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Omar MN, Rahman RNZRA, Noor NDM, Latip W, Knight VF, Ali MSM. Exploring the Antarctic aminopeptidase P from Pseudomonas sp. strain AMS3 through structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38555730 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2331093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase P (APPro) is a crucial metalloaminopeptidase involved in amino acid cleavage from peptide N-termini, playing essential roles as versatile biocatalysts with applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to industrial processes. Despite acknowledging its potential for catalysis in lower temperatures, detailed molecular basis and biotechnological implications in cold environments are yet to be explored. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cold-adapted characteristics of APPro from Pseudomonas sp. strain AMS3 (AMS3-APPro) through a detailed analysis of its structure and dynamics. In this study, structure analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a predicted model of AMS3-APPro has been performed at different temperatures to assess structural flexibility and thermostability across a temperature range of 0-60 °C over 100 ns. The MD simulation results revealed that the structure were able to remain stable at low temperatures. Increased temperatures present a potential threat to the overall stability of AMS3-APPro by disrupting the intricate hydrogen bond networks crucial for maintaining structural integrity, thereby increasing the likelihood of protein unfolding. While the metal binding site at the catalytic core exhibits resilience at higher temperatures, highlighting its local structural integrity, the overall enzyme structure undergoes fluctuations and potential denaturation. This extensive structural instability surpasses the localized stability observed at the metal binding site. Consequently, these assessments offer in-depth understanding of the cold-adapted characteristics of AMS3-APPro, highlighting its capability to uphold its native conformation and stability in low-temperature environments. In summary, this research provides valuable insights into the cold-adapted features of AMS3-APPro, suggesting its efficient operation in low thermal conditions, particularly relevant for potential biotechnological applications in cold environments.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Nadzmi Omar
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Dina Muhd Noor
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wahhida Latip
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Norizan MN, Moklis MH, Ngah Demon SZ, Halim NA, Samsuri A, Mohamad IS, Knight VF, Abdullah N. Correction: Carbon nanotubes: functionalisation and their application in chemical sensors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9570. [PMID: 38516155 PMCID: PMC10956559 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra90025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D0RA09438B.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nurazzi Norizan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Harussani Moklis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Norhana Abdul Halim
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Alinda Samsuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Imran Syakir Mohamad
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Norli Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Tan XL, Omar R, Knight VF. Effectiveness of a Recertification Vision Screening Training Module for Preschool Teachers. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:147-155. [PMID: 38239245 PMCID: PMC10793131 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.6.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Certified training must be provided for lay vision screeners prior to their conduct of a vision screening programme. However, the effectiveness of trained lay screeners does deteriorate over time. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a recertification vision screening training module using the KieVision™ Preschool Vision Screening Kit for preschool teachers in Malaysia. Methods This was a randomised control trial. Fifty-nine preschool teachers previously enrolled in a Knowledge Transfer Programme were divided into a Study Group (n = 31) to receive recertification training and a Control Group (n = 28) to attend briefing sessions. Subjects was then asked to perform vision screening on 15 preschool children aged 4 years old-6 years old at their respective premises, then verified by optometrists after 2 weeks from the initial screening on the same children. Results A total of 894 children were screened, with the Study Group and Control Group screened 49.7% and 50.3%, respectively. There was higher validity in vision screening findings from the Study Group (sensitivity = 66.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) = 61.5%) compared to the Control Group (sensitivity = 36.0 %, PPV = 40.9%). Conclusion Teachers who received recertification training were more competent in detecting children's vision impairment using KieVision™ Preschool Vision Screening Kit. Thus, timely recertification training should be emphasised to ensure sustainable consistency and reliability of vision screening programmes conducted by lay vision screeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li Tan
- Faculty of Optometry and Vision Sciences, SEGi University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rokiah Omar
- Optometry and Vision Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khoo PS, Ilyas RA, Uda MNA, Hassan SA, Nordin AH, Norfarhana AS, Ab Hamid NH, Rani MSA, Abral H, Norrrahim MNF, Knight VF, Lee CL, Rafiqah SA. Starch-Based Polymer Materials as Advanced Adsorbents for Sustainable Water Treatment: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3114. [PMID: 37514503 PMCID: PMC10385024 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, chemical and biological water contamination has become a major concern, particularly in the industrialized world. Heavy metals, aromatic compounds, and dyes are among the harmful substances that contribute to water pollution, which jeopardies the human health. For this reason, it is of the utmost importance to locate methods for the cleanup of wastewater that are not genuinely effective. Owing to its non-toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, starch is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that scientists are looking into as a possible environmentally friendly material for sustainable water remediation. Starch could exhibit significant adsorption capabilities towards pollutants with the substitution of amide, amino, carboxyl, and other functional groups for hydroxyl groups. Starch derivatives may effectively remove contaminants such as oil, organic solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceutical pollutants by employing adsorption techniques at a rate greater than 90%. The maximal adsorption capacities of starch-based adsorbents for oil and organic solvents, pesticides, heavy metal ions, dyes, and pharmaceuticals are 13,000, 66, 2000, 25,000, and 782 mg/g, respectively. Although starch-based adsorbents have demonstrated a promising future for environmental wastewater treatment, additional research is required to optimize the technique before the starch-based adsorbent can be used in large-scale in situ wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui San Khoo
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - R A Ilyas
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M N A Uda
- Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Shukur Abu Hassan
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A H Nordin
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A S Norfarhana
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - N H Ab Hamid
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M S A Rani
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hairul Abral
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN-Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - M N F Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - V F Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Li Lee
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Ayu Rafiqah
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
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Taharuddin NH, Jumaidin R, Ilyas RA, Kamaruddin ZH, Mansor MR, Md Yusof FA, Knight VF, Norrrahim MNF. Effect of Agar on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Moisture Absorption Properties of Thermoplastic Sago Starch Composites. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8954. [PMID: 36556760 PMCID: PMC9781869 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic starch is a material that has the potential to be environmentally friendly and biodegradable. However, it has certain drawbacks concerning its mechanical performance and is sensitive to the presence of moisture. The current study assessed agar-containing thermoplastic sago starch (TPSS) properties at various loadings. Variable proportions of agar (5%, 10%, and 15% wt%) were used to produce TPSS by the hot-pressing method. Then, the samples were subjected to characterisation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and moisture absorption tests. The results demonstrated that adding agar to starch-based thermoplastic blends significantly improved their tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The samples' morphology showed that the fracture had become more erratic and uneven after adding agar. FT-IR revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between TPSS and agar. Moreover, with an increase in agar content, TPSS's thermal stability was also increased. However, the moisture absorption values among the samples increased slightly as the amount of agar increased. Overall, the proposed TPSS/agar blend has the potential to be employed as biodegradable material due to its improved mechanical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hanan Taharuddin
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Zatil Hazrati Kamaruddin
- German-Malaysian Institute, Jalan Ilmiah, Taman Universiti, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Ridzuan Mansor
- Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
| | - Fahmi Asyadi Md Yusof
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Nasir MHM, Taha MM, Razali N, Ilyas RA, Knight VF, Norrrahim MNF. Effect of Chemical Treatment of Sugar Palm Fibre on Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Composites Filament for FDM 3D Printing. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15228082. [PMID: 36431566 PMCID: PMC9697409 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The thermal and rheological properties of bio-composite filament materials are crucial characteristics in the development of a bio-composite Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) filament since the printing mechanism of FDM strongly depends on the heating and extrusion process. The effect of chemical treatment on the thermal and rheological properties was investigated to develop composite filaments for FDM using natural fibres such as sugar palm fibre (SPF). SPF underwent alkaline and silane treatment processes before being reinforced with PLA for improving adhesion and removing impurities. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), and Melt Flow Index (MFI) analyses were conducted to identify the differences in thermal properties. Meanwhile, a rheological test was conducted to investigate the shear stress and its viscosity. The TGA test shows that the SPF/PLA composite treated with NaOH and silane showed good thermal stability at 789.5 °C with 0.4% final residue. The DSC results indicate that the melting temperature of all samples is slightly the same at 155 °C (in the range of 1 °C), showing that the treatment does not interfere with the melting temperature of the SPF/PLA composite. Thus, the untreated SPF/PLA composite showed the highest degradation temperature, which was 383.2 °C. The SPF/PLA composite treated with NaOH and silane demonstrated the highest melt flow index of 17.6 g/min. In conclusion, these findings offer a reference point for determining the filament extrusion and printability of SPF/PLA composite filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hakim Mohd Nasir
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
| | - Mastura Mohammad Taha
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.M.T.); (M.N.F.N.)
| | - Nadlene Razali
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.M.T.); (M.N.F.N.)
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Norrrahim MNF, Knight VF, Nurazzi NM, Jenol MA, Misenan MSM, Janudin N, Kasim NAM, Shukor MFA, Ilyas RA, Asyraf MRM, Naveen J. The Frontiers of Functionalized Nanocellulose-Based Composites and Their Application as Chemical Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204461. [PMID: 36298039 PMCID: PMC9608972 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical sensors are a rapidly developing technology that has received much attention in diverse industries such as military, medicine, environmental surveillance, automotive power and mobility, food manufacturing, infrastructure construction, product packaging and many more. The mass production of low-cost devices and components for use as chemical sensors is a major driving force for improvements in each of these industries. Recently, studies have found that using renewable and eco-friendly materials would be advantageous for both manufacturers and consumers. Thus, nanotechnology has led to the investigation of nanocellulose, an emerging and desirable bio-material for use as a chemical sensor. The inherent properties of nanocellulose, its high tensile strength, large specific surface area and good porous structure have many advantages in its use as a composite material for chemical sensors, intended to decrease response time by minimizing barriers to mass transport between an analyte and the immobilized indicator in the sensor. Besides which, the piezoelectric effect from aligned fibers in nanocellulose composites is beneficial for application in chemical sensors. Therefore, this review presents a discussion on recent progress and achievements made in the area of nanocellulose composites for chemical sensing applications. Important aspects regarding the preparation of nanocellulose composites using different functionalization with other compounds are also critically discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.F.N.); (V.F.K.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.F.N.); (V.F.K.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Norizan Mohd Nurazzi
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.F.N.); (V.F.K.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Mohd Azwan Jenol
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurjahirah Janudin
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faizan A. Shukor
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Jesuarockiam Naveen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Mezbah U, Omar R, Md Isa Z, Knight VF. Validity of vision screening program conducted by preschool teachers: An interventional study. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol 2022; 11:1-10. [PMID: 37641697 PMCID: PMC10445321 DOI: 10.51329/mehdiophthal1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Clear vision is crucial for effective learning among preschool children. Hence, early detection of vision impairment and prompt treatment are required to improve prognosis. Currently, limited information is available, and no program exists to screen for vision impairment among preschoolers in Bangladesh. This study aimed to validate the KieVision™ Preschool Vision Screening Kit, translated into the Bengali language, to improve vision impairment detection among preschool children. Methods In this prospective case-control study, 60 preschool teachers from Chittagong were randomly selected. The study group was trained to conduct vision screening among preschool children using the translated kit, whereas the control group was trained using the Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex (CEITC) School Teachers' Training Module. Fifteen preschool children aged 4-6 years were screened by each preschool teacher and again by the optometrist. Results Sixty preschool teachers screened 900 children. The results showed a higher validity of vision screening findings by the preschool teachers in the study group (sensitivity, 68.00%; specificity, 92.75%) than in the control group (sensitivity 47.37%, specificity 70.39%). The level of agreement between the preschool teachers and optometrists was high for all tests (first-order agreement coefficient [AC1] ≥ 0.80 in the study group). The sensitivity and specificity of the visual acuity test for the study group were 59.65% and 94.15%, respectively, while in the control group it was 13.33% and 62.54%, respectively. A similar trend was noted in the general observation component and Hirschberg's test. Conclusions The Bengali Language KieVision™ Preschool Vision Screening Kit can be used effectively by preschool teachers in vision screening programs to improve the identification of vision impairment among preschool children in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddin Mezbah
- Optometry and Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Community Ophthalmology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Rokiah Omar
- Optometry and Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University Community Transformation Centre (UCTC), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Faculty of Medicine, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Omar R, Wong MES, Majumder C, Knight VF. Distribution of refractive error among chinese primary school children in a rural area in Pahang, Malaysia. Malays Fam Physician 2022; 17:29-35. [PMID: 35440969 PMCID: PMC9004430 DOI: 10.51866/oa1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the prevalence and status of refractive error among Chinese primary school children in a rural area in Pahang. METHODS This investigation entailed a cross-sectional retrospective study design involving case file analyses. The study site was a Chinese medium primary school in a rural locality within Bentong district. A total of 82 school children met the B40 classification and selection criteria; therefore, universal sampling was done. Analyses were done according to age group: Level 1 included ages 7 to 9 years, while Level 2 comprised 10- to 12-year-olds. RESULTS The mean age of the 82 Chinese school children was 9.72±1.5 years; the percentage of refractive errors found was 80.48%. A total of 53 (64.63%) children had myopia. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference (P=0.038) in the refractive error between age groups Level 1 and 2, but no significant difference (P=0.947) was observed in refractive error between genders. The chi-square test and Fishers exact test showed no significant association between the type of refractive error with gender (P>0.05) and age group (P=0.319). CONCLUSION Myopia was the most common type of refractive error among Chinese school children in a rural area in Pahang. Refractive error severity was influenced by age group but not by gender. Types of refractive error were not associated with age group and gender. Hence, it is recommended that Chinese school children in rural areas seek an annual vision screening or eye test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Omar
- B. Optom., PhD., Optometry & Vision Science Program, Research Community Health Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti, Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | - May Ek Su Wong
- B. Optom, Optometry & Vision Science Program, Research Community Health Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti, Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiranjib Majumder
- B. Optom., M. Optom, Optometry & Vision Science Program, Research Community Health Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti, Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- MBBS., MHP, Faculty of Medicine and Defence, Health, National Defence University, of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of eye injuries, medical costs and return-to-work status among industrial workers to provide better vision rehabilitative services. SETTING Nationwide data from the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) of Malaysia. PARTICIPANTS A stratified random sample of workers registered with the SOCSO of Malaysia with documentation of eye injury. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Characteristics of eye injuries and medical costs related to eye injury (primary) and return-to-work status (secondary). RESULTS A total of 884 from 8861 case files workplace accidents involving eye injury registered with Social Security Services (SOCSO) were identified. The mean age was 35±10 years and the highest incidence of work-related eye injury occurred in the age group 30-39 years and among Malay ethnics. Males are affected more than females' workers. The highest cause of eye injury was the impact from a moving object excluding falling objects (89.2%) and anterior segment injuries occurred more than posterior segment injuries. The total direct and Indirect medical cost was RM1 108 098.00 (US$316 599.40) and RM4 150 140.00 (US$1 185 754.20) for 884 cases. CONCLUSION The majority of workers suffered from the low level of eye injury. A significant relationship was found between the severity of eye injury and employee work status. The indirect cost of medical and vision rehabilitation was higher than the direct cost. Awareness and vision rehabilitation programmes at the workplace need to be addressed for better prevention and rehabilitative service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Omar
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syamilah Anan
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Izmel Azim Azri
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiranjib Majumder
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Norrrahim MNF, Mohd Kasim NA, Knight VF, Ong KK, Mohd Noor SA, Abdul Halim N, Ahmad Shah NA, Jamal SH, Janudin N, Misenan MSM, Ahmad MZ, Yaacob MH, Wan Yunus WMZ. Emerging Developments Regarding Nanocellulose-Based Membrane Filtration Material against Microbes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3249. [PMID: 34641067 PMCID: PMC8512566 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The wide availability and diversity of dangerous microbes poses a considerable problem for health professionals and in the development of new healthcare products. Numerous studies have been conducted to develop membrane filters that have antibacterial properties to solve this problem. Without proper protective filter equipment, healthcare providers, essential workers, and the general public are exposed to the risk of infection. A combination of nanotechnology and biosorption is expected to offer a new and greener approach to improve the usefulness of polysaccharides as an advanced membrane filtration material. Nanocellulose is among the emerging materials of this century and several studies have proven its use in filtering microbes. Its high specific surface area enables the adsorption of various microbial species, and its innate porosity can separate various molecules and retain microbial objects. Besides this, the presence of an abundant OH groups in nanocellulose grants its unique surface modification, which can increase its filtration efficiency through the formation of affinity interactions toward microbes. In this review, an update of the most relevant uses of nanocellulose as a new class of membrane filters against microbes is outlined. Key advancements in surface modifications of nanocellulose to enhance its rejection mechanism are also critically discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on the development of nanocellulose as a membrane filter against microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.N.F.N.); (K.K.O.); (S.A.M.N.); (N.J.)
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.N.F.N.); (K.K.O.); (S.A.M.N.); (N.J.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.A.S.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.N.F.N.); (K.K.O.); (S.A.M.N.); (N.J.)
| | - Keat Khim Ong
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.N.F.N.); (K.K.O.); (S.A.M.N.); (N.J.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.A.S.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Siti Aminah Mohd Noor
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.N.F.N.); (K.K.O.); (S.A.M.N.); (N.J.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.A.S.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Norhana Abdul Halim
- Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.A.S.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Siti Hasnawati Jamal
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.A.S.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Nurjahirah Janudin
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.N.F.N.); (K.K.O.); (S.A.M.N.); (N.J.)
| | - Muhammad Syukri Mohamad Misenan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey;
| | - Muhammad Zamharir Ahmad
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysia Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Hanif Yaacob
- Wireless and Photonics Network Research Centre (WiPNET), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus
- Research Centre for Tropicalisation, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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12
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Dzulkurnain NA, Mokhtar M, Rashid JIA, Knight VF, Wan Yunus WMZ, Ong KK, Mohd Kasim NA, Mohd Noor SA. A Review on Impedimetric and Voltammetric Analysis Based on Polypyrrole Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2728. [PMID: 34451266 PMCID: PMC8401594 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers have been widely used in electrochemical sensors as receptors of the sensing signal's analytes and transducers. Polypyrrole (PPy) conducting polymers are highlighted due to their good electrical conductive properties, ease in preparation, and flexibility of surface characteristics. The objective of this review paper is to discuss the theoretical background of the two main types of electrochemical detection: impedimetric and voltammetric analysis. It also reviews the application and results obtained from these two electrochemical detections when utilizing PPy as a based sensing material in electrochemical sensor. Finally, related aspects in electrochemical sensor construction using PPy will also be discussed. It is anticipated that this review will provide researchers, especially those without an electrochemical analysis background, with an easy-to-understand summary of the concepts and technologies used in electrochemical sensor research, particularly those interested in utilizing PPy as a based sensing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmaliah Dzulkurnain
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.D.); (J.I.A.R.)
| | - Marliyana Mokhtar
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.M.); (V.F.K.); (K.K.O.); (N.A.M.K.)
| | - Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.D.); (J.I.A.R.)
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.M.); (V.F.K.); (K.K.O.); (N.A.M.K.)
| | - Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus
- Centre for Tropicalisation, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Keat Khim Ong
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.M.); (V.F.K.); (K.K.O.); (N.A.M.K.)
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.M.); (V.F.K.); (K.K.O.); (N.A.M.K.)
| | - Siti Aminah Mohd Noor
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.A.D.); (J.I.A.R.)
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13
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Osman MJ, Abdul Rashid JI, Khim OK, Zin Wan Yunus WM, Mohd Noor SA, Mohd Kasim NA, Knight VF, Chuang TC. Optimisation of a gold nanoparticle-based aptasensor integrated with image processing for the colorimetric detection of acephate using response surface methodology. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25933-25942. [PMID: 35479481 PMCID: PMC9037117 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acephate (Ac) is an organophosphate (OP) compound, which is able to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize the detection of Ac using a thiolated acephate binding aptamer-citrate capped gold nanoparticle (TABA-Cit-AuNP) sensor that also incorporated an image processing technique. The effects of independent variables, such as the incubation period of TABA-Cit-AuNPs (3-24 h) for binding TABA to Cit-AuNPs, the concentration of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (0.001-0.01 M), the concentration of thiolated acephate binding aptamer (TABA) (50-200 nM), and the concentration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) (1-300 mM) were investigated. A quadratic model was developed using a central composite design (CCD) from response surface methodology (RSM) to predict the sensing response to Ac. The optimum conditions such as the concentration of PBS (0.01 M), the concentration of TABA (200 nM), the incubation period of TABA-Cit-AuNPs (3 h), and the concentration of MgSO4 (1 mM) were used to produce a TABA-Cit-AuNPs sensor for the detection of Ac. Under optimal conditions, this sensor showed a detection ranging from 0.01 to 2.73 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 μM. Real sample analysis demonstrated this aptasensor as a good analytical method to detect Ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Junaedy Osman
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia) Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia) Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ong Keat Khim
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia) Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus
- Centre for Tropicalisation, National Defence University of Malaysia Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siti Aminah Mohd Noor
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia) Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia) Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia Sungai Besi Camp 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Teoh Chin Chuang
- Engineering Research Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Malaysia
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Faiz Norrrahim MN, Mohd Kasim NA, Knight VF, Mohamad Misenan MS, Janudin N, Ahmad Shah NA, Kasim N, Wan Yusoff WY, Mohd Noor SA, Jamal SH, Ong KK, Zin Wan Yunus WM. Nanocellulose: a bioadsorbent for chemical contaminant remediation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7347-7368. [PMID: 35423275 PMCID: PMC8695092 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, and organic oils seriously affect the environment and threaten human health. About 2 million tons of waste is released every day into the water system. Heavy metals are the largest contributor which cover about 31% of the total composition of water contaminants. Every day, approximately 14 000 people die due to environmental exposure to selected chemicals. Removal of these contaminants down to safe levels is expensive, high energy and unsustainable by current approaches such as oxidation, biodegradation, photocatalysis, precipitation, reverse osmosis and adsorption. A combination of biosorption and nanotechnology offers a new way to remediate these chemical contaminants. Nanostructured materials are proven to have higher adsorption capacities than the same material in its larger-scale form. Nanocellulose is very promising as a high-performance bioadsorbent due to its interesting characteristics of high adsorption capacity, high mechanical strength, hydrophilic surface chemistry, renewability and biodegradability. It has been proven to have higher adsorption capacity and better binding affinity than other similar materials at the macroscale. The high specific surface area and abundance of hydroxyl groups within lead to the possible functionalization of this material for decontamination purposes. Several research papers have shown the effectiveness of nanocellulose in the remediation of chemical contaminants. This review aims to provide an overview of the most recent developments regarding nanocellulose as an adsorbent for chemical contamination remediation. Recent advancements regarding the modification of nanocellulose to enhance its adsorption efficiency towards heavy metals, dyes and organic oils were highlighted. Moreover, the desorption capability and environmental issue related to every developed nanocellulose-based adsorbent were also tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Syukri Mohamad Misenan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus 34220 Esenler Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nurjahirah Janudin
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Norherdawati Kasim
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusmawati Wan Yusoff
- Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siti Aminah Mohd Noor
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siti Hasnawati Jamal
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Keat Khim Ong
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Research Centre for Tropicalisation, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Osman MJ, Wan Yunus WMZ, Ong KK, Chieng BW, Mohd Kassim NA, Mohd Noor SA, Feizal Knight V, Abd Rashid JI, Teoh CC. Image Digitization of Colorimetric Detection of Acephate Based on Its Complexation with Citrate-Capped Gold Nanoparticles. J CHEM-NY 2020; 2020:1-10. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8872048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acephate (Ac), an organophosphate (OP) insecticide, is very harmful to human and the environment. Conventional techniques of detection are sensitive and selective but relatively time-consuming, expensive, and require trained personnel. This paper describes the use of an image processing technique to digitize the red values (RVs) of the colour image of Ac-capped gold nanoparticles (Ac-Cit-AuNPs) complex captured using a digital microscope to improve the detection accuracy and precision. The formation of the suspension was characterised using laser test, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). The linear regression analysis revealed that the detection sensitivity improved as the smaller gold nanoparticles were used. For quantitative measurement using image processing, a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9905 and 0.9924) for Cit-HAuNPs and Cit-MAuNPs, respectively, between the concentration of Ac and average red values was obtained in the range of 0–8 mM. The limit of detection (LOD) for Ac was found to be 0.3 mM and 0.4 mM for Cit-MAuNPs and Cit-HAuNPs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Junaedy Osman
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus
- Centre for Tropicalisation, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Keat Khim Ong
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Buong Woei Chieng
- Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kassim
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aminah Mohd Noor
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jahwarhar Izuan Abd Rashid
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chin Chuang Teoh
- Engineering Research Centre, MARDI Headquarter Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Norizan MN, Moklis MH, Ngah Demon SZ, Halim NA, Samsuri A, Mohamad IS, Knight VF, Abdullah N. Carbon nanotubes: functionalisation and their application in chemical sensors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43704-43732. [PMID: 35519676 PMCID: PMC9058486 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09438b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been recognised as a promising material in a wide range of applications, from safety to energy-related devices. However, poor solubility in aqueous and organic solvents has hindered the utilisation and applications of carbon nanotubes. As studies progressed, the methodology for CNTs dispersion was established. The current state of research in CNTs either single wall or multiwall/polymer nanocomposites has been reviewed in context with the various types of functionalisation presently employed. Functionalised CNTs have been playing an increasingly central role in the research, development, and application of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials and systems. The extremely high surface-to-volume ratio, geometry, and hollow structure of nanomaterials are ideal for the adsorption of gas molecules. This offers great potential applications, such as in gas sensor devices working at room temperature. Particularly, the advent of CNTs has fuelled the invention of CNT-based gas sensors which are very sensitive to the surrounding environment. The presence of O2, NH3, NO2 gases and many other chemicals and molecules can either donate or accept electrons, resulting in an alteration of the overall conductivity. Such properties make CNTs ideal for nano-scale gas-sensing materials. Conductive-based devices have already been demonstrated as gas sensors. However, CNTs still have certain limitations for gas sensor application, such as a long recovery time, limited gas detection, and weakness to humidity and other gases. Therefore, the nanocomposites of interest consisting of polymer and CNTs have received a great deal of attention for gas-sensing application due to higher sensitivity over a wide range of gas concentrations at room temperature compared to only using CNTs and the polymer of interest separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nurazzi Norizan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Harussani Moklis
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Norhana Abdul Halim
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Alinda Samsuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Imran Syakir Mohamad
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Norli Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Faiz Norrrahim MN, Idayu Abdul Razak MA, Ahmad Shah NA, Kasim H, Wan Yusoff WY, Halim NA, Mohd Nor SA, Jamal SH, Ong KK, Zin Wan Yunus WM, Knight VF, Mohd Kasim NA. Recent developments on oximes to improve the blood brain barrier penetration for the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4465-4489. [PMID: 35495228 PMCID: PMC9049292 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are highly toxic synthetic compounds which have been used as pesticides and developed as warfare nerve agents. They represent a threat to both military and civilian populations. OP pesticides affect the nervous system and are thought to have caused at least 5 million deaths since their discovery in the 1930s. At present the treatment of OP nerve agent poisoning commonly involves the use of parenteral oximes. However, the blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a challenge in the delivery of oximes to the central nervous system (CNS). This is because almost all macromolecule drugs (including oximes) fail to pass through the BBB to reach the CNS structures. The presence of a permanent cationic charge in oximes has made these compounds inefficient in crossing the BBB. Thus, oximes are unable to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the CNS. Using current structural and mechanistic understanding of the BBB under both physiological and pathological conditions, it becomes possible to design delivery systems for oximes and other drugs that are able to cross the BBB effectively. This review summarises the recent strategies in the development of oximes which are capable of crossing the BBB to treat OP poisoning. Several new developments using oximes are reviewed along with their advantages and disadvantages. This review could be beneficial for future directions in the development of oxime and other drug delivery systems into the CNS. Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are highly toxic synthetic compounds which have been used as pesticides and developed as warfare nerve agents.![]()
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Diauudin FN, Rashid JIA, Knight VF, Wan Yunus WMZ, Ong KK, Kasim NAM, Abdul Halim N, Noor SAM. A review of current advances in the detection of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents based biosensor approaches. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Background School children are considered a high-risk group for visual impairment because uncorrected refractive errors and problems such as amblyopia can seriously affect their learning abilities and their physical and mental development. There are many studies reporting the prevalence of refractive errors among school children of different ethnic groups in Malaysia, however, studies concerning the prevalence of refractive errors among indigenous or Orang Asli children are very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment among Orang Asli children. Methods One hundred ten Orang Asli children aged 7 to 12 years old in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia were selected. 51% of these children were boys while the remainders were girls. They underwent visual acuity test, cover test, Hirschberg’s test, ocular external assessment and ophthalmoscopy. Children who failed the vision screening were then referred for further eye examination. Results Of these 110 Orang Asli children, 46 failed the vision screening and subsequently 45 of them were confirmed to have visual problems (40.9% of the total subjects). The main cause of visual impairment in this study was refractive error (34.5% of the total subjects) where the main refractive error found was hyperopia (28.2%) followed by amblyopia (2.7%), strabismus (1.8%) and ocular abnormalities (1.8%). Conclusion Hence, vision screening and a comprehensive eye examination is very important and needs to be done on all Orang Asli children so that any visual problems can be detect at an early stage to avoid the development of learning difficulties among these already disadvantaged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Omar
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,University Community Transformation Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Campus, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Omar R, Kuan YM, Zuhairi NA, Manan FA, Knight VF. Visual efficiency among teenaged athletes and non-athletes. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1460-1464. [PMID: 28944208 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.09.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare visual efficiency, specifically accom-modation, vergence, and oculomotor functions among athletes and non-athletes. METHODS A cross-sectional study on sports vision screening was used to evaluate the visual skills of 214 elementary students (107 athletes, 107 non-athletes), aged between 13 and 16y. The visual screening assessed visual parameters such as ocular motor alignment, accommodation, and vergence functions. RESULTS Mean visual parameters were compared between age-group matched athletes (mean age 14.82±0.98y) and non-athletes (mean age 15.00±1.04y). The refractive errors of all participants were corrected to maximal attainable best corrected visual acuity of logMAR 0.0. Accommodation function assessment evaluated amplitude of accommodation and accommodation facility. Vergence functions measured the near point of convergence, vergence facility, and distance fusional vergence at break and recovery point. Ocular motor alignment was not statistically significant between both groups. Athletes had a statistically significant amplitude of accommodation for both the right eye (t=2.30, P=0.02) and the left eye (t=1.99, P=0.05). Conversely, non-athletes had better accommodation facility (t=-2.54, P=0.01) and near point of convergence (t=4.39, P<0.001) when compared to athletes. Vergence facility was found to be better among athletes (t=2.47, P=0.01). Nevertheless, non-athletes were significantly better for both distance negative and positive fusional vergence. CONCLUSION Although the findings are still inconclusive as to whether athletes had superior visual skills as compared to non-athletes, it remains important to identify and elucidate the key visual skills needed by athletes in order for them to achieve higher performance in their sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Omar
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Yau Meng Kuan
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Atikah Zuhairi
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Faudziah Abd Manan
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Omar RH, Meng KY, Knight VF, Manan FA, Ahmad Padri MN. Visual anticipation time differences between athletes in open and closed skills sports. MoHE 2017; 6. [DOI: 10.15282/mohe.v6i1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to anticipation accurately and consistently plays a vital role to excel in sports performance. The present study was designed to determine the differences of visual anticipation time between dynamic and static sports. A total of 95 junior athletes, aged 13 to 16 years old (=14.84±1.04 years) from Bukit Jalil Sports School participated in the study. Participants were distributed to dynamic (n=47) and static (n=48) sports according to their sports participation. Visual anticipation time was tested using Bassin Anticipation Timer in response to stimuli at the speed of 5, 10, and 15 mph, measuring absolute and variable error. Absolute error measured the accuracy of responses while variable error focused on the consistency of responses. The results of this investigation showed that in general dynamic sport are not superior over anticipation ability in relations to accuracy and consistency as compared to static sports across all speeds (p < 0.05). The evidence from this study suggested more emphasis on training related to eye and hand coordination would be imperative for dynamic sports athletes to enhance in on-field sports performance. This study could serve as a base for future studies focusing on visual and hand coordination related to speed as anticipation has been proven to be the key leading to superior performance and for talent identification purposes. Future research concentrating on elite athletes as well as focused sports group would provide further insights on anticipation ability of athletes.
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Omar R, Knight VF, Aziz Mohammed MA. Low vision rehabilitation and ocular problems among industrial workers in a developing country. Malays Fam Physician 2014; 9:27-33. [PMID: 26425302 PMCID: PMC4568723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Work-related ocular injuries and illnesses were among the major causes of job absenteeism. This study was conducted to determine if low vision rehabilitation was provided following work-related ocular problems among industrial workers in a developing country. This was a retrospective analysis of case records. METHOD Randomly selected records of all employees from the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) Medical Board for 2004 who suffered from ocular injuries and illnesses were selected. Rates of ocular injuries and illnesses according to age, gender, races, types of injuries, types of industries, visual rehabilitation and types of medical interventions were tabulated and analysed. RESULTS A total of 26 cases of ocular injuries and illnesses were identified where 46.2% suffered from ocular injuries. The remaining 53.8% had ocular and/or systemic diseases. The 40-49-yearold age group suffered the greatest number of injuries (26.92%). Ocular perforating injuries (66.67%) and ocular contusions (33.33%) were the most common types of ocular injury among industrial workers in Kuala Lumpur. Most injuries occurred among workers in the service industry (50%). Almost 60% of these injured workers did not receive any low vision rehabilitation after medical intervention while 25% were given contact lenses or spectacles as rehabilitation and remaining had surgery. CONCLUSION The low vision rehabilitation is still unexplored in the management of ocular injuries and illnesses among industrial workers. Introducing low vision rehabilitation can benefit both workers and employers as it provides care beyond spectacles or contact lens prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Omar
- Rokiah Omar BOptom, PhD Optometry & Vision Sciences Programme, Schol of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - V F Knight
- Victor Feizal Knight MBBS, MHP Faculty of Medicine and Health Defence, National Defence University, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M A Aziz Mohammed
- NMohammed MBBS (UM), LFOM (Ireland), C.I.M.W (ABIME USA), FFOM (Ireland), MBA (OXEL) Social Security Organisations (SOCSO), Menara PERKESO, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Omar R, Rahman MHA, Knight VF, Mustaphal M, Mohammed Z. Mental health state and quality of life questionnaire in low vision assessment: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:667. [PMID: 25245590 PMCID: PMC4190380 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vision impairment associated with diabetic retinopathy, is well known and low vision rehabilitation is always recommended. In this report, the importance of objective measure of mental health and quality of life screening in diabetic retinopathy low-vision assessment is discussed. Case presentation We describe the case of a 43-year-old Asian female who has mild vision impairment due to tractional retinal detachment secondary to diabetic retinopathy and how mental health screening and quality of life screening during low vision rehabilitation can improve in the management of this patient. Conclusion Although vision impairment was mild, the psychological impact was enormous and affected her quality of life substantially. This case report illustrates that recognition of the mental health and quality of life impact on visual impairment is critical to the rehabilitation management of low vision patients with diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Omar
- Optometry & Vision Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Rokiah O, Knight VF, Duratul AH. The outcome of combining home based and clinic based amblyopia therapy among preschool children. Med J Malaysia 2013; 68:245-248. [PMID: 23749015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the outcome of combining home based and clinic based amblyopia therapy among preschool children. A total of 479 preschool children were randomly selected for vision screening. Amblyopic therapy was prescribed to children whose visual acuity (VA) could not be improved to <0.1 LogMAR after a 6 week adaptation period with glasses. Intensive near work activities were conducted daily at home for 12 weeks, monitored by parents while weekly therapy was conducted at the optometry clinic by an optometrist. Six preschool children were diagnosed with refractive amblyopia, spherical equivalent (SE) was -11.25D to +0.75D. Significant improvement was found in the VA of right eye, t(6) = 3.07, left eye t(6) = 3.07 and both eyes t(6) = 3.42) p<0.05, at the end of the 12 week therapy. Combining home based and clinic based amblyopia therapy among preschool children showed a positive improvement in VA after 12 weeks of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rokiah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, Optometry & Vision Science Programme, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of vision defects have been reported in association with albinism, such as photophobia, nystagmus and astigmatism. In many cases only prescription sunglasses are prescribed. In this report, the effectiveness of low-vision rehabilitation in albinism, which included prescription of multiple visual aids, is discussed. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 21-year-old Asian woman with albinism and associated vision defects. Her problems were blurring of distant vision, glare and her dissatisfaction with her current auto-focus spectacle-mounted telescope device, which she reported as being heavy as well as cosmetically unacceptable. We describe how low-vision rehabilitation using multiple visual aids, namely spectacles, special iris-tinted contact lenses with clear pupils, and bi-level telemicroscopic apparatus devices improved her quality of life. Subsequent to rehabilitation our patient is happier and continues to use the visual aids. CONCLUSIONS Contact lenses with a special iris tint and clear pupil area are useful aids to reduce the glare experienced by albinos. Bi-level telemicroscopic apparatus telemicroscopes fitted onto our patient's prescription spectacles were cosmetically acceptable and able to improve her distance vision. As a result these low-vision rehabilitation approaches improved the quality of life of our albino patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Omar
- Optometry and Visual Science Program, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Omar R, Hussin DA, Knight VF. Comparison of Lea Symbols chart and Sheridan Gardiner chart in assessing vision screening among pre-school children: a Malaysia perspective. J Med Assoc Thai 2012; 95:412-417. [PMID: 22550841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compare the performance of Lea Symbols and Sheridan Gardiner charts against the standard test chart used to determine reduced VA during vision screening among pre-schoolers. MATERIAL AND METHOD Seven hundred seventy five pre-school participated where 389 subjects were boys and 386 subjects were girls were tested using the Lea Symbols chart and the Sheridan Gardiner chart. The mean age of the pre-school children was 5.3 +/- 0.7 years old. RESULTS The Lea Symbols chart showed a higher sensitivity (97.5%) compared to the Sheridan Gardiner chart (57.1%). While the Sheridan Gardiner chart showed higher specificity (92.0%) compared to the Lea Symbols chart (45.0%). CONCLUSION The Lea Symbols chart offers a better pick-up rate of visual impairment during a vision-screening program especially cases of amblyopia among pre-school children compared to the Sheridan Gardiner chart in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Omar
- Optometry & Visual Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Omar R, Mohammed Z, Knight VF, Basrul MH. Profile of low vision children in the special education schools in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2009; 64:289-293. [PMID: 20954552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study looked at the causes of vision loss, levels of distance, near vision and the use of low vision devices (LVDs) in children studying at special schools in Malaysia. A total of 139 children from two special education schools took part. Visual acuity was measured with and without LVDs. Those who required further assessment were referred to Low Vision Clinic. Near visual acuity in 71 children ranged from N4 to N64. Sixty eight children could not read the N64 chart or they were totally blind. Only eight students were using LVDs before intervention. Seventy one children were referred for low vision assessment and 48 were found to benefit from the LVDs prescribed. The major cause of visual impairment was cataract (17%). Hand held magnifier was the most preferred LVD. Majority of the children attending the blind schools had residual vision but did not have LVDs. LVDs are able to significantly improve near visual acuity and hence there is a need to prescribe and train the children to use the LVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Omar
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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