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Laverdure S, Kazadi D, Kone K, Callier V, Dabitao D, Dennis D, Haidara MC, Hunsberger S, Mbaya OT, Ridzon R, Sereti I, Shaw-Saliba K. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in vaccine-naïve participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 142:106985. [PMID: 38417612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The InVITE study, starting in August 2021, was designed to examine the immunogenicity of different vaccine regimens in several countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali. Prevaccination baseline samples were used to obtain estimates of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in the study population. METHODS Adult participants were enrolled upon receipt of their initial COVID-19 vaccine from August 2021 to June 2022. Demographic and comorbidity data were collected at the time of baseline sample collection. SARS-CoV-2 serum anti-Spike and anti-Nucleocapsid antibody levels were measured. RESULTS Samples tested included 1016, 375, 663, and 776, from DRC, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali, respectively. Only 0.8% of participants reported a prior positive SARS-CoV-2 test, while 83% and 68% had anti-Spike and anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 86% over the accrual period, suggesting a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Low rates of prior positive test results may be explained by asymptomatic infections, limited access to SARS-CoV-2 test kits and health care, and inadequate surveillance. These seroprevalence rates are from a convenience sample and may not be representative of the population in general, underscoring the need for timely, well-conducted surveillance as part of global pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laverdure
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD.
| | - Donatien Kazadi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Kadidia Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD
| | - Djeneba Dabitao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Dehkontee Dennis
- Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Mory Cherif Haidara
- Partnership of Clinical Research in Guinea (PREGUI), Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah, Guinea
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Olivier Tshiani Mbaya
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD
| | - Renee Ridzon
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katy Shaw-Saliba
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Singh K, Rubenstein K, Callier V, Shaw-Saliba K, Rupert A, Dewar R, Laverdure S, Highbarger H, Lallemand P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Sampoleo R, Mills MG, Greninger AL, Juneja K, Porter D, Benson CA, Dempsey W, El Sahly HM, Focht C, Jilg N, Paules CI, Rapaka RR, Uyeki TM, Lane HC, Beigel J, Dodd LE. SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nucleocapsid antigen are blood biomarkers associated with severe disease outcomes that improve in response to remdesivir. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae198. [PMID: 38657001 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although antivirals remain important for the treatment COVID-19, methods to assess treatment efficacy are lacking. Here, we investigated the impact of remdesivir on viral dynamics and their contribution to understanding antiviral efficacy in the multicenter ACTT-1 clinical trial that randomized patients to remdesivir or placebo. METHODS Longitudinal specimens collected during hospitalization from a substudy of 642 COVID-19 patients were measured for viral RNA (upper respiratory tract and plasma), viral nucleocapsid antigen (serum), and host immunologic markers. Associations with clinical outcomes and response to therapy were assessed. RESULTS Higher baseline plasma viral loads were associated with poorer clinical outcomes, and decreases in viral RNA and antigen in blood but not the upper respiratory tract correlated with enhanced benefit from remdesivir. The treatment effect of remdesivir was most pronounced in patients with elevated baseline nucleocapsid antigen levels: the recovery rate ratio was 1.95 (95%CI 1.40-2.71) for levels >245 pg/ml vs 1.04 (95%CI 0.76-1.42) for levels < 245 pg/ml. Remdesivir also accelerated the rate of viral RNA and antigen clearance in blood, and patients whose blood levels decreased were more likely to recover and survive. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antigen levels in blood correlated with clinical benefit from antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanal Singh
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Rubenstein
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Katy Shaw-Saliba
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Rupert
- National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robin Dewar
- National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reigran Sampoleo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Margaret G Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Walla Dempsey
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hana M El Sahly
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Nikolaus Jilg
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catharine I Paules
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rekha R Rapaka
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Clifford Lane
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Beigel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lori E Dodd
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Potter GE, Callier V, Shrestha B, Joshi S, Dwivedi A, Silva JC, Laurens MB, Follmann DA, Deye GA. Can incorporating genotyping data into efficacy estimators improve efficiency of early phase malaria vaccine trials? Malar J 2023; 22:383. [PMID: 38115002 PMCID: PMC10729369 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early phase malaria vaccine field trials typically measure malaria infection by PCR or thick blood smear microscopy performed on serially sampled blood. Vaccine efficacy (VE) is the proportion reduction in an endpoint due to vaccination and is often calculated as VEHR = 1-hazard ratio or VERR = 1-risk ratio. Genotyping information can distinguish different clones and distinguish multiple infections over time, potentially increasing statistical power. This paper investigates two alternative VE endpoints incorporating genotyping information: VEmolFOI, the vaccine-induced proportion reduction in incidence of new clones acquired over time, and VEC, the vaccine-induced proportion reduction in mean number of infecting clones per exposure. METHODS Power of VEmolFOI and VEC was compared to that of VEHR and VERR by simulations and analytic derivations, and the four VE methods were applied to three data sets: a Phase 3 trial of RTS,S malaria vaccine in 6912 African infants, a Phase 2 trial of PfSPZ Vaccine in 80 Burkina Faso adults, and a trial comparing Plasmodium vivax incidence in 466 Papua New Guinean children after receiving chloroquine + artemether lumefantrine with or without primaquine (as these VE methods can also quantify effects of other prevention measures). By destroying hibernating liver-stage P. vivax, primaquine reduces subsequent reactivations after treatment completion. RESULTS In the trial of RTS,S vaccine, a significantly reduced number of clones at first infection was observed, but this was not the case in trials of PfSPZ Vaccine or primaquine, although the PfSPZ trial lacked power to show a reduction. Resampling smaller data sets from the large RTS,S trial to simulate phase 2 trials showed modest power gains from VEC compared to VEHR for data like those from RTS,S, but VEC is less powerful than VEHR for trials in which the number of clones at first infection is not reduced. VEmolFOI was most powerful in model-based simulations, but only the primaquine trial collected enough serial samples to precisely estimate VEmolFOI. The primaquine VEmolFOI estimate decreased after most control arm liver-stage infections reactivated (which mathematically resembles a waning vaccine), preventing VEmolFOI from improving power. CONCLUSIONS The power gain from the genotyping methods depends on the context. Because input parameters for early phase power calculations are often uncertain, these estimators are not recommended as primary endpoints for small trials unless supported by targeted data analysis. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS NCT00866619, NCT02663700, NCT02143934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail E Potter
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Biraj Shrestha
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudhaunshu Joshi
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ankit Dwivedi
- Institute for Genomic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joana C Silva
- Institute for Genomic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dean A Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gregory A Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
- AstraZeneca PLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Zendt M, Bustos Carrillo FA, Kelly S, Saturday T, DeGrange M, Ginigeme A, Wu L, Callier V, Ortega-Villa A, Faust M, Chang-Rabley E, Bugal K, Kenney H, Khil P, Youn JH, Osei G, Regmi P, Anderson V, Bosticardo M, Daub J, DiMaggio T, Kreuzburg S, Pala F, Pfister J, Treat J, Ulrick J, Karkanitsa M, Kalish H, Kuhns DB, Priel DL, Fink DL, Tsang JS, Sparks R, Uzel G, Waldman MA, Zerbe CS, Delmonte OM, Bergerson JRE, Das S, Freeman AF, Lionakis MS, Sadtler K, van Doremalen N, Munster V, Notarangelo LD, Holland SM, Ricotta EE. Characterization of the antispike IgG immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with a wide variety of immunodeficiencies. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh3150. [PMID: 37824621 PMCID: PMC10569702 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Research on coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) has focused on cancer and organ transplantation populations. In a prospective cohort of 195 IDP and 35 healthy volunteers (HV), antispike immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 88% of IDP after dose 2, increasing to 93% by 6 months after dose 3. Despite high seroconversion, median IgG levels for IDP never surpassed one-third that of HV. IgG binding to Omicron BA.1 was lowest among variants. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 pseudo-neutralization only modestly correlated with antispike IgG concentration. IgG levels were not significantly altered by receipt of different messenger RNA-based vaccines, immunomodulating treatments, and prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections. While our data show that three doses of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations induce antispike IgG in most IDP, additional doses are needed to increase protection. Because of the notably reduced IgG response to Omicron BA.1, the efficacy of additional vaccinations, including bivalent vaccines, should be studied in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Zendt
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fausto A. Bustos Carrillo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sophie Kelly
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Maureen DeGrange
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anita Ginigeme
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Medical Science and Computing LLC, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lurline Wu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ana Ortega-Villa
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Emma Chang-Rabley
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kara Bugal
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Heather Kenney
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pavel Khil
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Jung-Ho Youn
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Gloria Osei
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Pravesh Regmi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Victoria Anderson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janine Daub
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas DiMaggio
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Kreuzburg
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justina Pfister
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Treat
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jean Ulrick
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Heather Kalish
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B. Kuhns
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Debra L. Priel
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Danielle L. Fink
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John S. Tsang
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT,USA
| | - Rachel Sparks
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meryl A. Waldman
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christa S. Zerbe
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ottavia M. Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenna R. E. Bergerson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanchita Das
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD,USA
| | - Alexandra F. Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Section for Immunoengineering, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven M. Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily E. Ricotta
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Potter GE, Callier V, Shrestha B, Joshi S, Dwivedi A, Silva JC, Laurens MB, Follmann DA, Deye GA. Can incorporating genotyping data into efficacy estimators improve efficiency of early phase malaria vaccine trials? Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3370731. [PMID: 37790581 PMCID: PMC10543529 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3370731/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Early phase malaria vaccine field trials typically measure malaria infection by PCR or thick blood smear microscopy performed on serially sampled blood. Vaccine efficacy (VE) is the proportion reduction in an endpoint due to vaccination and is often calculated as V E H R = 1 - hazard ratio or V E R R = 1 - risk ratio. Genotyping information can distinguish different clones and distinguish multiple infections over time, potentially increasing statistical power. This paper investigates two alternative VE endpoints incorporating genotyping information: V E m o l F O I , the vaccine-induced proportion reduction in incidence of new clones acquired over time, and V E C , the vaccine-induced proportion reduction in mean number of infecting clones per exposure. Methods We used simulations and analytic derivations to compare power of these methods to V E H R and V E R R and applied them to three data sets: a Phase 3 trial of RTS,S malaria vaccine in 6912 African infants, a Phase 2 trial of PfSPZ Vaccine in 80 Burkina Faso adults, and a trial comparing Plasmodium vivax incidence in 466 Papua New Guinean children after receiving chloroquine + artemether lumefantrine with or without primaquine (as these VE methods can also quantify effects of other prevention measures). By destroying hibernating liver-stage P. vivax, primaquine reduces subsequent reactivations after treatment completion. Results The RTS,S vaccine significantly reduced the number of clones at first infection, but PfSPZ vaccine and primaquine did not. Resampling smaller data sets from the large RTS,S trial to simulate phase 2 trials showed modest power gains from V E C compared to V E H R for data like RTS,S, but V E C is less powerful than V E H R for vaccines which do not reduce the number of clones at first infection. V E m o l F O I was most powerful in model-based simulations, but only the primaquine trial collected enough serial samples to precisely estimate V E m o l F O I . The primaquine V E m o l F O I estimate decreased after most control arm liver-stage infections reactivated (which mathematically resembles a waning vaccine), preventing V E m o l F O I from improving power. Conclusions The power gain from the genotyping methods depends on the context. Because input parameters for early phase power calculations are often uncertain, we recommend against these estimators as primary endpoints for small trials unless supported by targeted data analysis. Trial registrations NCT00866619, NCT02663700, NCT02143934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail E Potter
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
| | | | | | - Ankit Dwivedi
- Institute for Genomic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Joana C Silva
- Institute for Genomic Sciences and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Matthew B Laurens
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Dean A Follmann
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Gregory A Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health
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6
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Odio CD, Lowman KE, Law M, Aogo RA, Hunsberger S, Wood BJ, Kassin M, Levy E, Callier V, Firdous S, Hasund CM, Voirin C, Kattappuram R, Yek C, Manning J, Durbin A, Whitehead SS, Katzelnick LC. Phase 1 trial to model primary, secondary, and tertiary dengue using a monovalent vaccine. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:345. [PMID: 37221466 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The four co-circulating and immunologically interactive dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) pose a unique challenge to vaccine design because sub-protective immunity can increase the risk of severe dengue disease. Existing dengue vaccines have lower efficacy in DENV seronegative individuals but higher efficacy in DENV exposed individuals. There is an urgent need to identify immunological measures that are strongly associated with protection against viral replication and disease following sequential exposure to distinct serotypes. METHODS/DESIGN This is a phase 1 trial wherein healthy adults with neutralizing antibodies to zero (seronegative), one non-DENV3 (heterotypic), or more than one (polytypic) DENV serotype will be vaccinated with the live attenuated DENV3 monovalent vaccine rDEN3Δ30/31-7164. We will examine how pre-vaccine host immunity influences the safety and immunogenicity of DENV3 vaccination in a non-endemic population. We hypothesize that the vaccine will be safe and well tolerated, and all groups will have a significant increase in the DENV1-4 neutralizing antibody geometric mean titer between days 0 and 28. Compared to the seronegative group, the polytypic group will have lower mean peak vaccine viremia, due to protection conferred by prior DENV exposure, while the heterotypic group will have higher mean peak viremia, due to mild enhancement. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include characterizing serological, innate, and adaptive cell responses; evaluating proviral or antiviral contributions of DENV-infected cells; and immunologically profiling the transcriptome, surface proteins, and B and T cell receptor sequences and affinities of single cells in both peripheral blood and draining lymph nodes sampled via serial image-guided fine needle aspiration. DISCUSSION This trial will compare the immune responses after primary, secondary, and tertiary DENV exposure in naturally infected humans living in non-endemic areas. By evaluating dengue vaccines in a new population and modeling the induction of cross-serotypic immunity, this work may inform vaccine evaluation and broaden potential target populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05691530 registered on January 20, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila D Odio
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kelsey E Lowman
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa Law
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosemary A Aogo
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- Division of Clinical Research, Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brad J Wood
- Interventional Radiology and Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kassin
- Interventional Radiology and Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elliot Levy
- Interventional Radiology and Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | - Saba Firdous
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chloe M Hasund
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charlie Voirin
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robbie Kattappuram
- Department of Pharmacy, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina Yek
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Manning
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Durbin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Whitehead
- Arbovirus Vaccine Research Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Kubala S, Callier V, Rasooly M, Dempsey C, Brittain E, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio P. Determinants of Quality of Life in Patients with IgE-Mediated Food Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Singh K, Rubenstein K, Callier V, Shaw-Saliba K, Rupert A, Dewar RL, Laverdure S, Highbarger H, Lallemand P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Sampoleo R, Mills M, Porter DP, Juneja K, Greninger AL, Clifford Lane H, Beigel JH, Dodd LE, Dodd LE. 789. Viral and Immunologic biomarkers of COVID-19 improve risk stratification and identify patients most likely to benefit from therapy with remdesivir. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
ACTT-1 demonstrated clinical efficacy of remdesivir (RDV) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19; subgroup analyses suggested those most likely to benefit presented with milder clinical illness. To further clarify what subsets of hospitalized patients might benefit from RDV, we analyzed virological and immunological biomarkers in this previously reported cohort.
Methods
Serum and upper respiratory tract (URT) swabs were collected on Day 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while hospitalized; Day 15 and 29 as able were collected and tested for quantitative RNA (URT and plasma), serum nucleoprotein (NPR), IL-6, CRP through Day 6, and serostatus (baseline only). Participants with a baseline and at least one subsequent sample were used in this analysis. Associations of all these biomarkers with clinical outcomes (mortality, recovery) and response to therapy were assessed. Of the 1062 participants in ACTT-1, 642 had baseline and at least one subsequent sample within 6 days of randomization (Fig 1, Table 1).
Results
RDV-treated patients with moderate/severe disease who had elevated baseline NPR levels recovered faster (RRR 1.95 vs 1.04, p = 0.01); similar trends were noted for plasma and URT RNA levels (Fig 2A); mortality treatment effects by viral load subgroups (high or low) were not seen (Fig 2B). In patients with less severe illness, RDV treatment was associated with an accelerated decline in NPR (difference -0.062 log10 pg/ml per day, p = 0.003) and plasma RNA levels (difference -0.040 log10 pg/ml per day, p = 0.004. Fig 3A), and a decrease in the proportion of patients with increasing and/or persistent viral loads (Fig 3B). Patients with increasing/persistent viral loads also took longer to recover than those with decreasing viral loads, irrespective of disease severity: RRR for plasma RNA 0.45, 95% CI 0.28–0.73, RRR for NPR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.88 for moderate/severe disease; RRR for plasma RNA 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 – 0.70, RRR for NPR n.e. (no recoveries) for critical disease (Fig 4).
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates a systemic antiviral effect of remdesivir, shows the prognostic value of viral and immunologic biomarkers for mortality and failure to recover, and identifies a group of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 most likely to benefit from remdesivir treatment.
Disclosures
Kevin Rubenstein, MS, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Viviane Callier, PhD, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Adam Rupert, n/a, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Robin L. Dewar, PhD, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Sylvain Laverdure, n/a, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Helene Highbarger, n/a, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Perrine Lallemand, n/a, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Danielle P. Porter, PhD, Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Kavita Juneja, n/a, Gilead Sciences: Employee Alexander L. Greninger, MD, PhD, Abbott: Contract testing|Cepheid: Contract testing|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Hologic: Contract testing|Janssen: Contract testing|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Contract testing|Pfizer: Contract testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanal Singh
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Katy Shaw-Saliba
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Adam Rupert
- Frederick National Laboratory , Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H Clifford Lane
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - John H Beigel
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Lori E Dodd
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Lori E Dodd
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
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Callier V. Training awards increasingly important for future funding and landing a faculty job. Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1126/science.caredit.aay0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Callier V. The second biennial meeting of the Pan-American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2018; 330:132-137. [PMID: 29733500 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evodevo is concerned with understanding how phenotypes develop and evolve, how organismal diversity is generated and maintained, and how evolutionary innovations originate. The second Pan-American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology (PASEDB) meeting in Calgary, Canada, showcased a great variety of species and study systems, and a variety of approaches to address these questions. Although there were, like at the first PASEDB meeting, many developmental genetic and genomic studies, much of the work moved beyond comparative developmental genetics toward more integrative studies that seek explanations at different levels of the organismal hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Callier
- Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, New Jersey
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Harrison JF, Campbell JB, Lundquist T, Callier V, Cogley T, Fox T, Greenlee KJ. Mechanisms for Oxygen‐Mediation of Body Size. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.861.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taylor Lundquist
- Department of Biological SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | | | | | - Trevor Fox
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZ
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Callier V. Faculty careers can progress in many directions. Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aar2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Callier V. Faculty careers can progress in many directions. Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1126/science.caredit.aar2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Callier V. Should you consider another degree after your Ph.D.? Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1126/science.caredit.a1700058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Callier V. Climbing the social ladder can strengthen your immune system, monkey study suggests. Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Callier V. The complex role of gender in faculty hiring. Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1126/science.caredit.a1600061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Callier V. Even giant mammoths weren’t safe from prehistoric predators. Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Callier V. Arizona’s virgin ant queens could shed light on the predictability of evolution. Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Harrison JF, Shingleton AW, Callier V. Stunted by Developing in Hypoxia: Linking Comparative and Model Organism Studies. Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:455-70. [PMID: 26658244 DOI: 10.1086/682216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Animals develop in atmospheric hypoxia in a wide range of habitats, and tissues may experience O2 limitation of ATP production during postembryonic development if O2 supply structures do not keep pace with growing O2 demand during ontogeny. Most animal species are stunted by postembryonic development in hypoxia, showing reduced growth rates and size in moderate hypoxia (5-15 kPa Po2). In mammals, the critical Po2 that limits resting metabolic rate also falls in this same moderate hypoxic range, so stunted growth may simply be due to hypoxic limits on ATP production. However, in most invertebrates and at least some lower vertebrates, hypoxic stunting occurs at Po2 values well above those that limit resting metabolism. Studies with diverse model organisms have identified multiple homologous O2-sensing signaling pathways that can inhibit feeding and growth during moderate hypoxia. Together, these comparative and model organism-based studies suggest that hypoxic stunting of growth and size can occur as programmed inhibition of growth, often by inhibition of insulin stimulation of growth processes. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that these same O2 signaling pathways can be utilized during normal animal development to ensure matching of O2 supply and demand structures and in mediation of variation in animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon F Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287; 2Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045
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Harrison J, Callier V, Greenlee K. Do Late‐Instar
Drosophila
Larvae Experience Functional Oxygen Limitations? FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.982.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Harrison
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUnited States
| | - Viviane Callier
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUnited States
| | - Kendra Greenlee
- Biological SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUnited States
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Callier V. A little bias in peer review scores can translate into big money, simulation finds. Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Callier V. Deep-sea shrimp’s eyes have 12 retinas. Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Callier V. Ancient fossil may rewrite fish family tree. Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
The developmental mechanisms that control body size and the relative sizes of body parts are today best understood in insects. Size is controlled by the mechanisms that cause growth to stop when a size characteristic of the species has been achieved. This requires the mechanisms to assess size and respond by stopping the process that controls growth. Growth is controlled by two hormones, insulin and ecdysone, that act synergistically by controlling cell growth and cell division. Ecdysone has two distinct functions: At low concentration it controls growth, and at high levels it causes molting and tissue differentiation. Growth is stopped by the pulse of ecdysone that initiates the metamorphic molt. Body size is sensed by either stretch receptors or oxygen restriction, depending on the species, which stimulate the high level of ecdysone secretion that induces a molt. Wing growth occurs mostly after the body has stopped growing. Wing size is adjusted to body size by variation in both the duration and level of ecdysone secretion.
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Callier V, Hand SC, Campbell JB, Biddulph T, Harrison JF. Developmental changes in hypoxic exposure and responses to anoxia in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.125849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Holometabolous insects undergo dramatic morphological and physiological changes during ontogeny. In particular, the larvae of many holometabolous insects are specialized to feed in soil, water or dung, inside plant structures, or inside other organisms as parasites where they may commonly experience hypoxia or anoxia. In contrast, holometabolous adults usually are winged and live with access to air. Here we show that larval Drosophila experience severe hypoxia in their normal laboratory environments; third instar larvae feed by tunneling into a medium without usable oxygen. Larvae move strongly in anoxia for many minutes, while adults (like most other adult insects) are quickly paralyzed. Adults survive anoxia nearly an order of magnitude longer than larvae (LT50: 8.3 vs. 1 h). Plausibly, the paralysis of adults is a programmed response to reduce ATP need and enhance survival. In support of that hypothesis, larvae produce lactate at 3x greater rates than adults in anoxia. However, when immobile in anoxia, larvae and adults were similarly able to decrease their metabolic rate in anoxia, to about 3% of normoxic conditions. These data suggest that Drosophila larvae and adults have been differentially selected for behavioral and metabolic responses to anoxia, with larvae exhibiting vigorous escape behavior likely enabling release from viscous anoxic media to predictably normoxic air, while the paralysis behavior of adults maximizes chances of survival of flooding events of unpredictable duration. Developmental remodeling of behavioral and metabolic strategies to hypoxia/anoxia is a previously unrecognized major attribute of holometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Callier
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
| | - Steven C. Hand
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jacob B. Campbell
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
| | - Taylor Biddulph
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
| | - Jon F. Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
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Callier V. The animal arms race
Animal Weapons The Evolution of Battle
Douglas J. Emlen
Henry Holt, 2014. 288 pp. Science 2014. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1260024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Callier
- The reviewer is at The Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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Abstract
Undergraduate science programs are not providing graduates with the knowledgebase and skills they need to be successful on today’s job market. Curricular changes relevant to today’s marketplace and more opportunities for internships and work experience during students’ secondary education would facilitate a smoother transition to the working world and help employers find graduates that possess both the hard and soft skills needed in the workplace. In this article, we discuss these issues and offer solutions that would generate more marketplace-ready undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard H Singiser
- Department of Natural Sciences, Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia, USA
| | - Nathan L Vanderford
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA ; The Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Callier V, Vanderford NL. PhD trainees should be empowered to leverage dueling priorities. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2014; 42:455-456. [PMID: 25331521 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For young scientists, awareness of how academic institutions function is key for making the most of their trainee years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan L. Vanderford
- Markey Cancer Center and Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Callier V, Shingleton AW, Brent CS, Ghosh SM, Kim J, Harrison JF. The role of reduced oxygen in the developmental physiology of growth and metamorphosis initiation in Drosophila melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 216:4334-40. [PMID: 24259256 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.093120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rearing oxygen level is known to affect final body size in a variety of insects, but the physiological mechanisms by which oxygen affects size are incompletely understood. In Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster, the larval size at which metamorphosis is initiated largely determines adult size, and metamorphosis is initiated when larvae attain a critical mass. We hypothesized that oxygen effects on final size might be mediated by oxygen effects on the critical weight and the ecdysone titers, which regulate growth rate and the timing of developmental transitions. Our results showed that oxygen affected critical weight, the basal ecdysone titers and the timing of the ecdysone peak, providing clear evidence that oxygen affected growth rate and developmental rate. Hypoxic third instar larvae (10% oxygen) exhibited a reduced critical weight, slower growth rate, delayed pupariation, elevated baseline ecdysone levels and a delayed ecdysone peak that occurred at a lower larval mass. Hyperoxic larvae exhibited increased basal ecdysone levels, but no change in critical weight compared with normoxic larvae and no significant change in timing of pupariation. Previous studies have shown that nutrition is crucial for regulating growth rate and the timing of developmental transitions. Here we show that oxygen level is one of multiple cues that together regulate adult size and the timing and dynamics of growth, developmental rate and ecdysone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Callier
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Callier V, Nijhout HF. Plasticity of insect body size in response to oxygen: integrating molecular and physiological mechanisms. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2014; 1:59-65. [PMID: 32846731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-induced reduction of body size in Drosophila and Manduca is ideal for understanding the mechanisms of body size plasticity. The mechanisms of size regulation are well-studied in these species, and the molecular mechanisms of oxygen sensing are also well-characterized. What is missing is the connection between oxygen sensing and the mechanisms that regulate body size in standard conditions. Oxygen functions both as a substrate for metabolism to produce energy and as a signaling molecule that activates specific cellular signaling networks. Hypoxia affects metabolism in a passive, generalized manner. Hypoxia also induces the activation of targeted signaling pathways, which may mediate the reduction in body size, or alternatively, compensate for the metabolic perturbations and attenuate the reduction in size. These alternative hypotheses await testing. Both perspectives-metabolism and information-are necessary to understand how oxygen affects body size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan L Vanderford
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky and at Integrative Academic Solutions, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Nijhout HF, Riddiford LM, Mirth C, Shingleton AW, Suzuki Y, Callier V. The developmental control of size in insects. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol 2014; 3:113-34. [PMID: 24902837 PMCID: PMC4048863 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that control the sizes of a body and its many parts remain among the great puzzles in developmental biology. Why do animals grow to a species-specific body size, and how is the relative growth of their body parts controlled to so they grow to the right size, and in the correct proportion with body size, giving an animal its species-characteristic shape? Control of size must involve mechanisms that somehow assess some aspect of size and are upstream of mechanisms that regulate growth. These mechanisms are now beginning to be understood in the insects, in particular in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. The control of size requires control of the rate of growth and control of the cessation of growth. Growth is controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Insulin and ecdysone, their receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways are the principal genetic regulators of growth. The secretion of these growth hormones, in turn, is controlled by complex interactions of other endocrine and molecular mechanisms, by environmental factors such as nutrition, and by the physiological mechanisms that sense body size. Although the general mechanisms of growth regulation appear to be widely shared, the mechanisms that regulate final size can be quite diverse.
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Abstract
In this paper we develop a novel mathematical model of the insulin-TOR-MAPK signaling network that controls growth. Most data on the properties of the insulin and MAPK signaling networks are static and the responses to experimental interventions, such as knockouts, overexpression, and hormonal input are typically reported as scaled quantities. The modeling paradigm we develop here uses scaled variables and is ideally suited to simulate systems in which much of the available data are scaled. Our mathematical representation of signaling networks provides a way to reconcile theory and experiments, thus leading to a better understanding of the properties and function of these signaling networks. We test the performance of the model against a broad diversity of experimental data. The model correctly reproduces experimental insulin dose-response relationships. We study the interaction between insulin and MAPK signaling in the control of protein synthesis, and the interactions between amino acids, insulin and TOR signaling. We study the effects of variation in FOXO expression on protein synthesis and glucose transport capacity, and show that a FOXO knockout can partially rescue protein synthesis capacity of an insulin receptor (INR) knockout. We conclude that the modeling paradigm we develop provides a simple tool to investigate the qualitative properties of signaling networks.
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Callier V, Nijhout HF. Body size determination in insects: a review and synthesis of size- and brain-dependent and independent mechanisms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:944-54. [PMID: 23521745 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Body size determination requires a mechanism for sensing size and a mechanism for linking size information to the termination of growth. Although the hormonal mechanisms that terminate growth are well elucidated, the mechanisms by which a body senses its own size are only partially understood; most of this understanding has come from the study of the mechanisms that control insect moulting and metamorphosis. We first review and discuss advances in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which insect larvae sense their size. Second, we present new findings on how larvae in which the size-sensing mechanism has been disrupted eventually terminate growth (in a size-independent manner). We synthesize recent insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of ecdysteroid regulation in Drosophila melanogaster with developmental physiology findings in Manduca sexta, paving the way for an integrated understanding of the mechanisms of body size regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Callier
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, U.S.A
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Abstract
Insect tracheal-respiratory systems achieve high fluxes and great dynamic range with low energy requirements and could be important models for bioengineers interested in developing microfluidic systems. Recent advances suggest that insect cardiorespiratory systems have functional valves that permit compartmentalization with segment-specific pressures and flows and that system anatomy allows regional flows. Convection dominates over diffusion as a transport mechanism in the major tracheae, but Reynolds numbers suggest viscous effects remain important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon F. Harrison
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences Tempe, Arizona; and
| | - James S. Waters
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences Tempe, Arizona; and
| | - Arianne J. Cease
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences Tempe, Arizona; and
| | | | - Viviane Callier
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences Tempe, Arizona; and
| | - C. Jaco Klok
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences Tempe, Arizona; and
| | - Kimberly Shaffer
- Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences Tempe, Arizona; and
| | - John J. Socha
- Virginia Tech, Engineering Science and Mechanics, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Callier V, Nijhout HF. Supply-side constraints are insufficient to explain the ontogenetic scaling of metabolic rate in the tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45455. [PMID: 23029018 PMCID: PMC3446882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Explanations for the hypoallometric scaling of metabolic rate through ontogeny generally fall into two categories: supply-side constraints on delivery of oxygen, or decreased mass-specific intrinsic demand for oxygen. In many animals, supply and demand increase together as the body grows, thus making it impossible to tease apart the relative contributions of changing supply and demand to the observed scaling of metabolic rate. In larval insects, the large components of the tracheal system are set in size at each molt, but then remain constant in size until the next molt. Larvae of Manduca sexta increase up to ten-fold in mass between molts, leading to increased oxygen need without a concomitant increase in supply. At the molt, the tracheal system is shed and replaced with a new, larger one. Due to this discontinuous growth of the tracheal system, insect larvae present an ideal system in which to examine the relative contributions of supply and demand of oxygen to the ontogenetic scaling of metabolic rate. We observed that the metabolic rate at the beginning of successive instars scales hypoallometrically. This decrease in specific intrinsic demand could be due to a decrease in the proportion of highly metabolically active tissues (the midgut) or to a decrease in mitochondrial activity in individual cells. We found that decreased intrinsic demand, mediated by a decrease in the proportion of highly metabolically active tissues in the fifth instar, along with a decrease in the specific mitochondrial activity, contribute to the hypoallometric scaling of metabolic rate.
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