1
|
Cheong IT, Morrish W, Sheard W, Yu H, Tavares Luppi B, Milburn L, Meldrum A, Veinot JGC. Silicon Quantum Dot-Polymer Fabry-Pérot Resonators with Narrowed and Tunable Emissions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:27149-27158. [PMID: 33983697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent silicon nanoparticles have been widely recognized as an alternative for metal-based quantum dots (QDs) for optoelectronics partly because of the high abundance and biocompatibility of silicon. To date, the broad photoluminescence line width (often >100 nm) of silicon QDs has been a hurdle to achieving competitive spectral purity and incorporating them into light-emitting devices. Herein we report fabrication and testing of straightforward configuration of Fabry-Pérot resonators that incorporates a thin layer of SiQD-polymer hybrid/blend between two reflective silver mirrors; remarkably these devices exhibit up-to-14-fold narrowing of SiQD emission and achieve a spectral bandwidth as narrow as ca. 9 nm. Our polymer-based, SiQD-containing Fabry-Pérot resonators also provide convenient spectral tunability, can be prepared using a variety of polymer hosts and substrates, and enable rigid as well as flexible devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Teng Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - William Morrish
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - William Sheard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Bruno Tavares Luppi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Leanne Milburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alkiviathes Meldrum
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maralani PJ, Shewchuk JR, Joshi M, Ribeiro L, Carpio-O'Donovan RD, Landry D, Sharma M, Zakhari N, Symons S, Morrish W, Schmidt M. Diagnostic Neuroradiology Subspecialty Training: 1 Versus 2 Years; the Canadian Perspective. Can Assoc Radiol J 2021; 72:661-668. [PMID: 33461343 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120982984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canada began a national reform of its post-graduate medical education training programs to a Competence By Design (CBD) model. Trends from accredited neuroradiology programs from the past 10 years were investigated to inform educators and stakeholders for this process. METHODS A 13-question electronic survey was sent to program directors of all 8 accredited neuroradiology training programs in Canada. Data was requested for each year on the 2008-2019 graduating classes. Questions pertained to program enrolment; program completion; post-training employment; and the sufficiency of 1-year training programs. RESULTS Response rate was 100%. Over the timeframe studied, the 2-year programs increased in size (P = 0.007), while the 1-year programs remained steady (P = 0.27). 12.2% of trainees enrolled in the 2-year program dropped out after 1 year, and were considered 1-year trainees thereafter. A higher proportion of 2-year trainees obtain positions within academic institutions (89.5 vs 67.2%, P = 0.0007), whereas a higher proportion of 1-year trainees obtain positions within non-academic institutions (29.3 vs 8.1%, P = 0.0007). A higher proportion of those with Canadian board certification in diagnostic radiology who completed a 2-year program obtained a position within a Canadian academic institution compared to non-certified 2-year trainees (P < 0.001). 71.4% of program directors agreed that a 1-year program was sufficient for non-academic staff positions. CONCLUSION The length of the training program has significant impact on employment in academic vs non-academic institutions. This information can be used to guide the upcoming CBD initiative for neuroradiology programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason R Shewchuk
- Department of Radiology, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manish Joshi
- Department of Radiology, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luciana Ribeiro
- Department of Radiology, 3710McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David Landry
- Department of Radiology, 5622Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manas Sharma
- Department of Medical Imaging, 6221Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Zakhari
- Department of Radiology, 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Symons
- Department of Medical Imaging, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Morrish
- Department of Radiology, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, 3688Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muram S, Eesa M, Belanger BL, Almekhlafi M, Goyal M, Morrish W, Wong JH, Gomez-Paz S, Akamatsu Y, Salem MM, Robinson TM, Moore JM, Thomas AJ, Ogilvy CS, Mitha AP. A Novel Parameter to Predict Supraclinoid Aneurysm Persistence After Flow Diversion with the Pipeline Embolization Device. World Neurosurg 2020; 145:e216-e223. [PMID: 33065343 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysm recurrence after Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) placement can be caused by oversizing of the stent as well as poor wall apposition, both of which can lead to elongation. The objective of this study was to assess whether a novel parameter for measuring device elongation based on two-dimensional imaging could be predictive for persistent aneurysm filling after treatment with the PED. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis was initially completed on 41 aneurysms from institution A, examining demographic, aneurysmal, and device measurements. Device measurements, including the ratio of the measured length to the nominal length (ML/NL) of the PED, were taken by reviewers blinded to the primary end point, which was aneurysm occlusion status on 6 month catheter angiogram. Findings were then externally validated against 30 aneurysms (supraclinoid only) from institution B. RESULTS Data from institution A showed 61% complete aneurysm occlusion at 6 months, and were lower for aneurysms in the supraclinoid region. For supraclinoid aneurysms alone, combined data from both institutions showed higher rates of nonocclusion with aneurysm neck size >4 mm (P = 0.008) and a trend toward significance in aneurysms with a branch vessel (P = 0.051). The mean ML/NL ratio was significantly larger in the nonoccluded group compared with the occluded group at both institution A (ratio, 1.37 versus 1.10; P < 0.001) and institution B (ratio, 1.36 vs. 1.11; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that a novel parameter based on two-dimensional angiography may serve as a rapid technique to measure device elongation and predict occlusion of supraclinoid aneurysms after PED placement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Muram
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Muneer Eesa
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brooke L Belanger
- Department of Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed Almekhlafi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mayank Goyal
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Morrish
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John H Wong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Santiago Gomez-Paz
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yosuke Akamatsu
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohamed M Salem
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy M Robinson
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin M Moore
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ajith J Thomas
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher S Ogilvy
- Neurosurgical Service, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alim P Mitha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Morrish W, Gardner K, Yang S, Yang Y, Meldrum A. Functional lasing microcapillaries for surface-specific sensing. Opt Express 2019; 27:26967-26978. [PMID: 31674566 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lasing-based sensors have several advantages over fluorescent devices, specifically related to the high light intensity and narrow mode linewidth that can improve the speed and accuracy of the sensor performance. In this work, a microcapillary-based lasing sensor is demonstrated, in which the lasing wavelengths are sensitive to the surface binding of specific materials. In order to achieve this, we utilized lasing into the "star" and "triangle" modes of a conventional microcapillary and tracked the mode positions after the deposition of a polyelectrolyte tri-layer and the subsequent amide binding of carboxy-functionalized polystyrene microspheres. While the lasing mode spectrum becomes increasingly complicated by the addition of the surface layers, careful mode selection can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer surface binding in a mechanically and optically robust device. For polystyrene microspheres, the detection limits were 9.75 nM based upon the lasing mode shift, which compares favorably with fluorescence-based devices. The methods presented in this work could readily be extended to other surface binding schemes and lasing wavelengths, showing that capillary microlasers could be used for many potential applications that capitalize on stable lasing-based detection methods.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jakob M, Aissiou A, Morrish W, Marsiglio F, Islam M, Kartouzian A, Meldrum A. Reappraising the Luminescence Lifetime Distributions in Silicon Nanocrystals. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:383. [PMID: 30488251 PMCID: PMC6261909 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The luminescence dynamics in ensembles of nanocrystals are complicated by a variety of processes, including the size-dependence of the radiative and non-radiative rates in inhomogeneous broadened samples and interparticle interactions. This results in a non-exponential decay, which for the specific case of silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) has been widely modeled with a Kohlrausch or "stretched exponential" (SE) function. We first derive the population decay function for a luminescence decay following exp[- (t/τ)β]. We then compare the distributions and mean times calculated by assuming that either the luminescence decay or the population decay follows this function and show that the results are significantly different for β much below 1. We then apply these two types of SE functions as well as other models to the luminescence decay data from two thermally grown SiNC samples with different mean sizes. The mean lifetimes are strongly dependent on the experimental setup and the chosen fitting model, none of which appears to adequately describe the ensemble decay dynamics. Frequency-resolved spectroscopy (FRS) techniques are then applied to SiNCs in order to extract the lifetime distribution directly. The rate distribution has a half width of ~ 0.5 decades and mainly resembles a somewhat high-frequency-skewed lognormal function. The combination of TRS and FRS methods appear best suited to uncovering the luminescence dynamics of NC materials having a broad emission spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Jakob
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Amira Aissiou
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - William Morrish
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Frank Marsiglio
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Muhammad Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Aras Kartouzian
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lane S, Vagin S, Wang H, Heinz WR, Morrish W, Zhao Y, Rieger B, Meldrum A. Wide-gamut lasing from a single organic chromophore. Light Sci Appl 2018; 7:101. [PMID: 30534370 PMCID: PMC6279737 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of wideband lasing media has deep implications for imaging, sensing, and display technologies. We show that a single chromophore can be engineered to feature wide-gamut fluorescence and lasing throughout the entire visible spectrum and beyond. This exceptional color tuning demonstrates a chemically controlled paradigm for light emission applications with precise color management. Achieving such extensive color control requires a molecular blueprint that yields a high quantum efficiency and a high solubility in a wide variety of liquids and solids while featuring a heterocyclic structure with good steric access to the lone pair electrons. With these requirements in mind, we designed a lasing chromophore that encloses a lasing color space twice as large as the sRGB benchmark. This record degree of color tuning can in principle be adapted to the solid state by incorporating the chromophore into polymer films. By appropriately engineering the base molecular structure, the widest range of lasing wavelengths observed for a conventional gain medium can be achieved, in turn establishing a possible route toward high-efficiency light emitters and lasers with near-perfect chromaticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Lane
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E1 Canada
| | - S. Vagin
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - H. Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E1 Canada
| | - W. R. Heinz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - W. Morrish
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E1 Canada
| | - Y. Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E1 Canada
| | - B. Rieger
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - A. Meldrum
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2E1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- David Ben-Israel
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Albert M Isaacs
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Morrish
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naomi C Gallagher
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morrish W, West P, Orlando N, Klantsataya E, Gardner K, Lane S, Decorby R, François A, Meldrum A. Refractometric micro-sensor using a mirrored capillary resonator. Opt Express 2016; 24:24959-24970. [PMID: 27828436 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.024959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a flow-through optical sensor consisting of a microcapillary with mirrored channels. Illuminating the structure from the side results in a complicated spectral interference pattern due to the different cavities formed between the inner and outer capillary walls. Using a Fourier transform technique to isolate the desired channel modes and measure their resonance shift, we obtain a refractometric detection limit of (6.3 ± 1.1) x 10-6 RIU near a center wavelength of 600 nm. This simple device demonstrates experimental refractometric sensitivities up to (5.6 ± 0.2) x 102 nm/RIU in the visible spectrum, and it is calculated to reach 1540 nm/RIU with a detection limit of 2.3 x 10-6 RIU at a wavelength of 1.55 µm. These values are comparable to or exceed some of the best Fabry-Perot sensors reported to date. Furthermore, the device can function as a gas or liquid sensor or even as a pressure sensor owing to its high refractometric sensitivity and simple operation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lang ST, Assis Z, Wong JH, Morrish W, Mitha AP. Republished: Rapid delayed growth of ruptured supraclinoid blister aneurysm after successful flow diverting stent treatment. J Neurointerv Surg 2016; 9:e16. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012506.rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A 62-year-old woman presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured right supraclinoid internal carotid artery blister aneurysm. She was treated in an emergent fashion with two flow diverting pipeline embolization devices (PED) deployed in a telescoping fashion. CT angiography performed for unrelated reasons at 7 months showed successful treatment of the aneurysm without evidence of residual aneurysm. However, a follow-up digital subtraction angiogram performed at 9 months showed a large aneurysm in a modified position compared with the original aneurysm. This is the first case of rapid regrowth of a supraclinoid blister aneurysm after successful treatment with a PED, and demonstrates the need for close follow-up for similar aneurysms treated with this novel device.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lang ST, Assis Z, Wong JH, Morrish W, Mitha AP. Rapid delayed growth of ruptured supraclinoid blister aneurysm after successful flow diverting stent treatment. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-012506. [PMID: 27436031 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-012506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old woman presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured right supraclinoid internal carotid artery blister aneurysm. She was treated in an emergent fashion with two flow diverting pipeline embolization devices (PED) deployed in a telescoping fashion. CT angiography performed for unrelated reasons at 7 months showed successful treatment of the aneurysm without evidence of residual aneurysm. However, a follow-up digital subtraction angiogram performed at 9 months showed a large aneurysm in a modified position compared with the original aneurysm. This is the first case of rapid regrowth of a supraclinoid blister aneurysm after successful treatment with a PED, and demonstrates the need for close follow-up for similar aneurysms treated with this novel device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thomas Lang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zarina Assis
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John H Wong
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Morrish
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alim P Mitha
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Image review on computer-based workstations has made film-based review outdated. Despite advances in technology, the lack of portability of digital workstations creates an inherent disadvantage. As such, we sought to determine if the quality of image review on a handheld device is adequate for routine clinical use. METHODS Six CT/CTA cases and six MR/MRA cases were independently reviewed by three neuroradiologists in varying environments: high and low ambient light using a handheld device and on a traditional imaging workstation in ideal conditions. On first review (using a handheld device in high ambient light), a preliminary diagnosis for each case was made. Upon changes in review conditions, neuroradiologists were asked if any additional features were seen that changed their initial diagnoses. Reviewers were also asked to comment on overall clinical quality and if the handheld display was of acceptable quality for image review. RESULTS After the initial CT review in high ambient light, additional findings were reported in 2 of 18 instances on subsequent reviews. Similarly, additional findings were identified in 4 of 18 instances after the initial MR review in high ambient lighting. Only one of these six additional findings contributed to the diagnosis made on the initial preliminary review. CONCLUSIONS Use of a handheld device for image review is of adequate diagnostic quality based on image contrast, sharpness of structures, visible artefacts and overall display quality. Although reviewers were comfortable with using this technology, a handheld device with a larger screen may be diagnostically superior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Privia A Randhawa
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - William Morrish
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - John T Lysack
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - William Hu
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - Mayank Goyal
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- 1Calgary Stroke Program,Department of Clinical Neurosciences,University of Calgary,Calgary,Alberta,Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arnold DL, Li D, Hohol M, Chakraborty S, Chankowsky J, Alikhani K, Duquette P, Bhan V, Montanera W, Rabinovitch H, Morrish W, Vandorpe R, Guilbert F, Traboulsee A, Kremenchutzky M. Evolving role of MRI in optimizing the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Canadian Consensus recommendations. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2015; 1:2055217315589775. [PMID: 28607695 PMCID: PMC5433339 DOI: 10.1177/2055217315589775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly important for the early detection of suboptimal responders to disease-modifying therapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Treatment response criteria are becoming more stringent with the use of composite measures, such as no evidence of disease activity (NEDA), which combines clinical and radiological measures, and NEDA-4, which includes the evaluation of brain atrophy. Methods The Canadian MRI Working Group of neurologists and radiologists convened to discuss the use of brain and spinal cord imaging in the assessment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients during the treatment course. Results Nine key recommendations were developed based on published sources and expert opinion. Recommendations addressed image acquisition, use of gadolinium, MRI requisitioning by clinicians, and reporting of lesions and brain atrophy by radiologists. Routine MRI follow-ups are recommended beginning at three to six months after treatment initiation, at six to 12 months after the reference scan, and annually thereafter. The interval between scans may be altered according to clinical circumstances. Conclusions The Canadian recommendations update the 2006 Consortium of MS Centers Consensus revised guidelines to assist physicians in their management of MS patients and to aid in treatment decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Li
- University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitha AP, Mynard JP, Storwick JA, Shivji ZI, Wong JH, Morrish W. Can the Windkessel Hypothesis Explain Delayed Intraparenchymal Haemorrhage After Flow Diversion? A Case Report and Model-Based Analysis of Possible Mechanisms. Heart Lung Circ 2015; 24:824-30. [PMID: 25804624 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed ipsilateral intraparenchymal haemorrhage is a recently recognised complication after endovascular flow diversion for intracranial aneurysms. Although the mechanism of this phenomenon is not understood, one proposed explanation (the windkessel hypothesis) is that removal of aneurysmal compliance increases distal pulse pressure. METHODS We present a case of delayed haemorrhage after placement of a Pipeline stent, discuss the proposed mechanisms, and describe a novel electrical analogue model that was used to evaluate the likely haemodynamic effect of stent placement. RESULTS Model-based analysis suggests that stenting is not likely to produce a significant change in distal pulse pressure. Moreover, basic fluid dynamics principles suggest that a local reduction in disturbed flow in the region of the aneurysm could produce only a minor increase in distal pressure (a few mmHg), which is unlikely to be the main cause of the observed haemorrhage. CONCLUSION The windkessel hypothesis is unlikely to explain the occurrence of delayed ipsilateral intraparenchymal haemorrhage after flow diversion; however, other mechanisms involving altered haemodynamics distal to the treated aneurysm may play a role. Further studies involving the assessment of haemodynamic changes after flow diversion would be useful to understand, and eventually mitigate, this currently unpredictable risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alim P Mitha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and; Department of Radiology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jonathan P Mynard
- Biomedical Simulation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Heart Research, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - John H Wong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and; Department of Radiology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Morrish
- Department of Radiology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Glass
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marshall GB, Heale VR, Herx L, Abdeen A, Mrkonjic L, Powell J, Sevick RJ, Morrish W. Magnetic Resonance Diffusion W Imaging in Cerebral Fat Embolism. Can J Neurol Sci 2014; 31:417-21. [PMID: 15376492 DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100003565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of diffusion weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping in the diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism is shown here to demonstrate infarcts secondary to fat emboli more intensely than T2 weighted sequences 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. Embolic foci are hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping consistent with cytotoxic edema associated with cell death and restricted water diffusion. This technique increases the sensitivity for detecting cerebral fat embolism and offers a potentially important tool in its diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G B Marshall
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eesa M, Burns PA, Almekhlafi MA, Menon BK, Wong JH, Mitha A, Morrish W, Demchuk AM, Goyal M. Mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire stent: is there a learning curve in achieving rapid recanalization times? J Neurointerv Surg 2013; 6:649-51. [PMID: 24151114 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
METHODS In acute ischemic stroke, good outcome following successful recanalization is time dependent. In patients undergoing endovascular therapy at our institution, recanalization times with the Solitaire stent were retrospectively evaluated to assess for the presence of a learning curve in achieving rapid recanalization. METHODS We reviewed patients who presented to our stroke center and achieved successful recanalization with the Solitaire stent exclusively. Time intervals were calculated (CT to angiography arrival, angiography arrival to groin puncture, groin puncture to first deployment, and deployment to recanalization) from time stamped images and angiography records. Patients were divided into three sequential groups, with overall CT to recanalization time and subdivided time intervals compared. RESULTS 83 patients were treated with the Solitaire stent from May 2009 to February 2012. Recanalization (Thrombolyis in Cerebral Infarction score 2A) occurred in 75 (90.4%) patients. CT to recanalization demonstrated significant improvement over time, which was greatest between the first 25 and the most recent 25 cases (161-94 min; p<0.01). The maximal contribution to this was from improvements in first stent deployment to recanalization time (p=0.001 between the first and third groups), with modest contributions from moving patients from CT to the angiography suite faster (p=0.02 between the first and third groups) and from groin puncture to first stent deployment (p=0.02 between the first and third groups). CONCLUSIONS There is a learning curve involved in the efficient use of the Solitaire stent in endovascular acute stroke therapy. Along with improvements in patient transfer to angiography and improved efficiency with intracranial access, mastering this device contributed significantly towards reducing recanalization times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Eesa
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - P A Burns
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M A Almekhlafi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Western, Saudi Arabia
| | - B K Menon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J H Wong
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Mitha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - W Morrish
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A M Demchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Goyal
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boet S, Duttchen K, Chan J, Chan AW, Morrish W, Ferland A, Hare GM, Hong AP. Cricoid Pressure Provides Incomplete Esophageal Occlusion Associated with Lateral Deviation: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. J Emerg Med 2012; 42:606-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Howard G, Roubin G, Hopkins LN, Moore W, Gray W, Rosenfield K, Katzen B, Chakhtoura E, Morrish W, Ferguson R, Hye R, Shawl F, Harrigan M, Voeks J, Lal B, Meschia J, Brott T. Did Carotid Stenting and Endarterectomy Outcomes Change over Time in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial? (S09.005). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
Roubin G, Popma J, Almonacid A, Morrish W, Katzen B, Chakhtoura E, Lal B, Voeks J, Meschia J, Brott T. Angiographic Predictors of Stroke after Carotid Artery Stenting - A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of 1070 Patients in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (S09.002). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
20
|
Roubin G, Popma J, Almonacid A, Morrish W, Katzen B, Chakhtoura E, Lal B, Voeks J, Meschia J, Brott T. Angiographic Predictors of Stroke after Carotid Artery Stenting - A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of 1070 Patients in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (IN2-2.001). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in2-2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
21
|
Dolati-Ardejani P, Morrish W, Wong J. Posttraumatic Ophthalmic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Presenting Epistaxis: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1312334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
22
|
Sutherland CS, Kelly JJP, Morrish W, Sutherland GR. Identification of Disappearing Brain Lesions With Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Prevents Surgery. Neurosurgery 2010; 67:1061-5; discussion 1065. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e3181ee4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Typically, neurosurgery is performed several weeks after diagnostic imaging. In the majority of cases, histopathology confirms the diagnosis of neoplasia. In a small number of cases, a different diagnosis is established or histopathology is nondiagnostic. The frequency with which these outcomes occur has not been established.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the frequency and outcome of disappearing brain lesions within a group of patients undergoing surgery for suspected brain tumor.
METHODS:
Over the past decade, 982 patients were managed in the intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging unit at the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. These patients have been prospectively evaluated.
RESULTS:
In 652 patients, a brain tumor was suspected. In 6 of the 652 patients, histopathology indicated a nontumor diagnosis. In 5 patients, intraoperative images, acquired after induction of anesthesia, showed complete or nearly complete resolution of the suspected tumor identified on diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging acquired 6 ± 4 (mean ± SD) weeks previously. Anesthesia was reversed, and the surgical procedure aborted. The lesions have not progressed with 6 ± 2 years of follow-up.
CONCLUSION:
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging prevented surgery on 5 patients with disappearing lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John JP Kelly
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - William Morrish
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Garnette R Sutherland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hopkins LN, Roubin GS, Chakhtoura EY, Gray WA, Ferguson RD, Katzen BT, Rosenfield K, Goldstein J, Cutlip DE, Morrish W, Lal BK, Sheffet AJ, Tom M, Hughes S, Voeks J, Kathir K, Meschia JF, Hobson RW, Brott TG. The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial: credentialing of interventionalists and final results of lead-in phase. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2010; 19:153-62. [PMID: 20189092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of carotid artery stenting in preventing stroke requires a low risk of periprocedural stroke and death. A comprehensive training and credentialing process was prerequisite to the randomized Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) to assemble a competent team of interventionalists with low periprocedural event rates. Interventionalists submitted cases to a multidisciplinary Interventional Management Committee. This committee evaluated 427 applicants. Of these, 238 (56%) were selected to participate in the training program and the lead-in phase, 73 (17%) who had clinical registry experience and satisfactory results with the devices used in CREST were exempt from training and were approved for the randomized phase, and 116 (27%) did not qualify for training. At 30 days in the lead-in study, stroke, myocardial infarction, or death occurred in 6.1% of symptomatic subjects and 4.8% of asymptomatic subjects. Stroke or death occurred in 5.8% of symptomatic subjects and 3.8% of asymptomatic subjects. Outcomes were better for younger subjects and varied by operator training. Based on experience, training, and lead-in results, the Interventional Management Committee selected 224 interventionalists to participate in the randomized phase of CREST. We believe that the credentialing and training of interventionalists participating in CREST have been the most rigorous reported to date for any randomized trial evaluating endovascular treatments. The study identified competent operators, which ensured that the randomized trial results fairly contrasted outcomes between endarterectomy and stenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Nelson Hopkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, Millard Fillmore Hospital, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharma P, Poppe AY, Eesa M, Steffanhagan N, Hudon M, Morrish W. Extravasating contrast material on angiography following carotid angioplasty and stenting: not necessarily subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neuroimaging 2008; 20:180-2. [PMID: 19021827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2008.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of asymptomatic extravasation of iodinated contrast material into the sulci on digital subtraction angiography following carotid angioplasty and stenting resulting in sulcal hyperdensity on computed tomography (CT). We believe the mechanism for this observation is hyperperfusion injury and that in the absence of any associated clinical signs, it should not be considered alarming for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranshu Sharma
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Puetz V, Morrish W, Gahn G, Kummer RV, Hill M. Aktuelle Studienlage zu Karotisangioplastie und -stenting. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1067377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosarcoidosis is often a devastating, refractory condition without definite pharmacotherapies beyond corticosteroids. AIM To describe a case of steroid-refractory neurosarcoidosis with a marked clinical and radiological response to infliximab. METHODS We describe the case of a young female patient with biopsy-proven neurosarcoidosis leading to gait failure. She described significant corticosteroid-related side effects without clinical response to the therapy. Infliximab therapy was considered as a possible rescue medication. RESULTS Within months of starting intravenous infliximab therapy, she regained her ability to walk and magnetic resonance imaging identified significant improvements over a sustained course of infliximab therapy, including loss of enhancing nodules and loss of meningeal enhancement. CONCLUSION Mounting evidence suggests that infliximab is a valuable pharmacological agent in the management of patients with refractory and disabling neurosarcoidosis. Controlled studies of infliximab in this condition are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Toth
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- M SuttonBrown
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hill MD, Morrish W, Soulez G, Nevelsteen A, Maleux G, Rogers C, Hauptmann KE, Bonafé A, Beyar R, Gruberg L, Schofer J. Multicenter evaluation of a self-expanding carotid stent system with distal protection in the treatment of carotid stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27:759-65. [PMID: 16611760 PMCID: PMC8134008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carotid artery stent placement may be limited by the embolization of atheromatous material. We evaluated the safety and feasibility of the Medtronic Self-Expanding Carotid Stent (Exponent) in combination with the Medtronic Interceptor Carotid Filter System for the treatment of carotid stenosis among patients at high risk for carotid endarterectomy. METHODS Patients at high risk for carotid endarterectomy but amenable to percutaneous treatment with stent placement were enrolled. Clinical follow-up was performed at 30 days and 6 and 12 months postprocedure. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was assessed before and within 3 days postprocedure and at 30 days and 6 months postprocedure. Angiography was performed pre- and postprocedure, and carotid duplex scans were performed at baseline and at 30 days and 6 months. RESULTS Fifty-two carotid procedures were performed in 51 patients (mean age, 69 years; 84% of patients were men). The major adverse event (MAE) rate (death, stroke, and myocardial infarction [MI]) at 30 days was 5.9%: 2 strokes and a single death from periprocedural MI. MAE rates after 6 and 12 months were 5.9% and 11.8%, respectively. The delivery success rate was 94.2% (49/52) for the Interceptor Filter System and 95.9% (47/49) for the Exponent Stent. The mean diameter stenosis of the target lesion was reduced from 62.4% preprocedure to 21.2% postprocedure. CONCLUSION High delivery success rates were achieved with a low rate of MAE (death, stroke, or MI) in a high-risk population. Treatment of carotid artery disease with the Exponent Carotid Stent combined with distal protection from the Interceptor Filter System is effective and safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Hill
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pettersen JA, Hill MD, Demchuk AM, Morrish W, Hudon ME, Hu W, Wong J, Barber PA, Buchan AM. Intra-arterial thrombolysis for retinal artery occlusion: the Calgary experience. Can J Neurol Sci 2005; 32:507-11. [PMID: 16408583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinal artery occlusion represents a medical emergency with poor prognosis for visual recovery. Spontaneous improvement is estimated to occur in less than 15% of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) cases and conventional treatments have provided only limited benefit. Intra-arterial thrombolysis has been reported as a potentially efficacious and safe treatment. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of all retinal artery occlusion cases treated with intra-arterial recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) from January 1998 to May 2004. Patients received Goldmann perimetry visual field testing at a variable interval following the procedure (2 days-2.5 years). Visual acuity (VA) was re-assessed in May 2004. RESULTS Eight cases (59-77 years) were treated for CRAO, 6-18 hours post-onset with intra-arterial rtPA (10-20 mg over 15-60 minutes); one case of branch occlusion (BRAO) was treated with 30 mg rtPA over 75 minutes, 12 hours post-onset. Among the six patients with CRAO assessed in clinic, three experienced improvement in VA by two or more gradations (Snellen lines); three improved by one gradation. However, none achieved a final VA better than 20/300. The case of branch occlusion improved to a VA of 20/20. All patients had residual monocular field defects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a limited benefit for intra-arterial tPA compared to the rate of spontaneous improvement and conventional forms of therapy for retinal artery occlusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Pettersen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scott F, Morrish W, Reilly J. Notes - Polynitrogen Systems from the Hydrazinocarbonic Acids. Part IX. The Synthesis and Bromination of Some 5-Tetrazolyl and Related -hydrazones. J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01357a606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
An 18-year-old man with a known glioblastoma multiforme, previously treated with de-bulking, chemotherapy, radiation and steroids, underwent a repeat craniotomy after presenting with several days of intractable vomiting and headache. Postoperatively, he developed progressive delirium, bilateral sixth and seventh nerve palsies, dysphagia and ascending weakness of the upper and lower limbs. Within five postoperative days, he was quadraparetic, areflexic and had marked extraocular muscle and facial weakness, dysphagia, dysphonia and respiratory muscle weakness. The patient was started empirically on intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The following day, lumbar puncture demonstrated elevated protein (1.96g/l; normal <0.45), and a reduced glucose (0.5 mmol/l) and elevated red (4125x106 per litre) and white cell (214x106 per litre) counts in the cerebrospinal fluid (the red cells were felt to be related to surgery). The cell differential included 69% neutrophils, 3% lymphocytes, 15% monocytes and 13% blast-like cells. Gram stains and cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid were negative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Cooke
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hill MD, Barber PA, Demchuk AM, Newcommon NJ, Cole-Haskayne A, Ryckborst K, Sopher L, Button A, Hu W, Hudon ME, Morrish W, Frayne R, Sevick RJ, Buchan AM. Acute intravenous--intra-arterial revascularization therapy for severe ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002; 33:279-82. [PMID: 11779923 DOI: 10.1161/hs0102.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous alteplase for acute ischemic stroke is least efficacious for patients with proximal large-artery occlusions and clinically severe strokes. Intra-arterial therapy has the theoretical advantage of establishing a neurovascular diagnosis and high symptomatic artery patency rate but the disadvantage of requiring extra time and technical expertise. A combination of these two approaches may provide the best chance of improving outcome in severe acute ischemic stroke. We sought to assess the safety and feasibility of this approach. METHODS This was a prospective, open-label study. Sequential patients arriving to our center within 3 hours of stroke onset who were treated with intravenous alteplase were screened for possible additional intra-arterial therapy using noninvasive neuroimaging. Clinical measures and outcomes were recorded prospectively. RESULTS A total of 861 patients with ischemic stroke were admitted to Calgary hospitals during the study period. Eight patients over 21 months underwent a combined intravenous-intra-arterial approach. Six received intra-arterial alteplase and 1 underwent intracranial angioplasty; in a final patient, technical aspects prevented intra-arterial therapy. Early neurovascular and/or neurometabolic imaging identified the location of occlusion and tissue-at-risk (DWI-PWI mismatch) in all 8 patients. Two patients had a poor outcome, 1 patient suffered a significant groin hematoma, and there were no instances of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous followed by intra-arterial therapy is a promising approach to the treatment of severe acute ischemic stroke. Early noninvasive neurovascular and neurometabolic imaging is very helpful in choosing candidates for this type of therapy. On-going monitoring of alteplase-treated patients may allow the opportunity to perform rescue intra-arterial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hill
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Morrish W, Grahovac S, Douen A, Cheung G, Hu W, Farb R, Kalapos P, Wee R, Hudon M, Agbi C, Richard M. Intracranial hemorrhage after stenting and angioplasty of extracranial carotid stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21:1911-6. [PMID: 11110546 PMCID: PMC7974294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transluminal angioplasty and stenting procedure has been recently advocated as a potential alternative to surgical endarterectomy for the treatment of severe extracranial carotid stenosis. This study assesses the incidence and significance of intracranial hemorrhage occurring after this procedure. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 104 carotid arteries (96 internal, two external, and six common) in 90 patients (63 male; mean age, 69.4 years; range, 48-88 years) who underwent primary stenting and angioplasty by use of Wallstents (103/104) at three centers between January 1996 and January 1999. Seventy-five (83%) patients were referred by neurosurgery departments. Seventy-one (68%) arteries were symptomatic; the mean stenosis percentage was 85% (range, 40-99%). RESULTS Four intraparenchymal hemorrhages occurred, representing 4.4% of patients and 3.8% of vessels, after angioplasty and stent placement. The mean preoperative stenosis percentage was 95% (range, 90-99%). One hemorrhage occurred immediately after stent placement, whereas the three other hemorrhages occurred in a delayed fashion (mean, 2.8 days). The mean hematoma size was 4.8 cm (range, 2-8 cm). Three patients had associated subarachnoid or intraventricular bleeding; the fourth had associated subdural hemorrhage. Three hemorrhages were fatal; the fourth experienced two seizures only. No acute neurologic symptoms were present prior to hemorrhages, and there was no postprocedural hypertension in these patients. All had been receiving antiplatelet agents as well as intraprocedural IV heparin. CONCLUSION Intracranial hemorrhage can occur after carotid angioplasty and stenting. We speculate that this represents cerebral hyperperfusion injury. The 3.8% incidence of cerebral hemorrhage observed is approximately sixfold greater than that reported post endarterectomy (0.6%) (95% CI, 0.2-8.7%). This is not statistically significant in this small study group. This trend may reflect patient selection, different anticoagulation protocols, and/or study population size. Additional data are needed to determine the safety and efficiency of carotid stenting as a treatment for carotid stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Morrish
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Morrish W. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 2000; 27:160-1. [PMID: 10830351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
|
35
|
Abstract
Despite controversy surrounding the concept of mild head injury (MHI), it is becoming evident that even a head trauma termed 'mild' may result in significant behavioural sequelae. The present study was an attempt at documenting structural cerebral damage, by way of computerized tomography, in a group of patients having suffered a MHI as defined by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. A 1-year retrospective chart review identified 80 MHI patients who presented to the Emergency department of a lead hospital for trauma. Sixty-six per cent of these MHI patients were scanned. Evidence of intracranial abnormalities was obtained in 31% of the overall sample. Patients with a lower GCS score had a higher percentage of abnormal scans than those with a GCS score of either 14 or 15. The present findings suggest that a MHI can be associated with significant morbidity, and that a MHI group does not constitute a homogeneous pool of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tellier
- Department of Psychology, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Scott F, Morrish W, Reilly J. Notes - Polynitrogen Systems from the Hydrazinocarbonic Acids. Part IX. The Synthesis and Estimation of Some Nitroguanylhydrazones. J Org Chem 1957. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01357a605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|