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Shen ZY, Cai XB, Lu LG. [Current status and challenges of clinical research and development of new drugs for liver diseases]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2024; 32:289-294. [PMID: 38733180 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240227-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Liver disease is a serious public health problem worldwide, affecting human health. However, there are still many unmet needs for the treatment of liver disease, especially with new therapeutic drugs. At present, there is no treatment method to eradicate the hepatitis B virus, nor are there therapeutic drugs for liver fibrosis, liver failure, and others. Chemotherapy and targeted immunotherapy are still unsatisfactory for liver cancer. This article provides an overview of the current status and challenges that arise in new drug research and development for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - X B Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - L G Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Cai XB, Qu Y, Lu LG. [Challenges and optimization strategies for clinical research and the development of new drugs for liver fibrosis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2024; 32:303-305. [PMID: 38733183 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240226-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a key step in the developmental process of various chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis. Therefore, the focus and difficulty of liver disease research have always been on how to reverse liver fibrosis. However, due to complex mechanisms, difficulties in endpoint evaluation, a lack of non-invasive diagnostic methods, and other factors, the research and development of new drugs are hindered and lengthy. Currently, some new drugs are being researched and developed, which signifies the prospect is optimistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Y Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - L G Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Yin HY, Li Q, Liu TH, Liu J, Qin YT, Wang Y, Zhai WL, Cai XB, Wang ZG, Zhu W. Multifunctional In-MOF and Its S-Scheme Heterojunction toward Pollutant Decontamination via Fluorescence Detection, Physical Adsorption, and Photocatalytic REDOX. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1816-1827. [PMID: 38232749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A novel doubly interpenetrated indium-organic framework of 1 has been assembled by In3+ ions and highly conjugated biquinoline carboxylate-based bitopic connectors (H2L). The isolated 1 exhibits an anionic framework possessing channel-type apertures repleted with exposed quinoline N atoms and carboxyl O atoms. Owing to the unique architecture, 1 displays a durable photoluminescence effect and fluorescence quenching sensing toward CrO42-, Cr2O72-, and Cu2+ ions with reliable selectivity and anti-interference properties, fairly high detection sensitivity, and rather low detection limits. Ligand-to-ligand charge transition (LLCT) was identified as the essential cause of luminescence by modeling the ground state and excited states of 1 using DFT and TD-DFT. In addition, the negatively charged framework has the ability to rapidly capture single cationic MB, BR14, or BY24 and their mixture, including the talent to trap MB from the (MB + MO) system with high selectivity. Moreover, intrinsic light absorption capacity and band structure feature endow 1 with effective photocatalytic decomposition ability toward reactive dyes RR2 and RB13 under ultraviolet light. Notably, after further polishing the band structure state of 1 by constructing the S-scheme heterojunction of In2S3/1, highly efficient photocatalytic detoxification of Cr(VI) and degradation of reactive dyes have been fully achieved under visible light. This finding may open a new avenue for designing novel multifunctional MOF-based platforms to address some intractable environmental issues, i.e., detection of heavy metal ions, physical capture of pony-sized dyes, and photochemical decontamination of ultrastubborn reactive dyes and highly toxic Cr(VI) ions from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Yin
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science & Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Hui Liu
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Tong Qin
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Li Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials and Products, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science & Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Bin Cai
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, P. R. China
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Cai XB, Lu LG. [Functional recompensation during decompensated-stage cirrhosis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:681-683. [PMID: 37580247 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20230423-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that recompensation of liver function appears in decompensated cirrhosis after effective treatment. However, liver function recompensation degree, recompensation evaluation diagnostic criteria, how to predict recompensation from the perspective of liver function, and others still need to be further explored. Therefore, functional recompensation is explored here from the perspective of decompensated-stage cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - L G Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Luo X, Cai XB, Lu LG. [Research progress of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:212-215. [PMID: 37137841 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20211009-00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is widespread worldwide and thereby a very serious public health problem. There are currently no effective drug treatment measures. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are the most abundant non-parenchymal cells in the liver; however, it is still not clear what role LSECs play in NAFLD. This article reviews the research progress of LSECs in NAFLD in recent years in order to provide some reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - X B Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - L G Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Li Q, Li D, Wu ZQ, Shi K, Liu TH, Yin HY, Cai XB, Fan ZL, Zhu W, Xue DX. RhB-Embedded Zirconium-Biquinoline-Based MOF Composite for Highly Sensitive Probing Cr(VI) and Photochemical Removal of CrO 42-, Cr 2O 72-, and MO. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15213-15224. [PMID: 36083838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
How to accurately detect and efficiently sweep Cr(VI) from contaminated water has come into focus. Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) play vital roles in water environmental chemistry due to excellent hydrolysis-resistant stability. However, as photochemical probes and photocatalysts, poor performances in detection sensitivity, selectivity, and photosensitiveness limit sole Zr-MOFs' applications. So, it is urgent to quest valid strategies to break through the dilemmas. Embedding luminous dyes into MOFs has been considered one of the most feasible avenues. Herein, a dual-emissive RhB@Zr-MOF with orange-yellow fluorescence has been assembled by in situ-encapsulating rhodamine B (RhB) into a zirconium-biquinoline-based MOF. Actually, within RhB@Zr-MOF, the aggregation fluorescence quenching (ACQ) effect of RhB molecules was effectively avoided. Notably, RhB@Zr-MOF exhibits a rapid fluorescence quenching response toward Cr(VI) ions with high selectivity, sensitivity, and anti-interference abilities. More interestingly, unlike the most widely reported fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between MOFs and encapsulated guest modules, photoinduced electron transfer from RhB to Zr-MOF has been confirmed by modeling the ground state and excited states of RhB@Zr-MOF using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The effective electron transfer makes RhB@Zr-MOF more sensitive in probing Cr2O72- and CrO42- ions with ultralow detection limit (DL) values of 6.27 and 5.26 ppb, respectively. Prominently, the detection sensitivity based on DL values has been increased about 6 and 9 times, respectively, compared with pristine Zr-MOF. Moreover, rather negative CB and positive VB potentials make RhB@Zr-MOF have excellent photochemical scavenging ability toward Cr(VI) and MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ke Shi
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Hui Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Yu Yin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Bin Cai
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Lu Fan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xu Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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Li XM, Lu LG, Cai XB. [Risk and control management of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with liver cirrhosis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2021; 29:209-212. [PMID: 33902186 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20210122-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most direct and effective method for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases. Compared with surgery, ERCP has the advantages of minimal trauma, shorter surgery time, fewer complications, and shorter hospital stay. Liver cirrhosis, as the advanced stage of liver disease, has reduced tolerance to surgical stresses, and complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, esophagogastric varices, and coagulation dysfunction may occur during the decompensated stage, which poses a challenge to ERCP, and thus increase the intraoperative risk and postoperative complications. This article reviews and discusses the indications, risk and control management of ERCP in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - L G Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - X B Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Cai XB, Lu LG. [Emotional disorder: a neglected symptoms of chronic liver disease]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2021; 29:381-384. [PMID: 33979968 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20191209-00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic liver disease generally have emotional disorders that typically manifest as depression, and seriously affects the quality of life. The mechanism of emotional disorders in patients with chronic liver disease is unclear, and may be related to variety of factors such as disease type, etiological treatment, economic, social support, and an individual psychology. Moreover, emotional disorders in patients with chronic liver disease can be assessed on a variety of scales and managed comprehensively through non-drug and drug therapy. This article reviews the potential pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment methods, in order to improve and provide more help for its effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080
| | - L G Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080
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Cai XB, Lu LG. [The descending pathophysiology model of cholestatic liver disease]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019; 27:321-324. [PMID: 31177654 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis is a pathological condition in which the synthesis, secretion, and excretion of bile are blocked, and thus the bile does not flow normally into the duodenum and bloodstream. According to cytological damage site, it can be divided into hepatocellular cholestasis, biliary duct cell cholestasis and mixed cell cholestasis. The two kinds of pathophysiological models [ascending or upstream (damage begins with cholangiocytes and then extends to the hepatocytes) and descending or downstream (the damage starts from the liver cells and then extends to the bile duct cells)] has distinct features in the process of disease occurrence and development. This article mainly elaborates the "descending" pathophysiological model of cholestatic liver disease (hepatocytic damage progresses to biliary duct cell), and further explores its etiology, pathogenesis and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Li XQ, Li XN, Liang JJ, Cai XB, Tao Q, Li YX, Qin Q, Xu SP, Luo TR. IRF1 up-regulates isg15 gene expression in dsRNA stimulation or CSFV infection by targeting nucleotides -487 to -325 in the 5' flanking region. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:153-165. [PMID: 29324236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that is heavily involved in immune response elicitation. As an important member of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, IRF1 can activate the expression of multiple genes, including the human optineurin gene (Sudhakar et al., 2013). In this study, a sequence in the promoter region of the optineurin gene was compared to the 5' flanking region of the porcine isg15 gene. Porcine IRF1 also possesses antiviral activity against several swine viruses (Li et al., 2015), but the mechanism is not well understood. Herein, we report that porcine IRF1 and ISG15 were up-regulated in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells following stimulation with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. We also found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of IRF1 expression resulted in lower ISG15 expression in response to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or CSFV infection. The overexpression of IRF1 resulted in ISG15 up-regulation. IRF1 was shown to translocate to the nucleus in response to dsRNA stimulation. To further identify the functional domain of the isg15 gene that promotes IRF1 transcriptional activity, firefly luciferase and ISG15 reporter systems were constructed. The results of the firefly luciferase and ISG15 reporter assay suggested that IRF1 mediates the up-regulation of ISG15. Nucleotides -487 to -325, located in the 5' flanking region of the isg15 gene, constituted the promoter region of IRF1. ChIP assay indicated that IRF1 protein was able to interact with the DNA in the 5'fr of isg15 gene in cells. As an innate immune response protein with broad-spectrum antiviral activity, the up-regulation of ISG15 mediated by IRF1 in porcine cells is reported for the first time. These results warrant further investigation into the antiviral activity of porcine IRF1 against reported swine viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin-Bin Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Li
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Su-Ping Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Feng L, Li XQ, Li XN, Li J, Meng XM, Zhang HY, Liang JJ, Li H, Sun SK, Cai XB, Su LJ, Yin S, Li YS, Luo TR. In vitro infection with classical swine fever virus inhibits the transcription of immune response genes. Virol J 2012; 9:175. [PMID: 22925563 PMCID: PMC3463435 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can evade the immune response and establish chronic infection under natural and experimental conditions. Some genes related to antigen processing and presentation and to cytokine regulation are known to be involved in this response, but the precise mechanism through which each gene responds to CSFV infection remains unclear. Results In this study, the amplification standard curve and corresponding linear regression equations for the genes SLA-2, TAP1, SLA-DR, Ii, CD40, CD80, CD86, IFN-α, and IFN-β were established successfully. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the immune response gene transcription in PK-15 cells post CSFV infection. Results showed that: (1) immune response genes were generally down-regulated as a result of CSFV infection, and (2) the expression of SLA-2, SLA-DR, Ii and CD80 was significantly decreased (p<0.001). Conclusion We conclude that in vitro infection with CSFV inhibits the transcription of host immune response genes. These findings may facilitate the development of effective strategies for controlling CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Wang QJ, Cai XB, Liu MH, Hu H, Tan XJ, Jing XB. Apoptosis induced by emodin is associated with alterations of intracellular acidification and reactive oxygen species in EC-109 cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 88:767-74. [PMID: 20651850 DOI: 10.1139/o10-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), a natural anthraquinone derivative found in several herbal medicines, is highly active in suppressing the proliferation of various tumor cells such as breast, hepatocellular, and lung cancer cells under in vitro conditions. The mechanism of emodin-induced apoptosis in esophagus carcinoma cells, EC-109, is not completely understood. In this study, EC-109 cells treated with emodin underwent rapid apoptosis as judged by morphological changes and flow cytometry analysis. The addition of emodin to EC-109 cells led to the inhibition of growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence measurements of cells indicated that the intracellular pH (pHi) decreased significantly by 0.47-0.78 units. The results obtained from flow cytometry suggested that bursts of reactive oxygen species took place after the application of emodin. The present study indicates that emodin may be a strong anticancer drug against esophagus cancer cells by causing various early events leading to growth inhibition, including the production of reactive oxygen species and decrease of pHi, which may result in cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
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Gai JP, Cai XB, Feng G, Christie P, Li XL. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with sedges on the Tibetan plateau. Mycorrhiza 2006; 16:151-157. [PMID: 16391933 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-005-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of nine dominant sedge species and the diversity of AM fungi in Tibetan grassland were surveyed in the autumn of 2003 and 2004. Most of the sedge species and ecotypes examined were mycorrhizal, but Carex moorcroftii and Kobresia pusilla were of doubtful AM status, and Kobresia humilis was facultatively mycorrhizal. This is the first report of the mycorrhizal status of eight of the nine sedge species examined. Intraradical vesicles and aseptate hyphae were the structures most frequently observed. Appressoria, coils, and arbuscules were found in the roots of a few sedge species. A strong negative correlation was found between soil organic matter content and the extent of mycorrhizal colonization. Using trap cultures, 26 species of AM fungi belonging to six genera, Glomus, Acaulospora, Paraglomus, Archaeospora, Pacispora, and Scutellospora, were isolated from the soil samples collected. The frequency of occurrence of different taxa of AM fungi varied greatly. Glomus and Acaulospora were the dominant genera, and Acaulospora scrobiculata was the most frequent and abundant species. The species richness of AM fungi was 2.73 in the study area. Species richness and diversity index differed among the sedge species but were not correlated with soil factors such as pH, available P, or organic matter content.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Gai
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 94, China
| | - X B Cai
- College of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, University of Tibet, Linzhi, 860000, China
| | - G Feng
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 94, China
| | - P Christie
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 94, China
- Agricultural and Environmental Science Department, Queen's University Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK
| | - X L Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 94, China.
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Gai JP, Feng G, Cai XB, Christie P, Li XL. A preliminary survey of the arbuscular mycorrhizal status of grassland plants in southern Tibet. Mycorrhiza 2006; 16:191-196. [PMID: 16397804 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-005-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of native plant species and AM fungal diversity in the grasslands of southern Tibet. A total of 51 soil samples were collected from the rhizospheres of the dominant plant species, and AM fungal structures were observed in 18 (82%) of 22 plant species examined. Vesicles and aseptate hyphae were the structures most frequently observed in the plant roots. After trap culture for 5 months, 25 AM fungal taxa were identified in the soil samples collected, of which nine belonged to Glomus, ten to Acaulospora, one to Entrophospora and five to Scutellospora. The frequency of occurrence of different genera and species varied greatly. Glomus was the dominant genus, and the most frequent and abundant species was Glomus mosseae. Over the whole sampling area, spore density in the rhizosphere soil of different host plant species ranged from 2 to 66 per 20 g air-dried soil. Overall AM fungal species richness was 2.10 and species diversity was 2.35. AM fungal diversity was also compared among the four different land use types (farmland and normal, disturbed and highly disturbed montane scrub grassland). Spore densities in the farmland and normal grassland were much higher than in the grasslands that had been degraded to varying degrees. The species richness in normal grassland was the highest of the four land use types examined. Species diversity varied from 1.99 to 0.94 and was highest in normal grassland, intermediate in degraded grassland and farmland, and lowest in the highly disturbed grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Gai
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - G Feng
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - X B Cai
- College of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry, University of Tibet, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - P Christie
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural and Environmental Science Department, Queen's University Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK
| | - X L Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China.
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