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Li Z, Razavi P, Li Q, Toy W, Liu B, Ping C, Hsieh W, Sanchez-Vega F, Brown DN, Da Cruz Paula AF, Morris L, Selenica P, Eichenberger E, Shen R, Schultz N, Rosen N, Scaltriti M, Brogi E, Baselga J, Reis-Filho JS, Chandarlapaty S. Loss of the FAT1 Tumor Suppressor Promotes Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors via the Hippo Pathway. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:893-905.e8. [PMID: 30537512 PMCID: PMC6294301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are effective in breast cancer; however, drug resistance is frequently encountered and poorly understood. We conducted a genomic analysis of 348 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers treated with CDK4/6i and identified loss-of-function mutations affecting FAT1 and RB1 linked to drug resistance. FAT1 loss led to marked elevations in CDK6, the suppression of which restored sensitivity to CDK4/6i. The induction of CDK6 was mediated by the Hippo pathway with accumulation of YAP and TAZ transcription factors on the CDK6 promoter. Genomic alterations in other Hippo pathway components were also found to promote CDK4/6i resistance. These findings uncover a tumor suppressor function of Hippo signaling in ER+ breast cancer and establish FAT1 loss as a mechanism of resistance to CDK4/6i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Weiyi Toy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christina Ping
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wilson Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Luc Morris
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pier Selenica
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ronglai Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neal Rosen
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose Baselga
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA; Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Ho H, Yeh Y, Hsieh W, Chou T. P1.02-008 Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins Associates with Survival and Response to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen P, Yang H, Hou I, Hsieh W, Wang M. THE PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING FOR ELDERS LACKING MENTAL CAPACITY: A DELPHI SURVEY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chen
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology and Palliative Care Center, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan,
- Program of Senior Service, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan,
| | - H. Yang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan,
| | - I. Hou
- Department of Law, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan,
| | - W. Hsieh
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology and Palliative Care Center, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan,
| | - M. Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Knight EM, Ruiz HH, Kim SH, Harte JC, Hsieh W, Glabe C, Klein WL, Attie AD, Buettner C, Ehrlich ME, Gandy S. Unexpected partial correction of metabolic and behavioral phenotypes of Alzheimer's APP/PSEN1 mice by gene targeting of diabetes/Alzheimer's-related Sorcs1. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:16. [PMID: 26916443 PMCID: PMC4766719 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are associated with increased risk for cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia. SORCS1 encodes a protein-sorting molecule genetically linked to both T2D and AD. The association of SORCS1 with both AD and T2D is sexually dimorphic in humans, with both disease associations showing more robust effects in females. Based on published evidence that manipulation of the mouse genome combining multiple genes related to cerebral amyloidosis, to T2D, or both, might provide novel mouse models with exacerbated amyloid and/or diabetes phenotypes, we assessed memory, glucose homeostasis, and brain biochemistry and pathology in male and female wild-type, Sorcs1 -/-, APP/PSEN1, and Sorcs1 -/- X APP/PSEN1 mice. Results Male mice with either the APP/PSEN1 or Sorcs1 -/- genotype displayed earlier onset and persistent impairment in both learning behavior and glucose homeostasis. Unlike prior examples in the literature, the behavioral and metabolic abnormalities in male mice were not significantly exacerbated when the two disease model mice (Sorcs1 -/- models T2D; APP/PSEN1 models AD) were crossed. However, female Sorcs1 -/- X APP/PSEN1 mice exhibited worse metabolic dysfunction than Sorcs1 -/- knockout mice and worse memory than wild-type mice. The deletion of Sorcs1 from APP/PSEN1 mutant mice led to no obvious changes in brain levels of total or oligomeric amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide. Conclusions In general, unexpectedly, there was a trend for gene targeting of Sorcs1-/- to partially mitigate, not exacerbate, the metabolic and amyloid pathologies. These results indicate that crossing AD model mice and T2D model mice may not always cause exacerbation of both the amyloidosis phenotype and the metabolic phenotype and highlight the unexpected pitfalls of creating mixed models of disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-016-0282-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kang S, Dahl R, Hsieh W, Shin A, Zsebo KM, Buettner C, Hajjar RJ, Lebeche D. Small Molecular Allosteric Activator of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) Attenuates Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:5185-98. [PMID: 26702054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) homeostasis triggers ER stress leading to the development of insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes. Impaired function of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) has emerged as a major contributor to ER stress. We pharmacologically activated SERCA2b in a genetic model of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (ob/ob mice) with a novel allosteric activator, CDN1163, which markedly lowered fasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, and ameliorated hepatosteatosis but did not alter glucose levels or body weight in lean controls. Importantly, CDN1163-treated ob/ob mice maintained euglycemia comparable with that of lean mice for >6 weeks after cessation of CDN1163 administration. CDN1163-treated ob/ob mice showed a significant reduction in adipose tissue weight with no change in lean mass, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. They also showed an increase in energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry, which was accompanied by increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and UCP3 in brown adipose tissue. CDN1163 treatment significantly reduced the hepatic expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, attenuated ER stress response and ER stress-induced apoptosis, and improved mitochondrial biogenesis, possibly through SERCA2-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. The findings suggest that SERCA2b activation may hold promise as an effective therapy for type-2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojeong Kang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute and Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Russell Dahl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-3095
| | - Wilson Hsieh
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience and Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, and
| | - Andrew Shin
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience and Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, and
| | | | - Christoph Buettner
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience and Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, and
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute and Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute and Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029,
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Cheng HT, Dauch JR, Porzio MT, Yanik BM, Hsieh W, Smith AG, Singleton JR, Feldman EL. Increased axonal regeneration and swellings in intraepidermal nerve fibers characterize painful phenotypes of diabetic neuropathy. J Pain 2013; 14:941-7. [PMID: 23685187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We examined changes in intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) to differentiate patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN) and diabetic neuropathic pain (DN-P) from those with DN without pain (DN-NOP). Punch skin biopsies were collected from the proximal thigh (PT) and distal leg (DL) of normal subjects, patients with type 2 diabetes without evidence of DN (DM), or DN-P and DN-NOP patients. Protein gene product 9.5-positive (PGP+) immunohistochemistry was used to quantify total IENF, and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) for regenerating IENF. Compared to normal subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes without evidence of DN, both DN-P and DN-NOP have reduced PGP+ IENF densities in DL and PT. Although GAP43+ IENF densities were also reduced in DL for both DN-P and DN-NOP, the GAP43+ IENF densities in PT of DN-P remained at the control levels. Higher GAP43/PGP ratios were detected in DN-P compared to DN-NOP in the DL and PT. In parallel, increased numbers of axonal swellings per PGP+ fiber (axonal swelling/PGP) were detected in DN-P compared to normal subjects, patients with type 2 diabetes without evidence of DN, and DN-NOP in the DL. These axonal swellings were positive for tropomyosin-receptor-kinase A and substance P, suggesting that they are associated with nociception. PERSPECTIVE Among patients with DN, the ratios of GAP43/PGP and axonal swelling/PGP are likely to differentiate painful from painless phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsinlin T Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA.
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Dauch JR, Bender DE, Luna-Wong LA, Hsieh W, Yanik BM, Kelly ZA, Cheng HT. Neurogenic factor-induced Langerhans cell activation in diabetic mice with mechanical allodynia. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:64. [PMID: 23672639 PMCID: PMC3685572 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen-presenting dendritic cells located in the skin. It has been reported that LC activation is associated with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN); however, the mechanism of LC activation is still unclear. Methods The db/db mouse, a rodent model of PDN, was used to study the roles of LCs in the development of PDN in type 2 diabetes. Hind foot pads from db/db and control db/+ mice from 5 to 24 weeks of age (encompassing the period of mechanical allodynia development and its abatement) were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry studies. LCs were identified with immunohistochemistry using an antibody against CD207 (Langerin). The intraepidermal nerve fibers and subepidermal nerve plexus were identified by immunohistochemistry of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and tropomyosin-receptor kinase (Trk) A, the high affinity nerve growth factor receptor. Results CD207-positive LCs increased in the db/db mouse during the period of mechanical allodynia, from 8 to 10 weeks of age, in both the epidermis and subepidermal plexus. At 16 weeks of age, when mechanical allodynia diminishes, LC populations were reduced in the epidermis and subepidermal plexus. Epidermal LCs (ELCs) were positive for Trk A. Subepidermal LCs (SLCs) were positive for CD68, suggesting that they are immature LCs. Additionally, these SLCs were positive for the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and were in direct contact with TNF-α-positive nerve fibers in the subepidermal nerve plexus during the period of mechanical allodynia. Intrathecal administration of SB203580, a p38 kinase inhibitor, significantly reduced mechanical allodynia, TNF-α expression in the subepidermal plexus, and increased both ELC and SLC populations during the period of mechanical allodynia. Conclusions Our data support the hypothesis that increased LC populations in PDN are activated by p38-dependent neurogenic factors and may be involved in the pathogenesis of PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Dauch
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Dauch JR, Yanik BM, Hsieh W, Oh SS, Cheng HT. Neuron-astrocyte signaling network in spinal cord dorsal horn mediates painful neuropathy of type 2 diabetes. Glia 2012; 60:1301-15. [PMID: 22573263 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the neuronal-glial network in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) mediates various chronic painful conditions. We studied spinal neuronal-astrocyte signaling interactions involved in the maintenance of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) in type 2 diabetes. We used the db/db mouse, an animal model for PDN of type 2 diabetes, which develops mechanical allodynia from 6 to 12 wk of age. In this study, enhanced substance P expression was detected in the presynaptic sensory fibers innervating lamina I-III in the lumbar SCDH (LSCDH) of the db/db mouse at 10 wk of age. This phenomenon is associated with enhanced spinal ERK1/2 phosphorylation in projection sensory neurons and regional astrocyte activation. In addition, peak phosphorylation of the NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), along with upregulation of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and iNOS) expression were detected in diabetic mice. Expression of nNOS and iNOS was detected in both interneurons and astrocytes in lamina I-III of the LSCDH. Treatment with MK801, an NMDAR inhibitor, inhibited mechanical allodynia, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and nNOS and iNOS upregulation in diabetic mice. MK801 also reduced astrocytosis and glial acidic fibrillary protein upregulation in db/db mice. In addition, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, had similar effects on NMDAR signaling and NOS expression. These results suggest that nitric oxide from surrounding interneurons and astrocytes interacts with NMDAR-dependent signaling in the projection neurons of the SCDH during the maintenance of PDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Dauch
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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Cheng HL, Dauch J, Porzio M, Yanik B, Hsieh W, Smith A, Singleton J, Feldman E. Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (S07.003). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Cheng HL, Dauch J, Porzio M, Yanik B, Hsieh W, Smith A, Singleton J, Feldman E. Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (IN1-1.004). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.in1-1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Newman D, Becker J, Ackerman B, Hsieh W, Yang H, Kyrillou E, Krashaur M, Tse A, Sharp V. 258: Can Physician Education Improve Patient Use of a Free Rapid HIV Testing Program? Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.06.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bharwani LD, Lopes G, Lim EH, Hsieh W, Chang AY, Shen L. The predictive values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gefitinib. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lopes G, Kukutschka J, Portillo P, Lim EH, Bharwani L, Hsieh W, Chang AY. Pemetrexed in the treatment of Asian patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma: Experience at the Johns Hopkins Singapore International Medical Centre. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.20662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Shah K, Kilian B, Hsieh W, Kyrillou E, Hegde V, Newman D. 76: Can Urine Dip Predict an Elevated Serum Creatinine? Ann Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Soo R, Wu J, Aggarwal A, Tao Q, Hsieh W, Putti T, Tan K, Soon W, Lai Y, Mow B, Hsu S, Loh K, Tan L, Tan P, Goh BC. Correction to: Celecoxib reduces microvessel density in patients treated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and induces changes in gene expression. Ann Oncol 2006; 17: 1625–1630. Ann Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Soo RA, Wu J, Aggarwal A, Tao Q, Hsieh W, Putti T, Tan KB, Low JSW, Soon WL, Lai YF, Mow B, Hsu S, Loh KS, Tan L, Tan P, Goh BC. Celecoxib reduces microvessel density in patients treated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and induces changes in gene expression. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:1625-30. [PMID: 17008411 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdl283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celecoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with antitumor and antiangiogenic activity. We sought to determine pharmacodynamic change in tumors of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with celecoxib. METHODS Tumor biopsies were obtained before and after treatment with celecoxib 400 mg b.i.d. for 14 days in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated NPC. Tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation were assessed by immunohistochemistry and gene expression by microarray analysis. Plasma celecoxib concentrations were obtained on days 8 and 14. RESULTS Paired samples were analyzed in 15 patients. Microvessel density was reduced in post-treatment samples and mean celecoxib levels reached therapeutic levels. Thirty-five genes (27 down-regulated, eight up-regulated) were differentially expressed on microarray analysis (p < 0.001). Down-regulated genes included cell cycle regulation-related (cyclin-dependent kinase 2, YES1), transcription factor (TRIP-Br2), whereas the antigen processing and presentation-related gene HLA-DM B was up-regulated. CONCLUSION Celecoxib reduced angiogenesis and induced tumor transcriptional changes. Further characterization of these transcriptional changes in vivo is needed to provide further insights into the effects of celecoxib in neoplastic tissue. Our findings provide a rationale for clinical studies aimed at assessing the efficacy of celecoxib in the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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Chen J, Chong C, Hsieh W, Fu D, Lemas V, Liu JO, Ambinder RF. Screening a library of FDA-approved drugs identifies agents that induce lytic viral infection in EBV-associated tumors. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2002 Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with a variety of tumors including AIDS lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We hypothesized that drugs used in practice might alter viral gene expression in tumor cells in ways that might be important to understand. For example induction of lytic viral gene expression leads to expression of immunodominant CD8 T cell antigens and expression of the viral thymidine kinase (which phosphorylates ganciclovir and other nucleotide analogues). Methods: A library of FDA-approved drugs that includes 2720 agents was screened to identify those that upregulated EBV lytic gene expression. The screen involved a Burkitt’s cell line with a recombinant GFP-EBV that assayed the impact of agents on replication of the complete viral genome, and assay of a lytic promoter reporter construct. Results: The assay identified 146 agents in the whole virus replication assay, 195 agents in the promoter assay, and 54 agents that were active in both assays. Agents with activity could be grouped into 4 families: anti-tubulin drugs, glucocorticoid and other steroid hormones, DNA damaging agents and nucleotide analogues (including cytarabine and gemcitabine), and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Anti-tubulin drugs and nucleotide analogues were less active in thes whole virus assay than the promoter assay whereas bortezomib showed similar activity in both assays. Followup studies confirmed that bortezomib is a potent viral lytic activator that increases expression of the viral thymidine kinase and virion production in several different Burkitt’s lymphoma and primary effusion lymphoma cell lines. Although bortezomib decreases NFKB levels, in vitro investigations with an IKB repressor suggests that inhibition of NFKB alone does not account for lytic activation. Conclusions: Many cancer chemotherapeutic agents are upregulators of EBV lytic expression. Bortezomib is among the most potent. As strategies for using lytic induction therapeutically evolve, these agents may have an important role to play. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chen
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C. Chong
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W. Hsieh
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D. Fu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - V. Lemas
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. O. Liu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R. F. Ambinder
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Johns Hopkins Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chien FS, Hsu Y, Hsieh W, Cheng S. Dual wavelength demultiplexing by coupling and decoupling of photonic crystal waveguides. Opt Express 2004; 12:1119-1125. [PMID: 19474929 DOI: 10.1364/opex.12.001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the fundamental mode of the two coupled photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) can be odd parity in a triangular photonic crystal and their dispersion curves do intersect. Thus, the PCWs are decoupled at the crossing point. By employing the decoupling at the crossing-point frequency and ultra short coupling length for another frequency, we designed a dual-wavelength demultiplexer with a coupling length of only two wavelengths and output power ratio as high as 15 dB. A loop-shape PCW is adapted to eliminate the backward energy flow.
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Abstract
The effects of polylysine (PLL) and PLL-asialoorosomucoid (AsOR) on DNA condensation have been analyzed by AFM. Different types of condensed DNA structures were observed, which show a sequence of conformational changes as circular plasmid DNA molecules condense progressively. The structures range from circular molecules with the length of the plasmid DNA to small toroids and short rods with approximately 1/6 to 1/8 the contour length of the uncondensed circular DNA. Single plasmid molecules of 6800 base pairs (bp) condense into single toroids of approximately 110 nm diameter, measured center-to-center. The results are consistent with a model for DNA condensation in which circular DNA molecules fold several times into progressively shorter rods. Structures intermediate between toroids and rods suggest that at least some toroids may form by the opening up of rods as proposed by Dunlap et al. [(1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 3095]. Toroids and rods formed at lysine:nucleotide ratios of 5:1 and 6:1. This high lysine:nucleotide ratio is discussed in relation to entropic considerations and the overcharging of macroions. PLL-AsOR is much more effective than PLL alone for condensing DNA, because several PLL molecules are attached to a single AsOR molecule, resulting in an increased cation density.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Golan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Abstract
The structures of the reaction products are the basis for novel polymerase assays using the atomic force microscope (AFM). Polymerases are the enzymes involved in transcription and replication of DNA. Rapid semiquantitative estimates of the activity of DNA polymerases such as Sequenase, Taq polymerase, and AMV reverse transcriptase and RNA polymerases (RNAP) such as Escherichia coli RNAP were obtained from AFM images of the nucleic acids after polymerase reactions. DNA polymerases were assayed via replication of the single-stranded φX-174 virion. RNAP was assayed via transcription, using a rolling circle DNA template that produces long strands of RNA. In some cases, AFM was better than agarose gel electrophoresis for assaying DNA polymerase activity, since aggregation prevented the DNA from entering the agarose gel. Extended molecules of single-stranded RNA synthesized with the rolling circle DNA template showed varied conformations and degrees of stretching. Some structural differences were observed between two RNAs-a ribozyme concatamer and an RNA with 90% purines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Hansma
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA.
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Pietrasanta LI, Thrower D, Hsieh W, Rao S, Stemmann O, Lechner J, Carbon J, Hansma H. Probing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeric DNA (CEN DNA)-binding factor 3 (CBF3) kinetochore complex by using atomic force microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:3757-62. [PMID: 10097110 PMCID: PMC22367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast centromeric DNA (CEN DNA) binding factor 3 (CBF3) is a multisubunit protein complex that binds to the essential CDEIII element in CEN DNA. The four CBF3 proteins are required for accurate chromosome segregation and are considered to be core components of the yeast kinetochore. We have examined the structure of the CBF3-CEN DNA complex by atomic force microscopy. Assembly of CBF3-CEN DNA complexes was performed by combining purified CBF3 proteins with a DNA fragment that includes the CEN region from yeast chromosome III. Atomic force microscopy images showed DNA molecules with attached globular bodies. The contour length of the DNA containing the complex is approximately 9% shorter than the DNA alone, suggesting some winding of DNA within the complex. The measured location of the single binding site indicates that the complex is located asymmetrically to the right of CDEIII extending away from CDEI and CDEII, which is consistent with previous data. The CEN DNA is bent approximately 55 degrees at the site of complex formation. A significant fraction of the complexes are linked in pairs, showing three to four DNA arms, with molecular volumes approximately three times the mean volumes of two-armed complexes. These multi-armed complexes indicate that CBF3 can bind two DNA molecules together in vitro and, thus, may be involved in holding together chromatid pairs during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Pietrasanta
- Department of Physics, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to assay the extent of DNA condensation in approximately 100 different complexes of DNA with polylysine (PL) or PL covalently attached to the glycoproteins asialoorosomucoid (AsOR) or orosomucoid (OR). The best condensation of DNA was obtained with 10 kDa PL covalently attached to AsOR, at a lysine:nucleotide (Lys:nt) ratio of 5:1 or higher. These conditions produce large numbers of toroids and short rods with contour lengths of 300-400 nm. Some DNA condensation into shortened thickened structures was seen with 10 kDa PL attached to AsOR at Lys:nt ratios of 1.6:1 and 3:1. Some DNA condensation was also seen with 4 kDa PL at Lys:nt ratios of 3:1 and higher. Little DNA condensation was seen with PL alone or with PL convalently attached to OR at Lys:nt ratios up to 6:1. AsOR-PL enhanced gene expression in the mouse liver approximately 10- to 50-fold as compared with PL alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Hansma
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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