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Li YQ, Ghafari M, Holbrook AJ, Boonen I, Amor N, Catalano S, Webster JP, Li YY, Li HT, Vergote V, Maes P, Chong YL, Laudisoit A, Baelo P, Ngoy S, Mbalitini SG, Gembu GC, Musaba AP, Goüy de Bellocq J, Leirs H, Verheyen E, Pybus OG, Katzourakis A, Alagaili AN, Gryseels S, Li YC, Suchard MA, Bletsa M, Lemey P. The evolutionary history of hepaciviruses. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.30.547218. [PMID: 37425679 PMCID: PMC10327235 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In the search for natural reservoirs of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a broad diversity of non-human viruses within the Hepacivirus genus has been uncovered. However, the evolutionary dynamics that shaped the diversity and timescale of hepaciviruses evolution remain elusive. To gain further insights into the origins and evolution of this genus, we screened a large dataset of wild mammal samples (n = 1,672) from Africa and Asia, and generated 34 full-length hepacivirus genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of these data together with publicly available genomes emphasizes the importance of rodents as hepacivirus hosts and we identify 13 rodent species and 3 rodent genera (in Cricetidae and Muridae families) as novel hosts of hepaciviruses. Through co-phylogenetic analyses, we demonstrate that hepacivirus diversity has been affected by cross-species transmission events against the backdrop of detectable signal of virus-host co-divergence in the deep evolutionary history. Using a Bayesian phylogenetic multidimensional scaling approach, we explore the extent to which host relatedness and geographic distances have structured present-day hepacivirus diversity. Our results provide evidence for a substantial structuring of mammalian hepacivirus diversity by host as well as geography, with a somewhat more irregular diffusion process in geographic space. Finally, using a mechanistic model that accounts for substitution saturation, we provide the first formal estimates of the timescale of hepacivirus evolution and estimate the origin of the genus to be about 22 million years ago. Our results offer a comprehensive overview of the micro- and macroevolutionary processes that have shaped hepacivirus diversity and enhance our understanding of the long-term evolution of the Hepacivirus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- YQ Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - M Ghafari
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1, UK
| | - AJ Holbrook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - I Boonen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - N Amor
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology, and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Department of Biology - Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - S Catalano
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - JP Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - YY Li
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - HT Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - V Vergote
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - P Maes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - YL Chong
- Animal Resource Science and Management Group, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Malaysia
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - A Laudisoit
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10018, USA
- Evolutionary Ecology group (EVECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - P Baelo
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - S Ngoy
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - SG Mbalitini
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - GC Gembu
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Akawa P Musaba
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - J Goüy de Bellocq
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - H Leirs
- Evolutionary Ecology group (EVECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - E Verheyen
- Evolutionary Ecology group (EVECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - OG Pybus
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A Katzourakis
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1, UK
| | - AN Alagaili
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology, and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Department of Biology - Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
| | - S Gryseels
- Evolutionary Ecology group (EVECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - YC Li
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - MA Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M Bletsa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - P Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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Vergote V, Uyttebroeck A, Deroose C, Fieuws S, Laleman W, Sprangers B, Van Cleemput J, Verhoef G, Vos R, Tousseyn T, Dierickx D. CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOME OF POST-TRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS AFTER SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION. Leuk Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(22)00231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Montes de Jesus F, Dierickx D, Vergote V, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Deroose CM, Glaudemans AWJM, Gheysens O, Kwee TC. Prognostic superiority of International Prognostic Index over [ 18F]FDG PET/CT volumetric parameters in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:29. [PMID: 33738643 PMCID: PMC7973341 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are a spectrum of hematological malignancies occurring after solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [18F]FDG PET/CT is routinely performed at PTLD diagnosis, allowing for both staging of the disease and quantification of volumetric parameters, such as whole-body metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine the prognostic value of MTV and TLG in PTLD patients, together with other variables of interest, such as the International Prognostic Index (IPI), organ transplant type, EBV tumor status, time after transplant, albumin levels and PTLD morphology. Results A total of 88 patients were included. The 1-, 3-, 5- year overall survival rates were 67%, 58% and 43% respectively. Multivariable analysis indicated that a high IPI (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.13–2.16) and an EBV-negative tumor (HR: 2.71, 95% CI: 1.38–5.32) were associated with poor overall survival. Patients with a kidney transplant had a longer overall survival than any other organ recipients (HR: 0.38 95% CI: 0.16–0.89). IPI was found to be the best predicting parameter of overall survival in our cohort. Whole-body MTV, TLG, time after transplant, hypoalbuminemia and PTLD morphology were not associated with overall survival. Conclusion [18F]FDG PET/CT whole-body volumetric quantitative parameters were not predictive of overall survival in PTLD. In our cohort, high IPI and an EBV-negative tumor were found to predictors of worse overall survival while kidney transplant patients had a longer overall survival compared to other organ transplant recipients
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Affiliation(s)
- F Montes de Jesus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - D Dierickx
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Vergote
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Noordzij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C M Deroose
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - O Gheysens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T C Kwee
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Burney C, Robinson S, Boumendil A, Finel H, Khvedelidze I, Hunter H, Poire X, Lioure B, Peggs K, Foa R, Pillai S, van Meerten T, Bargay Lleonart J, Schmid C, Vergote V, Ganser A, Castagna L, Mufti G, Montoto S. THE EFFICACY OF IBRUTINIB IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA AFTER FIRST LINE INTENSIVE CHEMO-IMMUNOTHERAPY AND ASCT - A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY FROM THE LWP-EBMT. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.53_2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.N. Burney
- Department of Haematology; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - S. Robinson
- Department of Haematology; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - A. Boumendil
- Lymphoma Working Party; European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Paris France
| | - H. Finel
- Lymphoma Working Party; European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Paris France
| | - I. Khvedelidze
- Lymphoma Working Party; European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Paris France
| | - H. Hunter
- Department of Haematology; University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust; Plymouth United Kingdom
| | - X. Poire
- Section of Haematology; Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc; Brussels Belgium
| | - B. Lioure
- Onco-Hematologie; Nouvel Hopital Civil; Strasbourg France
| | - K. Peggs
- Department of Haematology; University College London Hospitals NHS Trust; London United Kingdom
| | - R. Foa
- Division of Haematology; Univ. La Sapienza; Rome Italy
| | - S. Pillai
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital of North Staffordshire; Stoke-On-Trent United Kingdom
| | - T. van Meerten
- Hematologie Groningen; University Medical Center; Groningen Netherlands
| | - J. Bargay Lleonart
- Department of haematology; Hospital son Llatzer; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - C. Schmid
- Department of oncology and hematology; Klinikum Augsburg; Augsburg Germany
| | - V. Vergote
- Department of haematologie; University Hospital Gasthuisberg; Leuven Belgium
| | - A. Ganser
- Department of Hematology; Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - L. Castagna
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit; Istituto Clinico Humanitas; Rozzano Milan Italy
| | - G. Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine; GKT School of Medicine; London United Kingdom
| | - S. Montoto
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology; Barts NHS Health Trust; London United Kingdom
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Clement J, Lee APK, Verpooten GA, Laenen L, Vergote V, De Samblanx H, Berneman ZN, Van Ranst M, Maes P. Acute hantavirus infection presenting as haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS): the importance of early clinical diagnosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 37:135-140. [PMID: 28986730 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The European prototype of hantavirus, Puumala virus (PUUV), isolated from a common wild rodent, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), causes nephropathia epidemica (NE). NE can perfectly mimic haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS), progressing from an aspecific flu-like syndrome to acute kidney injury with thrombocytopaenia, and presenting with some signs of haemolytic anaemia and/or coagulopathy. Moreover, both NE and HUS can occur in local outbreaks. We report an isolated case of NE, initially referred for plasmapheresis for suspected HUS, although signs of overt haemolysis were lacking. Early suspicion of hantavirus infection, later confirmed by serology and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), prevented subsequent excessive treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Clement
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A P K Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - G A Verpooten
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - L Laenen
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Vergote
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H De Samblanx
- Department of Haematology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Z N Berneman
- Department of Haematology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Van Ranst
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Maes
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Clement J, Vergote V, Laenen L, Van Ranst M. Letter to the editor: Distinguishing between hantavirus-induced haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and pregnancy-induced liver pathologies (AFLP and HELLP syndromes). Euro Surveill 2013. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.18.22.20493-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Clement
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Vergote
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Laenen
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Van Ranst
- National Reference Laboratory for Hantavirus Infections, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Clement J, Vergote V, Laenen L, Van Ranst M. Distinguishing between hantavirus-induced haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and pregnancy-induced liver pathologies (AFLP and HELLP syndromes. Euro Surveill 2013; 18:20493. [PMID: 23787079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
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Gizzi M, Delaere B, Weynand B, Clement J, Maes P, Vergote V, Laenen L, Hjelle B, Verroken A, Dive A, Michaux I, Evrard P, Creytens D, Bulpa P. Another case of "European hantavirus pulmonary syndrome" with severe lung, prior to kidney, involvement, and diagnosed by viral inclusions in lung macrophages. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1341-5. [PMID: 23670277 PMCID: PMC7102061 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV) is considered a classic Old World etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). HFRS is considered to be distinct from hantavirus (cardio-)pulmonary syndrome (HPS or HCPS), described in the New World. Here, we report a severe case, which fulfilled most, if not all, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for HPS, needing non-invasive ventilation and subsequent acute hemodialysis. However, the etiological agent was PUUV, as proved by serological testing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing. Viral antigen was detected by specific anti-PUUV immunostaining, showing, for the first time, greenish intracytoplasmic inclusions in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages. This case definitely confirms that HPS can be encountered during PUUV infections. Interestingly, special findings could render the diagnosis easier, such as greenish homogeneous cytoplasmic inclusions, surrounded by a fine clear halo in BAL macrophages. Therefore, although the diagnosis remains difficult before the onset of renal involvement, the occurrence of severe respiratory failure mimicking community-acquired pneumonia must alert the clinician for possible HPS, especially in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gizzi
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - B. Delaere
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - B. Weynand
- Pathology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - J. Clement
- National Reference Centre for Hantaviruses, University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, KU Belgium
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, KU Belgium
| | - P. Maes
- National Reference Centre for Hantaviruses, University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, KU Belgium
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, KU Belgium
| | - V. Vergote
- National Reference Centre for Hantaviruses, University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, KU Belgium
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, KU Belgium
| | - L. Laenen
- National Reference Centre for Hantaviruses, University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, KU Belgium
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, KU Belgium
| | - B. Hjelle
- Departments of Pathology, Biology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - A. Verroken
- Microbiology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - A. Dive
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - I. Michaux
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - P. Evrard
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - D. Creytens
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Bulpa
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Mont-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
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Bozdag S, Weyenberg W, Adriaens E, Dhondt MMM, Vergote V, Vervaet C, De Prijck K, Nelis HJ, De Spiegeleer B, Ludwig A, Remon JP. In vitro evaluation of gentamicin- and vancomycin-containing minitablets as a replacement for fortified eye drops. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 36:1259-70. [PMID: 20545514 DOI: 10.3109/03639041003718030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ocular bioadhesive minitablets containing gentamicin and vancomycin were developed using different powder mixtures of pregelatinized starch and Carbopol (physical or cospray-dried mixtures). METHODS Drug content, antimicrobial activity, and radical formation of the powders used for tablet preparation were evaluated immediately and 30 days after gamma sterilization. Tablet properties and in vitro drug release from the sterilized minitablets were determined. Storage stability of vancomycin and gentamicin in sterilized bioadhesive mixtures was examined by LC-UV/MS and a microbiological assay, respectively. A bioadhesive powder mixture containing only vancomycin was irradiated by X electron-magnetic radiation to evaluate vancomycin stability following sterilization through irradiation. RESULTS The antimicrobial activity of gentamicin against Staphylococcus epidermidis was not altered in comparison to nonsterilized formulations. Only after an overkill dose of 50 kGy, the concentration of vancomycin decreases to an extent that was pharmaceutically significant. No significant difference in radiation stability between drug substance and product (i.e., powder mixture) was observed. A shift in stability profile was not observed at 6 weeks after irradiation. All other degradation products were present only in small quantities not exceeding 1.0%. The in vitro drug release from the minitablets prepared with physical powder mixtures of pregelatinized starch and Carbopol® 974P NF (96 : 4) was faster compared to the cospray-dried mixtures of starch with Carbopol® 974P NF (ratio: 95:5 and 85:15). The electron paramagnetic resonance signals of the radicals formed during sterilization were still visible after storage for 30 days. The slug mucosal irritation test indicated mild irritation properties of the bioadhesive powder mixtures although no tissue damage was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bozdag
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Audenaert K, De Spiegeleer B, Buntinx E, Vergote V, Vandermeulen E, Vermeire S, Dobbeleir A, De Vos F, Peremans K. Imaging of the serotin-2A receptor in the canine brain: Before a d after pipamperone administration. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Vergote V, Bodé S, Peremans K, Vanbree H, Baert B, Slegers G, Burvenich C, De Spiegeleer B. Analysis of iodinated peptides by LC-DAD/ESI ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 850:213-20. [PMID: 17141583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of iodinated peptides resulting from chloramine-T (CAT), Iodo-Beads, Iodo-Gen and lactoperoxidase iodination reactions in the preparation of nanomole quantities 125I and 123I labelled tracers is described. Seven different model peptides were evaluated, varying in molecular weight from 294 (LY-dipeptide) to 2518 (obestatin containing 23 amino acid residues). Two different RP-C18 columns were used, each with a different gradient system based on aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. Electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry was used for identification of the chromatographic eluting components of the reaction mixtures, while UV (DAD) served quantitative purposes. Non-, mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-iodinated peptides (respectively NIP, MIP, DIP, 3IP and 4IP) eluted in that order and were well separated from each other. An empirical model was derived. The applicability of this approach was demonstrated by the analysis of different reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vergote
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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