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Bologna-Molina R, Schuch L, Magliocca K, van Heerden W, Robinson L, Bilodeau EA, Hussaini HM, Soluk-Tekkesin M, Adisa AO, Tilakaratne WM, Li J, Gomez RS, Hunter KD. Targeted therapies in ameloblastomas and amelobastic carcinoma-A systematic review. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38693620 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has the potential to be used in the neoadjuvant setting for odontogenic tumors, reducing the morbidities associated with major surgery. In this regard, the aim of this study was to summarize the current evidence on the different forms of targeted therapy, effectiveness, and drawbacks of this course of treatment. Four databases were searched electronically without regard to publication date or language. Grey literature searches and manual searches were also undertaken. Publications with sufficient clinical data on targeted therapy for odontogenic tumors were required to meet the criteria for eligibility. The analysis of the data was descriptive. A total of 15 papers comprising 17 cases (15 ameloblastomas and 2 ameloblastic carcinomas) were included. Numerous mutations were found, with BRAF V600E being most common. Dabrafenib was the most utilized drug in targeted therapy. Except for one case, the treatment reduced the size of the lesion (16/17 cases), showing promise. Most of the adverse events recorded were mild, such as skin issues, voice changes, abnormal hair texture, dry eyes, and systemic symptoms (e.g., fatigue, joint pain, and nausea). It is possible to reach the conclusion that targeted therapy for ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma may be a useful treatment strategy, based on the findings of the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Diagnostic in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la Republica (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
| | - Lauren Schuch
- Diagnostic in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la Republica (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kelly Magliocca
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Willie van Heerden
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liam Robinson
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Ann Bilodeau
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, UDHS Oral Pathology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haizal Mohd Hussaini
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Merva Soluk-Tekkesin
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Akinyele Olumuyiwa Adisa
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jiang Li
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculty of Medical Science of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Keith David Hunter
- Members of an International Consortium on Odontogenic Tumours
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Kizhakkoottu S, Ramani P, Tilakaratne WM. Mesenchymal stem cells in the management of oral submucous fibrosis-An enigma to be solved. J Oral Pathol Med 2024. [PMID: 38685571 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvarna Kizhakkoottu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Kallarakkal TG, Zaini ZM, Ghani WMN, Karen-Ng LP, Siriwardena BSMS, Cheong SC, Tilakaratne WM. Calibration improves the agreement in grading oral epithelial dysplasia-Findings from a National Workshop in Malaysia. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:53-60. [PMID: 38081145 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major pitfall of many of the established oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) grading criteria is their lack of reproducibility and accuracy to predict malignant transformation. The main objective of this study was to determine whether calibration of practicing oral pathologists on OED grading could improve the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems. METHODS A nationwide online exercise was carried out to determine the influence of calibration on the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems. RESULTS A significant improvement was observed in the inter-observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system (K 0.196 vs. 0.448; Kw 0.357 vs. 0.562) after the calibration exercise. The significant difference (p = 0.027) in the level of agreement between those with five or more years and less than 5 years of experience was no more observed (p = 0.426) after the calibration exercise. The percent agreement for binary grading was significantly higher (91.8%) for buccal mucosal lesions as compared to lesions on the tongue after the calibration exercise. CONCLUSION This study validates the significance of calibration in improving the reproducibility of OED grading. The nationwide exercise resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the inter-observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system among a large number of oral pathologists. It is highly recommended that similar exercises should be organized periodically by professional bodies responsible for continuing education among oral pathologists to improve the reliability of OED grading for optimal treatment of oral potentially malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Maria Nabillah Ghani
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Peng Karen-Ng
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B S M S Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Pilana Vithanage Kalani Shihanika H, Nadisha P, Bogahawatte Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Samadarani S, Ruwan Duminda J, Sriyani P, Tilakaratne WM. Controversies in verruco papillary lesions of the oral cavity-A systematic review. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3049-3060. [PMID: 35801381 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Verruco papillary lesions (VPL) in the oral cavity encompass a spectrum of lesions starting from benign, potentially malignant to entirely malignant tumors. Much of the controversies in these entities occur due to lack of consensus on the disease characteristics and the management. This systematic review was conducted to identify and describe different lesions categorized as VPL in the oral cavity and their association with malignancy. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, LILAC, IMSEAR, and CENTRAL databases, which retrieved a total of 1020 abstracts. These abstracts were managed through Rayyan and Mendeley software, and only 28 studies with high quality were included in the systematic review. RESULTS Studies were published from 1992 to 2021. From the extracted data, nine different entities under the umbrella term VPL were identified associated with malignancy. We describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of these and propose a uniform framework for nomenclature. CONCLUSIONS Lack of well-planned research with adequate follow-up duration and inadequate quality standards are major barriers for the lack of evidence. The use of uniform nomenclature, as proposed in this study, and research at the molecular level will greatly reduce the controversies in understanding oral VPL associated with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hettiarachchi Pilana Vithanage Kalani Shihanika
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Piyarathne Nadisha
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Jayasinghe Ruwan Duminda
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Perera Sriyani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Awang Hasyim N, Ismail S, Ling XF, Tilakaratne WM. Odontogenic Carcinosarcoma: An Updated Literature Review and Report of a Case. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:731-738. [PMID: 36997684 PMCID: PMC10514253 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an exceptionally rare malignant mixed odontogenic neoplasm, which mostly arises from recurrent benign odontogenic tumour that undergoes malignant transformation. METHODS A literature review was conducted using the keyword of "Odontogenic carcinosarcoma" and all relevant articles were screened. The data collected include demographic profile (age, gender), clinical information (symptoms, location, size), radiologic features, histopathological examination, management, recurrence, metastases, and survival status. RESULTS A total of 17 OCS cases including a new case from our hospital. The incidence of OCS was highest in the third decades of life with predilection for male and posterior region of mandible. Clinically, patients may present with swelling and neurological symptoms. Radiographic examination often showed radiolucency with ill-defined border. This tumour demonstrates an aggressive behaviour with reported cases of distant metastases to the lung, lymph nodes, rib, and pelvis. Here, we report an interesting case of OCS in a 38-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of ameloblastoma. The patient was diagnosed with ameloblastoma but refused surgical intervention and returned after 10 years with rapidly enlarging mass on the right side of mandible. Microscopically, the lesion appears as biphasic odontogenic tumour with malignant cytological features seen in both epithelium and mesenchymal components. The spindle to round mesenchymal tumour cells were only positive for vimentin. Ki67 proliferation index was high in both epithelium and mesenchymal components. CONCLUSION This case showed the tendency of untreated ameloblastoma to undergo malignant changes in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noratikah Awang Hasyim
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Ministry of Health, 08000, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Sumairi Ismail
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Ministry of Health, 08000, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Xiao Feng Ling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Ministry of Health, Sungai Petani, Malaysia
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Abidin NFZ, Rahman FA, Tuck Choon K, Tilakaratne WM. EBV-Associated Smooth Muscle Tumor in the Malar Area of an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Report. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:821-825. [PMID: 37209302 PMCID: PMC10513976 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EBV-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMTs) are rare and typically develop in individuals with a compromised immune system, particularly those who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or who have undergone organ transplants. METHODS We document a case of EBV-SMT in an HIV-positive 25-year-old man. The lesion was incised and assessed histologically and a panel of immune markers were performed. EBV association was demonstrated by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER-ISH). RESULTS Microscopically, the tumor composed of mildly pleomorphic, ovoid to spindled cells with numerous slit-like vascular channels. The tumor cells exhibited diffuse and strong immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and focal positivity for h-caldesmon. EBER-ISH of the tumor cells revealed strong positive nuclear signals. CONCLUSION The histopathological features of EBV-SMT do not conform to either benign or malignant SMTs and it has a peculiar predilection to develop at sites unusual for leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma. The key diagnostic features of EBV-SMT include history of immunosuppression, histologic evidence of primitive and mildly pleomorphic cells maintaining blunt nuclear features in most areas, and positivity for EBER-ISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fauziani Zainul Abidin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Fairuz Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kok Tuck Choon
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Rajendran S, Lim JH, Yogalingam K, Kallarakkal TG, Zain RB, Jayasinghe RD, Rimal J, Kerr AR, Amtha R, Patil K, Welikala RA, Lim YZ, Remagnino P, Gibson J, Tilakaratne WM, Liew CS, Yang YH, Barman SA, Chan CS, Cheong SC. Image collection and annotation platforms to establish a multi-source database of oral lesions. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35398971 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a platform for image collection and annotation that resulted in a multi-sourced international image dataset of oral lesions to facilitate the development of automated lesion classification algorithms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a web-interface, hosted on a web server to collect oral lesions images from international partners. Further, we developed a customised annotation tool, also a web-interface for systematic annotation of images to build a rich clinically labelled dataset. We evaluated the sensitivities comparing referral decisions through the annotation process with the clinical diagnosis of the lesions. RESULTS The image repository hosts 2474 images of oral lesions consisting of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral lesions that were collected through MeMoSA® UPLOAD. Eight-hundred images were annotated by seven oral medicine specialists on MeMoSA® ANNOTATE, to mark the lesion and to collect clinical labels. The sensitivity in referral decision for all lesions that required a referral for cancer management/surveillance was moderate to high depending on the type of lesion (64.3%-100%). CONCLUSION This is the first description of a database with clinically labelled oral lesions. This database could accelerate the improvement of AI algorithms that can promote the early detection of high-risk oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Han Lim
- Centre of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia
| | - Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jyotsna Rimal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Alexander Ross Kerr
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rahmi Amtha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Karthikeya Patil
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Roshan Alex Welikala
- Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Surrey, UK
| | - Ying Zhi Lim
- Digital Health Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Paolo Remagnino
- Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Surrey, UK
| | - John Gibson
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Chee Sun Liew
- Department of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre of Data Analytics, Research Management & Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Data Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Ann Barman
- Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Surrey, UK
| | - Chee Seng Chan
- Centre of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Digital Health Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Goh YC, Siriwardena BSMS, Tilakaratne WM. Association of clinicopathological factors and treatment modalities in the recurrence of ameloblastoma: Analysis of 624 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:927-936. [PMID: 34358362 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumour exhibiting locally invasive behaviour and high recurrence rate after treatment. Conventional ameloblastoma is reportedly been more aggressive showing infiltrative growth patterns and a tendency for recurrence. This is a retrospective study performed to analyse the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and treatment modalities in the recurrence of ameloblastoma. METHODS 624 cases of ameloblastoma comprising of 519 non-recurrent ameloblastoma and 105 recurrent ameloblastoma from two main diagnostic centres in Malaysia and Sri Lanka were included. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, histopathological data, treatment modality and episodes of recurrence were extracted and analysed. RESULTS The mean age for recurrent ameloblastoma was 37.23 with a peak occurrence in the third decade of life. Recurrent ameloblastoma was marginally female predominant with male to female ratio of 1:1.3. Mandible was the commonest site for the recurrence with a predilection for more than two segments of left mandible followed by left posterior mandible. Follicular (58.1%) histopathological variant was the most reported type to recur followed by plexiform (17.1%). 49.5% of recurrent cases were treated with conservative approach. 65.7% of recurrent cases demonstrated a single episode of recurrence. Mixed (follicular and plexiform) histopathological variants showed the longest average years (11.5 years) for the single episode of recurrence. Plexiform ameloblastoma treated with conservative approach recurred in the shortest follow-up period. The recurrence of ameloblastoma was significantly associated with age group, sub-site of occurrence and histopathological variants (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that age, sub-site of occurrence and histopathological variants are significant factors responsible for the recurrence of ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yet Ching Goh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Tilakaratne WM, Perera WKL, Jayawardana RADTM, Kumarasiri PVR, Jayasuriya NSS, Siriwardena BSMS. IMPACT OF EXCISION MARGIN STATUS ON SURVIVAL OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Illeperuma RP, Baddevithana AK, Jayasinghe RD, Siriwardana BSMS, Tilakaratne WM. HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS INFECTION AND CORRELATION WITH EXPRESSION OF P16 GENE IN ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS AND ORAL CANCER. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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R H, Ramani P, Tilakaratne WM, Sukumaran G, Ramasubramanian A, Krishnan RP. Critical appraisal of different triggering pathways for the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris-A review. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1760-1769. [PMID: 34152662 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune blistering disease with an increased potential for mortality. The epithelium is key in understanding the pathobiology as it is specialized to perform functions like mechanical protection, immunological defense, and proprioception. In order to perform these array of functions, epithelial integrity is important. This integrity is maintained by a host of molecules which orchestrate the ability of the keratinocytes to function as a single unit. Desmoglein 3 antibodies formed in genetically susceptible individuals are known to cause the disruption of the intact oral mucosa leading to the formation of blisters in pemphigus vulgaris patients. However, there are underlying complex triggering pathways leading to the clinical disease. The aim of the review is to congregate and critically appraise the various triggering pathways which contribute toward the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris. Articles relevant to the pathobiology of pemphigus vulgaris were identified from various search databases till the year 2020. The pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris is complex, and it involves an in-depth understanding of the various predisposing factors, provoking factors, and progression mechanisms. Congregation of the various triggering pathways will open our minds to understand pemphigus vulgaris better and in turn develop a reliable treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Gheena Sukumaran
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Abilasha Ramasubramanian
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
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12
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Mahees M, Amarasinghe HK, Usgodaararachchi U, Ratnayake N, Tilakaratne WM, Shanmuganathan S, Ranaweera S, Abeykoon P. A Sociological Analysis and Exploration of Factors Associated with Commercial Preparations of Smokeless Tobacco Use in Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1753-1759. [PMID: 34181330 PMCID: PMC8418867 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.6.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Use and addiction to commercial preparation of Smokeless Tobacco (CPSLT) is creating new socio-cultural issues and health challenges in Sri Lanka. The objective of this sociological study is to investigate and analyse the socio-cultural factors that influence CPSLT use Sri Lanka to enable development of effective interventions. Methods: This is a qualitative study for which data was collected through in-depth interviews in selected groups that use CPSLT. Thirty-five interviews were carried out in seven of the 24 districts in the country representing urban, rural, plantation communities and different livelihood and ethnic, gender and age groups in the year 2016. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used for selecting interviewees. The data was analysed by using qualitative data analysis techniques and sociological perspectives. Results: This study reveals that the CPSLT use has integrated with the culture of several sociological and livelihood groups. Products such Thool (tobacco powder) and Maawa (dried areca-nut with flaked tobacco and some flavoured chemicals) were identified as the most popular forms of CPSLT. Use of CPSLT has developed as a silent sub-culture specific to several social and livelihood groups. The informal CPSLT industry operating in the urban and sub-urban areas is influencing the school children and youth engaged in sports. Different groups of users express different reasons and justifications for its use. Conclusion: Use of CPSLT is closely integrated with the day to-day lifestyle and values of people of specific groups. and is an unseen part of life. Therefore, interventions will be urgently required to control the use of CPSLT to prevent its significant health impacts, considering the different contexts, symbolisms and justifications of its among the different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahees
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Udaya Usgodaararachchi
- National Cancer Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medicine, Narahenpita, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilantha Ratnayake
- Office of the Provincial Director of Health Services, Western province, Maligawatte, Colombo 11, Sri Lanka
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ma-laya, Malaysia
| | | | - Sajeeva Ranaweera
- Expert Committee on Tobacco, Alcohol and Illicit drugs, Sri Lanka Medical Association, Sri Lanka
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13
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Jayasinghe RD, Jayasooriya PR, Amarasinghe H, Hettiarachchi P, Siriwardena B, Wijerathne U, Kithalawarachchi SK, Tilakaratne WM. Evaluation of Successfulness of Capacity Building Programmes on Smokeless Tobacco and Areca Nut Cessation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1287-1293. [PMID: 33906324 PMCID: PMC8325150 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.4.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prevalence of smoking in Sri Lanka has shown a gradual reduction whilst the use of smokeless tobacco and areca nut exhibits an increasing trend. At present, only a few well-structured smokeless tobacco (SLT)/areca nut (AN) cessation programs have been conducted in Sri Lanka, which is a gross underachievement as betel chewing-related oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer in Sri Lankan males. As General Dental Practitioners (GDP) do not contribute significantly to SLT/AN cessation activities at present, capacity building programs on SLT/AN control were carried out. The study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practices imparted on SLT/AN control among dental surgeons. Methods: Following a single day capacity building program on smokeless tobacco / areca nut control, two self-administered questionnaires were used to assess the improvement of knowledge and change of attitudes among 663 GDPs. Results: Majority had a good knowledge on harmful effects of SLT but not on areca nut. Knowledge of the current legislation on SLT control in Sri Lanka and carcinogenicity of areca nut was not satisfactory. Almost all agreed that proper counseling leads to patient quitting the habit, a formal training is necessary to conduct tobacco control activities and it should be a part of the regular treatment modalities. More than 80% of the participants support strict legislation. Most important factors leading to poor involvement in tobacco cessation activities were lack of expertise and inadequate educational material and not breach of patient privacy and lack of financial incentives. 20.1% dental surgeons had consumed smokeless tobacco / areca nut products in the past and only a few were current users of tobacco and/or areca nut. Conclusions: Well planned workshops are efficient in improving knowledge, practices and attitudes of dental surgeons towards SLT/AN cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - P R Jayasooriya
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hemantha Amarasinghe
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Oral Health Unit, Family Health Bureau, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka
| | - Pvks Hettiarachchi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Bsms Siriwardena
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ukygdm Wijerathne
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - S K Kithalawarachchi
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Oral and Maxilliofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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14
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Lim D, Tan CC, Tilakaratne WM, Goh YC. Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma - review of all published cases: is it a justifiable addition as a malignancy? Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 88:118-129. [PMID: 33715971 PMCID: PMC9422715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was a new addition to the list of head and neck tumors by World Health Organization in 2017. This lesion has scarcely been reported and a lack of pathognomonic markers for diagnosis exists. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to summarize findings from the available literature to provide up-to-date information on sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma and to analyse clinical, radiological, and histopathological features to obtain information for and against as an odontogenic malignancy. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of literature by searching Pubmed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases, according to PRISMA guidelines. All the cases reported as sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma in English were included. Data retrieved from the articles were gender, age, clinical features, site, relevant medical history, radiographical findings, histopathological findings, immunohistochemical findings, treatments provided and prognosis. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis of sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was 54.4 years with a very slight female predilection. Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was commonly reported in the mandible as an expansile swelling which can be asymptomatic or associated with pain or paraesthesia. They appeared radiolucent with cortical resorption in radiograph evaluation. Histologically, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was composed of epithelioid cells in dense, fibrous, or sclerotic stroma with equivocal perineural invasion. Mild cellular atypia and inconspicuous mitotic activity were observed. There is no specific immunohistochemical marker for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. AE1/AE3, CK 5/6, CK 14, CK19, p63 and E-cadherin were the widely expressed markers for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. Surgical resection was the main treatment provided with no recurrence in most cases. No cases of metastasis were reported. CONCLUSION From the literature available, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma is justifiable as a malignant tumor with no or unknown metastatic potential which can be adequately treated with surgical resection. However, there is insufficient evidence for histological grading or degree of malignancy of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Chuey Chuan Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Yet Ching Goh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
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15
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Hettiarachchi PVKS, Jayasooriya P, Amarasinghe H, Siriwardena BSMS, Wijerathne D, Kithalawa arachchi S, Tilakaratne WM, Jayasinghe R. Knowledge and Attitudes of Nursing Students Towards Smokeless Tobacco and Areca Nut Control in Central Province of Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Care 2020. [DOI: 10.31557/apjcc.2020.5.3.133-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) and areca nut (AN) is widespread in Sri Lanka. Several workshops to train healthcare workers on SLT/ AN cessation programmes (SLT/AN-CP) were carried out. Objective of the study was to evaluate the enhancement of knowledge and attitudes related to SLT/AN-CP among nursing students following a workshop. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with the use of two questionnaires. A total of 212 nursing students were assessed and the study group included 184 females (86.8%). Results: Results were analyzed according to the 3 main areas of the assessment, i.e knowledge related to Oral cancer, knowledge related to SLT, its effects and cessation practices and attitudes regarding SLT cessation counselling. Out of the eight questions to assess the knowledge related to oral cancer, five questions demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) following the workshop when compared to the pre workshop knowledge. Even though, majority had a good knowledge on harmful effects of SLT and AN, it was interesting to note that 14.15 % of the participants were unaware about the fact that the oral cancer is the commonest cancer among Sri Lankan males. 96.7% agreed that proper counseling would lead patient to quit the habit. Conclusions: This preliminary study showed that the knowledge and attitude towards SLT/AN-CP among nursing students were satisfactory and effective workshops can be used to improve their knowledge and attitudes towards SLT/AN-CP especially in low economical settings
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16
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Siriwardena BSMS, Udagama MNGP, Tennakoon TMPB, Athukorala DAADW, Jayasooriya PR, Tilakaratne WM. Clinical and demographic characteristics of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors: analysis of 116 new cases from a single center. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 88:309-315. [PMID: 32782125 PMCID: PMC9422414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a relatively uncommon odontogenic neoplasm representing about 4.7% of all odontogenic tumors. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical profile of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumors in a Sri Lankan population. Methods Data gathered from the cases received for a period of 38 years from the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya. Request forms, biopsy reports and electronic data base of the department were used to obtain relevant information. Demographic data including age, gender and location of the tumor were included in the analysis. Results Out of 116 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, the mean age was 21.02 ± 11.24. It occurs more fre quently in the second decade of life, more prevalent in females, most often associated with the maxilla, predominantly affecting anterior jaw bones and presenting mostly in the right side of the jaw bone. The results from the present study showed the statistically significant relationship with site of occurrence (maxilla/mandible) and age (p < 0.005). Further, depending on whether it occurs in anterior/mid/posterior site also showed a significant relationship with age (p ≤ 0.001). However, side of occurrence, left or right or site of occurrence, showed no statistically significance with age (p > 0.05). Conclusion Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor occurs more frequently in the second decade of life with a significant female predominance and the commonest site is anterior maxilla. This study revealed few differences on demographic and clinical presentations of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor from some regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne
- University of Peradeniya, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Lanka; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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17
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Sigera LSM, Gunawardane SR, Malkanthi MA, Jayasinghe RD, Sitheeque MAM, Tilakaratne WM, Jayasekera PI. Histoplasma capsulatum Caused a Localized Tongue Ulcer in a Non-HIV Patient-A Case From Nonendemic Country. Ear Nose Throat J 2019; 99:379-381. [PMID: 31064244 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319844246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M A M Sitheeque
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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18
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Siriwardena BSM, Tennakoon TMPB, Hunter KD, Tilakaratne WM. Unicystic ameloblastoma: Analysis of 370 cases in a single center in Sri Lanka. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:706-709. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Pathology and Surgery; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Jayasuriya NSS, Siriwardena S, Tilakaratne WM, Parthiepan S. Malignant transformation of a long-standing submental dermoid cyst to a carcinosarcoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:11. [PMID: 28077165 PMCID: PMC5225638 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-1186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Submental dermoid cysts are uncommon midline cysts which occur due to entrapment of ectoderm between the second and third branchial arches during embryogenesis. Most dermoid cysts of the head and neck are benign, but rarely malignant transformation may occur. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a carcinosarcoma arising in a submental dermoid cyst. Case presentation A 42-year-old Sri Lankan Tamil man presented with a large cystic swelling in his submental region which was diagnosed as an extensive submental dermoid cyst. The cyst had been asymptomatic for 11 years but there was sudden enlargement and pain during the past 2 months. On surgical removal, a primary carcinosarcoma arising from part of the cyst wall was identified. After completion of radiotherapy, the disease was well controlled and he was disease free at 18 months. Conclusions Although extremely rare, a dermoid cyst of the submental region can undergo malignant transformation. It can be successfully treated with surgical excision and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samadarani Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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20
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Ekanayaka RP, Tilakaratne WM. Oral submucous fibrosis: review on mechanisms of malignant transformation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:192-9. [PMID: 27289264 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research studies focusing on various aspects of carcinogenesis in the background of fibrosis have advanced significantly in the recent past, allowing us to understand the mechanisms involved in malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), the most prevalent potentially malignant oral disorder in South Asia. The role of areca nut as a carcinogen has been proven beyond doubt, with a large number of animal studies demonstrating its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity. Studies on the molecules implicated in cell cycle regulation, hypoxia, processes leading to DNA double-strand breaks, senescence, and many other pathways related to carcinogenesis have shown ample evidence for the malignant transformation in OSF induced by areca nut. More importantly, the understanding of the mechanisms of malignant transformation may lead to early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in the background of OSF, which is now considered to constitute a clinicopathologically distinct disease, and the differences are believed to arise from the differential mechanisms of areca nut carcinogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the literature on the various mechanisms leading to the malignant transformation of OSF.
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21
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Nanayakkara PGCL, Dissanayaka WL, Nanayakkara BG, Amaratunga EAPD, Tilakaratne WM. Comparison of spatula and cytobrush cytological techniques in early detection of oral malignant and premalignant lesions: a prospective and blinded study. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:268-74. [PMID: 26403502 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of oral cytology to diagnose malignant and premalignant lesions at an early stage is considered crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnoses of the spatula and the cytobrush techniques compared with the gold standard histopathological findings, analysed according to different diagnostic criteria. METHODS Cytological smears were obtained from 76 suspicious oral malignant lesions and 116 oral leukoplakia lesions using two techniques: cytobrush plus cell collector and metal spatula. Subsequently, a surgical biopsy was performed on each lesion to achieve a histopathological diagnosis. Evaluation was conducted with respect to three different diagnostic criteria. RESULTS The sensitivity for diagnosing carcinoma in clinically malignant cases was 89.58% and 60.42% for cytobrush and spatula techniques, respectively. Inclusion of severe dysplastic cases for 'high-risk' lesions increased the sensitivity up to 96.36% and 78.18% for two techniques, respectively. In leukoplakia lesions, malignant and severely dysplastic cells were diagnosed at a sensitivity of 88.89% in the cytobrush and 55.56% in the spatula techniques. Extending the criteria by defining malignant or any dysplastic findings as positive, sensitivity was increased to 98.02% and 89.11% for the spatula and the cytobrush techniques, respectively. Specificity for both techniques increased to 100%. The difference between the diagnoses of histopathology and the spatula cytology was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while no such difference was found with the cytobrush technique (P > 0.1). CONCLUSION The cytobrush, unlike the spatula, is a useful screening instrument for early diagnosis of suspicious oral lesions and could therefore contribute to improved oral cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W L Dissanayaka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - B G Nanayakkara
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Karapitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - E A P D Amaratunga
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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22
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Illeperuma RP, Siriwradena S, Jayathilake D, Pitakotuwage N, Kumarasiri R, Attygala M, Peiris R, Tilakaratne A, Tilakaratne WM. Analysis of Oral Cancer Cases of Sri Lanka for 13 Years. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.07.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Siriwardena BSMS, Rasnayaka RMSGK, Masood Y, Masood M, Kumarasiri PVR, Tilakaratne WM. Predictive model of oral cancer metastasis for different cancer sites and age groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:127-31. [PMID: 25573428 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The high incidence rates for oral cancer (excluding lip) are especially found in the South and South-East Asia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sex, age, site, and metastasis of a large sample with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS A total of 989 OSCC treated with neck dissection were selected. All the relevant data were recorded from biopsy request forms. The patients were divided into seven groups, and there were nine different oral sites. RESULTS The male-to-female ratio of the sample was 4:1. Most of the patients were aged between 30 and 60 years. Of the 989 patients, approximately 40% patients had metastasis. Age <30 years showed a higher probability of metastasis compared to higher age groups, but it was not statistically significant. Palate cancers had more than 14 times higher chance of metastasis, followed by maxilla (4.6 times) and tongue (2.8 times). CONCLUSION The present study provides important information on the metastatic potential of OSCC in different oral sites, and identifies high-risk age groups for metastasis. This will be helpful in planning neck treatment for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaghma Masood
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Masood
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
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Vartoukian SR, Tilakaratne WM, Seoudi N, Bombardieri M, Bergmeier L, Tappuni AR, Fortune F. Dysregulation of the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway in the aetiopathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:618-29. [PMID: 24827536 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) negatively regulates the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3)/interleukin (IL)-17 pathway. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 is over-expressed in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and is a key factor in its pathogenesis. We hypothesized that IL-17 over-expression in SS results from ineffective regulation by SOCS3. The expression of SOCS3 was analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SS cases, sicca controls (SC) and healthy controls (HC) and tissue samples from SS, SC and healthy salivary glands (HSG). PBMC and salivary gland tissue from SS and controls were dual-immunostained for SOCS3 and IL-17. IL-6-stimulated PBMC from SS and controls were evaluated for time-dependent STAT-3 activation and SOCS3 induction, and for IL-17 expression. Immunoblotting revealed greater levels of SOCS3 in PBMC from SS than SC (P = 0·017) or HC (P < 0·001). Similarly, the proportion of salivary-gland tissue cells staining for SOCS3 was significantly higher in SS than SC (P = 0·029) or HSG (P = 0·021). The cells in PBMC/salivary gland samples from controls predominantly expressed either SOCS3 or IL-17. However, there was a high frequency of SOCS3/IL-17 co-expression within cells of SS samples. IL-6-stimulation of PBMC from SS cases revealed prolonged activation of STAT-3 with reduced negative regulation by SOCS3, and enhanced expression of IL-17. This study showed that SOCS3 expression is up-regulated in SS. However, the absence in SS of the normal inverse relationship between SOCS3 and pSTAT-3/IL-17 indicates a functional disturbance in this signalling cascade. Consequently, a reduction in function, rather than a reduction in expression of SOCS3 accounts for the unregulated expression of IL-17 in SS, and may play a crucial role in aetiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vartoukian
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, UK
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25
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Gunawardhana KSND, Jayasooriya PR, Tilakaratne WM. Diagnostic dilemma of unicystic ameloblastoma: novel parameters to differentiate unicystic ameloblastoma from common odontogenic cysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:220-5. [PMID: 24357580 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diagnostic criteria that have been specified for unicystic ameloblastomas (UAs) are not always helpful to differentiate these cystic tumors from common odontogenic cysts. The aim of this study therefore was to identify additional histopathological features (other than the features considered for the diagnosis of UA at present) that would be helpful to differentiate UA from odontogenic cysts. METHODS One hundred histopathologically confirmed unicystic ameloblastomas and 20 cases each of radicular, inflamed dentigerous and non-inflamed dentigerous cysts were selected. Histopathological features of the UAs that are not used as diagnostic criteria at present were identified. RESULTS Hyperplastic arcading epithelial proliferations with stellate-reticulum-like and vacuolated cells were always seen associated with inflammation in odontogenic cysts, while in UA plexiform-like areas were also seen without inflammation (P < 0.001). In addition, a spiky rete pattern was observed in non-inflamed UA while this pattern was observed only in inflamed odontogenic cysts. Furthermore, spiky retes together with subepithelial hyalinization were usually observed in UAs while only subepithelial hyalinization was observed in non-inflamed dentigerous cysts. CONCLUSIONS Combinations of histopathological features were identified to differentiate non-inflamed UA from common odontogenic cysts. However, presence of inflammatory changes in UA precludes the use of features identified in the present study for diagnostic purposes.
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26
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Liyanage RLPR, Wadusinghearachchi NS, Siriwardena BSMS, Jayasooriya PR, Tilakaratne WM. Pigmented mucoepidermoid carcinoma with spindle cell differentiation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 117:e449-51. [PMID: 24275356 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor of children and adults, showing diverse histopathologic features. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with both melanin pigmentation and spindle cell differentiation has not been previously reported. We report the first documented case of pigmented mucoepidermoid carcinoma with spindle cell differentiation in a 34-year-old woman who presented with a swelling of the floor of the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L P R Liyanage
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri lanka
| | - N S Wadusinghearachchi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri lanka
| | - B S M S Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri lanka
| | - P R Jayasooriya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri lanka
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri lanka.
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Dissanayaka WL, Pitiyage G, Kumarasiri PVR, Liyanage RLPR, Dias KD, Tilakaratne WM. Clinical and histopathologic parameters in survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 113:518-25. [PMID: 22668430 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of clinical and histopathologic parameters on survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients in Sri Lanka. STUDY DESIGN A cohort of 193 previously diagnosed OSCC patients were followed for up to 5 years. Clinical and histopathologic parameters were analyzed regarding local recurrence and 5-year survival after treatment. RESULTS Site, stage, local recurrence, degree of differentiation, degree of keratinization, pattern of invasion, and status of the excision margins showed a significant association with the 5-year survival (P < .05). Multivariate analysis identified stage, pattern of invasion, and status of the excision margins as true independent prognostic indicators of OSCC. Pattern of invasion was the best prognosticator of both local recurrence and overall survival in the Cox regression model (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Stage, pattern of invasion, and status of the excision margins are superior prognostic indicators of OSCC compared with other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Abstract
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is an uncommon neoplasm that normally occurs in the anterior maxilla of children less than 1 year of age. This is a tumor with controversial origin, although neural crest origin is proposed. This case report presents an analysis of histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in this rare tumor.
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Lingen MW, Pinto A, Mendes RA, Franchini R, Czerninski R, Tilakaratne WM, Partridge M, Peterson DE, Woo SB. Genetics/epigenetics of oral premalignancy: current status and future research. Oral Dis 2011; 17 Suppl 1:7-22. [PMID: 21382136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral and oropharyngeal region is the sixth most common malignancy in the world today. Despite numerous advances in treatment, long-term survival from this disease remains poor. Early detection can decrease both morbidity and mortality associated with this neoplasm. However, screening for potentially malignant disease is typically confounded by difficulty in discriminating between reactive/inflammatory lesions vs those lesions that are premalignant in nature. Furthermore, the histologic diagnosis of dysplasia can be subjective and is thus prone to a considerable range of interpretation. Similarly, no definitive, validated criteria exist for predicting which dysplastic lesions are most likely to progress to cancer over time. Given this state of science, the presence of dysplasia can only be used to indicate that an oral lesion may have an increased risk of malignant transformation. Molecular biomarkers capable of identifying the subset of lesions likely to progress to cancer are required to eliminate this clinical diagnostic dilemma. The purpose of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge regarding genetic/epigenetic alterations observed in oral mucosal premalignancy. In addition, recommendations for future research studies directed at defining the predictive capacity of specific biomarkers in this modeling are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lingen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Dissanayake RKG, Jayasooriya PR, Siriwardena DJL, Tilakaratne WM. Review of metastasizing (malignant) ameloblastoma (METAM): pattern of metastasis and treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:734-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing epithelial dysplasia to predict malignant transformation remains problematic in many tissues because grading systems are poorly structured and individual features poorly defined. Dysplasia grading is criticised for lack of reproducibility and poor predictive value. Grading systems for upper aerodigestive tract dysplasia have evolved over several decades and are not supported by good outcome experimental data. METHODS This study analysed the individual features of dysplasia in 86 oral dysplastic lesions and determined the reproducibility of scoring for each, and correlated them with other features and clinical factors using complex clustering analyses. RESULTS A uniform pattern of dysplasia was found in 37 lesions, focal dysplasia in 36 and in 13 lesions dysplasia formed complex discontinuous patterns. There was wide variation in reproducibility of scoring of individual features and many, including thickness, some types of rete morphology, basaloid cell anisonucleosis, basal dyscohesion, and dyskeratosis as deep single cells correlated with sub-sites. Rete morphology, type of keratinisation, hyperchromatism of the basaloid compartment, prickle cell anisonucleosis and extension down salivary ducts correlated with smoking. Conventional grading and oral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN) grading by 'thirds affected' showed strong correlation overall but scores obtained with the OIN system tended to a higher grade at all sites except soft palate/fauces. There was poor correlation between the systems for moderate dysplasia and also severe dysplasia at some sites. Individual features could not be shown to cluster to form distinct patterns of dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS These variations may account in part for the lack of reproducibility and poor predictive value of the grading systems in current use and could inform the design of future grading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Pathology and Head and Neck Cancer Research Programme, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Pitiyage GN, Slijepcevic P, Gabrani A, Chianea YG, Lim KP, Prime SS, Tilakaratne WM, Fortune F, Parkinson EK. Senescent mesenchymal cells accumulate in human fibrosis by a telomere-independent mechanism and ameliorate fibrosis through matrix metalloproteinases. J Pathol 2011; 223:604-17. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Darshani Gunawardhana KSN, Jayasooriya PR, Rambukewela IK, Tilakaratne WM. A clinico-pathological comparison between mandibular and maxillary ameloblastomas in Sri Lanka. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:236-41. [PMID: 20070485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the relative prevalence and the clinico-pathological characteristics of mandibular and maxillary ameloblastomas in Sri Lanka. METHODS Clinico-pathological features of a total of 286 cases of ameloblastomas were analysed. RESULTS Out of the 286 cases, 87.8% (251/286) of ameloblastomas occurred in the mandible, while 10.8% (31/286) occurred in the maxilla indicating a ratio of 8:1. In the mandible, 54% (136/251), 40% (100/251) and 6% (15/251) of tumours and in the maxilla, 23% (7/31), 48% (15/31) and 29% (9/31) of tumours were solid/multicystic ameloblastomas (SMA), unicystic ameloblastomas (UA) and desmoplastic ameloblastomas (DA) respectively. No gender predilection was observed in mandibular or maxillary ameloblastomas. Most of the lesions were observed in 2nd to 5th decade of life (mean age 33.2 years). No differences between mandibular and maxillary ameloblastomas were observed with reference to overall cellularity and mitotic activity. Solid/multicystic and UAs showed a predilection to posterior region, while DAs were frequently found in the anterior region of both jaws. Twenty-one percentage (60/286) of ameloblastomas presented with recurrences, and 94% (34/36) of these recurrences were observed in cases treated conservatively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, mandibular ameloblastomas were more prevalent than maxillary ameloblastomas, while no differences were observed in age or gender distribution between the mandibular and maxillary ameloblastomas. However, higher proportion of DAs and UAs was observed in the maxilla compared with some of the other studies. SMA should be treated with resection to prevent recurrences.
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Illeperuma RP, Ryu MH, Kim KY, Tilakaratne WM, Kim J. Relationship of fibrosis and the expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 with epithelial dysplasia in oral submucous fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3353/omp.15.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Siriwardena BSMS, Kudo Y, Ogawa I, Tilakaratne WM, Takata T. Aberrant beta-catenin expression and adenomatous polyposis coli gene mutation in ameloblastoma and odontogenic carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2008; 45:103-8. [PMID: 18486530 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is involved in carcinogenesis and three regulatory genes of the Wnt pathway, APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), beta-catenin and Axin are frequently mutated in some primary human cancers. This study was conducted to clarify the relation of beta-catenin accumulation and the mutation of the CTNNB1 (beta-catenin) gene with the mutation of APC gene in the process of development of odontogenic tumors including ameloblastoma and odontogenic carcinoma (OC). beta-Catenin accumulation was examined by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of six ameloblastomas and eight OCs. We also performed a mutation analysis of CTNNB1 and APC to examine the cause of beta-catenin accumulation. All ameloblastoma cases and six out of eight (75%) OC cases exhibited beta-catenin accumulation in the nucleus. CTNNB1 mutation was only found in one OC case, whereas three of six (50%) ameloblastoma cases and two out of eight (25%) OC cases had APC mutations within the mutational cluster region. Our findings suggest that aberrant beta-catenin expression and APC missense mutation may play an important role for the pathogenesis of epithelial odontogenic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S M S Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Abstract
Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is considered as an uncommon disease and nomenclature of the disease was subjected to debate for a long time. Although various aetiological agents such as food substances, food additives, dental materials and various microbiological agents have been implicated in the disease process its precise pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction appears to play a significant role, although the exact antigen inducing the immunological reaction varies in individual patients. However, evidence for the role of genetic predisposition to the disease is sparse. The underlying immunological mechanism appears to show some similarities between OFG and Crohn's disease, emphasizing the need for more comparative studies of the two entities. Therefore, we propose the term idiopathic OFG as a better term for those cases restricted to oral region without any identifiable known granulomatous disease and the diagnosis should not be changed until the patient develops systemic manifestations of a specific granulomatous condition. This review attempts to discuss the role of different aetiological agents and certain aspects of pathogenesis of OFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Tilakaratne
- Centre for Research in Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, The School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
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Teh MT, Tilakaratne WM, Chaplin T, Young BD, Ariyawardana A, Pitiyage G, Lalli A, Stewart JE, Hagi-Pavli E, Cruchley A, Waseem A, Fortune F. Fingerprinting genomic instability in oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:430-6. [PMID: 18284545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a high-risk pre-cancerous condition where 7-13% of these patients develop head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To date there is no cancer predictive markers for OSF patients. Genomic instability hallmarks early genetic events during malignant transformation causing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and chromosomal copy number abnormality. However, to date there is no study on genomic instability in OSF. Although this condition is known as a high-risk pre-cancerous condition, there is no data regarding the genomic status of this disease in terms of genetic susceptibility to malignant transformation. METHODS In this study, we investigated the existence of genetic signatures for carcinogenesis in OSF. We employed the high-resolution genome-wide Affymetrix Mapping single nucleotide polymorphism microarray technique to 'fingerprint' global genomic instability in the form of LOH in 15 patient-matched OSF-blood genomic DNA samples. RESULTS This rapid high-resolution mapping technique has revealed for the first time that a small number of discrete hot-spot LOH loci appeared in 47-53% of the OSF tissues studied. Many of these LOH loci were previously identified regions of genomic instability associated with carcinogenesis of the HNSCC. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that genomic instability in the form of LOH is present in OSF. We hypothesize that the genomic instability detected in OSF may play an important role in malignant transformation. Further functional association studies on these putative genes may reveal potential predictive oral cancer markers for OSF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Teh
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Cell and Molecular Sciences Building, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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Tilakaratne WM, Iqbal Z, Teh MT, Ariyawardana A, Pitiyage G, Cruchley A, Stewart JE, Hagi-Pavli E, Lalli A, Waseem A, Parkinson EK, Fortune F. Upregulation of HIF-1alpha in malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:372-7. [PMID: 18221327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition showing extensive fibrosis of the submucosa and affects most parts of the oral cavity, including pharynx and upper third of the oesophagus. The molecules involved in the biological pathways of the fibrotic process appeared to be either down- or upregulated at different stages of the disease. Despite the precancerous nature, malignant transformation of the epithelium in the background of fibrosis has not been studied in detail. HIF-1alpha is a known transcription factor that is induced by hypoxia. AIMS To test the hypothesis that hypoxia plays a role in malignant transformation and progression of OSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used both formalin-fixed and frozen samples of OSF and normal mucosa to investigate the relationship between HIF-1alpha and epithelial dysplasia using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that HIF-1alpha is upregulated at both protein and mRNA levels in OSF and the correlation with epithelial dysplasia is statistically significant (P < 0.001). We propose that HIF-1alpha may play a role in malignant transformation of OSF. Further, over-expression of HIF-1alpha may contribute to the progression of fibrosis. It may be possible to use HIF-1alpha as a marker for malignant transformation of OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Tilakaratne
- Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London, UK.
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Ariyawardana A, Sitheeque MAM, Ranasinghe AW, Perera I, Tilakaratne WM, Amaratunga EAPD, Yang YH, Warnakulasuriya S. Prevalence of oral cancer and pre-cancer and associated risk factors among tea estate workers in the central Sri Lanka. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:581-7. [PMID: 17944750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To screen for oral cancer or not is being debated, but for high-risk populations with minimal access to regular dental care systematic oral examinations could provide some benefit. METHODS We undertook oral mucosal examinations of labourers employed in tea estate plantations in Sri Lanka. In a two-stage screening procedure, first by estate medical officers and then by visiting specialists, we examined 12 716 persons at their workplaces achieving a coverage of one-sixth of the total workforce. RESULTS Fourteen oral cancers and 848 subjects with oral pre-cancer (6.7%) were detected giving population prevalences of 46.1 per 1000 for leukoplakia and 16.4 per 1000 for oral submucous fibrosis. Among subjects with any oral mucosal disorder (n = 1159) proportions of current users of betel quid, smokers and alcohol use was recorded at 92%, 31% and 61% respectively. The synergistic effect of these three risk habits on the development of oral leukoplakia was evident in mixed habit groups. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of oral pre-cancer in tea estate labourers was higher than estimates reported in previous studies. In the absence of state-sponsored preventive activities, it is necessary to improve the capacity of individual health practitioners and small medical centres to participate in oral health promotion and oral cancer/pre-cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ariyawardana
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Siriwardena BSMS, Kudo Y, Ogawa I, Udagama MNGPK, Tilakaratne WM, Takata T. VEGF-C is associated with lymphatic status and invasion in oral cancer. J Clin Pathol 2007; 61:103-8. [PMID: 17351086 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2007.047662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nodal metastasis is a major prognostic indicator for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. Recently, it has been revealed that lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C and its receptor Flt-4 play an important role for invasion and metastasis in cancer cells. AIM To examine VEGF-C expression and its correlation with lymphatic status, including the number of lymph vessels and lymphatic invasion, tumour invasion and metastasis in OSCC. METHODS Intratumoural and peritumoural lymphatic vessels were examined using D2-40 in 54 OSCC cases and correlated with VEGF-C expression and clinicopathological findings. The histological pattern of invasion and pathological findings were compared. RESULTS High expression of VEGF-C was frequently observed in OSCC and was associated with increased number of lymph vessels and lymphatic invasion. VEGF-C was well correlated with invasion pattern and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that VEGF-C may play an important role for lymphangiogenesis and invasion in the metastatic process and can be a strong predicting factor for metastasis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S M S Siriwardena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Siriwardena BSMS, Tilakaratne A, Amaratunga EAPD, Udagama MNGPK, Ogawa I, Kudo Y, Takata T, Tilakaratne WM. Analysis of histopathological and immunohistochemical differences of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young and old patients in Sri Lanka. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:357-62. [PMID: 17559498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) most commonly occurs in the middle-aged and older individuals. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical differences of the younger (<40 years) and the older (more than 50 years) groups. METHODS The histopathological parameters of 112 patients (younger 56 and older 56) were compared according to three grading systems (Broder JAMA 1920; 74: 656, Anneroth et al. Scand J Dent Res 1987; 95: 229, Bryne et al. J Pathol 1992; 166: 375) and as individual histopathological parameters. Further, the expression of p53 and Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) index was also compared. RESULTS Although there was no significant difference between two groups regarding the three grading systems, a significantly higher number of nuclear aberrations was found in younger group (P<0.001). Interestingly, higher number of mitoses (P<0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) were observed in the older group (P<0.05). Furthermore, significantly a higher PCNA index was found in the older group (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS Although tumours of the young patients showed more nuclear aberrations, OSCC of the older patients is proliferative and showed higher metastatic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S M S Siriwardena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Abstract
Oral manifestations of renal disease are common. They may present as unique signs of multi-system disease affecting the kidneys (such as vasculitis), or as common oral pathologies found at an increased prevalence in patients with end-stage renal disease. Despite more oral and dental disease in patients on renal replacement therapy, attendance at dental clinics is infrequent, and physician awareness of the problem is low. In our short review, aimed at renal, transplant, and general physicians, we discuss the link between clinical changes in the mouth and multi-systemic disease involving the kidney. We suggest a standardized approach to oral examination to increase diagnostic yield and discuss common oral complications in patients on dialysis or successfully transplanted. Finally, we suggest potential treatments for oral disease that nephrologists might safely institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Summers
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal London and St. Bartholomew's Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
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Ariyawardana A, Panagoda GJ, Fernando HN, Ellepola ANB, Tilakaratne WM, Samaranayake LP. Oral submucous fibrosis and oral yeast carriage - a case control study in Sri Lankan patients. Mycoses 2007; 50:116-20. [PMID: 17305774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-known precancerous condition. Epithelial atrophy is one of the key features in OSMF. Presence of Candida in the mouth together with epithelial changes may predispose to candidal infection. Candidal infection together with other co-factors may also induce epithelial atypia and dysplasia leading to malignant change. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral yeast carriage in patients with OSMF and to compare the carriage with the normal individuals. Thirty patients with histologically proven OSMF and healthy subjects were used as the test and control respectively. Oral rinse samples were collected from all the subjects and cultured on Sabouraud's agar. Species were identified using API 32C AUX identification kits. Nineteen (63.6%) of the test group and 15 (50%) of the control group had yeast isolated from their mouth. The carriage of yeast in the OSMF group was not statistically significant compared with the control group. We isolated C. dubliniensis in Sri Lanka for the first time and interestingly from the oral cavities of both OSMF patients and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ariyawardana
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Pereadeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Okada H, Yamamoto H, Tilakaratne WM. Odontogenic Tumors in Sri Lanka: Analysis of 226 Cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65:875-82. [PMID: 17448836 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.06.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze the relative prevalence of odontogenic tumors in Sri Lanka and compare it with prevalences reported for other countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 226 cases of odontogenic tumors reported by the Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya between 1996 and 2002, were analyzed. RESULTS The most prevalent tumor was ameloblastoma (69.8%); odontoma was the fourth most prevalent (4.5%). No gender predilection was seen, but the tumors occurred most frequently in the second to fifth decades of life (77.4%) and most commonly in the mandible (79.6%). CONCLUSIONS The comparative data with statistically significant differences suggest a geographical difference in the relative prevalence of ameloblastoma among various continents. It is suggested that ameloblastoma most frequently occurs in the mandible (the posterior region) in all Asian, African, and South American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of osteosarcoma of the jaw bones (JOS) and to compare the data with results of similar studies. To study the effectiveness of different treatment modalities currently available for this malignancy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Nineteen cases of JOS diagnosed from 1993 to 2003 were retrieved from the departmental archives. These were categorized into histopathological subtypes and graded according to the severity of the malignancies and the data analyzed. Fourteen cases were followed up and the success rate with different treatment modalities assessed. RESULTS The mean age for JOS was 34.1 years. There were 11 mandibular lesions and eight maxillary lesions. Osteoblastic variant (53%) was the commonest histopathological subtype. High grade (grades III and IV) was more prevalent. All 14 followed up patients underwent surgical excision--five with adjuvant radiotherapy and six with adjuvant chemotherapy. Local recurrence was the commonest complication. Nine of the 14 were surviving with a survival rate of 64.2% for a median follow-up period of 5.25 years. CONCLUSIONS JOS is a distinct group of lesions with a better prognosis if diagnosed and treated early. It does not show any ethnic variability. Existing histopathological typing and grading may not indicate the prognosis of JOS. Adjuvant chemotherapy is a better treatment modality than adjuvant radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Nissanka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Siriwardena BSMS, Kudo Y, Ogawa I, Kitagawa M, Kitajima S, Hatano H, Tilakaratne WM, Miyauchi M, Takata T. Periostin is frequently overexpressed and enhances invasion and angiogenesis in oral cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1396-403. [PMID: 17060937 PMCID: PMC2360586 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of human cancer. Typically OSCC cells show persistent invasion that frequently leads to local recurrence and distant lymphatic metastasis. We previously identified Periostin as the gene demonstrating the highest fold change expression in the invasive clone by comparing the transcriptional profile of parent OSCC cell line and a highly invasive clone. Here, we demonstrated that Periostin overexpression enhanced invasiveness in oral cancer cell lines. To know the role of Periostin in invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in OSCC cases, we first examined the expression of Periostin mRNA in 31 OSCC cases by RT-PCR and Periostin protein in 74 OSCC cases by immunohistochemistry. Then, we compared the Periostin expression with invasion pattern, metastasis and blood vessel density. Periostin mRNA and protein overexpression were frequently found in OSCC cases and Periostin expression was well correlated with the invasion pattern and metastasis. Moreover, blood vessel density of Periostin-positive cases was higher than those of Periostin-negative cases. Interestingly, recombinant Periostin enhanced capillary formation in vitro in a concentration-dependant manner. In summary, these findings suggest that Periostin may promote invasion and angiogenesis in OSCC, and that Periostin can be a strong marker for prediction of metastasis in oral cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Progression
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mouth Neoplasms/blood supply
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Umbilical Veins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- B S M S Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Y Kudo
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- E-mail:
| | - I Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - M Kitagawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - S Kitajima
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - H Hatano
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - M Miyauchi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - T Takata
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- E-mail:
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47
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Tilakaratne WM, Klinikowski MF, Saku T, Peters TJ, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral submucous fibrosis: Review on aetiology and pathogenesis. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:561-8. [PMID: 16311067 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Data from recent epidemiological studies provide overwhelming evidence that areca nut is the main aetiological factor for OSF. A clear dose-dependent relationship was observed for both frequency and duration of chewing areca nut (without tobacco) in the development of OSF. Commercially freeze dried products such as pan masala, Guthka and mawa (areca and lime) have high concentrates of areca nut per chew and appear to cause OSF more rapidly than by self prepared conventional betel quid that contain smaller amounts of areca nut. It is logical to hypothesise that the increased collagen synthesis or reduced collagen degradation as possible mechanisms in the development of the disease. There are numerous biological pathways involved in the above processes and, it is likely that the normal regulatory mechanisms are either down regulated or up regulated at different stages of the disease. Among the chemical constituents, alkaloids from areca nut are the most important biologically whilst tannin may have a synergistic role. These chemicals appear to interfere with the molecular processes of deposition and/or degradation of extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen. In vitro studies on human fibroblasts using areca extracts or chemically purified arecoline support the theory of fibroblastic proliferation and increased collagen formation that is also demonstrable histologically in human OSF tissues. The copper content of areca nut is high and the possible role of copper as a mediator of fibrosis is supported by the demonstration of up regulation of lysyl oxidase in OSF biopsies. It has been postulated that areca nut may also induce the development of the disease by increased levels of cytokines in the lamina propria. Increased and continuous deposition of extracellular matrix may take place as a result of disruption of the equilibrium between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP). Current evidence implicates collagen-related genes in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of OSF. The individual mechanisms operating at various stages of the disease-initial, intermediate and advanced-need further study in order to propose appropriate therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Tilakaratne
- The Centre for Research in Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts and The London, London, UK
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48
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Jayasuriya NSS, Tilakaratne WM, Amaratunga EAPD, Ekanayake MKB. An unusual presentation of rhinofacial zygomycosis due to Cunninghamella sp. in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and literature review. Oral Dis 2006; 12:67-9. [PMID: 16390472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Zygomycosis is a rare fungal infection usually found in immunocompromised patients. It is a rapidly progressing infection with a high mortality rate. Our report describes an unusual case of rhinofacial zygomycosis due to Cunninghamella sp. in an immunocompetent patient, who presented with a slowly progressive swelling of the left cheek. An interrupted course of amphotericin B treatment caused regression of the lesion. Drug therapy was abandoned due to impairment of renal function. The patient was clinically and radiologically disease free for 2 years following cessation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S S Jayasuriya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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49
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Siriwardena BSMS, Tilakaratne A, Amaratunga EAPD, Tilakaratne WM. Demographic, aetiological and survival differences of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the young and the old in Sri Lanka. Oral Oncol 2006; 42:831-6. [PMID: 16527511 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major oncological problem in many regions of the world where tobacco habits are practiced in the form of chewing and/or smoking with or without alcohol intake. It accounts for 16.5% of all cancers in Sri Lankan patients with a male:female ratio of 4:1. In Sri Lanka nearly 5% of OSCC are diagnosed in young patients. This comparative study describes, demographic, aetiological and survival data from young and old patients with OSCC (n=56). Both younger and older groups showed a marked male predilection (male:female ratio was 4:1 and 3.7:1 in younger and older groups respectively). Tongue was the commonest site for younger group (41%, P<0.01) whilst buccal mucosa (37.5%, P<0.05) and alveolar mucosa (25%, P<0.01) were for older group. 39% of cancers in younger group were not associated with any identifiable risk factor (P<0.01) and 70% of SCC of the tongue has no associated habits (P<0.01). SCC of the tongue in the younger group shows poor prognosis than the older patients. Three-year survival rate for the total number showed no significant difference in two age groups. Survival appeared to be better in patients without associated habits in the older group.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S M S Siriwardena
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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50
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Abstract
The term synovial sarcoma was first proposed for the histologically well defined entity by Knox in 1936. The name was proposed due to the fact that at least the cases reported in the early part showed some resemblance of the tumour to normal synovial tissue histologically. Thereafter, tumours have been diagnosed from areas without synovial tissue. The diagnosis of monophasic tumours can be difficult and immunostains appear to be a good diagnostic tool in those cases. The occurrence in the mandible is extremely rare. This is a case of synovial sarcoma arising in the condyle involving most of the ramus. The tumour was diagnosed as synovial sarcoma with predominant spindle cell component by correlation of histopathology with immunostains (cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, actin and desmin). The patient has been treated with surgery and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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