1
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Wolnick NQ, Dickson MR, Webster TA, Connolly RP, Fernandes N, Encheva V, Crittenden H, Hodgkins J, Hadley BC, Palermo G, Hendrick SJ, Newell RA, Gray G, Siltanen C, Armstrong J, Downey BJ, Mason C. Impact of fed-batch process intensification on the productivity and product quality of two CHO cell lines expressing unique novel molecular format proteins. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-02997-3. [PMID: 38653840 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
While monospecific antibodies have long been the foundational offering of protein therapeutics, recent advancements in antibody engineering have allowed for the development of far more complex antibody structures. Novel molecular format (NMF) proteins, such as bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), are structures capable of multispecific binding, allowing for expanded therapeutic functionality. As demand for NMF proteins continues to rise, biomanufacturers face the challenge of increasing bioreactor process productivity while simultaneously maintaining consistent product quality. This challenge is exacerbated when producing structurally complex proteins with asymmetric modalities, as seen in NMFs. In this study, the impact of a high inoculation density (HID) fed-batch process on the productivity and product quality attributes of two CHO cell lines expressing unique NMFs, a monospecific antibody with an Fc-fusion protein and a bispecific antibody, compared to low inoculation density (LID) platform fed-batch processes was evaluated. It was observed that an intensified platform fed-batch process increased product concentrations by 33 and 109% for the two uniquely structured complex proteins in a shorter culture duration while maintaining similar product quality attributes to traditional fed-batch processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nancy Fernandes
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, NH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian C Hadley
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Roy A Newell
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, NH, USA
| | - Genevieve Gray
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, NH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carrie Mason
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, NH, USA
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2
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Clough B, Fisch D, Mize TH, Encheva V, Snijders A, Frickel EM. p97/VCP targets Toxoplasma gondii vacuoles for parasite restriction in interferon-stimulated human cells. mSphere 2023; 8:e0051123. [PMID: 37975677 PMCID: PMC10732073 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00511-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii (Tg) is a ubiquitous parasitic pathogen, infecting about one-third of the global population. Tg is controlled in immunocompetent people by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Tg infection drives the production of the inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ), which upregulates intracellular anti-pathogen defense pathways. In this study, we describe host proteins p97/VCP, UBXD1, and ANKRD13A that control Tg at the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in IFNγ-stimulated endothelial cells. p97/VCP is an ATPase that interacts with a network of cofactors and is active in a wide range of ubiquitin-dependent cellular processes. We demonstrate that PV ubiquitination is a pre-requisite for recruitment of these host defense proteins, and their deposition directs Tg PVs to acidification in endothelial cells. We show that p97/VCP universally targets PVs in human cells and restricts Tg in different human cell types. Overall, these findings reveal new players of intracellular host defense of a vacuolated pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Clough
- Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Fisch
- Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Todd H. Mize
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Facility, School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius Snijders
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Institute for Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Fisch D, Pfleiderer MM, Anastasakou E, Mackie GM, Wendt F, Liu X, Clough B, Lara-Reyna S, Encheva V, Snijders AP, Bando H, Yamamoto M, Beggs AD, Mercer J, Shenoy AR, Wollscheid B, Maslowski KM, Galej WP, Frickel EM. PIM1 controls GBP1 activity to limit self-damage and to guard against pathogen infection. Science 2023; 382:eadg2253. [PMID: 37797010 PMCID: PMC7615196 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of cellular activities by pathogen virulence factors can trigger innate immune responses. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-inducible antimicrobial factors, such as the guanylate binding proteins (GBPs), promote cell-intrinsic defense by attacking intracellular pathogens and by inducing programmed cell death. Working in human macrophages, we discovered that GBP1 expression in the absence of IFN-γ killed the cells and induced Golgi fragmentation. IFN-γ exposure improved macrophage survival through the activity of the kinase PIM1. PIM1 phosphorylated GBP1, leading to its sequestration by 14-3-3σ, which thereby prevented GBP1 membrane association. During Toxoplasma gondii infection, the virulence protein TgIST interfered with IFN-γ signaling and depleted PIM1, thereby increasing GBP1 activity. Although infected cells can restrain pathogens in a GBP1-dependent manner, this mechanism can protect uninfected bystander cells. Thus, PIM1 can provide a bait for pathogen virulence factors, guarding the integrity of IFN-γ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fisch
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Moritz M Pfleiderer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Eleni Anastasakou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Gillian M Mackie
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Fabian Wendt
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiangyang Liu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Barbara Clough
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Bruker Nederland BV
| | - Hironori Bando
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrew D Beggs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jason Mercer
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Avinash R Shenoy
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kendle M Maslowski
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wojtek P Galej
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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4
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Gameiro PA, Encheva V, Dos Santos MS, MacRae JI, Ule J. Metabolic turnover and dynamics of modified ribonucleosides by 13C labeling. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101294. [PMID: 34634303 PMCID: PMC8567201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an accurate tool to assess modified ribonucleosides and their dynamics in mammalian cells. However, MS/MS quantification of lowly abundant modifications in non-ribosomal RNAs is unreliable, and the dynamic features of various modifications are poorly understood. Here, we developed a 13C labeling approach, called 13C-dynamods, to quantify the turnover of base modifications in newly transcribed RNA. This turnover-based approach helped to resolve mRNA from ncRNA modifications in purified RNA or free ribonucleoside samples and showed the distinct kinetics of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) versus 7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification in polyA+-purified RNA. We uncovered that N6,N6-dimethyladenosine (m62A) exhibits distinct turnover in small RNAs and free ribonucleosides when compared to known m62A-modified large rRNAs. Finally, combined measurements of turnover and abundance of these modifications informed on the transcriptional versus posttranscriptional sensitivity of modified ncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, to stress conditions. Thus, 13C-dynamods enables studies of the origin of modified RNAs at steady-state and subsequent dynamics under nonstationary conditions. These results open new directions to probe the presence and biological regulation of modifications in particular RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A Gameiro
- RNA Networks Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - James I MacRae
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jernej Ule
- RNA Networks Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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5
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Fisch D, Clough B, Domart MC, Encheva V, Bando H, Snijders AP, Collinson LM, Yamamoto M, Shenoy AR, Frickel EM. Human GBP1 Differentially Targets Salmonella and Toxoplasma to License Recognition of Microbial Ligands and Caspase-Mediated Death. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108008. [PMID: 32783936 PMCID: PMC7435695 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) promote cell-intrinsic defense through host cell death. GBPs target pathogens and pathogen-containing vacuoles and promote membrane disruption for release of microbial molecules that activate inflammasomes. GBP1 mediates pyroptosis or atypical apoptosis of Salmonella Typhimurium (STm)- or Toxoplasma gondii (Tg)- infected human macrophages, respectively. The pathogen-proximal detection-mechanisms of GBP1 remain poorly understood, as humans lack functional immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) that assist murine Gbps. Here, we establish that GBP1 promotes the lysis of Tg-containing vacuoles and parasite plasma membranes, releasing Tg-DNA. In contrast, we show GBP1 targets cytosolic STm and recruits caspase-4 to the bacterial surface for its activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but does not contribute to bacterial vacuole escape. Caspase-1 cleaves and inactivates GBP1, and a cleavage-deficient GBP1D192E mutant increases caspase-4-driven pyroptosis due to the absence of feedback inhibition. Our studies elucidate microbe-specific roles of GBP1 in infection detection and its triggering of the assembly of divergent caspase signaling platforms. Development of two microscopy assays for microbe/microbe-containing vacuole lysis Human GBP1 is essential for the lysis of Toxoplasma gondii vacuoles and parasites Caspase-4 recruitment, but not cytosolic escape of Salmonella, is GBP1 dependent Caspase-1 cleaves and inactivates GBP1 and suppresses caspase-4-driven pyroptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fisch
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Barbara Clough
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marie-Charlotte Domart
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hironori Bando
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lucy M Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Avinash R Shenoy
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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6
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Saavedra-García P, Roman-Trufero M, Al-Sadah HA, Blighe K, López-Jiménez E, Christoforou M, Penfold L, Capece D, Xiong X, Miao Y, Parzych K, Caputo VS, Siskos AP, Encheva V, Liu Z, Thiel D, Kaiser MF, Piazza P, Chaidos A, Karadimitris A, Franzoso G, Snijders AP, Keun HC, Oyarzún DA, Barahona M, Auner HW. Systems level profiling of chemotherapy-induced stress resolution in cancer cells reveals druggable trade-offs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018229118. [PMID: 33883278 PMCID: PMC8092411 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018229118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can survive chemotherapy-induced stress, but how they recover from it is not known. Using a temporal multiomics approach, we delineate the global mechanisms of proteotoxic stress resolution in multiple myeloma cells recovering from proteasome inhibition. Our observations define layered and protracted programs for stress resolution that encompass extensive changes across the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Cellular recovery from proteasome inhibition involved protracted and dynamic changes of glucose and lipid metabolism and suppression of mitochondrial function. We demonstrate that recovering cells are more vulnerable to specific insults than acutely stressed cells and identify the general control nonderepressable 2 (GCN2)-driven cellular response to amino acid scarcity as a key recovery-associated vulnerability. Using a transcriptome analysis pipeline, we further show that GCN2 is also a stress-independent bona fide target in transcriptional signature-defined subsets of solid cancers that share molecular characteristics. Thus, identifying cellular trade-offs tied to the resolution of chemotherapy-induced stress in tumor cells may reveal new therapeutic targets and routes for cancer therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saavedra-García
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Roman-Trufero
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Hibah A Al-Sadah
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Blighe
- Clinical Bioinformatics Research, London W1B 3HH, United Kingdom
| | - Elena López-Jiménez
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Christoforou
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Penfold
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Cellular Stress, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Daria Capece
- Centre for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaobei Xiong
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yirun Miao
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Parzych
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina S Caputo
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros P Siskos
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Zijing Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Thiel
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin F Kaiser
- Myeloma Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Piazza
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Aristeidis Chaidos
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Centre for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Barahona
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Holger W Auner
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom;
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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7
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Dirac-Svejstrup AB, Walker J, Faull P, Encheva V, Akimov V, Puglia M, Perkins D, Kümper S, Hunjan SS, Blagoev B, Snijders AP, Powell DJ, Svejstrup JQ. DDI2 Is a Ubiquitin-Directed Endoprotease Responsible for Cleavage of Transcription Factor NRF1. Mol Cell 2020; 79:332-341.e7. [PMID: 32521225 PMCID: PMC7369636 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Ddi1/DDI2 proteins are ubiquitin shuttling factors, implicated in a variety of cellular functions. In addition to ubiquitin-binding and ubiquitin-like domains, they contain a conserved region with similarity to retroviral proteases, but whether and how DDI2 functions as a protease has remained unknown. Here, we show that DDI2 knockout cells are sensitive to proteasome inhibition and accumulate high-molecular weight, ubiquitylated proteins that are poorly degraded by the proteasome. These proteins are targets for the protease activity of purified DDI2. No evidence for DDI2 acting as a de-ubiquitylating enzyme was uncovered, which could suggest that it cleaves the ubiquitylated protein itself. In support of this idea, cleavage of transcription factor NRF1 is known to require DDI2 activity in vivo. We show that DDI2 is indeed capable of cleaving NRF1 in vitro but only when NRF1 protein is highly poly-ubiquitylated. Together, these data suggest that DDI2 is a ubiquitin-directed endoprotease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbara Dirac-Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jane Walker
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Peter Faull
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vyacheslav Akimov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Michele Puglia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - David Perkins
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sandra Kümper
- Crick-GSK Biomedical LinkLabs, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Suchete S Hunjan
- Crick-GSK Biomedical LinkLabs, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David J Powell
- Crick-GSK Biomedical LinkLabs, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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8
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Green JL, Wu Y, Encheva V, Lasonder E, Prommaban A, Kunzelmann S, Christodoulou E, Grainger M, Truongvan N, Bothe S, Sharma V, Song W, Pinzuti I, Uthaipibull C, Srichairatanakool S, Birault V, Langsley G, Schindelin H, Stieglitz B, Snijders AP, Holder AA. Ubiquitin activation is essential for schizont maturation in Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage development. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008640. [PMID: 32569299 PMCID: PMC7332102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is a common post translational modification of eukaryotic proteins and in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) overall ubiquitylation increases in the transition from intracellular schizont to extracellular merozoite stages in the asexual blood stage cycle. Here, we identify specific ubiquitylation sites of protein substrates in three intraerythrocytic parasite stages and extracellular merozoites; a total of 1464 sites in 546 proteins were identified (data available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014998). 469 ubiquitylated proteins were identified in merozoites compared with only 160 in the preceding intracellular schizont stage, suggesting a large increase in protein ubiquitylation associated with merozoite maturation. Following merozoite invasion of erythrocytes, few ubiquitylated proteins were detected in the first intracellular ring stage but as parasites matured through trophozoite to schizont stages the apparent extent of ubiquitylation increased. We identified commonly used ubiquitylation motifs and groups of ubiquitylated proteins in specific areas of cellular function, for example merozoite pellicle proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion, exported proteins, and histones. To investigate the importance of ubiquitylation we screened ubiquitin pathway inhibitors in a parasite growth assay and identified the ubiquitin activating enzyme (UBA1 or E1) inhibitor MLN7243 (TAK-243) to be particularly effective. This small molecule was shown to be a potent inhibitor of recombinant PfUBA1, and a structural homology model of MLN7243 bound to the parasite enzyme highlights avenues for the development of P. falciparum specific inhibitors. We created a genetically modified parasite with a rapamycin-inducible functional deletion of uba1; addition of either MLN7243 or rapamycin to the recombinant parasite line resulted in the same phenotype, with parasite development blocked at the schizont stage. Nuclear division and formation of intracellular structures was interrupted. These results indicate that the intracellular target of MLN7243 is UBA1, and this activity is essential for the final differentiation of schizonts to merozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L. Green
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Wu
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Lasonder
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Adchara Prommaban
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Simone Kunzelmann
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Christodoulou
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Munira Grainger
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ngoc Truongvan
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bothe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vikram Sharma
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Pinzuti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chairat Uthaipibull
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | | | | | - Gordon Langsley
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire Comparative des Apicomplexes, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Hermann Schindelin
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stieglitz
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony A. Holder
- Malaria Parasitology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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9
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Tufegdžić Vidaković A, Mitter R, Kelly GP, Neumann M, Harreman M, Rodríguez-Martínez M, Herlihy A, Weems JC, Boeing S, Encheva V, Gaul L, Milligan L, Tollervey D, Conaway RC, Conaway JW, Snijders AP, Stewart A, Svejstrup JQ. Regulation of the RNAPII Pool Is Integral to the DNA Damage Response. Cell 2020; 180:1245-1261.e21. [PMID: 32142654 PMCID: PMC7103762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In response to transcription-blocking DNA damage, cells orchestrate a multi-pronged reaction, involving transcription-coupled DNA repair, degradation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), and genome-wide transcription shutdown. Here, we provide insight into how these responses are connected by the finding that ubiquitylation of RNAPII itself, at a single lysine (RPB1 K1268), is the focal point for DNA-damage-response coordination. K1268 ubiquitylation affects DNA repair and signals RNAPII degradation, essential for surviving genotoxic insult. RNAPII degradation results in a shutdown of transcriptional initiation, in the absence of which cells display dramatic transcriptome alterations. Additionally, regulation of RNAPII stability is central to transcription recovery-persistent RNAPII depletion underlies the failure of this process in Cockayne syndrome B cells. These data expose regulation of global RNAPII levels as integral to the cellular DNA-damage response and open the intriguing possibility that RNAPII pool size generally affects cell-specific transcription programs in genome instability disorders and even normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tufegdžić Vidaković
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gavin P Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michelle Harreman
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Martínez
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna Herlihy
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Juston C Weems
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Liam Gaul
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Laura Milligan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - David Tollervey
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Ronald C Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Joan W Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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10
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Ray S, Lach R, Heesom KJ, Valekunja UK, Encheva V, Snijders AP, Reddy AB. Phenotypic proteomic profiling identifies a landscape of targets for circadian clock-modulating compounds. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/6/e201900603. [PMID: 31792063 PMCID: PMC6892409 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanism of action and cellular effects of circadian period–modulating compounds, which is critical for clearly defining molecular targets to modulate daily rhythms for therapeutic benefit. Determining the exact targets and mechanisms of action of drug molecules that modulate circadian rhythms is critical to develop novel compounds to treat clock-related disorders. Here, we have used phenotypic proteomic profiling (PPP) to systematically determine molecular targets of four circadian period–lengthening compounds in human cells. We demonstrate that the compounds cause similar changes in phosphorylation and activity of several proteins and kinases involved in vital pathways, including MAPK, NGF, B-cell receptor, AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPKs), and mTOR signaling. Kinome profiling further indicated inhibition of CKId, ERK1/2, CDK2/7, TNIK, and MST4 kinases as a common mechanism of action for these clock-modulating compounds. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of several convergent kinases lengthened circadian period, establishing them as novel circadian targets. Finally, thermal stability profiling revealed binding of the compounds to clock regulatory kinases, signaling molecules, and ubiquitination proteins. Thus, phenotypic proteomic profiling defines novel clock effectors that could directly inform precise therapeutic targeting of the circadian system in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ray
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Utham K Valekunja
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Akhilesh B Reddy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Macpherson JA, Theisen A, Masino L, Fets L, Driscoll PC, Encheva V, Snijders AP, Martin SR, Kleinjung J, Barran PE, Fraternali F, Anastasiou D. Functional cross-talk between allosteric effects of activating and inhibiting ligands underlies PKM2 regulation. eLife 2019; 8:e45068. [PMID: 31264961 PMCID: PMC6636998 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several enzymes can simultaneously interact with multiple intracellular metabolites, however, how the allosteric effects of distinct ligands are integrated to coordinately control enzymatic activity remains poorly understood. We addressed this question using, as a model system, the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). We show that the PKM2 activator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) alone promotes tetramerisation and increases PKM2 activity, but addition of the inhibitor L-phenylalanine (Phe) prevents maximal activation of FBP-bound PKM2 tetramers. We developed a method, AlloHubMat, that uses eigenvalue decomposition of mutual information derived from molecular dynamics trajectories to identify residues that mediate FBP-induced allostery. Experimental mutagenesis of these residues identified PKM2 variants in which activation by FBP remains intact but cannot be attenuated by Phe. Our findings reveal residues involved in FBP-induced allostery that enable the integration of allosteric input from Phe and provide a paradigm for the coordinate regulation of enzymatic activity by simultaneous allosteric inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Macpherson
- Cancer Metabolism LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alina Theisen
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Masino
- Structural Biology Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise Fets
- Cancer Metabolism LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul C Driscoll
- Metabolomics Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Proteomics Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Proteomics Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Structural Biology Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jens Kleinjung
- Computational Biology Science Technology PlatformThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Perdita E Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass Spectrometry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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12
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Tufegdzic Vidakovic A, Harreman M, Dirac-Svejstrup AB, Boeing S, Roy A, Encheva V, Neumann M, Wilson M, Snijders AP, Svejstrup JQ. Analysis of RNA polymerase II ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Methods 2019; 159-160:146-156. [PMID: 30769100 PMCID: PMC6617506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcribing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is decorated by a plethora of post-translational modifications that mark different stages of transcription. One important modification is RNAPII ubiquitylation, which occurs in response to numerous different stimuli that cause RNAPII stalling, such as DNA damaging agents, RNAPII inhibitors, or depletion of the nucleotide pool. Stalled RNAPII triggers a so-called "last resort pathway", which involves RNAPII poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation. Different approaches have been described to study RNAPII poly-ubiquitylation and degradation, each method with its own advantages and caveats. Here, we describe optimised strategies for detecting ubiquitylated RNAPII and studying its degradation, but these protocols are suitable for studying other ubiquitylated proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tufegdzic Vidakovic
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michelle Harreman
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - A Barbara Dirac-Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anindya Roy
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marcus Wilson
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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13
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Ruiz EJ, Diefenbacher ME, Nelson JK, Sancho R, Pucci F, Chakraborty A, Moreno P, Annibaldi A, Liccardi G, Encheva V, Mitter R, Rosenfeldt M, Snijders AP, Meier P, Calzado MA, Behrens A. LUBAC determines chemotherapy resistance in squamous cell lung cancer. J Exp Med 2019; 216:450-465. [PMID: 30642944 PMCID: PMC6363428 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and adenocarcinoma (LADC) are the most common lung cancer subtypes. Molecular targeted treatments have improved LADC patient survival but are largely ineffective in LSCC. The tumor suppressor FBW7 is commonly mutated or down-regulated in human LSCC, and oncogenic KRasG12D activation combined with Fbxw7 inactivation in mice (KF model) caused both LSCC and LADC. Lineage-tracing experiments showed that CC10+, but not basal, cells are the cells of origin of LSCC in KF mice. KF LSCC tumors recapitulated human LSCC resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and we identified LUBAC-mediated NF-κB signaling as a determinant of chemotherapy resistance in human and mouse. Inhibition of NF-κB activation using TAK1 or LUBAC inhibitors resensitized LSCC tumors to cisplatin, suggesting a future avenue for LSCC patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Josue Ruiz
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Jessica K Nelson
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Fabio Pucci
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Paula Moreno
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Unidad de Cirugía Torácica y Trasplante Pulmonar, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alessandro Annibaldi
- Breast Cancer Now, Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Breast Cancer Now, Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mathias Rosenfeldt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Pascal Meier
- Breast Cancer Now, Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Axel Behrens
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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14
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Hirota T, Blakeley P, Sangrithi MN, Mahadevaiah SK, Encheva V, Snijders AP, ElInati E, Ojarikre OA, de Rooij DG, Niakan KK, Turner JMA. SETDB1 Links the Meiotic DNA Damage Response to Sex Chromosome Silencing in Mice. Dev Cell 2018; 47:645-659.e6. [PMID: 30393076 PMCID: PMC6286383 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic synapsis and recombination ensure correct homologous segregation and genetic diversity. Asynapsed homologs are transcriptionally inactivated by meiotic silencing, which serves a surveillance function and in males drives meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Silencing depends on the DNA damage response (DDR) network, but how DDR proteins engage repressive chromatin marks is unknown. We identify the histone H3-lysine-9 methyltransferase SETDB1 as the bridge linking the DDR to silencing in male mice. At the onset of silencing, X chromosome H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) enrichment is downstream of DDR factors. Without Setdb1, the X chromosome accrues DDR proteins but not H3K9me3. Consequently, sex chromosome remodeling and silencing fail, causing germ cell apoptosis. Our data implicate TRIM28 in linking the DDR to SETDB1 and uncover additional factors with putative meiotic XY-silencing functions. Furthermore, we show that SETDB1 imposes timely expression of meiotic and post-meiotic genes. Setdb1 thus unites the DDR network, asynapsis, and meiotic chromosome silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hirota
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Paul Blakeley
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mahesh N Sangrithi
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Vesela Encheva
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Elias ElInati
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Obah A Ojarikre
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Dirk G de Rooij
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kathy K Niakan
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James M A Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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15
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Novellasdemunt L, Foglizzo V, Cuadrado L, Antas P, Kucharska A, Encheva V, Snijders AP, Li VSW. USP7 Is a Tumor-Specific WNT Activator for APC-Mutated Colorectal Cancer by Mediating β-Catenin Deubiquitination. Cell Rep 2018; 21:612-627. [PMID: 29045831 PMCID: PMC5656747 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is mutated in most colorectal cancers (CRCs), resulting in constitutive Wnt activation. To understand the Wnt-activating mechanism of the APC mutation, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 technology to engineer various APC-truncated isogenic lines. We find that the β-catenin inhibitory domain (CID) in APC represents the threshold for pathological levels of Wnt activation and tumor transformation. Mechanistically, CID-deleted APC truncation promotes β-catenin deubiquitination through reverse binding of β-TrCP and USP7 to the destruction complex. USP7 depletion in APC-mutated CRC inhibits Wnt activation by restoring β-catenin ubiquitination, drives differentiation, and suppresses xenograft tumor growth. Finally, the Wnt-activating role of USP7 is specific to APC mutations; thus, it can be used as a tumor-specific therapeutic target for most CRCs. APC CID protects β-catenin from USP7-mediated deubiquitination APC lacking CID exposes β-catenin to USP7 for deubiquitination USP7 depletion inhibits Wnt in APC mutant CRC by restoring β-catenin ubiquitination USP7 inactivation suppresses xenograft tumor growth and is tumor specific
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Cuadrado
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Pedro Antas
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna Kucharska
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mass Spectrometry Science Technology Platform, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vivian S W Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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16
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Crockford A, Zalmas LP, Grönroos E, Dewhurst SM, McGranahan N, Cuomo ME, Encheva V, Snijders AP, Begum J, Purewal S, Cerveira J, Patel H, Renshaw MJ, Swanton C. Cyclin D mediates tolerance of genome-doubling in cancers with functional p53. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:149-156. [PMID: 28177473 PMCID: PMC5391719 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability (CIN) are common features of human malignancy that fuel genetic heterogeneity. Although tolerance to tetraploidization, an intermediate state that further exacerbates CIN, is frequently mediated by TP53 dysfunction, we find that some genome-doubled tumours retain wild-type TP53. We sought to understand how tetraploid cells with a functional p53/p21-axis tolerate genome-doubling events. Methods We performed quantitative proteomics in a diploid/tetraploid pair within a system of multiple independently derived TP53 wild-type tetraploid clones arising spontaneously from a diploid progenitor. We characterized adapted and acute tetraploidization in a variety of flow cytometry and biochemical assays and tested our findings against human tumours through bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA dataset. Results Cyclin D1 was found to be specifically overexpressed in early but not late passage tetraploid clones, and this overexpression was sufficient to promote tolerance to spontaneous and pharmacologically induced tetraploidy. We provide evidence that this role extends to D-type cyclins and their overexpression confers specific proliferative advantage to tetraploid cells. We demonstrate that tetraploid clones exhibit elevated levels of functional p53 and p21 but override the p53/p21 checkpoint by elevated expression of cyclin D1, via a stoichiometry-dependent and CDK activity-independent mechanism. Tetraploid cells do not exhibit increased sensitivity to abemaciclib, suggesting that cyclin D-overexpressing tumours might not be specifically amenable to treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Conclusions Our study suggests that D-type cyclin overexpression is an acute event, permissive for rapid adaptation to a genome-doubled state in TP53 wild-type tumours and that its overexpression is dispensable in later stages of tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crockford
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - L P Zalmas
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - E Grönroos
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - S M Dewhurst
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - N McGranahan
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - M E Cuomo
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - V Encheva
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - A P Snijders
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - J Begum
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - S Purewal
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - J Cerveira
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - H Patel
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - M J Renshaw
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - C Swanton
- Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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17
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Encheva V, Foltz C, Snijders AP, Frickel EM. Murine Gbp1 and Gbp2 are ubiquitinated independent of Toxoplasma gondii infection. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:166. [PMID: 29510761 PMCID: PMC5840767 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii can invade any nucleated cell residing inside a parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Upon infection, the cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ) is produced and elicits host defence mechanisms able to recognise the PV and destroy the parasite. Hereby, Guanylate binding proteins, ubiquitin and the E3 ubiquitin ligases Tripartite Motif Containing 21 (TRIM21) and TNF receptor associated factor 6 are targeted to the murine PV leading to its destruction. This study is the side product of research aiming to identify ubiquitinated substrates in a TRIM21-dependent fashion in murine cells infected with Toxoplasma. Results We infected IFNγ-stimulated murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from either C57BL/6×129 wild-type (WT) mice or C57BL/6 TRIM21−/− mice with Toxoplasma. Using mass spectrometry, we analysed proteins in both cell backgrounds presenting with the di-glycine remnant of ubiquitination. In addition, we compared peptide levels between WT and TRIM21−/− cells. In line with earlier reports, Gbp1 was expressed to higher levels in the C57BL/6×129 WT MEFs compared to the C57BL/6-only background TRIM21−/− MEFs. Protein expression differences in these different murine backgrounds thus precluded identification of TRIM21-dependent ubiquitinated substrates. Nevertheless, we identified and confirmed Gbp1 and Gbp2 as being ubiquitinated in a Toxoplasma-infection independent manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3267-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela Encheva
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Clémence Foltz
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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18
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Rapisarda V, Borghesan M, Miguela V, Encheva V, Snijders AP, Lujambio A, O'Loghlen A. Integrin Beta 3 Regulates Cellular Senescence by Activating the TGF-β Pathway. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2480-2493. [PMID: 28273461 PMCID: PMC5357738 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an important in vivo mechanism that prevents the propagation of damaged cells. However, the precise mechanisms regulating senescence are not well characterized. Here, we find that ITGB3 (integrin beta 3 or β3) is regulated by the Polycomb protein CBX7. β3 expression accelerates the onset of senescence in human primary fibroblasts by activating the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner. β3 levels are dynamically increased during oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) through CBX7 Polycomb regulation, and downregulation of β3 levels overrides OIS and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), independently of its ligand-binding activity. Moreover, cilengitide, an αvβ3 antagonist, has the ability to block the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) without affecting proliferation. Finally, we show an increase in β3 levels in a subset of tissues during aging. Altogether, our data show that integrin β3 subunit is a marker and regulator of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rapisarda
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Michela Borghesan
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Veronica Miguela
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana O'Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
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19
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Joachim J, Razi M, Judith D, Wirth M, Calamita E, Encheva V, Dynlacht BD, Snijders AP, O'Reilly N, Jefferies HBJ, Tooze SA. Centriolar Satellites Control GABARAP Ubiquitination and GABARAP-Mediated Autophagy. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2123-2136.e7. [PMID: 28712572 PMCID: PMC5526835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy maintains cellular health and homeostasis during stress by delivering cytosolic material captured by autophagosomes to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagosome formation is complex: initiated by the recruitment of autophagy (Atg) proteins to the formation site, it is sustained by activation of Atg proteins to allow growth and closure of the autophagosome. How Atg proteins are translocated to the forming autophagosome is not fully understood. Transport of the ATG8 family member GABARAP from the centrosome occurs during starvation-induced autophagosome biogenesis, but how centrosomal proteins regulate GABARAP localization is unknown. We show that the centriolar satellite protein PCM1 regulates the recruitment of GABARAP to the pericentriolar material. In addition to residing on the pericentriolar material, GABARAP marks a subtype of PCM1-positive centriolar satellites. GABARAP, but not another ATG8 family member LC3B, binds directly to PCM1 through a canonical LIR motif. Loss of PCM1 results in destabilization of GABARAP, but not LC3B, through proteasomal degradation. GABARAP instability is mediated through the centriolar satellite E3 ligase Mib1, which interacts with GABARAP through its substrate-binding region and promotes K48-linked ubiquitination of GABARAP. Ubiquitination of GABARAP occurs in the N terminus, a domain associated with ATG8-family-specific functions during autophagosome formation, on residues absent in the LC3 family. Furthermore, PCM1-GABARAP-positive centriolar satellites colocalize with forming autophagosomes. PCM1 enhances GABARAP/WIPI2/p62-positive autophagosome formation and flux but has no significant effect on LC3B-positive autophagosome formation. These data suggest a mechanism for how centriolar satellites can specifically regulate an ATG8 ortholog, the centrosomal GABARAP reservoir, and centrosome-autophagosome crosstalk. GABARAP binds directly to the centriolar satellite protein PCM1 through a LIR motif GABARAP-PCM1-positive centriolar satellites are found at early-stage autophagosomes PCM1 regulates GABARAP-specific autophagosome formation and GABARAP degradation The centriolar satellite E3 ligase Mib1 drives ubiquitination of GABARAP
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Joachim
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Minoo Razi
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Delphine Judith
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Martina Wirth
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emily Calamita
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Mass Spectrometry, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, Smilow Research Building, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Mass Spectrometry, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Harold B J Jefferies
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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20
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Ranes M, Boeing S, Wang Y, Wienholz F, Menoni H, Walker J, Encheva V, Chakravarty P, Mari PO, Stewart A, Giglia-Mari G, Snijders AP, Vermeulen W, Svejstrup JQ. A ubiquitylation site in Cockayne syndrome B required for repair of oxidative DNA damage, but not for transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:5246-55. [PMID: 27060134 PMCID: PMC4914099 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome B (CSB), best known for its role in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), contains a ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD), but the functional connection between protein ubiquitylation and this UBD remains unclear. Here, we show that CSB is regulated via site-specific ubiquitylation. Mass spectrometry analysis of CSB identified lysine (K) 991 as a ubiquitylation site. Intriguingly, mutation of this residue (K991R) does not affect CSB's catalytic activity or protein stability, but greatly affects genome stability, even in the absence of induced DNA damage. Moreover, cells expressing CSB K991R are sensitive to oxidative DNA damage, but proficient for TC-NER. K991 becomes ubiquitylated upon oxidative DNA damage, and while CSB K991R is recruited normally to such damage, it fails to dissociate in a timely manner, suggesting a requirement for K991 ubiquitylation in CSB activation. Interestingly, deletion of CSB's UBD gives rise to oxidative damage sensitivity as well, while CSB ΔUBD and CSB K991R affects expression of overlapping groups of genes, further indicating a functional connection. Together, these results shed new light on the regulation of CSB, with K991R representing an important separation-of-function-mutation in this multi-functional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ranes
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Yuming Wang
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Franziska Wienholz
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hervé Menoni
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jane Walker
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Pierre-Olivier Mari
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Giuseppina Giglia-Mari
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
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21
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Boeing S, Williamson L, Encheva V, Gori I, Saunders RE, Instrell R, Aygün O, Rodriguez-Martinez M, Weems JC, Kelly GP, Conaway JW, Conaway RC, Stewart A, Howell M, Snijders AP, Svejstrup JQ. Multiomic Analysis of the UV-Induced DNA Damage Response. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1597-1610. [PMID: 27184836 PMCID: PMC4893159 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to facilitate the identification of factors and pathways in the cellular response to UV-induced DNA damage, several descriptive proteomic screens and a functional genomics screen were performed in parallel. Numerous factors could be identified with high confidence when the screen results were superimposed and interpreted together, incorporating biological knowledge. A searchable database, bioLOGIC, which provides access to relevant information about a protein or process of interest, was established to host the results and facilitate data mining. Besides uncovering roles in the DNA damage response for numerous proteins and complexes, including Integrator, Cohesin, PHF3, ASC-1, SCAF4, SCAF8, and SCAF11, we uncovered a role for the poorly studied, melanoma-associated serine/threonine kinase 19 (STK19). Besides effectively uncovering relevant factors, the multiomic approach also provides a systems-wide overview of the diverse cellular processes connected to the transcription-related DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Boeing
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK; Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Laura Williamson
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Ilaria Gori
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Rebecca E Saunders
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Rachael Instrell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ozan Aygün
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Marta Rodriguez-Martinez
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Juston C Weems
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Gavin P Kelly
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Joan W Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ronald C Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Aengus Stewart
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK.
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22
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Debaisieux S, Encheva V, Chakravarty P, Snijders AP, Schiavo G. Analysis of Signaling Endosome Composition and Dynamics Using SILAC in Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:542-57. [PMID: 26685126 PMCID: PMC4739672 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons require efficient transport mechanisms such as fast axonal transport to ensure neuronal homeostasis and survival. Neurotrophins and their receptors are conveyed via fast axonal retrograde transport of signaling endosomes to the soma, where they elicit transcriptional responses. Despite the essential roles of signaling endosomes in neuronal differentiation and survival, little is known about their molecular identity, dynamics, and regulation. Gaining a better mechanistic understanding of these organelles and their kinetics is crucial, given the growing evidence linking vesicular trafficking deficits to neurodegeneration. Here, we exploited an affinity purification strategy using the binding fragment of tetanus neurotoxin (HCT) conjugated to monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs), which in motor neurons, is transported in the same carriers as neurotrophins and their receptors. To quantitatively assess the molecular composition of HCT-containing signaling endosomes, we have developed a protocol for triple Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC) in embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons. After HCT internalization, retrograde carriers were magnetically isolated at different time points and subjected to mass-spectrometry and Gene Ontology analyses. This purification strategy is highly specific, as confirmed by the presence of essential regulators of fast axonal transport in the make-up of these organelles. Our results indicate that signaling endosomes undergo a rapid maturation with the acquisition of late endosome markers following a specific time-dependent kinetics. Strikingly, signaling endosomes are specifically enriched in proteins known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinfection. Moreover, we highlighted the presence of novel components, whose precise temporal recruitment on signaling endosomes might be essential for proper sorting and/or transport of these organelles. This study provides the first quantitative proteomic analysis of signaling endosomes isolated from motor neurons and allows the assembly of a functional map of these axonal carriers involved in long-range neuronal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Debaisieux
- From the ‡Molecular NeuroPathobiology Laboratory, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Vesela Encheva
- ¶Protein Analysis and Proteomics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- §Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- ¶Protein Analysis and Proteomics Group, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- From the ‡Molecular NeuroPathobiology Laboratory, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
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23
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Thomas ERA, Atanur SS, Norsworthy PJ, Encheva V, Snijders AP, Game L, Vandrovcova J, Siddiq A, Seed M, Soutar AK, Aitman TJ. Identification and biochemical analysis of a novel APOB mutation that causes autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2013; 1:155-61. [PMID: 24498611 PMCID: PMC3865582 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease that can be effectively treated using statin drugs. Molecular diagnosis and family cascade screening is recommended for early identification of individuals at risk, but up to 40% of families have no mutation detected in known genes. This study combined linkage analysis and exome sequencing to identify a novel variant in exon 3 of APOB (Arg50Trp). Mass spectrometry established that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) containing Arg50Trp APOB accumulates in the circulation of affected individuals, suggesting defective hepatic uptake. Previously reported mutations in APOB causing ADH have been located in exon 26. This is the first report of a mutation outside this region causing this phenotype, therefore, more extensive screening of this large and highly polymorphic gene may be necessary in ADH families. This is now feasible due to the high capacity of recently available sequencing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R A Thomas
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh S Atanur
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom ; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Penny J Norsworthy
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Vesela Encheva
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Game
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Seed
- Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London, W6 8RF, United Kingdom
| | - Anne K Soutar
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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24
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Leitch HG, McEwen KR, Turp A, Encheva V, Carroll T, Grabole N, Mansfield W, Nashun B, Knezovich JG, Smith A, Surani MA, Hajkova P. Naive pluripotency is associated with global DNA hypomethylation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 20:311-6. [PMID: 23416945 PMCID: PMC3591483 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Naive pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ cells (EGCs) are derived from the preimplantation epiblast and primordial germ cells (PGCs), respectively. We investigated whether differences exist between ESCs and EGCs, in view of their distinct developmental origins. PGCs are programmed to undergo global DNA demethylation; however, we find that EGCs and ESCs exhibit equivalent global DNA methylation levels. Inhibition of MEK and Gsk3b by 2i conditions leads to pronounced reduction in DNA methylation in both cell types. This is driven by Prdm14 and is associated with downregulation of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. However, genomic imprints are maintained in 2i, and we report derivation of EGCs with intact genomic imprints. Collectively, our findings establish that culture in 2i instills a naive pluripotent state with a distinctive epigenetic configuration that parallels molecular features observed in both the preimplantation epiblast and nascent PGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry G Leitch
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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25
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Rajakaruna L, Hallas G, Molenaar L, Dare D, Sutton H, Encheva V, Culak R, Innes I, Ball G, Sefton AM. High throughput identification of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus using MALDI-TOF-MS of intact cells. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2009; 9:507-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Encheva V, Shah HN, Gharbia SE. Proteomic analysis of the adaptive response of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to growth under anaerobic conditions. Microbiology (Reading) 2009; 155:2429-2441. [PMID: 19389776 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.026138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to survive in the host and initiate infection, Salmonella enterica needs to undergo a transition between aerobic and anaerobic growth by modulating its central metabolic pathways. In this study, a comparative analysis of the proteome of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium grown in the presence or absence of oxygen was performed. The most prominent changes in expression were measured in a semiquantitative manner using difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) to reveal the main protein factors involved in the adaptive response to anaerobiosis. A total of 38 proteins were found to be induced anaerobically, while 42 were repressed. The proteins of interest were in-gel digested with trypsin and identified by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry using peptide mass fingerprinting. In the absence of oxygen, many fermentative enzymes catalysing reactions in the mixed-acid or arginine fermentations were overexpressed. In addition, the enzyme fumarate reductase, which is known to provide an alternative electron acceptor for the respiratory chains in the absence of oxygen, was shown to be induced. Increases in expression of several glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway enzymes, as well as two malic enzymes, were detected, suggesting important roles for these in anaerobic metabolism. Substantial decreases in expression were observed for a large number of periplasmic transport proteins. The majority of these are involved in the uptake of amino acids and peptides, but permeases transporting iron, thiosulphate, glucose/galactose, glycerol 3-phosphate and dicarboxylic acids were also repressed. Decreases in expression were also observed for a superoxide dismutase, ATP synthase, inositol monophosphatase, and several chaperone and hypothetical proteins. The changes were monitored in two different isolates, and despite their very similar expression patterns, some variability in the adaptive response to anaerobiosis was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela Encheva
- Department for Bioanalysis and Horizon Technologies, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
| | - Haroun N Shah
- Department for Bioanalysis and Horizon Technologies, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
| | - Saheer E Gharbia
- Department for Bioanalysis and Horizon Technologies, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
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27
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Encheva V, Gharbia SE, Wait R, Begum S, Shah HN. Comparison of extraction procedures for proteome analysis ofStreptococcus pneumoniae and a basic reference map. Proteomics 2006; 6:3306-17. [PMID: 16673439 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen causing life-threatening invasive diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis and bacteraemia. Despite major advances in our understanding of pneumococcal mechanisms of pathogenicity obtained through genomic studies very little has been achieved on the characterisation of the proteome of this pathogen. The highly complex structure of its cell envelope particularly amongst the various capsular forms enables the cell to resist lysis by conventional mechanical methods. It is therefore highly desirable to develop a cellular lysis and protein solubilisation procedure that minimises protein losses and allows for maximum possible coverage of the proteome of S. pneumoniae. Here we have utilised various combinations of mechanical or enzymatic cell lysis with two protein solubilisation mixtures urea/CHAPS-based mixture or SDS/DTT-based mixture in order to achieve best quality protein profiles using two proteomic technologies surface-enhanced laser desorption ionisation (SELDI) TOF MS and 2-DE. While urea/CHAPS-based mixture combined with freeze/thawing provided enough material for good-quality SELDI TOF MS fingerprints, a combination of mechanical, enzymatic and chemical lysis was needed to be used to successfully extract the desired protein content for 2-DE analysis. The methods chosen were also assessed for reproducibility and tested on various capsular types of S. pneumoniae. As a result, good-quality and reproducible profiles were created using various ProteinChip arrays and more than 800 protein spots were separated on a single 2-D gel of S. pneumoniae. Twenty-five of the most abundant protein spots were identified using LC/MS/MS to create a reference map of S. pneumoniae. The proteins identified included glycolytic enzymes such as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase etc. Several fermentation enzymes were also present including two of the components of the arginine deiminase system. Proteins involved in protein synthesis, such as translation factors and ribosomal proteins, as well as several chaperone proteins were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela Encheva
- Molecular Identification Services Unit-National Collection of Type Cultures, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK.
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Encheva V, Wait R, Gharbia SE, Begum S, Shah HN. Proteome analysis of serovars Typhimurium and Pullorum of Salmonella enterica subspecies I. BMC Microbiol 2005; 5:42. [PMID: 16026608 PMCID: PMC1181816 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-5-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica subspecies I includes several closely related serovars which differ in host ranges and ability to cause disease. The basis for the diversity in host range and pathogenic potential of the serovars is not well understood, and it is not known how host-restricted variants appeared and what factors were lost or acquired during adaptations to a specific environment. Differences apparent from the genomic data do not necessarily correspond to functional proteins and more importantly differential regulation of otherwise identical gene content may play a role in the diverse phenotypes of the serovars of Salmonella. RESULTS In this study a comparative analysis of the cytosolic proteins of serovars Typhimurium and Pullorum was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the proteins of interest were identified using mass spectrometry. An annotated reference map was created for serovar Typhimurium containing 233 entries, which included many metabolic enzymes, ribosomal proteins, chaperones and many other proteins characteristic for the growing cell. The comparative analysis of the two serovars revealed a high degree of variation amongst isolates obtained from different sources and, in some cases, the variation was greater between isolates of the same serovar than between isolates with different sero-specificity. However, several serovar-specific proteins, including intermediates in sulphate utilisation and cysteine synthesis, were also found despite the fact that the genes encoding those proteins are present in the genomes of both serovars. CONCLUSION Current microbial proteomics are generally based on the use of a single reference or type strain of a species. This study has shown the importance of incorporating a large number of strains of a species, as the diversity of the proteome in the microbial population appears to be significantly greater than expected. The characterisation of a diverse selection of strains revealed parts of the proteome of S. enterica that alter their expression while others remain stable and allowed for the identification of serovar-specific factors that have so far remained undetected by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela Encheva
- Molecular Identification Services Unit, NCTC, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
| | - Robin Wait
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Saheer E Gharbia
- Genomics Proteomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Infection, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
| | - Shajna Begum
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Haroun N Shah
- Molecular Identification Services Unit, NCTC, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
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