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Singh J, James D, Das S, Patel MK, Sutar RR, Achary VMM, Goel N, Gupta KJ, Reddy MK, Jha G, Sonti RV, Foyer CH, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Co-overexpression of SWEET sucrose transporters modulates sucrose synthesis and defence responses to enhance immunity against bacterial blight in rice. Plant Cell Environ 2024. [PMID: 38533652 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing carbohydrate export from source to sink tissues is considered to be a realistic approach for improving photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. The rice sucrose transporters OsSUT1, OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 contribute to sucrose phloem loading and seed filling. Crucially, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection in rice enhances the expression of OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 genes, and causes leaf blight. Here we show that co-overexpression of OsSUT1, OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 in rice reduced sucrose synthesis and transport leading to lower growth and yield but reduced susceptibility to Xoo relative to controls. The immunity-related hypersensitive response (HR) was enhanced in the transformed lines as indicated by the increased expression of defence genes, higher salicylic acid content and presence of HR lesions on the leaves. The results suggest that the increased expression of OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 in rice is perceived as a pathogen (Xoo) attack that triggers HR and results in constitutive activation of plant defences that are related to the signalling pathways of pathogen starvation. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the trade-off between plant growth and immunity because decreased susceptibility against Xoo compromised plant growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Donald James
- Forest Biotechnology Department, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | | | - Naveen Goel
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Malireddy K Reddy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh V Sonti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Baishnab C Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sonkar KS, Achary VMM, Sahoo S, Reddy MK, Arockiasamy A. Biochemical and structural characterization of a robust and thermostable ascorbate recycling monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) from stress adapted pearl millet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 662:135-141. [PMID: 37119729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (AsA) is a crucial antioxidant in plants, and its recycling is necessary for protecting cells from oxidative damage and imparting stress tolerance. The monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) enzyme of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway plays a vital role in recycling AsA from monodehydroascorbate (MDHA) radical. Pennisetum glaucum (Pg), also known as pearl millet, is known to be more tolerant to abiotic stress than other food crops, such as rice. However, the contribution of MDHAR from this sessile plant to its unique stress tolerance mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we isolated a gene encoding the MDHAR enzyme from heat stress-adapted pearl millet and characterized it using enzyme kinetics, thermal stability assays, and crystal structure determination. Our results indicate that PgMDHAR is a more robust enzyme than its rice counterpart (Oryza sativa; Os). We solved the crystal structure of PgMDHAR at 1.8 Å and found that the enzyme has a more compact structure and greater stability than OsMDHAR. Using hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics calculations, we demonstrate that the structure of PgMDHAR contributes to increased stability towards bound FAD. Overall, the higher structural stability and affinity for NADH demonstrated by PgMDHAR are expected to impart improved stress tolerance. Our findings suggest that transgenic food crops expressing MDHAR from stress-adapted pearl millet may exhibit better tolerance to oxidative stress in the unpredictable climatic conditions prevalent today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Shila Sonkar
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, ICGEB, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Sibasis Sahoo
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, ICGEB, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, ICGEB, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Arulandu Arockiasamy
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, ICGEB, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Das BK, Khan WA, Sreekumar SN, Ponraj K, Achary VMM, Reddy ES, Balasubramaniam D, Chandele A, Reddy MK, Arockiasamy A. Plant dehydroascorbate reductase moonlights as membrane integrated ion channel. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 741:109603. [PMID: 37084805 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs) are only known as soluble antioxidant enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway. They recycle ascorbate from dehydroascorbate, thereby protecting plants from oxidative stress and the resulting cellular damage. DHARs share structural GST fold with human chloride intracellular channels (HsCLICs) which are dimorphic proteins that exists in soluble enzymatic and membrane integrated ion channel forms. While the soluble form of DHAR has been extensively studied, the existence of a membrane integrated form remains unknown. We demonstrate for the first time using biochemistry, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and bilayer electrophysiology that Pennisetum glaucum DHAR (PgDHAR) is dimorphic and is localized to the plant plasma membrane. In addition, membrane translocation increases under induced oxidative stress. Similarly, HsCLIC1 translocates more into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) plasma membrane under induced oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, purified soluble PgDHAR spontaneously inserts and conducts ions in reconstituted lipid bilayers, and the addition of detergent facilitates insertion. In addition to the well-known soluble enzymatic form, our data provides conclusive evidence that plant DHAR also exists in a novel membrane-integrated form. Thus, the structure of DHAR ion channel form will help gain deeper insights into its function across various life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaba Krishna Das
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Wajahat Ali Khan
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sreeshma Nellootil Sreekumar
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kannapiran Ponraj
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - D Balasubramaniam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Arulandu Arockiasamy
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Singh BN, Achary VMM, Venkatapuram AK, Parmar H, Karippadakam S, Sopory SK, Reddy MK. Expression and functional analysis of various structural domains of tobacco topoisomerase II: To understand the mechanistic insights of plant type II topoisomerases. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:302-314. [PMID: 36442361 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to bacterial, yeast and animal systems, topoisomerases (topo) from plants have not been well studied. In this report, we generated four truncated topoisomerase II (Topo II) cDNA fragments encoding different functional domains of Nicotiana tabacum topo II (NtTopoII). Each of these recombinant polypeptides was expressed alone or in combination in temperature-sensitive topoisomerase II yeast mutants. Recombinant NtTopoII with truncated polypeptides fails to target the yeast nuclei and does not rescue the temperature-sensitive phenotype. In contrast complementation was achieved with the full-length NtTopoII, which localized to the yeast nucleus. These observations suggested the presence of a potent nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the extreme C-terminal 314 amino acid residues of NtTopoII that functioned effectively in the heterologous yeast system. Biochemical characterization of purified recombinant full-length and the partial NtTopoII polypeptides revealed that the ATP-binding and hydrolysis region of NtTopoIIwas located at 413 amino acid N-terminal region and this ATPase domain is functional both when it is expressed as a separate polypeptide or as part of the holoenzyme. The present findings also revealed that all NtTopoII truncated polypeptides were detrimental for in vitro supercoiled DNA relaxation and/or DNA nicking and ligation activity. Further, we discuss the possible disruption of coordinated macromolecular interface movements and the dimer interactions in truncated NtTopoII that are required for functional topoisomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Nath Singh
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, Delhi, India
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, Delhi, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Venkatapuram
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Hemangini Parmar
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Sangeetha Karippadakam
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sopory
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, Delhi, India.
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, Delhi, India.
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5
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Mehta S, Kumar A, Achary VMM, Ganesan P, Patel A, Singh A, Rathi N, Das TK, Lal SK, Reddy MK. Antifungal and defense elicitor activity of Potassium phosphite against fungal blast disease on ptxD-OE transgenic indica rice and its acceptor parent. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 182:105026. [PMID: 35249642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In rice farming, the blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr. is one of the primary production constraints worldwide. The current blast management options such as blast-resistant varieties and spraying fungicides are neither durable nor commercially and environmentally compatible. In the present study, we investigated the antifungal and defense elicitor activity of potassium phosphite (Phi) against M. oryzae on elite rice cultivar BPT5204 (popularly known as Samba Mahsuri in India) and its transgenic rice variant (ptxD-OE) over-expressing a phosphite dehydrogenase enzyme. The Phi was evaluated both preventively and curatively on rice genotypes where the preventive spray of Phi outperformed the Phi curative application with significant reductions in both rice blast severity (35.67-60.49%) and incidence (22.27-53.25%). Moreover, the application of Phi increased the levels of photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll and Carotenoids) coupled with increased activity of defense enzymes (PAL, SOD, and APx). Besides, Phi application also induced the expression of defense-associated genes (OsCEBiP and OsPDF2.2) in the rice leaf. Furthermore, the Phi application reduced the reactive Malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) to minimize the cellular damage incited by Magnaporthe in rice. Overall, the present study showed the potential of Phi for blast suppression on rice as an alternative to the current excessive use of toxic fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mehta
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - A Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakash Ganesan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Asharani Patel
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Asmita Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Neelmani Rathi
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - T K Das
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834010, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
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6
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Achary VMM, Reddy MK. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutation in GRAIN WIDTH and WEIGHT2 (GW2) locus improves aleurone layer and grain nutritional quality in rice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21941. [PMID: 34753955 PMCID: PMC8578329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing crop productivity and their nutritional quality are the key components and primary focus of crop improvement strategy for fulfilling future food demand and improving human health. Grain filling and endosperm development are the key determinants of grain yield and nutritional quality. GRAIN WIDTH and WEIGHT2 (GW2) gene encodes a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase and determines the grain weight in cereal crops. Here we report GW2 knockout (KO) mutants in Indica (var. MTU1010) through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The endosperm of GW2-KO mutant seed displays a thick aleurone layer with enhanced grain protein content. Further the loss of function of OsGW2 results in improved accumulation of essential dietary minerals (Fe, Zn, K, P, Ca) in the endosperm of rice grain. Additionally, the mutants displayed an early growth vigour phenotype with an improved root and shoot architecture. The hull morphology of GW2-KO lines also showed improved, grain filling thereby promoting larger grain architecture. Together, our findings indicate that GW2 may serve as a key regulator of improved grain architecture, grain nutritional quality and an important modulator of plant morphology. The study offers a strategy for the development of improved rice cultivars with enriched nutritional quality and its possible implementation in other cereals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mohan Murali Achary
- grid.425195.e0000 0004 0498 7682Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Malireddy K. Reddy
- grid.425195.e0000 0004 0498 7682Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Mehta S, Kumar A, Achary VMM, Ganesan P, Rathi N, Singh A, Sahu KP, Lal SK, Das TK, Reddy MK. Antifungal activity of glyphosate against fungal blast disease on glyphosate-tolerant OsmEPSPS transgenic rice. Plant Sci 2021; 311:111009. [PMID: 34482912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Weeds, pests, and pathogens are among the pre-harvest constraints in rice farming across rice-growing countries. For weed management, manual weeding and herbicides are widely practiced. Among the herbicides, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] is a broad-spectrum systemic chemical extensively used in agriculture. Being a competitive structural analog to phosphoenolpyruvate, it selectively inhibits the conserved 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme required for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and essential metabolites in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In the present study, we investigated the antifungal and defense elicitor activity of glyphosate against Magnaporthe oryzae on transgenic-rice overexpressing a glyphosate-resistance OsEPSPS gene (T173I + P177S; TIPS OsmEPSPS) for blast disease management. The glyphosate foliar spray on OsmEPSPS transgenic rice lines showed both prophylactic and curative suppression of blast disease comparable to a blasticide, tricyclazole. The glyphosate displayed direct antifungal activity on Magnaporthe oryzae as well as enhanced the levels of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments in rice. However, the genes associated with phytohormones-mediated defense (OsPAD4, OsNPR1.3, and OsFMO) and innate immunity pathway (OsCEBiP and OsCERK1) were found repressed upon glyphosate spray. Altogether, the current study is the first report highlighting the overexpression of a crop-specific TIPS mutation in conjugation with glyphosate application showing potential for blast disease management in rice cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mehta
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aundy Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakash Ganesan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelmani Rathi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Asmita Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - T K Das
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Achary VMM, Sheri V, Manna M, Panditi V, Borphukan B, Ram B, Agarwal A, Fartyal D, Teotia D, Masakapalli SK, Agrawal PK, Reddy MK. Overexpression of improved EPSPS gene results in field level glyphosate tolerance and higher grain yield in rice. Plant Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2504-2519. [PMID: 32516520 PMCID: PMC7680544 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a popular, systemic, broad-spectrum herbicide used in modern agriculture. Being a structural analog of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), it inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) which is responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and various aromatic secondary metabolites. Taking a lead from glyphosate-resistant weeds, two mutant variants of the rice EPSPS gene were developed by amino acid substitution (T173I + P177S; TIPS-OsEPSPS and G172A + T173I + P177S; GATIPS-OsEPSPS). These mutated EPSPS genes were overexpressed in rice under the control of either native EPSPS or constitutive promoters (maize ubiquitin [ZmUbi] promoter). The overexpression of TIPS-OsEPSPS under the control of the ZmUbi promoter resulted in higher tolerance to glyphosate (up to threefold of the recommended dose) without affecting the fitness and related agronomic traits of plants in both controlled and field conditions. Furthermore, such rice lines produced 17%-19% more grains compared to the wild type (WT) in the absence of glyphosate application and the phenylalanine and tryptophan contents in the transgenic seeds were found to be significantly higher in comparison with WT seeds. Our results also revealed that the native promoter guided expression of modified EPSPS genes did not significantly improve the glyphosate tolerance. The present study describing the introduction of a crop-specific TIPS mutation in class I aroA gene of rice and its overexpression have potential to substantially improve the yield and field level glyphosate tolerance in rice. This is the first report to observe that the EPSPS has role to play in improving grain yield of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Varakumar Panditi
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Bhabesh Borphukan
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Babu Ram
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Aakrati Agarwal
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Dhirendra Fartyal
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Deepa Teotia
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | | | | | - Malireddy K. Reddy
- Crop Improvement GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
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Fartyal D, Agarwal A, James D, Borphukan B, Ram B, Sheri V, Agrawal PK, Achary VMM, Reddy MK. Developing dual herbicide tolerant transgenic rice plants for sustainable weed management. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11598. [PMID: 30072810 PMCID: PMC6072789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbicides are important constituents of modern integrated weed management system. However, the continuous use of a single herbicide leads to the frequent evolution of resistant weeds which further challenges their management. To overcome this situation, alternating use of multiple herbicides along with conventional weed-management practices is suitable and recommended. The development of multiple herbicide-tolerant crops is still in its infancy, and only a few crops with herbicide tolerance traits have been reported and commercialized. In this study, we developed transgenic rice plants that were tolerant to both bensulfuron methyl (BM) and glufosinate herbicides. The herbicide tolerant mutant variant of rice AHAS (Acetohydroxyacid synthase) was overexpressed along with codon optimized bacterial bar gene. The developed transgenic lines showed significant tolerance to both herbicides at various stages of plant development. The selected transgenic lines displayed an increased tolerance against 100 μM BM and 30 mg/L phosphinothricin during seed germination stage. Foliar applications further confirmed the dual tolerance to 300 μM BM and 2% basta herbicides without any significant growth and yield penalties. The development of dual-herbicide-tolerant transgenic plants adds further information to the knowledge of crop herbicide tolerance for sustainable weed management in modern agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Fartyal
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aakrati Agarwal
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Donald James
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bhabesh Borphukan
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Babu Ram
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pawan K Agrawal
- National Agricultural Science Fund, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - M K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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10
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Singh BN, Achary VMM, Panditi V, Sopory SK, Reddy MK. Dynamics of tobacco DNA topoisomerases II in cell cycle regulation: to manage topological constrains during replication, transcription and mitotic chromosome condensation and segregation. Plant Mol Biol 2017; 94:595-607. [PMID: 28634865 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The topoisomerase II expression varies as a function of cell proliferation. Maximal topoisomerase II expression was tightly coupled to S phase and G2/M phase via both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Investigation in meiosis using pollen mother cells also revealed that it is not the major component of meiotic chromosomes, it seems to diffuse out once meiotic chromosomal condensation is completed. Synchronized tobacco BY-2 cell cultures were used to study the role of topoisomerase II in various stages of the cell cycle. Topoisomerase II transcript accumulation was observed during the S- and G2/M- phase of cell cycle. This biphasic expression pattern indicates the active requirement of topoisomerase II during these stages of the cell cycle. Through immuno-localization of topoisomerase II was observed diffusely throughout the nucleoplasm in interphase nuclei, whereas, the nucleolus region exhibited a more prominent immuno-positive staining that correlated with rRNA transcription, as shown by propidium iodide staining and BrUTP incorporation. The immuno-staining analysis also showed that topoisomerase II is the major component of mitotic chromosomes and remain attached to the chromosomes during cell division. The inhibition of topoisomerase II activity using specific inhibitors revealed quite dramatic effect on condensation of chromatin and chromosome individualization from prophase to metaphase transition. Partially condensed chromosomes were not arranged on metaphase plate and chromosomal perturbations were observed when advance to anaphase, suggesting the importance of topoisomerase II activity for proper chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis. Contrary, topoisomerase II is not the major component of meiotic chromosomes, even though mitosis and meiosis share many processes, including the DNA replication, chromosome condensation and precisely regulated partitioning of chromosomes into daughter cells. Even if topoisomerase II is required for individualization and condensation of meiotic chromosomes, it seems to diffuse out once meiotic chromosomal condensation is completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Nath Singh
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
- Waksman Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Varakumar Panditi
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India.
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Balestrazzi A, Achary VMM, Macovei A, Yoshiyama KO, Sakamoto AN. Editorial: Maintenance of Genome Integrity: DNA Damage Sensing, Signaling, Repair, and Replication in Plants. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:64. [PMID: 26913038 PMCID: PMC4753694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
| | - V. Mohan Murali Achary
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research InstituteLos Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Ayako N. Sakamoto
- Biotechnology and Medical Application Division, Japan Atomic Energy AgencyTakasaki, Japan
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Singh BN, Mudgil Y, John R, Achary VMM, Tripathy MK, Sopory SK, Reddy MK, Kaul T. Cell cycle stage-specific differential expression of topoisomerase I in tobacco BY-2 cells and its ectopic overexpression and knockdown unravels its crucial role in plant morphogenesis and development. Plant Sci 2015; 240:182-92. [PMID: 26475198 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases catalyze the inter-conversion of different topological forms of DNA. Cell cycle coupled differential accumulation of topoisomerase I (Topo I) revealed biphasic expression maximum at S-phase and M/G1-phase of cultured synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells. This suggested its active role in resolving topological constrains during DNA replication (S-phase) and chromosome decondensation (M/G1 phase). Immuno-localization revealed high concentrations of Topo I in nucleolus. Propidium iodide staining and Br-UTP incorporation patterns revealed direct correlation between immunofluorescence intensity and rRNA transcription activity within nucleolus. Immuno-stained chromosomes during metaphase and anaphase suggested possible role of Topo I in resolving topological constrains during mitotic chromosome condensation. Inhibitor studies showed that in comparison to Topo I, Topo II was essential in resolving topological constrains during chromosome condensation. Probably, Topo II substituted Topo I functioning to certain extent during chromosome condensation, but not vice-versa. Transgenic Topo I tobacco lines revealed morphological abnormalities and highlighted its crucial role in plant morphogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Nath Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Yashwanti Mudgil
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Riffat John
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Manas Kumar Tripathy
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Tanushri Kaul
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India.
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Singh J, Pandey P, James D, Chandrasekhar K, Achary VMM, Kaul T, Tripathy BC, Reddy MK. Enhancing C3 photosynthesis: an outlook on feasible interventions for crop improvement. Plant Biotechnol J 2014; 12:1217-30. [PMID: 25196090 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the declarations and collective measures taken to eradicate hunger at World Food Summits, food security remains one of the biggest issues that we are faced with. The current scenario could worsen due to the alarming increase in world population, further compounded by adverse climatic conditions, such as increase in atmospheric temperature, unforeseen droughts and decreasing soil moisture, which will decrease crop yield even further. Furthermore, the projected increase in yields of C3 crops as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is much less than anticipated. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase crop productivity beyond existing yield potentials to address the challenge of food security. One of the domains of plant biology that promises hope in overcoming this problem is study of C3 photosynthesis. In this review, we have examined the potential bottlenecks of C3 photosynthesis and the strategies undertaken to overcome them. The targets considered for possible intervention include RuBisCO, RuBisCO activase, Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle enzymes, CO2 and carbohydrate transport, and light reactions among many others. In addition, other areas which promise scope for improvement of C3 photosynthesis, such as mining natural genetic variations, mathematical modelling for identifying new targets, installing efficient carbon fixation and carbon concentrating mechanisms have been touched upon. Briefly, this review intends to shed light on the recent advances in enhancing C3 photosynthesis for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India; School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Pandey P, Achary VMM, Kalasamudramu V, Mahanty S, Reddy GM, Reddy MK. Molecular and biochemical characterization of dehydroascorbate reductase from a stress adapted C4 plant, pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br]. Plant Cell Rep 2014; 33:435-45. [PMID: 24317405 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE PgDHAR was isolated from Pennisetum glaucum. PgDHAR responded to abiotic stress and exhibited enzyme activity at broad ranges of temperature, pH and substrate concentrations suggesting its role in stress tolerance. ABSTRACT Dehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.8.5.1) is a crucial enzyme actively involved in the recycling of ascorbate redox pool in the cellular environment. In this study, the full-length cDNA coding for DHAR polypeptide and its corresponding gene was isolated from Pennisetum glaucum (PgDHAR). PgDHAR encodes a polypeptide of 213 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 23.4 kDa and shares 80-75 % sequence homology with DHAR from other plants. The heterologously expressed recombinant PgDHAR protein exhibited activity in a wide range of substrate concentrations. The recombinant PgDHAR is thermostable and retains its activity over a broad pH range. Furthermore, transcript level of PgDHAR is quantitatively up-regulated in response to temperature. On the whole, PgDHAR alone or in combination with other genes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle can be used for the development of stress tolerant as well as nutritionally improved food crop with enhanced ascorbic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Pandey
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India,
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Kumar A, Prasad MNV, Mohan Murali Achary V, Panda BB. Elucidation of lead-induced oxidative stress in Talinum triangulare roots by analysis of antioxidant responses and DNA damage at cellular level. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2013; 20:4551-61. [PMID: 23263755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were performed with Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. focusing the root cellular biochemistry with special emphasis on DNA damage, structural, and elemental analyses in Pb(NO3)2 exposed with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 mM for 7 days. Lead (Pb) increased reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, cell death, and DNA damage and decreased the protein content in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, a dose-dependent induction of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase by Pb was evident. Ascorbate peroxidase on the other hand responded biphasically to Pb treatments by showing induction at low (0.25 and 0.50) and repression at high (0.75-1.25 mM) concentrations. The estimation of proline content also indicated a similar biphasic trend. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that 1.25 mM Pb treatment resulted in ultrastructural modifications in roots and stem tissue that was marked by the change in the elemental profile. The findings pointed to the role of oxidative stress in the underlying Pb phytotoxicity and genotoxicity in T. triangulare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Mohan Murali Achary V, Patnaik AR, Panda BB. Oxidative biomarkers in leaf tissue of barley seedlings in response to aluminum stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012; 75:16-26. [PMID: 21899888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses to Al-stress in Hordeum vulgare seedling bioassay were evaluated with an objective to identify the possible biomarkers in leaf tissue that would be best suited to biomonitor aluminum (Al) in the environment. Germinating seeds were treated with different concentrations of AlCl(3) at pH 4.5 for 12h. Al-uptake and accumulation in root and leaf, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS: O(2)(-), H(2)O(2) and ()OH), cell death, activity of antioxidant enzymes: catalase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNase activity and DNA damage were measured in leaf tissue of the seedlings on day 6 after treatment. The above parameters assessed in leaf tissue that followed a dose-response exhibited significant correlation with concentration of Al(3+) in experimental solution as well as in root tissue. The findings underscored the sensitivity as well as potential of Hordeum vulgare seedling bioassay for biomonitoring of Al in the ambient environment.
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Achary VMM, Jena S, Panda KK, Panda BB. Aluminium induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in root cells of Allium cepa L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2008; 70:300-10. [PMID: 18068230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) was evaluated for induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage employing the growing roots of Allium cepa L. as the assay system. Intact roots of A. cepa were treated with different concentrations, 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, or 200 microM of aluminium chloride, at pH 4.5 for 4 h (or 2 h for comet assay) at room temperature, 25+/-1 degrees C. Following treatment the parameters investigated in root tissue were Al-uptake, cell death, extra cellular generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), viz. O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2) and (*)OH, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes namely catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX); and DNA damage, assessed by comet assay. The findings indicated that Al triggered generation of extra-cellular ROI following a dose-response. Through application of specific enzyme inhibitors it was demonstrated that extra-cellular generation of ROI was primarily due to the activity of cell wall bound NADH-PX. Generation of ROI in root tissue as well as cell death was better correlated to the levels of root Al-uptake rather than to the concentrations of Al in ambient experimental solutions. Induction of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation by Al were statistically significant. Whereas Al inhibited CAT activity, enhanced SOD, GPX and APX activities significantly; that followed dose-response. Comet assay provided evidence that Al induced DNA damage in a range of concentrations 50-200 microM, which was comparable to that induced by ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS), an alkylating mutagen served as the positive control. The findings provided evidence that Al comparable to biotic stress induced oxidative burst at the cell surface through up- or down-regulation of some of the key enzymes of oxidative metabolism ultimately resulting in oxidative stress leading to DNA damage and cell death in root cells of A. cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan Murali Achary
- Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, India
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