Ng SB, Fonseca R, Chng WJ. p53 haploinsufficiency and functional abnormalities in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2014; 28:2066-74. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Chung TH, Hsiao JK, Hsu SC, Yao M, Chen YC, Wang SW, Kuo MYP, Yang CS, Huang DM. Iron oxide nanoparticle-induced epidermal growth factor receptor expression in human stem cells for tumor therapy. ACS Nano 2011; 5:9807-9816. [PMID: 22053840 DOI: 10.1021/nn2033902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles show promise as labels for cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the application of stem cell-based therapy. However, the unaddressed concerns about the impact of SPIO nanoparticles on stem cell attributes make the feasibility of SPIO labeling uncertain. Here, we show that the labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with ferucarbotran can induce epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression. Labeled hMSCs with their overexpressed EGFR were attracted by tumorous EGF and more effectively migrated toward tumor than unlabeled cells, resulting in more potent intrinsic antitumor activity. Moreover, the captured binding of tumorous EGF by overexpressed EGFR of labeled hMSCs blocked EGF/EGFR signaling-derived tumor growth, tumorous angiogenesis, and tumorous VEGF expression also responsible for tumor progression and development. Our results show that the impact of SPIO nanoparticles on stem cell attributes is not necessarily harmful but can be cleverly used to be beneficial to stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hua Chung
- Center for Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Chung TH, Yen-Ping Kuo M, Chen JK, Huang DM. YC-1 rescues cancer cachexia by affecting lipolysis and adipogenesis. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2274-83. [PMID: 21557215 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss of adipose tissue, primarily due to increased lipolysis but also to an impairment of adipogenesis, is a key feature of weight loss in cancer cachexia. Because of the myriad pathogenic signaling pathways essential for atrophy of adipose tissue, effective therapeutic agents for cachectic adipose loss are lacking and urgently needed. The authors evaluated the effects of YC-1 on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, TNF-α- and tumor-cell-induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and cachectic weight loss in colon-26 adenocarcinoma-bearing mice because YC-1 has been shown to possess versatile pharmacological actions, including anticancer activity. It was found that YC-1 promotes the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes through activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways as well as activation of several adipogenic mediators, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), insulin receptor α (IRα), insulin receptor substrate-3 (IRS-3) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4). In the in vitro lipolysis models, YC-1 attenuates TNF-α-induced lipolysis of adipocytes by antagonizing TNF-α-mediated activation of ERK and downregulation of perilipin (PLIN). It was also found that YC-1 inhibits colon-26 adenocarcinoma cell-induced lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, YC-1 effectively rescues cachectic weight loss in colon-26 adenocarcinoma-bearing mice by blocking lipolysis, involving insulin. Taken together the results show that YC-1 with its anticancer and anticachexia talents is highly worth developing as a novel agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hua Chung
- Center for Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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18
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Chan A, Cheung YF, Yeung MA, Yeung J, Chung TH, Tsang KL, Chan J, Lau C, Kwan P, Kuo SH, Mok V. A validation study of the Chinese wearing off questionnaire 9-symptom for Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011; 113:538-40. [PMID: 21507565 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Development of wearing off (WO) often goes unnoticed for both patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and physicians due to the complexity of this phenomenon. A brief 9-symptom WO questionnaire (WOQ-9) was recently found to be highly sensitive in its detection. We aimed to validate a Chinese version WOQ-9 (CWOQ-9) among Chinese patients with PD. METHODS We recruited 101 literate Chinese PD patients among 4 different neurology or movement disorders clinics in Hong Kong to participate in this study by completing the CWOQ-9. Clinical judgment by the specialists was considered the gold standard for diagnosing WO. RESULTS The mean age (±SD) of the patients was 61 (±9) years and 35 (34.7%) of them were female. The disease duration was 7.4 (±5.4) years and 69 (68.3%) of them were diagnosed clinically to have WO by the specialists. The positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity and specificity of CWOQ-9 were 86%, 71%, 87%, and 69% respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.78 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This simple patient questionnaire is a valid tool for the detection of WO among Chinese PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Chng WJ, Huang GF, Chung TH, Ng SB, Gonzalez-Paz N, Troska-Price T, Mulligan G, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, Fonseca R. Clinical and biological implications of MYC activation: a common difference between MGUS and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2011; 25:1026-35. [PMID: 21468039 PMCID: PMC3432644 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Events mediating transformation from the pre-malignant monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown. We analyzed gene expression data sets generated on the Affymetrix U133 platform from 22 MGUS and 101 MM patients using gene-set enrichment analysis. Genes overexpressed in MM were enriched for cell cycle, proliferation and MYC activation gene sets. Upon dissecting the relationship between MYC and cell-cycle gene sets, we identified and validated an MYC activation signature dissociated from proliferation. Applying this signature, MYC is activated in 67% of myeloma, but not in MGUS. This was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using membrane CD138 and nuclear MYC double staining. We also showed that almost all tumors with RAS mutations expressed the MYC activation signature, and multiple mechanisms may be involved in activating MYC. MYC activation, whether assessed by gene-expression signature or IHC, is associated with hyperdiploid MM and shorter survival even in tumors that are not proliferative. Bortezomib treatment is able to overcome the survival disadvantage in patients with MYC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-J Chng
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
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20
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Chung CM, Cho KW, Hong SW, Kim YJ, Chung TH. Feasibility of electroflotation to separate solids and liquid in an activated sludge process. Environ Technol 2009; 30:1565-1573. [PMID: 20184001 DOI: 10.1080/09593330903313802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, electroflotation (EF) has been applied as a secondary clarification in the activated sludge process to improve the efficiency of the solids-liquid separation, which is essential in maintaining effluent quality. The effects of sludge settleability were examined through a series of batch and semi-continuous experiments. The results of the batch experiments revealed that thickening efficiencies using EF were 2.6 to 9.2 times higher than those with gravity settling (GS). In addition, clarification efficiencies were not significantly influenced by sludge settling properties, as compared with GS as a control. In the semi-continuous EF experiments, the concentrations of solids in the float layer were maintained above 10 g L(-1) during flotation, regardless of variations in sludge settleability. Furthermore, the volumetric gas proportion in the float layer increased as the gas to solids (G/S) ratio rose. This allowed the float layer to be more stably suspended against gravity at the top of the reactor. Based on the results obtained from these batch and semi-continuous experiments, an anoxic/oxic (AO) reactor combined with EF clarifier remained in successful continuous operation for four months. In comparison with conventional AO processes using a GS clarifier, enhanced clarification and thickening efficiencies were achieved through the EF-AO system. In addition, higher mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations (averaging 5300 mg L(-1)) in the bioreactor (EF-AO) were maintained via the return of highly concentrated sludge (averaging 16,400 mg L(-1)) from the EF clarifier. These findings suggest that EF could be a promising and effective alternative for the solids-liquid separation of poorly settling sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Chung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Kang SY, Chung TH, Chung KS. Three point method to characterize low-pressure electronegative discharges using electrostatic probe. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:013502. [PMID: 19191432 DOI: 10.1063/1.3065089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic probe measurements for low-pressure inductively coupled SF(6) plasmas are performed. From the current-voltage (I-V) curves of probe, the saturation currents of the positive ions and electrons and the electron temperature are measured. The electronegativity and the negative ion density are deduced by using the ratios of these parameters at three adjacent pressure points. The positive ion density is calculated by the orbital-motion-limited theory, and the electron temperatures are given either by the slope of the I-V curves or by the electron energy distribution function with the second derivative of I-V curves. The variations in the charged species density with pressure and power are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kang
- Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
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22
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Hsiao JK, Tsai CP, Chung TH, Hung Y, Yao M, Liu HM, Mou CY, Yang CS, Chen YC, Huang DM. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a delivery system of gadolinium for effective human stem cell tracking. Small 2008; 4:1445-1452. [PMID: 18680095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200701316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The progress of using gadolinium (Gd)-based nanoparticles in cellular tracking lags behind that of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, dual functional Gd-fluorescein isothiocyanate mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Gd-Dye@MSN) that possess green fluorescence and paramagnetism are developed in order to evaluate their potential as effective T1-enhancing trackers for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). hMSCs are labeled efficiently with Gd-Dye@MSN via endocytosis. Labeled hMSCs are unaffected in their viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacities into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, which can still be readily MRI detected. Imaging, with a clinical 1.5-T MRI system and a low incubation dosage of Gd, low detection cell numbers, and short incubation times is demonstrated on both loaded cells and hMSC-injected mouse brains. This study shows that the advantages of biocompatibility, durability, high internalizing efficiency, and pore architecture make MSNs an ideal vector of T1-agent for stem-cell tracking with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Huang DM, Chung TH, Hung Y, Lu F, Wu SH, Mou CY, Yao M, Chen YC. Internalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles induces transient but not sufficient osteogenic signals in human mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 231:208-15. [PMID: 18519141 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of nanoparticles is the prerequisite for their applications in biomedicine but can be misleading due to the absence of criteria for evaluating the safety and toxicity of those nanomaterials. Recent studies indicate that mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can easily internalize into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without apparent deleterious effects on cellular growth or differentiation, and hence are emerging as an ideal stem cell labeling agent. The objective of this study was to thoroughly investigate the effect of MSNs on osteogenesis induction and to examine their biocompatibility in hMSCs. Uptake of MSNs into hMSCs did not affect the cell viability, proliferation and regular osteogenic differentiation of the cells. However, the internalization of MSNs indeed induced actin polymerization and activated the small GTP-bound protein RhoA. The MSN-induced cellular protein responses as believed to cause osteogenesis of hMSCs did not result in promotion of regular osteogenic differentiation as analyzed by cytochemical stain and protein activity assay of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). When the effect of MSNs on ALP gene expression was further examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, MSN-treated hMSCs were shown to have significantly higher mRNA expression than control cells after 1-hour osteogenic induction. The induction of ALP gene expression by MSNs, however, was absent in cells after 1-day incubation with osteogenic differentiation. Together our results show that the internalization of MSNs had a significant effect on the transient protein response and osteogenic signal in hMSCs, thereby suggesting that the effects of nanoparticles on diverse aspects of cellular activities should be carefully evaluated even though the nanoparticles are generally considered as biocompatible at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Huang
- Center for Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan.
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24
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Chung TH, Wu SH, Yao M, Lu CW, Lin YS, Hung Y, Mou CY, Chen YC, Huang DM. The effect of surface charge on the uptake and biological function of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in 3T3-L1 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2007; 28:2959-66. [PMID: 17397919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular uptake of nanoparticles for stem cell labeling/tracking is considered as the most promising method. Recently mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are emerging as an idea agent for efficient stem cell labeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface charge on the highly efficient cellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity of MSNs in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The surface charge was varied by the degree of surface modification with N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride and the uptake of MSNs was detected by flow cytometry. 3T3-L1 cells were also used to compare the uptake behavior of MSNs between cell types. A clear correlation of positive surface charge and the number of fluorescence-labeled cells was mainly observed in 3T3-L1 cells. In both cells, uptake of unmodified MSNs was inhibited by phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and cytochalasin D (Cyt D) suggesting a clathrin- and an actin-dependent endocytosis were involved. With strongly positive-charged MSNs, the inhibitory effects were observed in 3T3-L1 cells but not in hMSCs. Without regard to the surface charge, uptake of MSNs into both cells did not affect their viability, proliferation, and differentiation. Our results show that MSNs uptake by hMSCs can be regulated by a threshold of positive surface charge but also imply that the modulation of surface charge on MSNs uptake is specific to cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hua Chung
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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Lu CW, Hung Y, Hsiao JK, Yao M, Chung TH, Lin YS, Wu SH, Hsu SC, Liu HM, Mou CY, Yang CS, Huang DM, Chen YC. Bifunctional magnetic silica nanoparticles for highly efficient human stem cell labeling. Nano Lett 2007; 7:149-54. [PMID: 17212455 DOI: 10.1021/nl0624263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle is emerging as an ideal probe for noninvasive cell tracking. However, its low intracellular labeling efficiency has limited the potential usage and has evoked great interest in developing new labeling strategies. We have developed fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-incorporated silica-coated core-shell SPIO nanoparticles, SPIO@SiO2(FITC), with diameters of 50 nm, as a bifunctionally magnetic vector that can efficiently label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), via clathrin- and actin-dependent endocytosis with subsequent intracellular localization in late endosomes/lysosomes. The uptake process displays a time- and dose-dependent behavior. In our system, SPIO@SiO2(FITC) nanoparticles induce sufficient cell MRI contrast at an incubation dosage as low as 0.5 microg of iron/mL of culture medium with 1.2x105 hMSCs, and the in vitro detection threshold of cell number is about 1x104 cells. Furthermore, 1.2x105 labeled cells can also be MRI-detected in a subcutaneous model in vivo. Labeled hMSCs are unaffected in their viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacities into adipocytes and osteocytes which can still be readily MRI detected. This is the first report that hMSCs can be efficiently labeled with MRI contrast nanoparticles and can be monitored in vitro and in vivo with a clinical 1.5-T MRI imager under low incubation concentration of iron oxide, short incubation time, and low detection cell numbers at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wen Lu
- Center for Nanomedicine Research and Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
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26
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Park KY, Kim DY, Chung TH. Granulation in an upflow anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating disintegrated waste activated sludge. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:105-11. [PMID: 16477977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An upflow anaerobic reactor operated with a sequencing batch mode to enhance high rate digestion of raw and thermally disintegrated waste activated sludge with formation of granules. The gas production rate doubled when disintegrated waste activated sludge was introduced. Gradual granulation took place and the dispersed particles become coarse granulation as the operation continued. The granular sludge showed relatively higher specific methanogenic activity than the dispersed sludge. Bacterial morphology by a scanning electron microscope showed diversity of bacteria such as filamentous, rod and spherical shape in the section of granules. Filamentous bacteria, which might support the frame of a granule, were observed as long chains at the outer surface. Meanwhile, rod and spherical bacteria, which might play a role in the initial stage of granule formation, were observed from the inner surface of the granule. High rate digestion of sludge along with efficient liquid-solids separation was achieved due mainly to development of sludge granules within the upflow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Park
- Environment and Process Technology Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
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27
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Kim HJ, Choi YG, Kim GD, Kim SH, Chung TH. Effect of enzymatic pretreatment on solubilization and volatile fatty acid production in fermentation of food waste. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:51-9. [PMID: 16459776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Food waste can be a valuable carbon source in biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems because of the high C/N and C/P ratio. However, pretreatment is necessary to promote hydrolysis of food waste because of the high concentration of volatile solids associated with organic matter. The influence of the enzymatic pretreatment on acid fermentation of food waste was investigated in this study. Solubilization of particulate matter in food waste was carried out using commercial enzymes. The acidification efficiency and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production potential of enzymatically pretreated food waste were examined. The highest volatile suspended solid (VSS) reduction was obtained with an enzyme mixture ratio of 1:2:1 for carbohydrase: protease: lipase. An optimum enzyme dosage for solubilization of food waste was 0.1% (V/V) with the enzyme mixture ratio of 1:2:1. In the acid fermentation of enzymatically pretreated food waste, the maximum VFA production and the highest VFA fraction in soluble COD (SCOD) were also achieved at 0.1% (V/N) of total enzyme dosage. Increase in VFA production at this level of enzyme dosage was over 300% compared with the control fermenter. The major form of VFA produced by fermentation was n-butyrate followed by acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- School of Civil, Urban and Geosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, 151-742, Seoul, South Korea.
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28
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Kim HJ, Choi YG, Kim DY, Kim DH, Chung TH. Effect of pretreatment on acid fermentation of organic solid waste. Water Sci Technol 2005; 52:153-60. [PMID: 16180422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of various pretreatment methods on acidogenesis of food waste from a cafeteria was investigated. Thermal, enzymatic, and combined thermal-enzymatic batch pretreatment were conducted. Solubilization of food waste in thermal or enzymatic pretreatment increased with either increasing thermal duration or enzyme dosage, respectively. An optimal condition in thermal or enzymatic pretreatment was 60 min of thermal processing or 0.1% (v/v) of enzyme dosage level, respectively, based on volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction. In the combined pretreatment, increased thermal duration also increased VSS reduction and the solubilization efficiency was higher than that in only enzymatic or thermal pretreatment. The maximum volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and the highest VFAs fraction in soluble COD in the acid fermentation were achieved with the food waste after 60 min of thermal processing followed by 0.1% (v/v) enzymatic treatment. Increase in VFAs production of the fermenter was over 380% compared to the control fermenter without any pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- School of Civil, Urban, and Geosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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29
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Cho J, Song KG, Yun H, Ahn KH, Kim JY, Chung TH. Quantitative analysis of biological effect on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor. Water Sci Technol 2005; 51:9-18. [PMID: 16003956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate solids concentration and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) effects on the membrane fouling in the submerged membrane bioreactor. The relationship between the solids retention time (SRT) and the amount of EPS is observed in three lab-scale MBRs. Additionally, the EPS effect on membrane fouling is quantified by calculating the specific cake resistance (alpha) using an unstirred batch cell test. By observing the sludge over a long period under various SRT scenarios, a wide range of EPS and membrane fouling data is obtained. These observations provide sufficient evidence of the functional relationship between SRT, EPS and alpha. As SRT decreases, the amount of EPS bound in sludge floc becomes higher in the high MLSS condition (> 5,000 mg/L). The amount of EPS in the sludge floc has positive influence on alpha. A sigmoid trend between EPS and alpha is observed and the functional relationship obtained by dimensional analysis is consistent with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Process and Technology.
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30
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Choi YG, Ko DH, Kim HJ, Chung TH. Determination of nanogram level of VSCs using GC-SCD and an adsorption tube. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:329-334. [PMID: 15237642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative analytical method was used for detection of low level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) using GC with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) in this study. A linear response over the range of 2-90 ngS injected was obtained with a good repeatability or reproducibility. Equimolar response for H2S, DMS, MeSH, and EtSH was obtained by use of SCD and the response of the SCD is nearly equimolar for different sulfur compounds. It was possible to quantify the total VSCs as well as individual VSC using one of the standard VSCs. VSC recovery was measured with respect to some storing methods. An adsorption tube packed with molecular sieve 5A showed almost perfect recovery for both H2S and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) during 6 days at a dark state below 2 degrees. Whereas, with a gas tight pyrex vial or tedlar bag, it was impossible to obtain the recovery of 50% after 6 days. It is strongly recommended to use the adsorption tube for determination of nanogram levels of volatile sulfur compounds and for storing and concentrating VSCs effectively with a minimum experimental error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Choi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
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Choi E, Yun Z, Chung TH. Strong nitrogenous and agro-wastewater: current technological overview and future direction. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:1-5. [PMID: 15137400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen input to our environment has increased tremendously during the last four decades. It has been recognized that most of the nitrogenous wastes are produced from animal farms and agro-industries, which discharge a large amount of nitrogen as well as organics. Various biological and physico-chemical means are considered or applied for nitrogen removal. Particularly, biological nitrite nitrification and denitrification, and struvite precipitation have received more attention as applicable processes for strong nitrogenous waste treatment. The advanced oxidation process appears to be more attractive than activated carbon adsorption in terms of the removal of refractory organics when a further treatment of biologically treated effluent is required. Technologies using membrane bioreactors were very effective for solids separation, while reverse osmosis was found to be efficient for water reuse purpose with sufficient removal of refractory organics and nitrogen along with biological treatment. Reuse or recycling of strong nitrogenous wastes and agro-wastewater will be a desirable direction for the future in order to prevent the nitrogenous and organic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
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Abstract
Depression is the most common psychiatric disturbance in Parkinson's disease. We conducted a Cochrane systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of antidepressant therapies in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Relevant trials were identified from electronic databases, reference lists and queries to antidepressant manufacturers. Three randomised controlled trials examined oral antidepressants in 106 patients with Parkinson's disease. No eligible trials of electroconvulsive or behavioural therapy were found. In the first arm of the crossover trial by Andersen et al. (n=22), nortriptyline treated patients showed a larger improvement than placebo in a unique depression rating scale after 16 weeks although significance levels were not provided. A parallel group trial by Wermuth et al. (n=37) did not show any significant difference between citalopram and placebo in Hamilton score after 52 weeks. Rabey et al. (n=47) performed an open-label trial comparing fluvoxamine with amitriptyline. Similar numbers in each group had a 50% reduction in Hamilton score after 16 months. Major side effects including visual hallucinations and confusion were reported with fluvoxamine and amitriptyline. Insufficient data on the effectiveness and safety of antidepressant therapies in Parkinson's disease are available on which to make recommendations for their use. Large scale randomised controlled trials are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Chung
- Department of Medicine, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Song EY, Kang SK, Lee YC, Park YG, Chung TH, Kwon DH, Byun SM, Kim CH. Expression of bisecting N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-III in human hepatocarcinoma tissues, fetal liver tissues, and hepatoma cell lines of Hep3B and HepG2. Cancer Invest 2002; 19:799-807. [PMID: 11768033 DOI: 10.1081/cnv-100107741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine/beta-D-mannoside beta-1,4 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GlcNAc-transferase-III C 2.4.1.144) activity was determined in human hepatoma cell lines of Hep3B and HepG2, and also compared with those of normal liver tissues and primary hepatocytes. GlcNAc-transferase-III enzymes of Hep3B and HepG2 were mainly detected in the membrane fraction. When GlcN,GlcN-biant-PA and UDP-GlcNAc were used as substrates, the Km values (4.7 mM for UDP-GlcNAc and 1.1 mM for GlcN, GlcN-biant-PA) of Hep3B GlcNAc-transferase-III were distinguishable from those of HepG2 GlcNAc-transferase-III (6.8 mM for UDP-GlcNAc and 3.4 mM for GlcN,GlcN-biant-PA). Furthermore, Hep3B enzyme in membrane fraction showed about 1.5-fold higher specific activity (1423 pmol/hr/mg) than that of HepG2 (1066 pmol/hr/mg). Normal liver cells and primary adult hepatocytes are characterized by a very low level of GlcNAc-transferase-III activity, whereas human hepatoma cells exhibited high activities. These data were supported by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results, showing that expression of the GlcNAc-transferase-III mRNA increased in proportion to the enzymatic activities. Although the mechanism underlying the induction of this enzyme is unknown, lectin blot analysis showed that oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins were observed in hepatoma cells. By treating hepatocarcinoma cultures that express GlcNAc-transferase-III with inhibitors (tunicamycin, deoxymannojirimycin, and swainsonine) of different steps of the glycosylation, we provide evidence that expression of GlcNAc-transferase-III mRNA is dependent on glycosylation of cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Song
- Cytochemical Analysis RU, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon
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Wu PL, Chung TH, Chou Y. Synthesis and mechanistic study of fused 2-pyrrolines via thermolysis of 6-substituted-3,5-hexadienyl azidoformates. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6585-94. [PMID: 11578208 DOI: 10.1021/jo010218j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermolysis of 3,5-hexadienyl azidoformates at 300 degrees C, 0.05 Torr, led to a fused 2-pyrroline regiospecifically, regardless of the configuration E or Z between the C-3 and C-4 double bond. Thermolysis of 6-substituted-3,5(E)-hexadienyl azidoformates yielded a kinetically controlled 2-pyrroline with cis configuration between H-1 and H-8a whereas 6-substituted-3,5(Z)-hexadienyl azidoformates produced a cis and trans mixture. The mechanism was proposed as the loss of nitrogen to form an acyl nitrene, then addition to a double bond to produce an aziridine. Finally the cleavage of the C-C bond generated a vinylazomethine ylide followed by recyclization to a fused 2-pyrroline.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, Republic of China.
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35
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Lee JG, Hur JM, Chang D, Chung TH. Performance characterization of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor process for digestion of night soil. Water Sci Technol 2001; 43:27-34. [PMID: 11379101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) process for night soil treatment. Performances of the reactors were evaluated at an equivalent hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 days with an equivalent loading rate of 2.6 kgVS/m3/d (3.1 kgCOD/m3/day) at 35 degrees C. Digestion of a night soil was possible using the ASBR at an HRT of 10 days in spite of high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and settleable solids. Solids were accumulated rapidly in the ASBRs, and their concentrations were 2.3-2.4 times higher than that in a completely mixed control reactor. Remarkable increases in gas production were observed in the ASBRs compared with the control reactor. Average increases in equivalent daily gas production from the ASBRs were 205-220% compared with that from the control run. The ASBR with reaction period/thickening period ratio (R/T ratio) of 1 showed a little higher gas production and organic removal efficiency than that with R/T ratio of 3. Volatile solids removals based on supernatant of the ASBRs were 12-14% higher than that of the control reactor. Thus, the ASBR was a stable and effective process for the treatment of night soil having high concentration of settleable organics and ammonia nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Lee
- Dept. of Environmental Management, An-Dong Science College, San 89 Kyo-Ri, Seohu-Meun, Andong-City, Kyongbuk 762-820, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study attempted to determine whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type changes would be caused by lithium. METHODS A total of 15 patients were chosen as subjects (4 males, 11 females) and completed tests in class I. Eight of the 15 patients completed tests in class II. Their mean age was 27 +/- 7 years. For an average of 51 +/- 17 days, lithium, 600-1,200 mg/day (mean daily dose: 920 +/- 211 mg) was administered for the HLA testing and then compared with the HLA type prior to the time the drug was administered. Class I type test was performed according to the Terasaki microcytotoxicity method and class II type by the Erlich polymerase chain reaction method. RESULTS Of the 15 subjects, 11 had changes in HLA-A, B, C types and two of the eight subjects had changes in HLA DR type. CONCLUSION Lithium, in the therapeutic dose, is considered to bring about changes in HLA expressions in as short a time period as 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.
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Wu JC, Chung TH, Tseng YZ, Wang SM. N-cadherin/catenin-based costameres in cultured chicken cardiomyocytes. J Cell Biochem 1999; 75:93-104. [PMID: 10462708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
N-cadherin is a member of the Ca(2+)-dependent cell adhesion molecules and plays an important role in the assembly of the adherens junction in chicken cardiomyocytes. In addition to being present at the cell-cell junction, N-cadherin is associated with costameres in extrajunctional regions. The significance of the N-cadherin-associated costameres and whether catenins are components of costameres in chicken cardiomyocytes are not known. In this study, double-labeling immunofluorescence microscopy was used to determine the extrajunctional distribution of both N-cadherin and its cytoplasmic associated proteins, alpha- and beta-catenins, and their relationship to myofibrillar Z-disc alpha-actinin. N-cadherin, alpha-, and beta-catenins were all found to be present at the extrajunctional region and, in some cases, were codistributed with myofibrillar alpha-actinin exhibiting a periodic staining pattern. Confocal microscopy confirmed that both N-cadherin and beta-catenin colocalized with peripheral myofibrillar alpha-actinin on the dorsal surface of cardiomyocytes as components of the costameres. Intracellular application of antibodies specific for the cytoplasmic portions of N-cadherin, alpha-, and beta-catenin, either by electroporation or microinjection, resulted in myofibril disorganization and disassembly. These results suggest the existence of N-cadherin/catenin-based costameres in the dorsal surface of cultured chicken cardiomyocytes in addition to the integrin/vinculin-based costameres found in the ventral surface and indicate that the former set of costameres is essential for cardiac myofibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Wu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10018, Taiwan.
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Kim KD, Kim JK, Kim SJ, Choe IS, Chung TH, Choe YK, Lim JS. Protective antitumor activity through dendritic cell immunization is mediated by NK cell as well as CTL activation. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:340-7. [PMID: 10489871 DOI: 10.1007/bf02979055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) capable of inducing the primary T cell response to antigen. Although tumor cells express target antigens, they are incapable of stimulating a tumor-specific immune response due to a defect in the costimulatory signal that is required for optimal activation of T cells. In this work, we describe a new approach using tumor-DC coculture to improve the antigen presenting capacity of tumor cells, which does not require a source of tumor-associated antigen. Immunization of a weakly immunogenic and progressive tumor cocultured with bone marrow-derived DCs generated an effective tumor vaccine. Immunization with the cocultured DCs was able to induce complete protective immunity against tumor challenges and was effective for the induction of tumor-specific CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) activity. Furthermore, high NK cell activity was observed in mice in which tumors were rejected. In addition, immunization with tumor-pulsed DCs induced delayed tumor growth, but not tumor eradication in tumor-bearing mice. Our results demonstrate that coculture of DCs with tumors generated antitumor immunity due to the NK cell activation as well as tumor-specific T cell. This approach would be useful for designing tumor vaccines using DCs when the information about tumor antigens is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon
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Hur JM, Chang D, Chung TH. Dynamic process response to sludge thickening behaviors in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating high-solids-content waste. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 87:525-30. [PMID: 16232509 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/1998] [Accepted: 10/05/1998] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-liquid separation and its type greatly affected the stability and performance of the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for municipal sludge digestion. Flotation thickening occurred in mesophilic ASBR, while solid-liquid separation in thermophilic ASBR followed a gravity thickening. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and cycle period as well as the type of thickening were key parameters governing sludge thickenability and critical solids accumulation. Thickened sludge volume was a critical operating variable in the ASBR with the gravity thickening, which had a poor performance because of the loss of thickened solids, and sludge interface disruption or instability of sludge bed due to internal gas evolution. A cyclic mutual effect between thickened volume and gas production was a serious in the gravity thickening, whereas it was insignificant in the flotation thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Hur
- New Environment Research Engineering Co., Ewha B/D 6FL., 8-21 Yangjae-Dong, Seoul 137-130, Korea
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40
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Abstract
Compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been extensively studied in western countries. However, there is little data concerning women in Asian countries. A retrospective study was performed to determine compliance in a group of Hong Kong Chinese women who commenced HRT over a 2 year period. Two years after the commencement of HRT, 68.3% were still taking HRT, although not always in the original formulation. The highest drop out rate occurred during the first 6 months. Factors which were associated with a higher degree of compliance were young age at menopause and at the time of initial consultation and the use of unopposed HRT. A number of significant medical problems were identified during the 2 years of follow up which may have remained otherwise undetected. Compliance with HRT appears to be comparable to that reported in other western specialist centres. Nearly 9% of women who stopped HRT did so because other doctors told them that they did need the treatment and another 6.5% because of the fear of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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41
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Choe YK, Huh YJ, Park JH, Kim JR, Park JS, Song JC, Ko JH, Lee YC, Nashiru O, Kim JK, Kim SJ, Bai GH, Chung TH, Chung TW, Choe IS, Kim CH. Improved isolation of genomic DNA from mycobacteria in agarose plugs by rapid lysis with a combination of N-acetylglucosaminidase and lysozyme. Biotechniques 1996; 20:547-52. [PMID: 8800667 DOI: 10.2144/19962004547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Choe
- Dong-Guk University Kyungpook, Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Seoul, South Korea
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Yu CL, Hsu JC, Shyr MH, Chung TH, Tan PP, Chen WJ, Huang TJ, Chen JY, Chang CN. [Intraoperative evoked potentials monitoring during spine surgery]. Ma Zui Xue Za Zhi 1991; 29:548-55. [PMID: 1758247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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43
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Yu CL, Hsu ZC, Chung TH, Tan PP, Chang CN. [Median nerve somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during carotid endarterectomy-report of one case]. Ma Zui Xue Za Zhi 1990; 28:83-90. [PMID: 2352467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carotid endarterectomy was performed on a 64 y/o female patient who had been suffering from multiple transient ischemic attacks caused by the stenosis of right common carotid artery at its bifurcation. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) was utilized for monitoring cerebral function during and after operation. Latency, amplitude and central conduction time (CCT) of bilateral N13 (CV2) and N20 (C3', C4') were measured as an aid for management of anesthesia, surgical procedure and postoperative care. The results showed SSEP which is sensitive for detection of cerebral ischemia and could help the surgeon and anesthesiologist maintaining optimal cerebral perfusion, but yields little information about postoperative hyperperfusion state. Besides evaluating the efficacy of SSEP, we discussed the problems encountered during the SSEP monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei
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Ting MC, Ng DH, Hsu JC, Chung TH. Hypotensive anesthesia for spinal fusion and Lugue spinal segmental instrumentation. Ma Zui Xue Za Zhi 1988; 26:427-30. [PMID: 3246954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wakabayashi K, Nagao M, Chung TH, Yin MQ, Karai I, Ochiai M, Tahira T, Sugimura T. Appearance of direct-acting mutagenicity of various foodstuffs produced in Japan and Southeast Asia on nitrite treatment. Mutat Res 1985; 158:119-24. [PMID: 3908924 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(85)90073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
After nitrite treatment, various kinds of pickled vegetables and sun-dried fishes produced in Japan showed direct-acting mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA100, inducing 1900-18000 revertants/g. Kimchis, sun-dried fishes, sun-dried squid, soy sauces, fish sauces, bean pastes and shrimp paste produced in Korea, the Philippines and Thailand also showed direct-acting mutagenicity after nitrite treatment. All soy sauces and fish sauces tested contained as much tyramine as 17-1020 micrograms/ml, but very low or undetectable amounts of (-)-(1S,3S)- and (-)-(1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids.
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Abstract
A simplified technique using labia minora for total lining of the neovagina succeeded in 7 of our 10 patients with encouraging cosmetic and physiological results. In the remaining 3 patients, because of the smaller size of the labia minora, additional free skin grafts were necessary. The surgical technique, especially the surgical anatomy of the labia minora, is described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Hwang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, China
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48
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Chung TH, Song JY, Hong SS. Inhibitory effect of tuberculo-protein complex, tubercin-3, on three cases of lepromatous leprosy. Yonsei Med J 1976; 17:131-5. [PMID: 829558 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1976.17.2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Chung TH, Vahouny GV, Treadwell CR. Dietary inhibition of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits by 2-ethyl-n-caproic acid. J Atheroscler Res 1969; 10:217-27. [PMID: 5381843 DOI: 10.1016/s0368-1319(69)80009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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