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Ur Rahman S, Qin A, Zain M, Mushtaq Z, Mehmood F, Riaz L, Naveed S, Ansari MJ, Saeed M, Ahmad I, Shehzad M. Pb uptake, accumulation, and translocation in plants: Plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular response: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27724. [PMID: 38500979 PMCID: PMC10945279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic contaminant that is ubiquitously present in the ecosystem and poses severe environmental issues, including hazards to soil-plant systems. This review focuses on the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of Pb metallic ions and their toxicological effects on plant morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. We highlight that the uptake of Pb metal is controlled by cation exchange capacity, pH, size of soil particles, root nature, and other physio-chemical limitations. Pb toxicity obstructs seed germination, root/shoot length, plant growth, and final crop-yield. Pb disrupts the nutrient uptake through roots, alters plasma membrane permeability, and disturbs chloroplast ultrastructure that triggers changes in respiration as well as transpiration activities, creates the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activates some enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Pb also impairs photosynthesis, disrupts water balance and mineral nutrients, changes hormonal status, and alters membrane structure and permeability. This review provides consolidated information concentrating on the current studies associated with Pb-induced oxidative stress and toxic conditions in various plants, highlighting the roles of different antioxidants in plants mitigating Pb-stress. Additionally, we discussed detoxification and tolerance responses in plants by regulating different gene expressions, protein, and glutathione metabolisms to resist Pb-induced phytotoxicity. Overall, various approaches to tackle Pb toxicity have been addressed; the phytoremediation techniques and biochar amendments are economical and eco-friendly remedies for improving Pb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Anzhen Qin
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zain Mushtaq
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mehmood
- Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, 47150, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
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Dong Q, Wu Y, Wang H, Li B, Huang R, Li H, Tao Q, Li Q, Tang X, Xu Q, Luo Y, Wang C. Integrated morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal response mechanisms of rice under different cadmium exposure routes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133688. [PMID: 38310845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the major cereal crops and takes up cadmium (Cd) more readily than other crops. Understanding the mechanism of Cd uptake and defense in rice can help us avoid Cd in the food chain. However, studies comparing Cd uptake, toxicity, and detoxification mechanisms of leaf and root Cd exposure at the morphological, physiological, and transcriptional levels are still lacking. Therefore, experiments were conducted in this study and found that root Cd exposure resulted in more severe oxidative and photosynthetic damage, lower plant biomass, higher Cd accumulation, and transcriptional changes in rice than leaf Cd exposure. The activation of phenylpropanoids biosynthesis in both root and leaf tissues under different Cd exposure routes suggests that increased lignin is the response mechanism of rice under Cd stress. Moreover, the roots of rice are more sensitive to Cd stress and their adaptation responses are more pronounced than those of leaves. Quantitative PCR revealed that OsPOX, OsCAD, OsPAL and OsCCR play important roles in the response to Cd stress, which further emphasize the importance of lignin. Therefore, this study provides theoretical evidence for future chemical and genetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis in crop plants to reduce Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dong
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youlin Luo
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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3
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Ilyas MZ, Sa KJ, Ali MW, Lee JK. Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops. PLANTA 2023; 259:18. [PMID: 38085368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements. Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by discovering biological players regulating plant metabolic pathways under stress. Lead (Pb) has been used for a variety of purposes since antiquity despite its toxic nature. After arsenic, lead is the most hazardous heavy metal without any known beneficial role in the biological system. It is a crucial inorganic pollutant that affects plant biochemical and morpho-physiological attributes. Lead toxicity harms plants throughout their life cycle and the extent of damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Higher levels of lead exposure disrupt numerous key metabolic activities of plants including oxygen-evolving complex, organelles integrity, photosystem II connectivity, and electron transport chain. This review summarizes the detrimental effects of lead toxicity on seed germination, crop growth, and yield, oxidative and ultra-structural alterations, as well as nutrient absorption, transport, and assimilation. Further, it discusses the Pb-induced toxic modulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic-enzymatic activity, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant activity. It is a comprehensive review that reports on omics-based studies along with morpho-physiological and biochemical modifications caused by lead stress. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomics and transcriptomics are gradually becoming popular for studying Pb stress effects in plants. Proteomics and metabolomics are still underrated and there is a scarcity of published data, and this review highlights both their technical and research gaps. Besides, there is also a discussion on how the integration of omics with bioinformatics and the use of the latest biotechnological tools can aid in developing Pb-tolerant crops. The review concludes with core challenges and research directions that need to be addressed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahaib Ilyas
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Crop Science, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Anjitha KS, Sarath NG, Sameena PP, Janeeshma E, Shackira AM, Puthur JT. Plant response to heavy metal stress toxicity: the role of metabolomics and other omics tools. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:965-982. [PMID: 37995340 DOI: 10.1071/fp23145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic investigations offers a significant foundation for improved comprehension of the adaptability of plants to reconfigure the key metabolic pathways and their response to changing climatic conditions. Their application to ecophysiology and ecotoxicology help to assess potential risks caused by the contaminants, their modes of action and the elucidation of metabolic pathways associated with stress responses. Heavy metal stress is one of the most significant environmental hazards affecting the physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Metabolomic tools have been widely utilised in the massive characterisation of the molecular structure of plants at various stages for understanding the diverse aspects of the cellular functioning underlying heavy metal stress-responsive mechanisms. This review emphasises on the recent progressions in metabolomics in plants subjected to heavy metal stresses. Also, it discusses the possibility of facilitating effective management strategies concerning metabolites for mitigating the negative impacts of heavy metal contaminants on the growth and productivity of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Anjitha
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O., Malappuram, Kerala 673635, India
| | - Nair G Sarath
- Department of Botany, Mar Athanasius College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala 686666, India
| | - P P Sameena
- Department of Botany, PSMO College, Tirurangadi, Malappuram, Kerala 676306, India
| | - Edappayil Janeeshma
- Department of Botany, MES KEVEEYAM College, Valanchery, Malappuram, Kerala 676552, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala 670142, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O., Malappuram, Kerala 673635, India
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Zhang DC, Ullah A, Tian P, Yu XZ. Response to gallium (Ga) exposure and its distribution in rice plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:121908-121914. [PMID: 37964144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture is the temporal and spatial configuration of root system in the heterogeneous matrix of soil that is prone to chemical stresses. Gallium (Ga) is among the emerging chemical pollutants that are mostly associated with high-tech industries, specifically associated with semiconductors. In view of its potential risk and increasing distribution in the environment, this study was designed to evaluate the inhibition rate, Ga distribution in different tissues, and root architecture of rice seedlings under different concentrations of Ga. We observed that 2.59, 46.7, and 168.2 mg Ga/L were minimum (EC20), medium (EC50), and maximum (EC75) effective concentrations for rice plants that corresponded to the 20, 50, and 75% inhibition on the relative growth rate, respectively. Distribution of Ga in rice tissues showed that accumulation of Ga was much higher in roots than shoots of rice seedlings, and it increased with an increase in Ga doses. Evan blue staining technique reveals that the number of damaged/dead cell was dose-dependent on Ga. Moreover, several traits associated with root system architecture demonstrating that rice root system architecture altered in response to Ga stress. Collectively, the results reveal that Ga exposure inhibited the growth and development of rice plants. This study will enhance our understanding that how different concentrations of Ga in the environment can affect plants; however, more comprehensive studies are essential to further determine plant response against Ga stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Abid Ullah
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Bhasin T, Lamture Y, Kumar M, Dhamecha R. Unveiling the Health Ramifications of Lead Poisoning: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46727. [PMID: 38021769 PMCID: PMC10631288 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of lead (Pb) in children's toys and paint is a significant global public health concern. Numerous studies conducted worldwide have measured lead concentrations in these products. This article aims to examine the research findings and shed light on the implications for human health, including legal consequences and public awareness. Despite regulations on lead levels in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) paints and children's toys in many countries, several reviewed documents indicate that these products often contain substantial amounts of lead, frequently surpassing legal limits. Particularly high levels of lead in paints have been found in countries such as China, Thailand, and Brazil. It is crucial to raise awareness among parents by educating them about this issue and empowering them to take proactive measures to protect their children from lead poisoning associated with toys and colored paints. There is also global support for eliminating lead pigments and regulating the amount of lead in PVC toys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taanvi Bhasin
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Yashwant Lamture
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rishi Dhamecha
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Ma Z, Yang K, Wang J, Ma J, Yao L, Si E, Li B, Ma X, Shang X, Meng Y, Wang H. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Low Phosphorus Tolerance of Barley Roots of Different Genotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1397. [PMID: 37408231 PMCID: PMC10217165 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an important role in plant growth and development, and in the response to various abiotic stresses. However, its role in the responses of barley to low phosphorus (LP) stress remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the root phenotypes and metabolic patterns of LP-tolerant (GN121) and LP-sensitive (GN42) barley genotypes under normal P, LP, and LP with exogenous melatonin (30 μM) conditions. We found that melatonin improved barley tolerance to LP mainly by increasing root length. Untargeted metabolomic analysis showed that metabolites such as carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, organooxygen compounds, benzene and substituted derivatives were involved in the LP stress response of barley roots, while melatonin mainly regulated indoles and derivatives, organooxygen compounds, and glycerophospholipids to alleviate LP stress. Interestingly, exogenous melatonin showed different metabolic patterns in different genotypes of barley in response to LP stress. In GN42, exogenous melatonin mainly promotes hormone-mediated root growth and increases antioxidant capacity to cope with LP damage, while in GN121, it mainly promotes the P remobilization to supplement phosphate in roots. Our study revealed the protective mechanisms of exogenous MT in alleviating LP stress of different genotypes of barley, which can be used in the production of phosphorus-deficient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengke Ma
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lirong Yao
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Erjing Si
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baochun Li
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaole Ma
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xunwu Shang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yaxiong Meng
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- State Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.M.); (K.Y.)
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Asare MO, Száková J, Tlustoš P. The fate of secondary metabolites in plants growing on Cd-, As-, and Pb-contaminated soils-a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11378-11398. [PMID: 36529801 PMCID: PMC9760545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The study used scattered literature to summarize the effects of excess Cd, As, and Pb from contaminated soils on plant secondary metabolites/bioactive compounds (non-nutrient organic substances). Hence, we provided a systematic overview involving the sources and forms of Cd, As, and Pb in soils, plant uptake, mechanisms governing the interaction of these risk elements during the formation of secondary metabolites, and subsequent effects. The biogeochemical characteristics of soils are directly responsible for the mobility and bioavailability of risk elements, which include pH, redox potential, dissolved organic carbon, clay content, Fe/Mn/Al oxides, and microbial transformations. The radial risk element flow in plant systems is restricted by the apoplastic barrier (e.g., Casparian strip) and chelation (phytochelatins and vacuole sequestration) in roots. However, bioaccumulation is primarily a function of risk element concentration and plant genotype. The translocation of risk elements to the shoot via the xylem and phloem is well-mediated by transporter proteins. Besides the dysfunction of growth, photosynthesis, and respiration, excess Cd, As, and Pb in plants trigger the production of secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties to counteract the toxic effects. Eventually, this affects the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites (including phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenes) and adversely influences their antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, and lipid-lowering properties. The mechanisms governing the translocation of Cd, As, and Pb are vital for regulating risk element accumulation in plants and subsequent effects on secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Asare
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiřina Száková
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustoš
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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de Lima SVAM, Marques DM, Silva MFS, Bressanin LA, Magalhães PC, de Souza TC. Applications of chitosan to the roots and shoots change the accumulation pattern of cadmium in Talinum patens (Talinaceae) cuttings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67787-67800. [PMID: 35524100 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan induces tolerance to abiotic stress agents in plants. However, studies on the different application forms of this biopolymer are limited. This study evaluated the effect of two forms of chitosan application on the morphophysiology of and metal accumulation by Talinum patens cuttings subjected to Cd to develop new cadmium (Cd) decontamination technologies. Cuttings from 75-day-old plants were transferred to a hydroponic system. For 30 days, three Cd concentrations (0, 7, and 14 mg L-1) and three forms of chitosan application (without application, root, and foliar) were applied. The cuttings were tolerant to Cd because the metal did not influence biomass production or photosynthetic efficiency. Neither chitosan application nor Cd increased the modified chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters. However, foliar chitosan reduced the transpiration rate. At the highest concentration of Cd, the application of chitosan in the root reduced the Mg content of the root system and shoots. The root application of chitosan increased the surface area and volume of thicker roots at the expense of finer ones. The foliar application resulted in greater total root length and surface area, mainly those finer. Furthermore, chitosan applied to the leaves activated catalase in the roots and leaves. In contrast to the root application, foliar application increased the accumulation of Cd in the roots. The action of catalase and the increase of fine roots may have favored a greater absorption of the nutrient solution and Cd in the chitosan foliar application treatment. It is concluded that chitosan foliar spraying can improve Cd rhizofiltration with T. patens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vitor Assis Machado de Lima
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria Marques
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe Soares Silva
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Leticia Aparecida Bressanin
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Magalhães
- Maize and Sorghum National Research Center, P. O. Box 151, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago Corrêa de Souza
- Institute of Natural Sciences - ICN, Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, 700, Gabriel Monteiro Street, P. O. Box, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.
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10
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Tikoria R, Kaur A, Ohri P. Potential of vermicompost extract in enhancing the biomass and bioactive components along with mitigation of Meloidogyne incognita-induced stress in tomato. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56023-56036. [PMID: 35332451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing inorganic fertilizer and pesticide use has been linked to increased health risks for humans and cattle, as well as substantial water and soil contamination. In recent years, vermicomposting has shown to be a viable alternative to chemical pesticides. Vermicompost and vermicompost products such as extract and leachate assist plants in a number of ways. According to recent studies, vermicompost extract (VCE), when used as a supplement, is thought to work as a growth and stress tolerance booster for plants. These liquid supplements also help to suppress a range of pests, such as root knot nematodes. In the present study, neem- and cattle dung-based vermicompost extracts of different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) were prepared and used for their application against nematode infection in tomato seedlings under laboratory conditions. Apart from its antagonistic action against Meloidogyne incognita, the influence of VCE on plant growth was investigated by analyzing its morphological characteristics in tomato seedlings infected and uninfected with M. incognita. Seeds were pre-soaked in VCE for the seed priming process before being allowed for germination. After 10 days of nematode inoculation, biochemical parameters like protein content, activity of antioxidative enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, stress indices, photosynthetic pigments, proline content and secondary metabolites were also analyzed. The results revealed that neem-based VCE was fatal to second-stage juveniles, with an 82% mortality rate following exposure to the highest dose. When eggs were exposed to 100% VCE, 33.8% of hatching was suppressed, indicating that VCE had an antagonistic effect on nematode egg hatching. Further, all the morphological and biochemical parameters were significantly enhanced in VCE-treated tomato seedlings as compared to untreated seedlings. Stress indices were also found to be significantly lowered by the VCE treatments in the infected plants. The effect of VCE on seedling growth and physiology was shown to be concentration dependent. As a result, the current findings show that VCE has the potential to be used as a plant growth accelerator as well as an environmentally friendly biocontrol agent against nematode pathogenesis in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Tikoria
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab-143005, India.
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11
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Meng Y, Zhou M, Wang T, Zhang G, Tu Y, Gong S, Zhang Y, Christiani DC, Au W, Liu Y, Xia ZL. Occupational lead exposure on genome-wide DNA methylation and DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119252. [PMID: 35385786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure can induce DNA damage and alter DNA methylation but their inter-relationships have not been adequately determined. Our overall aims were to explore such relationships and to evaluate underlying epigenetic mechanisms of Pb-induced genotoxicity in Chinese workers. Blood Pb levels (BLLs) were determined and used as individual's Pb-exposure dose and the Comet assay (i.e., % tail DNA) was conducted to evaluate DNA damage. In the screening assay, 850 K BeadChip sequencing was performed on peripheral blood from 10 controls (BLLs ≤100 μg/L) and 20 exposed workers (i.e., 10 DNA-damaged and 10 DNA-undamaged workers). Using the technique, differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between the controls and the exposed workers were identified. In addition, DMPs were identified between the DNA-undamaged and DNA-damaged workers (% tail DNA >2.14%). In our validation assay, methylation levels of four candidate genes were measured by pyrosequencing in an independent sample set (n = 305), including RRAGC (Ras related GTP binding C), USP1 (Ubiquitin specific protease 1), COPS7B (COP9 signalosome subunit 7 B) and CHEK1 (Checkpoint kinase 1). The result of comparisons between the controls and the Pb-exposed workers show that DMPs were significantly enriched in genes related to nerve conduction and cell cycle. Between DNA-damaged group and DNA-undamaged group, differentially methylated genes were enriched in the pathways related to cell cycle and DNA integrity checkpoints. Additionally, methylation levels of RRAGC and USP1 were negatively associated with BLLs (P < 0.05), and the former mediated 19.40% of the effect of Pb on the % tail DNA. These findings collectively indicated that Pb-induced DNA damage was closely related to methylation of genes in cell cycle regulation, and methylation levels of RRAGC were involved in Pb-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuting Tu
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyang Gong
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Au
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania, and Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Xia
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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12
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Hu SQ, Ran SY. Single Molecular Chelation Dynamics Reveals That DNA Has a Stronger Affinity toward Lead(II) than Cadmium(II). J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1876-1884. [PMID: 35196016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead ions can bind to DNA via nonelectrostatic interactions and hence alter its structure, which may be related to their adverse effects. The dynamics of Pb2+-DNA interaction has not been well understood. In this study, we report the monomolecular dynamics of the Pb2+-DNA interaction using a magnetic tweezers (MT) setup. We found that lead cations could induce DNA compaction at ionic strengths above 1 μM, which was also confirmed by morphology characterization. The chelation behavior of the Pb2+-DNA and the Cd2+-DNA complex solutions after adding EDTA were compared. The results showed that EDTA chelated with the bound metal ions on DNA and consequently led to restoring the DNA to its original length but with different restoration speeds for the two solutions. The fast binding dynamics and the slower chelation dynamics of the Pb2+ scenario compared to that of Cd2+ suggested that Pb2+ was more capable to induce DNA conformational change and that the Pb2+-DNA complex was more stable than the Cd2+-DNA complex. The stronger affinities for DNA bases and the inner binding of lead cations were two possible causes of the dynamics differences. Three agents, including EDTA, sodium gluconate, and SDBS, were used to remove the bound lead ions on DNA. It was shown that EDTA was the most efficient, and sodium gluconate could not fully restore DNA from its compact state. We concluded that both EDTA and SDBS were good candidates to restore the Pb2+-bound DNA to its original state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qian Hu
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shi-Yong Ran
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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13
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Uddin MM, Zakeel MCM, Zavahir JS, Marikar FMMT, Jahan I. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rice and Aquatic Plants Used as Human Food: A General Review. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120360. [PMID: 34941794 PMCID: PMC8706345 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are contaminated with heavy metals by natural and anthropogenic sources. Whilst some heavy metals are necessary for plants as micronutrients, others can be toxic to plants and humans even in trace concentrations. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) cause significant damage to aquatic ecosystems and can invariably affect human health. Rice, a staple diet of many nations, and other aquatic plants used as vegetables in many countries, can bioaccumulate heavy metals when they grow in contaminated aquatic environments. These metals can enter the human body through food chains, and the presence of heavy metals in food can lead to numerous human health consequences. Heavy metals in aquatic plants can affect plant physicochemical functions, growth, and crop yield. Various mitigation strategies are being continuously explored to avoid heavy metals entering aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the levels of heavy metals in rice and aquatic plants grown for food in contaminated aquatic environments is important. Further, it is imperative to adopt sustainable management approaches and mitigation mechanisms. Although narrowly focused reviews exist, this article provides novel information for improving our understanding about heavy metal accumulation in rice and aquatic plants, addressing the gaps in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Main Uddin
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mohamed Cassim Mohamed Zakeel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Junaida Shezmin Zavahir
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Faiz M. M. T. Marikar
- Staff Development Centre, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka;
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
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14
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Kaur G, Sharma P, Rathee S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Salicylic acid pre-treatment modulates Pb 2+-induced DNA damage vis-à-vis oxidative stress in Allium cepa roots. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51989-52000. [PMID: 33999323 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the putative role of salicylic acid (SA) in modulating Pb2+-induced DNA and oxidative damage in Allium cepa roots. Pb2+ exposure enhanced free radical generation and reduced DNA integrity and antioxidant machinery after 24 h; however, SA pre-treatment (for 24 h) ameliorated Pb2+ toxicity. Pb2+ exposure led to an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and enhanced superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical levels. SA improved the efficiency of enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate and guaiacol peroxidases [APX, GPX], superoxide dismutases [SOD], and catalases [CAT]) at 50-μM Pb2+ concentration. However, SA pre-treatment could not improve the efficiency of CAT and APX at 500 μM of Pb2+ treatment. Elevated levels of ascorbate and glutathione were observed in A. cepa roots pre-treated with SA and exposed to 50 μM Pb2+ treatment, except for oxidized glutathione. Nuclear membrane integrity test demonstrated the ameliorating effect of SA by reducing the number of dark blue-stained nuclei as compared to Pb2+ alone treatments. SA was successful in reducing DNA damage in cell exposed to higher concentration of Pb2+ (500 μM) as observed through comet assay. The study concludes that SA played a major role in enhancing defense mechanism and protecting against DNA damage by acclimatizing the plant to Pb2+-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Sonia Rathee
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| | - Daizy Rani Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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15
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Yu XZ, Chu YP, Zhang H, Lin YJ, Tian P. Jasmonic acid and hydrogen sulfide modulate transcriptional and enzymatic changes of plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and decrease oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. during thiocyanate exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1511-1520. [PMID: 32821975 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is evident that the plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play an important role in the generation of superoxide radicals (O2-•) in plants during defense responses. This study was to clarify activation of NOXs in oxidative damage in Oryza sativa during SCN- exposure, particularly in the roles of jasmonic acid (JA) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on transcriptional and enzymatic changes of NOXs. Results indicated that enzymatic activity of NOXs in both roots and shoots was significantly enhanced during SCN- exposure, whereas the application of JA and H2S donor (NaHS) significantly repressed NOXs activity in SCN-treated rice seedlings. Similarly, ROS analysis showed that SCN- exposure elevated the content of O2-•, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rice tissues significantly, whereas decreases in O2-• and H2O2 were detected in roots and shoots of SCN-treated rice seedlings due to application of JA and NaHS. PCR analysis revealed different expression patterns of 7 plasma membrane-localized NOX genes in rice roots and shoots against SCN- exposure, suggesting that various isogenes of NOXs might regulate and determine activity of NOXs in rice organs. In conclusion, SCN- exposure was able to trigger activation of NOXs effectively, and led to oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation; the effects of JA and NaHS on inactivation of NOXs was evident and tissue specific, which in turn modulated ROS accumulation in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China.
| | - Yun-Peng Chu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, 541004, Guilin, PR China
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16
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Liang C, Zhang Y, Ren X. Calcium regulates antioxidative isozyme activity for enhancing rice adaption to acid rain stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110876. [PMID: 33775371 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain, as a typical abiotic stress, damages plant growth and production. Calcium (Ca) mediates plant growth and links the signal transduction in plants for adapting to abiotic stresses. To understand the effect of Ca2+ on plant adaptable response to acid rain, we investigated changes in activities and gene expression of antioxidative enzymes and fatty acid composition of membrane lipid in rice seedlings treated with exogenous Ca2+ (5 mM) or/and simulated acid rain (SAR, pH 3.5 / 2.5). Exogenous Ca2+ enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase isozymes in rice leaves under SAR stress by promoting activation of existing isoforms and up-regulation of Cu/Zn-SOD1, Cu/Zn-SOD2, Cu/Zn-SOD3, CAT1, CAT2 and POD1. Compared to SAR treatment alone, exogenous Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced oxidative damage to cell membrane by enhancing antioxidative capacity, as shown by the decrease in concentrations of H2O2, O2- and malondialdehyde in rice leaves. Meanwhile, Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced decrease in unsaturation of membrane lipid for maintaining membrane fluidity. Finally, exogenous Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced inhibition on relative growth rate of rice. Therefore, Ca2+ could play a role in regulating activities of antioxidative enzymes as well as maintaining unsaturation of membrane lipid for enhancing tolerance in rice seedlings to acid rain stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, China.
| | - Yuanqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ren
- Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, China
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17
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Ranjan J, Mandal T, Mandal DD. Mechanistic insight for DBP induced growth inhibition in Vigna radiata via oxidative stress and DNA damage. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128062. [PMID: 33297068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination is important to the safeness of recouped water; though it shows concern about disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation and its toxic effects. DBPs generation mostly specified by category of disinfectant utilized and naturally occurring organic matter present in the water pre and post disinfection. Plants are exposed to diverse stresses of environment across their lifespan. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) perform significant roles in preserving ordinary plant growth and enhancing their tolerance towards stress. This study is focused on the generation and elimination of ROS in apical meristematic growth and responses in Vigna radiata towards DBPs exposure. Phytotoxic and genotoxic effect of selected DBPs, TCAA (trichloroacetic acid), TCM (trichloromethane), TBM (tribromomethane) revealed concentration-dependent root length inhibition, germination index, vigour index, tolerance index, root/shoot ratio with higher EC50 value for TCM (6000 mg/L, 50.26 mM) over TCAA and TBM (1850 mg/L, 11.32 mM; 4000 mg/L, 15.83 mM). DNA laddering assay demonstrated DBP induced DNA damage to be concentration-dependent too. The concentration-dependent increase in the lipid peroxidation, H2O2 generation for each DBPs examined with highest oxidative stress for TCAA over TBM and TCM at fixed concentration illustrates that possible mechanism behind observed toxicity may be via ROS. Its regulation by antioxidative defense enzymes activities can be attributed to observed decline in these enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase) activities with increasing concentration again where TCAA found more significantly affected than TBM and TCM over control. Results thus provide a useful understanding of the mechanism of DBP induced phytotoxicity and genotoxicity in V.radiata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Ranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Tamal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Dalia Dasgupta Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, 713209, West Bengal, India.
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18
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Growth and antioxidant responses of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seedlings to lead and simulated acid rain exposure. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Gu Y, Liang C. Responses of antioxidative enzymes and gene expression in Oryza sativa L and Cucumis sativus L seedlings to microcystins stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110351. [PMID: 32109583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) have become an important global environmental issue, causing oxidative stress, which is an important toxic mechanism for MCs in plants. However, the regulating mechanism of antioxidative enzymes in plants in adapting to MCs stress remains unclear. We studied the dynamic effects of MCs at different concentrations (5, 10, 50 and 100 μg/L) in rice and cucumber seedlings on relative growth rate (RGR), and reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidative enzyme activities, during a stress period (MCs exposed for 1, 3, 5 and 7 d) and recovery period (7 d). During the stress period, MCs at 5 μg/L inhibited RGR in cucumber and promoted RGR in rice. The contents of superoxide anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MDA increased and RGR declined in both crops with time and intensity of MCs stress. For cucumber, all these parameters responded earlier to MCs stress, and O2·-, MDA and RGR were more responsive to MCs stress than in rice. Moreover, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), and the relative expressions of CAT genes increased in both crops at 5-100 μg/L MCs, whereas relative expression of POD genes increased only in cucumber. Diversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) response to MCs in cucumber leaves was later than for rice. MCs at 100 μg/L decreased the relative expression of SOD genes in cucumber but did not change SOD activity. During the recovery period, all the above indicators in both crops were higher than the control and lower than in the stress period. Conversely, RGR was lower than in the control and higher than in the stress period, except for cucumber which was lower, and MDA content higher than the stress period at 100 μg/L MCs. Overall, these results indicated that cucumber was more sensitive to MCs than rice, and SOD, CAT and POD play an important role in plant response to MCs stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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20
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Lin YJ, Yu XZ, Li YH, Yang L. Inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory components (Complex I and Complex III) as stimuli to induce oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. under thiocyanate exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125472. [PMID: 31995896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Repression of the electron transport in mitochondria can result in an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. This study was to clarify inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory components (Complex I and Complex III) as stimuli to induce oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. under exogenous SCN- exposure with special emphasis on lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and DNA damage at the biochemical and molecular levels. Our results showed that enzymatic activity and gene expression of cytochrome c reductase (Complex III) in roots and shoots of rice seedlings were significantly repressed by SCN- exposure, where significant inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) was only detected in shoots, suggesting that Complex III was the main target attacked by SCN- ligand in rice roots, and both components were arrested in shoots. ROS analysis in tissues indicated that SCN- exposure caused significant accumulation of H2O2 and O2-•, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl content in rice materials in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, a remarkable elevation of electrolyte leakage was observed in rice tissue samples. The comet assay indicated a positive correlation between DNA damage and external SCN- exposure. In conclusion, oxidative burst generated from the inhibitions of the electron transport in mitochondria in rice seedlings under SCN- exposure can cause lipid peroxidation, protein modification and DNA damage, eventually decreasing fresh weight of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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21
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Agarwal S, Khan S. Heavy Metal Phytotoxicity: DNA Damage. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYTOTOXICITY OF HEAVY METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45975-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Rodriguez E, Sousa M, Gomes A, Azevedo R, Mariz-Ponte N, Sario S, Mendes RJ, Santos C. Genotoxic endpoints in a Pb-accumulating pea cultivar: insights into Pb 2+ contamination limits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32368-32373. [PMID: 31605360 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) persists among the most hazardous contaminant metals. Pb-induced genotoxic effects remain a matter of debate as they are a major cause of plant growth impairment, but assessing Pb genotoxicity requires the selection of Pb-sensitive genotoxic biomarkers. Seedlings of the ecotoxicological model species Pisum sativum L. were exposed to Pb2+ (≤ 2000 mg L-1). Flow cytometry (FCM) revealed that 28 days after, Pb2+ arrested root cell cycle at G2 but no eu/aneuploidies were found. Comet assay and FCM-clastogenicity assays showed that Pb2+ increased DNA breaks in roots at concentrations as low as 20 mg L-1. Leaves showed no variation in DNA-ploidy or cell cycle progression but had increased DNA breaks at the highest Pb2+ dose. We conclude that both Comet assay and the full-peak coefficient of variation (FPCV) were the most relevant endpoints of Pb-phytogenotoxicity. Also, the Pb-induced DNA breaks may be related with the arrest at the G2-checkpoint. Data will be relevant to better define Pb2+ ecogenotoxicological effects and their measuring tools and may contribute to a regulatory debate of this pollutant limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Rodriguez
- LBC, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia Sousa
- Department of Biology and LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anicia Gomes
- Department of Biology and LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Azevedo
- LBC, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- Department of Biology and LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Sario
- Department of Biology and LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rafael José Mendes
- Department of Biology and LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology and LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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23
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Defense manifestations of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in Ricinus communis L. exposed to lead in hydroponics. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major inorganic pollutant with no biological significance and has been a global concern. Phytotoxicity of lead induces toxic effects by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which inhibits most of the cellular processes in plants. Hydro-ponic experiments were performed with Ricinus communis to investigate the toxicity and antioxidant responses by exposing to different concentrations of lead (0, 200 and 400 µM) for 10 days. Pb stress caused a significant increase in electrolyte leakage, non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenols and flavonoids) and a decrease in the elemental profile of the plant. Histochemical visualization clearly indicates the significant increase of H2O2 production in dose-dependent manner under Pb stress. Likewise, an increase in catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity was also evident. Ascorbate peroxidase and MDAR, on the other hand, responded biphasically to Pb treatments showing a decrease in concentration. The decline in redox ratio GSH/GSSG was imposed by the indirect oxidative stress of Pb. Hence these findings showed the ameliorative potential of R. communis to sustain Pb toxicity under oxidative stress.
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Dappe V, Dumez S, Bernard F, Hanoune B, Cuny D, Dumat C, Sobanska S. The role of epicuticular waxes on foliar metal transfer and phytotoxicity in edible vegetables: case of Brassica oleracea species exposed to manufactured particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20092-20106. [PMID: 30264340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrialization and urbanization of intra- and peri-urban areas at the world scale are responsible for the degradation of the quality of edible crops, because of their contamination with airborne pollutants. Their consumption could lead to serious health risks. In this work, we aim to investigate the phytotoxicity induced by foliar transfer of atmospheric particles of industrial/urban origin. Leaves of cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea var. Prover) were contaminated with metal-rich particles (PbSO4 CuO and CdO) of micrometer size. A trichloroacetic acid (TCA) treatment was used to inhibit the synthesis of the epicuticular waxes in order to investigate their protective role against metallic particles toxicity. Besides the location of the particles on/in the leaves by microscopic techniques, photosynthetic activity measurements, genotoxicity assessment, and quantification of the gene expression have been studied for several durations of exposure (5, 10, and 15 days). The results show that the depletion of epicuticular waxes has a limited effect on the particle penetration in the leaf tissues. The stomatal openings appear to be the main pathway of particles entry inside the leaf tissues, as demonstrated by the overexpression of the BolC.CHLI1 gene. The effects of particles on the photosynthetic activity are limited, considering only the photosynthetic Fv/Fm parameter. The genotoxic effects were significant for the contaminated TCA-treated plants, especially after 10 days of exposure. Still, the cabbage plants are able to implement repair mechanisms quickly, and to thwart the physiological effects induced by the particles. Finally, the foliar contamination by metallic particles induces no serious damage to DNA, as observed by monitoring the BolC.OGG1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dappe
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sylvain Dumez
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Fabien Bernard
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hanoune
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, UMR 8522 CNRS, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Damien Cuny
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Camille Dumat
- Université de Toulouse INP-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université Toulouse - Le Mirail UTM-CERTOP CNRS UMR, 5044, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires UMR CNRS 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France.
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Qu M, Ding J, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhang Y, Di Y. Genetic impacts induced by BaP and Pb in Mytilus coruscus: Can RAPD be a validated tool in genotoxicity evaluation both in vivo and in vitro? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:529-538. [PMID: 30476815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) and lead (Pb) are common pollutants discharged greatly in ocean and causing detrimental impacts on marine organisms. Although mussels are one of the most prominent and frequently studied biological models, the research on their genomic alterations induced by the mixture of two totally different chemicals, is still rare. In present study, local marine mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed in vivo to BaP (53.74 ± 19.79 μg/L), Pb (2.58 ± 0.11 mg/L) and their mixture for 6 days. The genotoxic damages were assessed by comet assay, micronucleus (MNi) test, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Significantly increased though transitory genomic damage was investigated after the exposure and showed consistency using various detecting methods. Additive genotoxicity was only found after 3 days combined exposure by means of MNi test, suggesting that BaP and Pb may play with alternative biological targets during metabolism and/or interaction with the genome. The geno-stability and the recovery capability were further detected both in vivo and in vitro after challenged by BaP. RAPD results showed coherence in BaP induced genotoxicity, together with time-specific alterations. The genomic instability was found to recover in both in vivo and in vitro exposure scenarios in present study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the genotoxicitiy induced by BaP, Pb and their mixture by multiple detecting techniques. The attempt to utilize model pollutants and marine organism to validate the potential value of RAPD analysis highlighted that it might be a useful tool in the research of genotoxicology, especially on the effect-mechanism interplay at genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China.
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Kumar A, Prasad MNV. Plant-lead interactions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:401-418. [PMID: 30290327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural and human activities introduced an excess level of toxic lead (Pb) to the environment. Pb has no known biological significance and its interactions with plants lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pb and/or ROS have the potential to cause phytotoxicity by damaging the tissue ultrastructure, cellular components, and biomolecules. These damaging effects may possibly result in the inhibition of normal cellular functioning, physiological reactions, and overall plant performances. ROS play a dual role and act as a signaling molecule in plant defense system. This system encircles enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and enzymes from the ascorbate-glutathione cycle are the major enzymatic antioxidants, while non-enzymatic antioxidants include phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. Pb removal from contaminated sites using plants depend on the plant's Pb accumulation capacity, Pb-induced phytotoxicity, and tolerance and detoxification mechanisms plants adopted to combat against this phytotoxicity. However, the consolidated information discussing Pb-plant interaction including Pb uptake and its translocation within tissues, Pb-mediated phytotoxic symptoms, antioxidative mechanisms, cellular, and protein metabolisms are rather limited. Thus, we aimed to present a consolidated information and critical discussions focusing on the recent studies related to the Pb-induced toxicity and oxidative stress situations in different plants. The important functions of different antioxidants in plants during Pb stress have been reviewed. Additionally, tolerance responses and detoxification mechanisms in the plant through the regulation of gene expression, and glutathione and protein metabolisms to compete against Pb-induced phytotoxicity are also briefly discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India.
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Sachdeva C, Thakur K, Sharma A, Sharma KK. Lead: Tiny but Mighty Poison. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:132-146. [PMID: 29651203 PMCID: PMC5891462 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The documentation of lead toxicity (plumbism) dates back to the times when man learnt its various applications. This versatile heavy metal is non-degradable and its ability to get accumulated in the body that goes undiagnosed, makes it a serious environmental health hazard. Lead is now known to affect almost every organ/tissue of the human body. With irreversible effects on neurobiological development of young children and foetus, its toxicity has lasting implications on the human life. Outlining the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment therapy for lead poisoning, the present review elaborates the pathophysiological effects of lead on various organs. This will be of immense help to the health professionals so as to inculcate a better understanding of the lead poisoning which otherwise is asymptomatic. With chelation therapy being the classic path of treatment, new strategies are being explored as additive/adjunct therapy. It is now understood that lead toxicity is completely preventable. In this regard significant efforts are in place in the developed countries whereas much needs to be done in the developing countries. Spreading the awareness amongst the masses by educating them and reducing the usage of lead following stricter industry norms appears to be the only roadmap to prevent lead poisoning. Efforts being undertaken by the Government of India and other organisations are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaffy Sachdeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Distt. Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh 173001 India
| | - Kshema Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Distt. Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh 173001 India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Krishan Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Government Medical College, Nahan, Distt. Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh 173001 India
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Maleki M, Ghorbanpour M, Kariman K. Physiological and antioxidative responses of medicinal plants exposed to heavy metals stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bezerril Fontenele NM, Otoch MDLO, Gomes-Rochette NF, Sobreira ACDM, Barreto AAGC, de Oliveira FDB, Costa JH, Borges SDSS, do Nascimento RF, Fernandes de Melo D. Effect of lead on physiological and antioxidant responses in two Vigna unguiculata cultivars differing in Pb-accumulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 176:397-404. [PMID: 28278428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic anthropogenic pollutants, occurring widely in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, where it impairs plant growth and development. In this work, the effect of 0.5 mM EDTA-Pb was evaluated in two Vigna unguiculata cultivars (SV and SET), with the aim of detecting genotype/cultivar dependent changes in the physiological and anti-oxidant responses (CAT and APX) of a leguminous plant. The data showed that SV accumulated more Pb in roots while SET accumulated more in leaves, indicating differential regulation in Pb-translocation/accumulation. Lead affected the growth of SV less severely than SET, mainly associated with reduced inhibition in photosynthetic parameters. Furthermore, CAT and APX activities increased or were sustained at elevated levels in both cultivars in response to lead. However, gene expression analyses revealed that CAT1 was the main lead responsive gene in SET while CAT2 was more responsive in SV. APX1 was higher expressed in tissues with higher Pb-accumulation while APX2 was ubiquitously responsive to lead in both cultivars. Taken together, these results reveal differential ability of V. unguiculata cultivars in Pb-accumulation in different tissues affecting distinctly physiological and anti-oxidant responses. In addition, the existence of cultivars with predominant Pb-accumulation in aerial tissues invokes a need for studies to identify pollution-safe cultivars of leguminous plants to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Oliveira Otoch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Neuza Félix Gomes-Rochette
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Alana Cecília de Menezes Sobreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil; Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | | | - José Hélio Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | | | - Dirce Fernandes de Melo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.
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Daud MK, Mei L, Azizullah A, Dawood M, Ali I, Mahmood Q, Ullah W, Jamil M, Zhu SJ. Leaf-based physiological, metabolic, and ultrastructural changes in cultivated cotton cultivars under cadmium stress mediated by glutathione. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15551-64. [PMID: 27126868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is present in the world over especially in the industrialized parts of the world. To reduce Cd accumulation in various crops especially food crops, alleviating agents such as reduced glutathione (GSH) can be applied, which are capable either to exclude or to sequester Cd contamination. This study investigated the leaf-based spatial distribution of physiological, metabolic, and microstructural changes in two cotton cultivars (Coker 312 and TM-1) under GSH-mediated Cd stress using single levels of Cd (50 μM) and GSH (50 μM) both separately and in mix along with control. Results showed that GSH revived the morphology and physiology of both cotton cultivars alone or in mix with Cd. Cd uptake was enhanced in all segments of leaf and whole leaf upon the addition of GSH. GSH alleviated Cd-induced reduction in the photosynthetic pigment compositions and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Mean data of biomarkers (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC), total soluble protein (TSP), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) revealed the adverse effects of Cd stress on leaf segments of both cultivars, which were revived by GSH. The oxidative metabolism induced by Cd stress was profoundly influenced by exogenous GSH application. The microstructural alterations were mainly confined to chloroplastic regions of leaves under Cd-stressed conditions, which were greatly revived upon the GSH addition. As a whole, Cd stress greatly affected TM-1 as compared to Coker 312. These results suggest a positive role of GSH in alleviating Cd-mediated changes in different leaf sections of cotton cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Daud
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan.
| | - Lei Mei
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - S J Zhu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Assi MA, Hezmee MNM, Haron AW, Sabri MYM, Rajion MA. The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health. Vet World 2016; 9:660-71. [PMID: 27397992 PMCID: PMC4937060 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead, a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin: Plumbum, meaning “the liquid silver”) and has an atomic number 82 in the periodic table. It was the first element that was characterized by its kind of toxicity. In animal systems, lead (Pb) has been incriminated in a wide spectrum of toxic effects and it is considered one of the persistent ubiquitous heavy metals. Being exposed to this metal could lead to the change of testicular functions in human beings as well as in the wildlife. The lead poising is a real threat to the public health, especially in the developing countries. Accordingly, great efforts on the part of the occupational and public health have been taken to curb the dangers of this metal. Hematopoietic, renal, reproductive, and central nervous system are among the parts of the human body and systems that are vulnerable toward the dangers following exposure to high level of Pb. In this review, we discussed the massive harmful impact that leads acetate toxicity has on the animals and the worrying fact that this harmful toxicant can be found quite easily in the environment and abundance. Highlighting its (Pb) effects on various organs in the biological systems, its economic, as well as scientific importance, with the view to educate the public/professionals who work in this area. In this study, we focus on the current studies and research related to lead toxicity in animals and also to a certain extent toward human as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Assi
- Department of Community Health, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al_Furat Al_Awsat Technical University, Iraq; Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Mohd Hezmee
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abd Wahid Haron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusof Mohd Sabri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Rajion
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cuypers A, Hendrix S, Amaral dos Reis R, De Smet S, Deckers J, Gielen H, Jozefczak M, Loix C, Vercampt H, Vangronsveld J, Keunen E. Hydrogen Peroxide, Signaling in Disguise during Metal Phytotoxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:470. [PMID: 27199999 PMCID: PMC4843763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to excess metals are challenged by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide ([Formula: see text]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical ((•)OH). The mechanisms underlying this oxidative challenge are often dependent on metal-specific properties and might play a role in stress perception, signaling and acclimation. Although ROS were initially considered as toxic compounds causing damage to various cellular structures, their role as signaling molecules became a topic of intense research over the last decade. Hydrogen peroxide in particular is important in signaling because of its relatively low toxicity, long lifespan and its ability to cross cellular membranes. The delicate balance between its production and scavenging by a plethora of enzymatic and metabolic antioxidants is crucial in the onset of diverse signaling cascades that finally lead to plant acclimation to metal stress. In this review, our current knowledge on the dual role of ROS in metal-exposed plants is presented. Evidence for a relationship between H2O2 and plant metal tolerance is provided. Furthermore, emphasis is put on recent advances in understanding cellular damage and downstream signaling responses as a result of metal-induced H2O2 production. Finally, special attention is paid to the interaction between H2O2 and other signaling components such as transcription factors, mitogen-activated protein kinases, phytohormones and regulating systems (e.g. microRNAs). These responses potentially underlie metal-induced senescence in plants. Elucidating the signaling network activated during metal stress is a pivotal step to make progress in applied technologies like phytoremediation of polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek, Belgium
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Mostofa MG, Saegusa D, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates Salt Tolerance in Rice by Maintaining Na(+)/K(+) Balance, Mineral Homeostasis and Oxidative Metabolism Under Excessive Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1055. [PMID: 26734015 PMCID: PMC4685665 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Being a salt sensitive crop, rice growth and development are frequently affected by soil salinity. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently explored as an important priming agent regulating diverse physiological processes of plant growth and development. Despite its enormous prospects in plant systems, the role of H2S in plant stress tolerance is still elusive. Here, a combined pharmacological, physiological and biochemical approach was executed aiming to examine the possible mechanism of H2S in enhancement of rice salt stress tolerance. We showed that pretreating rice plants with H2S donor sodium bisulfide (NaHS) clearly improved, but application of H2S scavenger hypotaurine with NaHS decreased growth and biomass-related parameters under salt stress. NaHS-pretreated salt-stressed plants exhibited increased chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble protein contents, as well as suppressed accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to oxidative damage protection. The protective mechanism of H2S against oxidative stress was correlated with the elevated levels of ascorbic acid, glutathione, redox states, and the enhanced activities of ROS- and methylglyoxal-detoxifying enzymes. Notably, the ability to decrease the uptake of Na(+) and the Na(+)/K(+) ratio, as well as to balance mineral contents indicated a role of H2S in ion homeostasis under salt stress. Altogether, our results highlight that modulation of the level of endogenous H2S genetically or exogenously could be employed to attain better growth and development of rice, and perhaps other crops, under salt stress. Furthermore, our study reveals the importance of the implication of gasotransmitters like H2S for the management of salt stress, thus assisting rice plants to adapt to adverse environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad G. Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Daisuke Saegusa
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa UniversityMiki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa UniversityMiki, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
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Lanier C, Manier N, Cuny D, Deram A. The comet assay in higher terrestrial plant model: Review and evolutionary trends. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:6-20. [PMID: 26327498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a sensitive technique for the measurement of DNA damage in individual cells. Although it has been primarily applied to animal cells, its adaptation to higher plant tissues significantly extends the utility of plants for environmental genotoxicity research. The present review focuses on 101 key publications and discusses protocols and evolutionary trends specific to higher plants. General consensus validates the use of the percentage of DNA found in the tail, the alkaline version of the test and root study. The comet protocol has proved its effectiveness and its adaptability for cultivated plant models. Its transposition in wild plants thus appears as a logical evolution. However, certain aspects of the protocol can be improved, namely through the systematic use of positive controls and increasing the number of nuclei read. These optimizations will permit the increase in the performance of this test, namely when interpreting mechanistic and physiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lanier
- Université Lille 2, EA 4483, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Nicolas Manier
- INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, B.P. 2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Damien Cuny
- Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Annabelle Deram
- Université Lille 2, EA 4483, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France; Université Lille 2, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS), EA 4483, 42, Rue Ambroise Paré, 59120 Loos, France.
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Kaur G, Kaur S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK, Rishi V. Biochemical Adaptations in Zea mays Roots to Short-Term Pb(2+) Exposure: ROS Generation and Metabolism. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:246-53. [PMID: 26048438 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of lead (0, 16, 40 and 80 mg L(-1) Pb2+) exposure for 3, 12 and 24 h on root biochemistry in hydroponically grown Zea mays (maize). Pb2+ exposure (80 mg L(-1)) enhanced malondialdehyde content (239%-427%), reactive carbonyl groups (425%-512%) and H2O2 (129%-294%) accumulation during 3-24 h of treatment, thereby indicating cellular peroxidation and oxidative damage. The quantitative estimations were in accordance with in situ detection of ROS generation (using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dye) and H2O2 accumulation. Pb2+ treatment significantly reduced ascorbate and glutathione content during 3-24 h of exposure. On the contrary, levels of non-protein thiols were enhanced by 3-11.8 time over control in response to 16-80 mg L(-1) Pb2+ treatment, after 24 h. A dose-dependent induction in ascorbate peroxidase and lipoxygenase enzyme activity was observed in Z. mays roots. The activities of ascorbate-recycling enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase) were significantly increased in relation to concentration and duration of Pb2+ treatment. The study concludes that Pb2+-exposure induces ROS-mediated oxidative damage during early period of exposure despite the upregulation of enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Yu XZ, Zhang XH. DNA-protein cross-links involved in growth inhibition of rice seedlings exposed to Ga. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10830-10838. [PMID: 25772880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX45) exposed to gallium nitrate (Ga(3+)) to investigate the accumulation of Ga in plant tissues and phytotoxic responses. Results showed that phyto-transport of Ga was apparent, and roots were the dominant site for Ga accumulation. The total accumulation rates of Ga responded biphasically to Ga treatments by showing increases at low (1.06-8.52 mg Ga/L) and constants at high (8.52-15.63 mg Ga/L) concentrations, suggesting that accumulation kinetics of Ga followed a typical saturation curve. Higher amount of Ga accumulation in plant tissues led to significant inhibition in relative growth rate and water use efficiency in a dose-dependent manner. DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) analysis revealed that overaccumulation of Ga in plant tissues positively stimulated formation of DPCs in roots. Likewise, the measure of root cell viability evaluated by Evan blue uptake showed a similar trend. These results suggested that Ga can be absorbed, transported, and accumulated in plant materials of rice seedlings. Overaccumulation of Ga in plant tissues provoked the formation of DPCs in roots, which resulted in cell death and growth inhibition of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China,
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Santos CLV, Pourrut B, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. The use of comet assay in plant toxicology: recent advances. Front Genet 2015; 6:216. [PMID: 26175750 PMCID: PMC4485349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic study of genotoxicity in plants induced by contaminants and other stress agents has been hindered to date by the lack of reliable and robust biomarkers. The comet assay is a versatile and sensitive method for the evaluation of DNA damages and DNA repair capacity at single-cell level. Due to its simplicity and sensitivity, and the small number of cells required to obtain robust results, the use of plant comet assay has drastically increased in the last decade. For years its use was restricted to a few model species, e.g., Allium cepa, Nicotiana tabacum, Vicia faba, or Arabidopsis thaliana but this number largely increased in the last years. Plant comet assay has been used to study the genotoxic impact of radiation, chemicals including pesticides, phytocompounds, heavy metals, nanoparticles or contaminated complex matrices. Here we will review the most recent data on the use of this technique as a standard approach for studying the genotoxic effects of different stress conditions on plants. Also, we will discuss the integration of information provided by the comet assay with other DNA-damage indicators, and with cellular responses including oxidative stress, cell division or cell death. Finally, we will focus on putative relations between transcripts related with DNA damage pathways, DNA replication and repair, oxidative stress and cell cycle progression that have been identified in plant cells with comet assays demonstrating DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement - Groupe ISA Lille, France
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
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Yu XZ, Zhang XH, Yue DM. Alternation of antioxidative enzyme gene expression in rice seedlings exposed to methylene blue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:14014-14022. [PMID: 25037098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. ND1) exposed to methylene blue (MB) to investigate the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Results showed that a linear decrease in relative growth rate and water use efficiency was observed with rice seedlings with increasing MB concentrations. MB-induced accumulation of H2O2 was evident in both roots and shoots. The activities of antioxidative enzymes were analyzed and found to be different at different MB treatment concentrations. The activities of enzymes related to the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were more sensitive to MB treatments than other antioxidative enzymes. Transcript level, by real-time quantitative PCR, of antioxidative enzymes showed that the analyzed genes were differently expressed during different MB concentrations in both roots and shoots. The isoform analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene showed that the expressions of Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD were relatively constant, where significant upregulation of FeSOD was observed with rice seedlings exposed to high MB concentrations. Furthermore, the expression of CAT, POD, and MDHAR genes responded biphasically to MB treatments by showing negligible changes at 1.56-15.63 μM MB and significant induction at 31.36-62.52 μM MB. The expression of GR, APX, and DHAR genes showed a remarkable induction to MB. Our results suggest that on transcription level, and in accordance with enzymatic responses, enzymes of GR, APX, and DHAR play central role in the H2O2 detoxification in rice seedlings under MB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China,
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Zhang H, Wei K, Zhang M, Liu R, Chen Y. Assessing the mechanism of DNA damage induced by lead through direct and indirect interactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 136:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Yang X, Wang B, Zeng H, Cai C, Hu Q, Cai S, Xu L, Meng X, Zou F. Role of the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter in Pb²⁺-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma cells. Brain Res 2014; 1575:12-21. [PMID: 24881885 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb(2+)) has been shown to induce cellular oxidative stress, which is linked to changes in intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration. The mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU) participates in the maintenance of Ca(2+) homeostasis in neurons, but its role in Pb(2+)-induced oxidative stress is unclear. To address this question, oxidative stress was induced in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in newborn rats by Pb(2+) treatment. The results showed that the production of reactive oxygen species is increased in cells upon treatment with Pb(2+) in a dose-dependent manner, while glutathione and MCU expression were reduced. Moreover, neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein expression was elevated in rats exposed to Pb(2+) during gestation, while MCU expression was decreased. Application of the MCU activator spermine or MCU overexpression reversed Pb(2+)-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, while the MCU inhibitor Ru360 and MCU knockdown potentiated the effects of Pb(2+). These results indicate that the MCU mediates the Pb(2+)-induced oxidative stress response in neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongqiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunqing Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kumar A, Majeti NVP. Proteomic responses to lead-induced oxidative stress in Talinum triangulare Jacq. (Willd.) roots: identification of key biomarkers related to glutathione metabolisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8750-64. [PMID: 24705950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Talinum triangulare Jacq. (Willd.) treated with different lead (Pb) concentrations for 7 days has been investigated to understand the mechanisms of ascorbate-glutathione metabolisms in response to Pb-induced oxidative stress. Proteomic study was performed for control and 1.25 mM Pb-treated plants to examine the root protein dynamics in the presence of Pb. Results of our analysis showed that Pb treatment caused a decrease in non-protein thiols, reduced glutathione (GSH), total ascorbate, total glutathione, GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, and activities of glutathione reductase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Conversely, cysteine and GSSG contents and glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased after Pb treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed our metabolic and proteomic studies and showed that amino, phenolic, and carboxylic acids as well as alcoholic, amide, and ester-containing biomolecules had key roles in detoxification of Pb/Pb-induced toxic metabolites. Proteomic analysis revealed an increase in relative abundance of 20 major proteins and 3 new proteins (appeared only in 1.25 mM Pb). Abundant proteins during 1.25 mM Pb stress conditions have given a very clear indication about their involvement in root architecture, energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, cell signaling, primary and secondary metabolisms, and molecular transport systems. Relative accumulation patterns of both common and newly identified proteins are highly correlated with our other morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India,
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Cadmium-induced upregulation of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species caused physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural changes in upland cotton seedlings. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:374063. [PMID: 24459668 PMCID: PMC3888702 DOI: 10.1155/2013/374063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity was investigated in cotton cultivar (ZMS-49) using physiological, ultrastructural, and biochemical parameters. Biomass-based tolerance index decreased, and water contents increased at 500 μM Cd. Photosynthetic efficiency determined by chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments declined under Cd stress. Cd contents were more in roots than shoots. A significant decrease in nutrient levels was found in roots and stem. A significant decrease in nutrient levels was found in roots and stems. In response to Cd stress, more MDA and ROS contents were produced in leaves than in other parts of the seedlings. Total soluble proteins were reduced in all parts except in roots at 500 μM Cd. Oxidative metabolism was higher in leaves than aerial parts of the plant. There were insignificant alterations in roots and leaves ultrastructures such as a little increase in nucleoli, vacuoles, starch granules, and plastoglobuli in Cd-imposed stressful conditions. Scanning micrographs at 500 μM Cd showed a reduced number of stomata as well as near absence of closed stomata. Cd depositions were located in cell wall, vacuoles, and intracellular spaces using TEM-EDX technology. Upregulation of oxidative metabolism, less ultrastructural modification, and Cd deposition in dead parts of cells show that ZMS-49 has genetic potential to resist Cd stress, which need to be explored.
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Daud MK, Ali S, Variath MT, Zhu SJ. Differential physiological, ultramorphological and metabolic responses of cotton cultivars under cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2593-602. [PMID: 24344393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress may cause serious physiological, ultramorphological and biochemical anomalies in plants. Cd-induced physiological, subcellular and metabolic alterations in two transgenic cotton cultivars (BR001, GK30) and their parent line (Coker 312) were evaluated using 10, 100 and 1000 µM Cd. Germination, fresh biomass of roots, stems and leaves were significantly inhibited at 1000 µM Cd. Root volume tolerance index significantly increased (124.16%) in Coker 312 at 1000 µM Cd. In non-Cd stressed conditions, electron micrographs showed well-configured root meristem and leaf mesophyll cells. At 1000 µM Cd, greater ultramorphological alterations were observed in BR001 followed by GK30 and Coker 312. These changes were observed in nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria and chloroplast. Dense precipitates, probably Cd, were seen in vacuoles, which were also attached to the cell walls. A considerable increase in number of nuclei, vacuoles, starch granules and plastoglobuli was observed in the electron micrographs of both roots and leaves at 1000 µM Cd. MDA contents were higher in roots of BR001 at 1000 µM Cd. Mean values of SOD activity in leaves of both BR001 and GK30 at 1000 µM Cd significantly increased as compared to the controls. POD activity in roots of BR001 and Coker 312 was greater at all Cd (10, 100, 1000 µM) levels over the control. Regarding APX, highest percent increase (71.64%) in roots of GK30 at 1000 µM Cd was found. Non-significant differences in CAT activity were observed at all levels of Cd stress in leaves of BR001 and GK30. Both transgenic cotton cultivars and their parental line invariably responded towards Cd stress. However, Coker 312 showed Cd-resistant behavior as compared to its progeny lines (BR001 and GK30).
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