1
|
Stahl JP, Canouï E, Bleibtreu A, Dubée V, Ferry T, Gillet Y, Lemaignen A, Lesprit P, Lorrot M, Lourtet-Hascoët J, Manaquin R, Meyssonnier V, Pavese P, Pham TT, Varon E, Gauzit R. SPILF update on bacterial arthritis in adults and children. Infect Dis Now 2023; 53:104694. [PMID: 36948248 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2023.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 the French Society of Rhumatology (SFR) published an update of the 1990 recommendations for management of bacterial arthritis in adults. While we (French ID Society, SPILF) totally endorse this update, we wished to provide further information about specific antibiotic treatments. The present update focuses on antibiotics with good distribution in bone and joint. It is important to monitor their dosage, which should be maximized according to PK/PD parameters. Dosages proposed in this update are high, with the optimized mode of administration for intravenous betalactams (continuous or intermittent infusion). We give tools for the best dosage adaptation to conditions such as obesity or renal insufficiency. In case of enterobacter infection, with an antibiogram result "susceptible for high dosage", we recommend the requesting of specialized advice from an ID physician. More often than not, it is possible to prescribe antibiotics via the oral route as soon as blood cultures are sterile and clinical have symptoms shown improvement. Duration of antibiotic treatment is 6 weeks for Staphylococcus aureus, and 4 weeks for the other bacteria (except for Neisseria: 7 days).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Stahl
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Maladies Infectieuses, 38700, France.
| | - E Canouï
- Equipe mobile d'infectiologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Cochin) APHP-CUP, Paris, France
| | - A Bleibtreu
- Maladies Infectieuseset Tropicales, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris France
| | - V Dubée
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - T Ferry
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 69004, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Département de médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Suisse
| | - Y Gillet
- Urgences et Réanimation Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, France
| | - A Lemaignen
- Maladies Infectieuses, CHRU de Tours, Université de Tours, 37044, France
| | - P Lesprit
- Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38043, France
| | - M Lorrot
- Pédiatrie Générale et Equipe Opérationnelle d'Infectiologie, Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Pitié), Hôpital Armand Trousseau AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Paris France
| | | | - R Manaquin
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, GHSR , CHU de La Réunion, CRAtb La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, 97410, FRANCE
| | - V Meyssonnier
- Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires, GH Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, 75020, Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne Générale, Département de médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Suisse
| | - P Pavese
- Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38043, France
| | - T-T Pham
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Lyon), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 69004, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Département de médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Suisse
| | - E Varon
- Centre National de Référence des Pneumocoques, CRC-CRB, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - R Gauzit
- Equipe mobile d'infectiologie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-Articulaires complexes (CRIOAc Cochin) APHP-CUP, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eskander E, Levy C, Batard C, Bonnel A, Jung C, Béchet S, Gillet Y, Cahn-Sellem F, Kochert F, Elbez A, Ryback A, Cohen R. Infection SARS CoV-2 en ambulatoire chez l’enfant. Perfectionnement en Pédiatrie 2021. [PMCID: PMC7997596 DOI: 10.1016/j.perped.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
Zaharia MC, Rocco FD, Beuriat P, Szathmari A, Javouhay E, Gillet Y, Mottolese C. MULTIPLE POSTERIOR FOSA ASPERGILOMAS IN A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC GRANULOMATOSIS. JSS 2019. [DOI: 10.33695/jss.v6i4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive infection with Aspergillus fumigatus usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. CNS involvement is extremely rare in children. Usually, the diagnosis is hard, often made after the death of the patient. We describe the first report of a pediatric case of multiple CNS aspergillomas confirmed by a biopsy. We present the case of 3 years old boy who was hospitalized for evolving intracranial hypertension with a cerebellar syndrome. A brain CT showed a left cerebellar mass and early tonsillar commitment and a supra-tentorial lesion in the right occipital lobe. Therefore, a metastatic tumor was suspected and an emergency surgical intervention with cerebral biopsy and ventriculocisternostomy was performed. The cerebral biopsy revealed an Aspergillus fumigatus granuloma and further investigations showed that the patient has chronic granulomatosis due to a homozygous mutation of CYBA gene encoding p22phox. After a favorable evolution in reanimation, he continued the treatment with Voriconazole. At last follow-up, the neurological examination finds no sign of motor focus, no cerebellar syndrome or nystagmus. Walking is difficult with the enlargement of the support base. CNS invasive infection with Aspergillus fumigatus in a child is extremely rare and the presentation might mimic that of a tumor especially with a location of aspergilloma as in our case both supratentorially and infratentorially.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rouault M, Coudert A, Hermann R, Gillet Y, Truy E, Ayari-Khalfallah S. Otorhinolaryngological manifestations and delayed diagnosis in Kawasaki disease. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 121:137-142. [PMID: 30903929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiology whose coronary prognosis is improved by early diagnosis and management. The objective of this study was to describe ENT manifestations encountered and to look for a delayed diagnosis associated with these manifestations. METHODS A retrospective descriptive single-center study was conducted in Lyon between January 2009 and December 2017. All children treated for Kawasaki disease were included in the study. Clinical, biological and cardiac ultrasound data were collected. According to the diagnosis made at the first medical visit, children were classified into two groups: diagnosis of ENT spectrum or non-ENT diagnosis. The diagnostic times were compared by a Student test. RESULTS 142 patients were included: 64 in the ENT diagnostic group, 78 in the non-ENT diagnostic group. When the initial diagnosis was of ENT spectrum, the diagnostic time of KD was significantly longer: 8.51 days vs 5.77 days - (p < 0.01). The total duration of fever was also longer - 10.92 vs 8.32 days - (p = 0.013) - and the frequency of antibiotics intake more important - 92.2% vs 46.2% - (p < 0.01). Four children underwent surgery in the ENT diagnostic group: two retro-pharyngeal abscesses, one paracentesis and one cervicectomy. CONCLUSIONS ENT manifestations are frequently at the forefront of KD and constitute a misleading clinical picture responsible for delayed diagnosis and potentially inappropriate medico-surgical management. It is necessary to provide more education to practitioners for earlier recognition of Kawasaki disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rouault
- Service d'ORL Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfants, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - A Coudert
- Service d'ORL Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfants, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - R Hermann
- Service d'ORL, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Y Gillet
- Service d'urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfants, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Lyon, France
| | - E Truy
- Service d'ORL Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfants, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Lyon, France; Service d'ORL, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, IMPACT Team, Lyon, France
| | - S Ayari-Khalfallah
- Service d'ORL Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfants, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Lyon, France; Service d'ORL, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gaschignard J, Bidet P, Levy C, Dubos F, Toubiana J, Gillet Y, Grimprel E, Bonacorsi S, Picard C, Faye A. Génotypes emm et facteurs de virulence du SGA dans les infections invasives et non invasives chez l’enfant : Étude prospective multicentrique. Med Mal Infect 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Bal A, Pichon M, Picard C, Casalegno JS, Valette M, Schuffenecker I, Billard L, Vallet S, Vilchez G, Cheynet V, Oriol G, Trouillet-Assant S, Gillet Y, Lina B, Brengel-Pesce K, Morfin F, Josset L. Quality control implementation for universal characterization of DNA and RNA viruses in clinical respiratory samples using single metagenomic next-generation sequencing workflow. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:537. [PMID: 30373528 PMCID: PMC6206636 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) has increasingly been used for an accurate assumption-free virological diagnosis. However, the systematic workflow evaluation on clinical respiratory samples and implementation of quality controls (QCs) is still lacking. Methods A total of 3 QCs were implemented and processed through the whole mNGS workflow: a no-template-control to evaluate contamination issues during the process; an internal and an external QC to check the integrity of the reagents, equipment, the presence of inhibitors, and to allow the validation of results for each sample. The workflow was then evaluated on 37 clinical respiratory samples from patients with acute respiratory infections previously tested for a broad panel of viruses using semi-quantitative real-time PCR assays (28 positive samples including 6 multiple viral infections; 9 negative samples). Selected specimens included nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 20), aspirates (n = 10), or sputums (n = 7). Results The optimal spiking level of the internal QC was first determined in order to be sufficiently detected without overconsumption of sequencing reads. According to QC validation criteria, mNGS results were validated for 34/37 selected samples. For valid samples, viral genotypes were accurately determined for 36/36 viruses detected with PCR (viral genome coverage ranged from 0.6 to 100%, median = 67.7%). This mNGS workflow allowed the detection of DNA and RNA viruses up to a semi-quantitative PCR Ct value of 36. The six multiple viral infections involving 2 to 4 viruses were also fully characterized. A strong correlation between results of mNGS and real-time PCR was obtained for each type of viral genome (R2 ranged from 0.72 for linear single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses to 0.98 for linear ssDNA viruses). Conclusions Although the potential of mNGS technology is very promising, further evaluation studies are urgently needed for its routine clinical use within a reasonable timeframe. The approach described herein is crucial to bring standardization and to ensure the quality of the generated sequences in clinical setting. We provide an easy-to-use single protocol successfully evaluated for the characterization of a broad and representative panel of DNA and RNA respiratory viruses in various types of clinical samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3446-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bal
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS UMR5308, Virpath, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Reference des virus respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande-Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69317, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire Commun de Recherche HCL-bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - M Pichon
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS UMR5308, Virpath, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Reference des virus respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande-Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69317, Lyon, France
| | - C Picard
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France.,CIRI Inserm U1111, CNRS 5308, ENS, UCBL, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - J S Casalegno
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS UMR5308, Virpath, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Reference des virus respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande-Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69317, Lyon, France
| | - M Valette
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS UMR5308, Virpath, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Reference des virus respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande-Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69317, Lyon, France
| | - I Schuffenecker
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - L Billard
- INSERM UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Axe Microbiota, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - S Vallet
- INSERM UMR1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", Axe Microbiota, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,Département de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hygiène et Parasitologie-Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Brest, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - G Vilchez
- Laboratoire Commun de Recherche HCL-bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - V Cheynet
- Laboratoire Commun de Recherche HCL-bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - G Oriol
- Laboratoire Commun de Recherche HCL-bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - S Trouillet-Assant
- Laboratoire Commun de Recherche HCL-bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Y Gillet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Urgences pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - B Lina
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS UMR5308, Virpath, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Reference des virus respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande-Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69317, Lyon, France
| | - K Brengel-Pesce
- Laboratoire Commun de Recherche HCL-bioMerieux, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - F Morfin
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS UMR5308, Virpath, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Reference des virus respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande-Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69317, Lyon, France
| | - L Josset
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. .,Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS UMR5308, Virpath, Lyon, France. .,Centre National de Reference des virus respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande-Rue de la Croix Rousse, 69317, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Bacterial skin and soft tissues infections are common in children and frequently do not require systemic antibiotics, especially if lesions are superficial. Careful washing is always indicated in superficial lesions and is often sufficient. Careful evaluation of symptoms (which may be difficult despite the accessibility of the lesions) should be performed before prescription. Therefore, the need for drainage (spontaneous or surgical) should be assessed considering that antibiotics are mostly useless if purulent lesions are drained. Presence of toxinic symptoms (i.e., generalized cutaneous rash, diarrhea, hypotension) are strongly associated with enhanced severity. The bacterial targets for antibiotics are mainly Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Streptococcus pyogenes. Considering the low incidence of methicillin-resistant SA in France, the French Pediatric Infectious Disease Group recommends the use of amoxicillin + clavulanate as the first-line antibiotic in most children suffering from severe skin infections requiring antibiotic treatment. In patients presenting toxinic symptoms and signs, the adjunction of an antibiotic with antitoxin properties such as clindamycin should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Gillet
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Paris, France; Faculté de médecine Lyon Est- Université Claude Bernard Lyon, France; Service d'urgences et de réanimation pédiatrique. Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - M Lorrot
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Paris, France; Université Paris VII; Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Hôpital Robert Debré, AP-HP Paris, France
| | - R Cohena
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, 94000 Créteil, France; Unité Court Séjour, Petits Nourrissons, Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France; ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France.
| | - I Hau
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Paris, France; Service de pédiatroe générale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France
| | - E Grimprel
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Paris, France; Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris 6, France; Service de pédiatrie générale et aval des urgences, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - C Gras-Le Guen
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Paris, France; Université Nantes Atlantique, Nantes, France; Service d'urgences pédiatriques, CH de Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lorrot M, Gillet Y, Gras Le Guen C, Launay E, Cohen R, Grimprel E. Antibiotic therapy of bone and joint infections in children: proposals of the French Pediatric Infectious Disease Group. Arch Pediatr 2018; 24:S36-S41. [PMID: 29290233 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(17)30517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute hematogenous bone and joint infections (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and spondylodiscitis) affect more frequently children younger than 5 years of age. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are needed to limit the risk of complications. Children with suspected bone and joint infections (BJI) should be hospitalized at the beginning of treatment. Surgical drainage is indicated in patients with septic arthritis and in those with periosteal abscess. Staphylococcus aureus is involved in BJIs in children at all ages; Kingella kingae is a very common causative pathogen in children under 4 years of age. The French Pediatric Infectious Disease Group recommends in children > 3 months of age empirical antibiotic therapy with appropriate coverage against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus with high doses (150mg/kg/day) of intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime or cefazoline. In most children with uncomplicated BJI, short intravenous antibiotic therapy for 3 days can be followed by oral therapy. The minimum total duration of antibiotic therapy should be 10 days for septic arthritis and 3 weeks for osteomyelitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lorrot
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, France; Service de pédiatrie générale, hôpital Armand-Trousseau (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Y Gillet
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie; Faculté de médecine Lyon Est- Université Claude Bernard Lyon, France; Service d'urgences et de réanimation pédiatrique. Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - C Gras Le Guen
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie; Université Nantes Atlantique, Nantes, France; Service d'urgences pédiatriques, CH de Nantes, France
| | - E Launay
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie; Université Nantes Atlantique, Nantes, France; Service d'urgences pédiatriques, CH de Nantes, France
| | - R Cohen
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie; Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, 94000 Créteil, France; ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France; Unité Court Séjour, Petits Nourrissons, Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France.
| | - E Grimprel
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie; Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris 6, France; Service de pédiatrie générale et aval des urgences, hôpital Armand-Trousseau (AP-HP), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cohen R, de Pontual L, Gillet Y, Raymond J. Antimicrobial treatment of infrequent bacterial species isolated in children. Arch Pediatr 2018; 24:S52-S60. [PMID: 29290236 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(17)30520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This section summarizes the empirical antimicrobial treatment according to the less frequent bacterial species responsible for infection whether community-acquired or nosocomial. It specifies their role in diseases and the recommended antibiotics, taking into account their natural and most common acquired resistance and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters. The advice of an infectious disease specialist or bacteriologist is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cohen
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, 94000 Créteil, France; Unité Court Séjour, Petits Nourrissons, Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France; ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie.
| | - L de Pontual
- Hospitalier Jean Verdier, Bobigny; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie
| | - Y Gillet
- Urgences Pédiatriques. HFME Lyon; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie
| | - J Raymond
- Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections, i.e., bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, are the second leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions. The vast majority of these infections are due to viruses and are self-limited diseases: most patients recover spontaneously. These two facts explain that antibiotic prescriptions must be limited to some clinical situations for which the diagnosis has to be done early. The first message of this manuscript is to strengthen non-antibiotic prescriptions in many situations such as bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has reduced the incidence of pneumonia and empyema, and induced a dramatic decrease in the proportion of pneumococcus in these diseases. However, pneumococcus remains probably the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia and empyema and the main target of antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, the implementation of PCVs has reduced resistance to antibiotics including penicillins and macrolides antibiotics, explaining the de-escalation proposed in the last few years, with the reduction of the use if third generation cephalosporins and vancomycin. The therapeutic choices proposed in this article follow the previous official guidelines in France. Serious infections represented by empyema and severe pneumonia remain therapeutic emergencies, most often warranting hospitalization and IV antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cohen
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, 94000 Créteil, France; Unité Court Séjour, Petits Nourrissons, Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France; ACTIV, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France.
| | - F Angoulvant
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France; Service des Urgences Pédiatriques, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades & Université Paris Descartes, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France
| | - S Biscardi
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, 94000 Créteil, France; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France; Urgences Pédiatriques, service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France
| | - F Madhi
- Université Paris Est, IMRB-GRC GEMINI, 94000 Créteil, France; Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France; Service de Pédiatrie Générale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France
| | - F Dubos
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France; Urgences de Pédiatrie, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Y Gillet
- Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique de la Société Française de Pédiatrie, Saint-Maur des Fossés, France; Urgences de Pédiatrie, HFME Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Poncé S, Gillet Y, Laflamme Janssen J, Marini A, Verstraete M, Gonze X. Erratum: “Temperature dependence of the electronic structure of semiconductors and insulators” [J. Chem. Phys. 143, 102813 (2015)]. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4977571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Angoulvant F, Claudet I, Dauger S, Dubos F, Gajdos V, Gillet Y, Gras-Le Guen C, Haas H, Minodier P, Portefaix A. [Setting up a pediatric emergency medicine research network]. Arch Pediatr 2016; 24:1-2. [PMID: 27823843 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Angoulvant
- Service d'accueil des urgences pédiatriques, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; ECEVE, Inserm UMR1123, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - I Claudet
- Service d'accueil des urgences pédiatriques, hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France; Inserm UMR 1027, université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - S Dauger
- Service de réanimation et surveillance continue pédiatriques, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, université Paris Diderot, 75019 Paris 7, France
| | - F Dubos
- Urgences pédiatriques et maladies infectieuses, hôpital R.-Salengro, université Lille, CHU de Lille, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59000 Lille, France; EA2694, santé publique - épidémiologie et qualité des soins, hôpital R.-Salengro, université Lille, CHU de Lille, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - V Gajdos
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, AP-HP, 92140 Clamart, France; CESP Inserm U1018, centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations, université Paris-Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Y Gillet
- Service d'urgence et de réanimation pédiatrique, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 69500 Bron, France
| | - C Gras-Le Guen
- Service d'accueil des urgences pédiatriques, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; Centre d'investigation clinique de la femme, l'enfant et l'adolescent, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - H Haas
- Service d'accueil des urgences pédiatriques, CHU Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
| | - P Minodier
- Urgences enfants, CHU Nord, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - A Portefaix
- Service d'urgence et de réanimation pédiatrique, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 69500 Bron, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Rougemont A, Kaplon J, Fremy C, Legrand-Guillien MC, Minoui-Tran A, Payan C, Vabret A, Mendes-Martins L, Chouchane M, Maudinas R, Huet F, Dubos F, Hober D, Lazrek M, Bouquignaud C, Decoster A, Alain S, Languepin J, Gillet Y, Lina B, Mekki Y, Morfin-Sherpa F, Guigon A, Guinard J, Foulongne V, Rodiere M, Avettand-Fenoel V, Bonacorsi S, Garbarg-Chenon A, Gendrel D, Lebon P, Lorrot M, Mariani P, Meritet JF, Schnuriger A, Agius G, Beby-Defaux A, Oriot D, Colimon R, Lagathu G, Mory O, Pillet S, Pozzetto B, Stephan JL, Aho S, Pothier P. Clinical severity and molecular characteristics of circulating and emerging rotaviruses in young children attending hospital emergency departments in France. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:737.e9-737.e15. [PMID: 27287887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. A prospective surveillance network has been set up to investigate the virological and clinical features of RVA infections and to detect the emergence of potentially epidemic strains in France. From 2009 to 2014, RVA-positive stool samples were collected from 4800 children <5 years old attending the paediatric emergency units of 16 large hospitals. Rotaviruses were then genotyped by RT-PCR with regard to their outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7. Genotyping of 4708 RVA showed that G1P[8] strains (62.2%) were predominant. The incidence of G9P[8] (11.5%), G3P[8] (10.4%) and G2P[4] (6.6%) strains varied considerably, whereas G4P[8] (2.7%) strains were circulating mostly locally. Of note, G12P[8] (1.6%) strains emerged during the seasons 2011-12 and 2012-13 with 4.1% and 3.0% prevalence, respectively. Overall, 40 possible zoonotic reassortants, such as G6 (33.3%) and G8 (15.4%) strains, were detected, and were mostly associated with P[6] (67.5%). Analysis of clinical records of 624 hospitalized children and severity scores from 282 of them showed no difference in clinical manifestations or severity in relation to the genotype. The relative stability of RVA genotypes currently co-circulating and the large predominance of P[8] type strains may ensure vaccine effectiveness in France. The surveillance will continue to monitor the emergence of new reassortants that might not respond to current vaccines, all the more so as all genotypes can cause severe infections in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A de Rougemont
- Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Dijon, France; UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| | - J Kaplon
- Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Dijon, France
| | - C Fremy
- Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Dijon, France
| | | | | | - C Payan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, France
| | - A Vabret
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, France
| | | | - M Chouchane
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - R Maudinas
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - F Huet
- UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - F Dubos
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - D Hober
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - M Lazrek
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, France
| | - C Bouquignaud
- Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, France
| | - A Decoster
- Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, France
| | - S Alain
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, France
| | - J Languepin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, France
| | | | - B Lina
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Y Mekki
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | | | - A Guigon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Orléans, France
| | - J Guinard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Orléans, France
| | - V Foulongne
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, France
| | - M Rodiere
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, France
| | | | - S Bonacorsi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | - D Gendrel
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - P Lebon
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - M Lorrot
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - P Mariani
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - J-F Meritet
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | - G Agius
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - A Beby-Defaux
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - D Oriot
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - R Colimon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - G Lagathu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, France
| | - O Mory
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Pillet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - B Pozzetto
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - J-L Stephan
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Aho
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France
| | - P Pothier
- Centre National de Référence des virus entériques, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU de Dijon, France; UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Del Corro E, Botello-Méndez A, Gillet Y, Elias AL, Terrones H, Feng S, Fantini C, Rhodes D, Pradhan N, Balicas L, Gonze X, Charlier JC, Terrones M, Pimenta MA. Atypical Exciton-Phonon Interactions in WS2 and WSe2 Monolayers Revealed by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. Nano Lett 2016; 16:2363-2368. [PMID: 26998817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resonant Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for providing information about excitons and exciton-phonon coupling in two-dimensional materials. We present here resonant Raman experiments of single-layered WS2 and WSe2 using more than 25 laser lines. The Raman excitation profiles of both materials show unexpected differences. All Raman features of WS2 monolayers are enhanced by the first-optical excitations (with an asymmetric response for the spin-orbit related XA and XB excitons), whereas Raman bands of WSe2 are not enhanced at XA/B energies. Such an intriguing phenomenon is addressed by DFT calculations and by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. These two materials are very similar. They prefer the same crystal arrangement, and their electronic structure is akin, with comparable spin-orbit coupling. However, we reveal that WS2 and WSe2 exhibit quite different exciton-phonon interactions. In this sense, we demonstrate that the interaction between XC and XA excitons with phonons explains the different Raman responses of WS2 and WSe2, and the absence of Raman enhancement for the WSe2 modes at XA/B energies. These results reveal unusual exciton-phonon interactions and open new avenues for understanding the two-dimensional materials physics, where weak interactions play a key role coupling different degrees of freedom (spin, optic, and electronic).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Del Corro
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Caixa Postal 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A Botello-Méndez
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Chemin des Etoiles 8, bte L7. 03. 01, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Y Gillet
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Chemin des Etoiles 8, bte L7. 03. 01, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A L Elias
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - H Terrones
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180-3590, United States
| | - S Feng
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - C Fantini
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Caixa Postal 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rhodes
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Florida State University , 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - N Pradhan
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Florida State University , 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - L Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Florida State University , 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - X Gonze
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Chemin des Etoiles 8, bte L7. 03. 01, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - J-C Charlier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) , Chemin des Etoiles 8, bte L7. 03. 01, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - M A Pimenta
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Caixa Postal 702, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Poncé S, Gillet Y, Laflamme Janssen J, Marini A, Verstraete M, Gonze X. Temperature dependence of the electronic structure of semiconductors and insulators. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:102813. [PMID: 26374006 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The renormalization of electronic eigenenergies due to electron-phonon coupling (temperature dependence and zero-point motion effect) is sizable in many materials with light atoms. This effect, often neglected in ab initio calculations, can be computed using the perturbation-based Allen-Heine-Cardona theory in the adiabatic or non-adiabatic harmonic approximation. After a short description of the recent progresses in this field and a brief overview of the theory, we focus on the issue of phonon wavevector sampling convergence, until now poorly understood. Indeed, the renormalization is obtained numerically through a slowly converging q-point integration. For non-zero Born effective charges, we show that a divergence appears in the electron-phonon matrix elements at q → Γ, leading to a divergence of the adiabatic renormalization at band extrema. This problem is exacerbated by the slow convergence of Born effective charges with electronic wavevector sampling, which leaves residual Born effective charges in ab initio calculations on materials that are physically devoid of such charges. Here, we propose a solution that improves this convergence. However, for materials where Born effective charges are physically non-zero, the divergence of the renormalization indicates a breakdown of the adiabatic harmonic approximation, which we assess here by switching to the non-adiabatic harmonic approximation. Also, we study the convergence behavior of the renormalization and develop reliable extrapolation schemes to obtain the converged results. Finally, the adiabatic and non-adiabatic theories, with corrections for the slow Born effective charge convergence problem (and the associated divergence) are applied to the study of five semiconductors and insulators: α-AlN, β-AlN, BN, diamond, and silicon. For these five materials, we present the zero-point renormalization, temperature dependence, phonon-induced lifetime broadening, and the renormalized electronic band structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Poncé
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility and Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Chemin des étoiles 8, bte L07.03.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | - Y Gillet
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility and Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Chemin des étoiles 8, bte L07.03.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | - J Laflamme Janssen
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility and Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Chemin des étoiles 8, bte L07.03.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | - A Marini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.3, CP 10, 00016 Monterotondo Stazione, Italy
| | - M Verstraete
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility and Physique des matériaux et nanostructures, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - X Gonze
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility and Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Chemin des étoiles 8, bte L07.03.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cohen R, Raymond J, Faye A, Gillet Y, Grimprel E. [Management of urinary tract infections in children. Recommendations of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group of the French Pediatrics Society and the French-Language Infectious Diseases Society]. Arch Pediatr 2015; 22:665-71. [PMID: 25934607 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Urine dipsticks have to be used more frequently for the screening of urinary tract infections (UTI) in febrile infants and children (grade A). Confirmation of the UTI by urine culture should prefer other methods of sampling than the urine bag: sampling jet, urethral catheterization, or pubic puncture (grade A). The percentage of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in children accounts for less than 10 % in France and does not justify revising the 2007 recommendations (grade B). An increase in the use of carbapenems in first-line treatment is a major environmental hazard and exposes the patient to the risk of untreatable infections. For febrile UTI, the expert group recommended: (1) recover the results of susceptibility testing as soon as possible to quickly adapt treatment for possible resistant strains; (2) favor initial treatment with aminoglycosides (particularly amikacin) which remain active in the majority of ESBL strains for patients seen in the pediatric emergency department and/or hospital; (3) ceftriaxone (IV or IM) remains an appropriate treatment for patients seen in the emergency department or outpatient clinic because the percentage of ESBL-producing enterobacteria strains remains low; (4) use oral cefixime (grade B) in nonsevere cases and low-risk patients defined as age>3 months, general condition preserved, disease duration of fever<4 days, no associated comorbidity, and no history of urinary tract infection, uropathy, or prior antibiotic therapy in the last 3 months; (5) oral relay for parenteral treatment is guided by in vitro susceptibility testing, in an attempt to reduce the use of oral cephalosporins to limit the selection of resistant bacterial strains. The total duration of treatment recommended is usually 10 days. Except for special circumstances, there is no need to prescribe retrograde cystography or antibiotic prophylaxis after a first febrile urinary tract infection. For cystitis, the panel recommends systematic urinalysis and initial prescription before the results of the urine culture of one of the three following oral antibiotics: amoxicillin-clavulanate, cotrimoxazole, cefixime. The total duration of antibiotic treatment is 5days to tailor treatment based on clinical progression and antibiotic susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cohen
- GPIP, 27, rue Inkermann, 94100 Saint-Maur, France; Unité court séjour, petits nourrissons, service de néonatologie, UPEC, université Paris XII, CHI de Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - J Raymond
- GPIP, 27, rue Inkermann, 94100 Saint-Maur, France; Service de bactériologie, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital Cochin, 2, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - A Faye
- GPIP, 27, rue Inkermann, 94100 Saint-Maur, France; Service de pédiatrie générale, hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMR 1123, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Y Gillet
- GPIP, 27, rue Inkermann, 94100 Saint-Maur, France; Urgences pédiatrique, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - E Grimprel
- GPIP, 27, rue Inkermann, 94100 Saint-Maur, France; Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Service de pédiatrie, hôpital Armand-Trousseau, 26, avenue du Docteur Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lorrot M, Bourrat E, Doit C, Prot-Labarthe S, Dauger S, Faye A, Blondé R, Gillet Y, Grimprel E, Moulin F, Quinet B, Cohen R, Bonacorsi S. Infections superficielles de la peau et dermo-hypodermites bactériennes. Arch Pediatr 2014; 21:906-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
18
|
Lanneaux J, Naudin J, Pham L, Gillet Y, Bosdure E, Chéron G, Morin L, Carbajal R, Dubos F, Vialet R, Dauger S, Angoulvant F. SFP PC-80 – Critères de gravité du paludisme d’importation pédiatrique en France. Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)72229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
de Monléon JV, Regnier F, Ajana F, Baptiste C, Callamand P, Cheymol J, Gillet Y, Hau-Rainsard I, Lorrot M, Reinert P, Marchand S, Okaïs C, Picherot G. [Catch-up vaccination of worldwide newcoming (adopted, refugee or migrant) children in France]. Arch Pediatr 2014; 21:329-34. [PMID: 24512806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In France, international adoption includes around to 90,000 children since 1980 and near 300,000 immigrant children were counted in 2008. This population is heterogeneous, according to age and country of origin, and its large number. It is not easy to completely and surely assess the vaccine status of the child. Due to a great variability of individual situations, it is not possible to have systematic and unchangeable rules. This article aims to give an update of catch-up vaccination of internationally adopted or refugee or migrant children in France. The vaccination status of a child who recently arrived in France is complex and has to be adapted to his country of origin. Some of them were never vaccinated whereas the vaccine status of others is uncertain or unknown. Three parameters have to be considered: the age of the child, the country of origin, and sometimes serology in the case of doubts of his vaccine status. Catch-up vaccination of foreign children has to be adapted to French vaccine recommendations, as a reference, and to vaccines already administered to the child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-V de Monléon
- Service pédiatrie 1, hôpital pédiatrique Le Bocage, 10, boulevard Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - F Regnier
- Direction de l'Enfance, Ville de Lyon, 1, place de la Comédie, 69205 Lyon cedex 01, France
| | - F Ajana
- Service universitaire des maladies infectieuses et du voyageur, centre hospitalier Gustave-Dron, 135, rue du Président-Coty, 59200 Tourcoing, France
| | - C Baptiste
- Sanofi Pasteur MSD, 8, rue Jonas-Salk, 69007 Lyon, France.
| | - P Callamand
- Service de pédiatrie, centre hospitalier, 2, rue Valentin-Haüy, 34525 Béziers, France
| | - J Cheymol
- Cabinet médical, 53, rue de Paris, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Y Gillet
- UHCD, hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - I Hau-Rainsard
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital de jour de pédiatrie, centre hospitalier intercommunal (CHI), 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - M Lorrot
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - P Reinert
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital de jour de pédiatrie, centre hospitalier intercommunal (CHI), 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - S Marchand
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital Gatien-de-Clocheville, 37044 Tours, France
| | - C Okaïs
- Sanofi Pasteur MSD, 8, rue Jonas-Salk, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - G Picherot
- Service clinique médicale pédiatrique, centre hospitalier de Nantes, quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Valour F, Chebib N, Gillet Y, Reix P, Laurent F, Chidiac C, Ferry T. [Staphylococcus aureus broncho-pulmonary infections]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2013; 69:368-382. [PMID: 24183294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus accounts for 2-5% of the etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia. These infections occur mainly in elderly patients with comorbidity, after a respiratory viral infection. S. aureus could also be responsible for necrotizing pneumonia, which occurs in young subjects, also after flu. Necrotizing pneumonia are associated with the production of a particular staphylococcal toxin called Panton-Valentine leukocidin, responsible for pulmonary focal necrosis, occurrence haemoptysis, leucopenia, and death. In Europe, these strains are still predominantly sensitive to anti-staphylococcal penicillin, which must be used at high dosage intravenously in combination with an antibiotic that reduces toxin production such as clindamycin, and intravenous immunoglobulin in severe cases. The mortality rate is estimated at 50%. In addition, S. aureus is one of the pathogens involved in early respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients, in whom methicillin resistance plays an important prognostic role. However, the involvement of S. aureus in COPD exacerbations is rare. Finally, S. aureus represents 20 to 30% of cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia. In these cases, methicillin-resistance is common and requires the use of glycopeptides or linezolid. The place of new anti-staphylococcal antibiotics such as new generation cephalosporins or tigecyclin remains to be defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Valour
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - N Chebib
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Y Gillet
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; Service d'urgences pédiatriques, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 69500 Bron, France
| | - P Reix
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Service de pneumologie, allergologie, mucoviscidose, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, 69500 Bron, France
| | - F Laurent
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France; Laboratoire de bactériologie, hospices civils de Lyon, groupement hospitalier Nord, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - C Chidiac
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - T Ferry
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, groupement hospitalier Nord, 103, Grande-Rue-de-la-Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de lyon, UCBL1, Centre international de recherche en infectiologie (CIRI), 69007 Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des staphylocoques, hospices civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Management of urinary tract infections (UTI) in children is at a crossroads both in regard to the diagnostic methods used, the need to detect vesico-ureteral reflux, the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics and the emergence strains of multiresistant E. coli. The Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique of French Society of Pediatrics takes position : (i) to utilize more frequently urinary dipsticks and for urinary cultures, other methods of urine sampling than bag (sample jet, urethral catheterization, supra-pubic puncture) ; (ii) do not alter the initial therapeutic proposals of the former AFSSAPS (despite the percentage of E. coli ESBL around 10 %), but now, as soon as possible to recover the result of susceptibility testing to quickly change (for effective antibiotic treatment against a resistant strain) and to increase the proportion of children receiving initial treatment with aminoglycosides monotherapy (which remains active on the majority of ESBL strains); (iii) to reduce the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis and retrograde cystography, except in special circumstances (recurrence, major abnormalities on ultrasound).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cohen
- Centre Hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94010 Créteil cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Daval-Cote M, Liberas S, Tristan A, Vandenesch F, Gillet Y. [Gonococcal vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls: sexual abuse or accidental transmission?]. Arch Pediatr 2012; 20:37-40. [PMID: 23219271 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginitis is the most frequent gynecologic pathology among prepubertal females. An infectious cause is found in 30% of cases and is highly associated with the presence of vaginal discharge upon examination. Neisseria gonorrhoeae may be one of the causative agents. Since N. gonorrhoeae is a common sexually transmitted disease, sexual abuse should be considered in the pediatric setting. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with N. gonorrhoeae vulvovaginitis. Her previous history, multiple interviews with the patient and her parents, and clinical examination showed no evidence or signs of sexual abuse. Both parents presented gonorrhea, urethritis for the father and vaginitis for the mother. The discrepancy between pediatric evaluation and the presence of a bacterium associated with sexually transmitted disease led us to consider other means of contamination. Previous studies have shown that other routes of transmission are possible but are often neglected. Hence, contamination can be transmitted by the hands or mostly through passive means (towels, rectal thermometer, etc.). Many epidemics have been noted in group settings with young girls with no evidence of sexual transmission. Therefore, we concluded that this patient's infection was likely an accidental transmission within her family. The acknowledgement of these transmission routes is very important in order to avoid misguided suspicion of sexual abuse and the possible traumatic family and psychosocial consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Daval-Cote
- Service d'urgences pédiatriques, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Bron, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sicot N, Khanafer N, Meyssonnier V, Dumitrescu O, Tristan A, Bes M, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Vanhems P, Etienne J, Gillet Y. Methicillin resistance is not a predictor of severity in community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia--results of a prospective observational study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 19:E142-8. [PMID: 23237492 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a severe disease associated with Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL). NP was initially described for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infection, but cases associated with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection have increased concomitantly with the incidence of community-acquired MRSA worldwide. The role of methicillin resistance in the severity of NP remains controversial. The characteristics and outcomes of 133 patients with PVL-positive S. aureus community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were compared according to methicillin resistance. Data from patients hospitalized for PVL-positive S. aureus CAP in France from 1986 to 2010 were reported to the National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and were included in the study. The primary end point was mortality. Multivariate logistic modelling and the Cox regression were used for subsequent analyses. We analysed 29 cases of PVL-MRSA and 104 cases of PVL-MSSA pneumonia. Airway haemorrhages were more frequently associated with PVL-MSSA pneumonia. However, no differences in the initial severity or the management were found between these two types of pneumonia. The rate of lethality was 39% regardless of methicillin resistance. By Cox regression analysis, methicillin resistance was not found to be a significant independent predictor of mortality at 7 or 30 days (p 0.65 and p 0.71, respectively). Our study demonstrates that methicillin resistance is not associated with the severity of staphylococcal necrotizing pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sicot
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci INSERM U851, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rousseau V, Descours G, Chaker M, Tristan A, Freydière AM, Gillet Y. Ostéoarthrite de hanche primitive et myosite multifocale à méningocoque B chez un enfant de 7 ans. Arch Pediatr 2012; 19:1330-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
25
|
Huoi C, Casalegno JS, Bénet T, Neuraz A, Billaud G, Eibach D, Mekki Y, Rudigoz R, Massardier J, Huissoud C, Massoud M, Gaucherand P, Claris O, Gillet Y, Floret D, Lina B, Vanhems P. A report on the large measles outbreak in Lyon, France, 2010 to 2011. Euro Surveill 2012. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.36.20264-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Huoi
- Infection Control Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - J S Casalegno
- Virology Department, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - T Bénet
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, CNRS UMR 5558, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Infection Control Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Neuraz
- Infection Control Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G Billaud
- Virology Department, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Eibach
- European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Mekki
- Virology Department, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - R Rudigoz
- Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - J Massardier
- Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Huissoud
- Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Massoud
- Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P Gaucherand
- Gynecology Obstetrics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - O Claris
- Pediatrics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Y Gillet
- Pediatrics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D Floret
- Pediatrics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Lina
- Virology Department, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P Vanhems
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, CNRS UMR 5558, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Infection Control Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huoi C, Casalegno JS, Bénet T, Neuraz A, Billaud G, Eibach D, Mekki Y, Rudigoz R, Massardier J, Huissoud C, Massoud M, Gaucherand P, Claris O, Gillet Y, Floret D, Lina B, Vanhems P. A report on the large measles outbreak in Lyon, France, 2010 to 2011. Euro Surveill 2012; 17:20264. [PMID: 22971330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2010 and 2011, the city of Lyon, located in the Rhône-Alpes region (France), has experienced one of the highest incidences of measles in Europe. We describe a measles outbreak in the Lyon area, where cases were diagnosed at Lyon University hospitals (LUH) between 2010 and mid-2011. Data were collected from the mandatory notification system of the regional public health agency, and from the virology department of the LUH. All patients and healthcare workers who had contracted measles were included. Overall, 407 cases were diagnosed, with children of less than one year of age accounting for the highest proportion (n=129, 32%), followed by individuals between 17 and 29 years-old (n=126, 31%). Of the total cases, 72 (18%) had complications. The proportions of patients and healthcare workers who were not immune to measles were higher among those aged up to 30 years. Consequently, women of childbearing age constituted a specific population at high risk to contract measles and during this outbreak, 13 cases of measles, seven under 30 years-old, were identified among pregnant women. This study highlights the importance of being vaccinated with two doses of measles vaccine, the only measure which could prevent and allow elimination of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Huoi
- Infection Control Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Moulin C, Kanitakis J, Ranchin B, Chauvet C, Gillet Y, Morelon E, Euvrard S. Cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis in renal transplant recipients: report of three new cases and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis 2012; 14:403-9. [PMID: 22316326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a rare vasculoproliferative disorder due to Bartonella henselae (BH) or Bartonella quintana. It can involve many organs, including the skin, and has been mainly reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In organ transplant recipients (OTR), this disorder remains misdiagnosed and therapeutic guidelines are nonexistent. We report 3 cases of BA with skin involvement in OTR and review similar cases from the literature. BA manifests on the skin with violaceous lesions mimicking Kaposi sarcoma, and is associated with fever, lymphadenopathy, and liver, spleen, or lung nodules. Bartonellosis infections in OTR are due to BH, the agent causing cat-scratch disease (CSD), but BA comprises histologically a prominent vascular proliferation, which is usually lacking in CSD. Cultures and serologic tests are poorly reliable for the diagnosis, which relies on demonstration of BH within the lesions. A history of cat exposure exists in most cases and pediatric OTR are at higher risk. Prevention consists of regular use of a flea-control product in cats and prompt cleaning of scratches. Our cases highlight several original features of this rare condition, which could potentially improve the management of BA in OTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Moulin
- Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital Group, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aubert M, Aumaître H, Beytout J, Bloch K, Bouhour D, Callamand P, Chave C, Cheymol J, Combadière B, Dahlab A, Denis F, De Pontual L, Dodet B, Dommergues MA, Dufour V, Gagneur A, Gaillat J, Gaudelus J, Gavazzi G, Gillet Y, Gras-le-Guen C, Haas H, Hanslik T, Hau-Rainsard I, Larnaudie S, Launay O, Lorrot M, Loulergue P, Malvy D, Marchand S, Picherot G, Pinquier D, Pulcini C, Rabaud C, Regnier F, Reinert P, Sana C, Savagner C, Soubeyrand B, Stephan JL, Strady C. [Current events in vaccination]. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:1234-46. [PMID: 22019286 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) ; which brought together nearly 5000 participants from over 80 countries in Vancouver, Canada, October 21 to 24, 2010 ; provided a review of the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, evaluated vaccination programmes and presented new vaccines under development. With 12,500 deaths in the United States in 2009-2010, the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic was actually less deadly than the seasonal flu. But it essentially hit the young, and the toll calculated in years of life lost is high. The monovalent vaccines, whether live attenuated or inactivated with or without adjuvants, were well tolerated in toddlers, children, adults and pregnant women. In order to protect infants against pertussis, family members are urged to get their booster shots. The introduction of the 13-valent Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in the beginning of 2010 may solve - but for how long ? - the problem of serotype replacement, responsible for the re-increasing incidence of invasive Pneumococcal infections observed in countries that had introduced the 7-valent vaccine. The efficacy of a rotavirus vaccine has been confirmed, with a reduction in hospitalization in the United States and a reduction in gastroenteritis-related deaths in Mexico. In the United States, vaccination of pre-adolescents against human papillomavirus (HPV) has not resulted in any specific undesirable effects. Routine vaccination against chicken pox, recommended since 1995, has not had an impact on the evolution of the incidence of shingles. Vaccination against shingles, recommended in the United States for subjects 60 years and over, shows an effectiveness of 55 %, according to a cohort study (Kaiser Permanente, Southern California). Although some propose the development of personalized vaccines according to individual genetic characteristics, the priority remains with increasing vaccine coverage, not only in infants but also in adults and the elderly. Vaccine calendars that cover a whole lifetime should be promoted, since the vaccination of adults and seniors is a determining factor of good health at all ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aubert
- Groupe Avancées Vaccinales, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Catho G, Gillet Y, Dumitrescu O, Lina G, Labbé G, Bellon G, Reix P. Transmission intrafamiliale de Staphylococcus aureus sécréteur de toxine leucocidine Panton-Valentine responsable de deux cas de pneumopathies nécrosantes néonatales. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:1090-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
30
|
Frobert E, Sarret C, Billaud G, Gillet Y, Escuret V, Floret D, Casalegno JS, Bouscambert M, Morfin F, Javouhey E, Lina B. Pediatric neurological complications associated with the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:307-13. [PMID: 21920811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza-related neurological complications (INC) have been reported during seasonal flu in children. OBJECTIVES To investigate the types, outcomes and incidence of INC occurring during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic, a retrospective analyze was conducted in the single French pediatric hospital of Lyon from October 2009 to February 2010. STUDY DESIGN All children presenting with fever, influenza-like illness, respiratory distress or neurological symptoms were tested for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection from respiratory specimens using real time RT-PCR. RESULTS INC occurred in 14 A(H1N1)pdm09 positive children (7.7% of A(H1N1)pdm09 positive children admitted to hospital) with a median age of 5.1 years. Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) was required for nine children (64.3%). Half of the children with INC had comorbidity and three had coinfection, both characteristics mainly found in children requiring the ICU. All children received oral oseltamivir treatment. Febrile seizures were observed in eight children, half of them having a chronic comorbidity (2 epilepsy, 1 nonketotic hyperglycinemia, 1 anoxic encephalopathy). Other INC, less commonly reported, included 2 cases of encephalitis, 1 encephalopathy, 1 basilar artery thrombosis, 1 myasthenic crisis and 1 coma. Eleven of the 14 children (78.6%) recovered, one had a minor disability, one child developed a locked-in syndrome and one died from complications of an acute necrotizing encephalopathy. DISCUSSION INC can be observed even in children with no underlying disorder. It may lead to dramatic issue in a significant number of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Frobert
- Laboratoire de Virologie Est, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gillet Y, Dumitrescu O, Tristan A, Dauwalder O, Javouhey E, Floret D, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Lina G. Pragmatic management of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-associated staphylococcal diseases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011; 38:457-64. [PMID: 21733661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing Staphylococcus aureus is associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from common uncomplicated soft tissue infections to severe diseases such as complicated soft tissue infections, extensive bone and joint infections, and necrotising pneumonia. Specialised management of infection based on the presence of PVL may not be required for mild infections, whereas it could be lifesaving in other settings. Moreover, most severe PVL diseases are recently identified entities and a 'gold standard' treatment from comparatives studies of different therapeutic options is lacking. Thus, recommendations are based on expert opinions, which are elaborated based on theory, in vitro data and analogies with other toxin-mediated diseases. In this review, we consider the potential need for specialised PVL-based management and, if required, which tools should be used to achieve optimal management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Gillet
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baur A, Pouyau R, Meunier S, Nougier C, Teyssedre S, Javouhey E, Floret D, Gillet Y. Purpura fulminans post-varicelleux et thrombose veineuse : à propos d’un cas pédiatrique. Arch Pediatr 2011; 18:783-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
Frobert E, Escuret V, Javouhey E, Casalegno JS, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, Moulinier C, Gillet Y, Lina B, Floret D, Morfin F. Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: evaluating the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array. J Med Virol 2011; 83:150-5. [PMID: 21108353 PMCID: PMC7167182 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Viruses play a significant part in children's respiratory infections, sometimes leading to hospitalization in cases of severe respiratory distress. The aim of this study was to investigate respiratory infections in children treated in a hospital intensive care unit (ICU). Assays were performed using the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array assay (Genomica, Coslada, Madrid, Spain), which makes it possible to detect 11 genus of respiratory viruses simultaneously. During the winter of 2008–2009, 73 respiratory specimens collected from 53 children under 2 years of age and admitted to an ICU were tested. At least one virus was detected in 78% (57/73) of the samples. The virological diagnosis was based on single infections in 65% (37/57) and on multiple infections in 35% (20/57) of cases. The array assay revealed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 73.6% (42/57) of the samples and rhinovirus in 24.6% (14/57), either on their own or in co‐infections. All viruses identified in single and multiple infections were tested, taking into account clinical features, risk factors, and severity criteria. Children with no risk factors presented more multiple infections, up to 42% of cases, than children with at least one risk factor. RSV seemed to induce severe symptoms by itself as no difference in intubation needs was observed when RSV was detected on its own or in co‐infection. The CLART® Pneumovir DNA array was useful for examining severe viral respiratory infections, when other viruses than those detected by conventional methods could be involved, particularly in an ICU. J. Med. Virol. 83:150–155, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Frobert
- Laboratoire de Virologie Est, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron Cedex, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Righi N, Brahmi S, Gillet Y, Floret D. P455 - Un cas exceptionnel de Kawasaki. Arch Pediatr 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(10)70848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
Bouscambert Duchamp M, Casalegno J, Gillet Y, Frobert E, Bernard E, Escuret V, Billaud G, Valette M, Javouhey E, Lina B, Floret D, Morfin F. Pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus detection by real time RT-PCR : is viral quantification useful? Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:317-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
36
|
Planchamp F, Nguyen KA, Vial T, Nasri S, Javouhey E, Gillet Y, Ranchin B, Villard F, Floret D, Cochat P, Gueyffier F, Kassaï B. Recueil systématique et actif des évènements indésirables médicamenteux chez les enfants admis aux urgences pédiatriques. Arch Pediatr 2009; 16:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
37
|
Croze M, Dauwalder O, Dumitrescu O, Badiou C, Gillet Y, Genestier AL, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Lina G. Serum antibodies against Panton-Valentine leukocidin in a normal population and during Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:144-8. [PMID: 19154491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is expressed during human infection, anti-PVL antibody titres were compared in patients with PVL-positive and PVL-negative staphylococcal infections, and in patients with no evidence of S. aureus infection. Patients with PVL-positive strains had higher levels of anti-PVL antibodies than individuals of both control groups. The median anti-PVL titre increased 8.6-fold during the course of PVL-positive infection and 1.4-fold during PVL-negative infection. These results indicate that only PVL-positive S. aureus strains elicit significant anti-PVL antibody production in humans, and demonstrate the production of PVL during PVL-positive S. aureus infection. The protective role of this immune response remains to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Croze
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, INSERM U851, IFR128 Laennec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gillet Y, Steri G, Behre U, Arsène J, Lanse X, Helm K, Esposito S, Meister N, Desole M, Douha M, Willems P. Immunogenicity and safety of measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine followed by one dose of varicella vaccine in children aged 15 months–2 years or 2–6 years primed with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Vaccine 2009; 27:446-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
39
|
Hées L, Gillet Y, Levy C, Varon E, Bingen E, Cohen R, Floret D. Stérilisations retardées du liquide céphalorachidien au cours des méningites à pneumocoque de l'enfant. Arch Pediatr 2008; 15 Suppl 3:S119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(08)75494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Badiou C, Dumitrescu O, Croze M, Gillet Y, Dohin B, Slayman DH, Allaouchiche B, Etienne J, Vandenesch F, Lina G. Panton-Valentine leukocidin is expressed at toxic levels in human skin abscesses. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:1180-3. [PMID: 19046173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pus samples were prospectively collected from patients with Staphylococcus aureus skin infections and tested for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). PVL was detected at concentrations that were toxic for rabbit skin in all specimens from patients infected with strains harbouring PVL genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Badiou
- INSERM U851, Université de Lyon, Centre National de référence des Staphylocoques, Faculté Laennec, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gillet Y, Dohin B, Dumitrescu O, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Floret D. [Osteoarticular infections with staphylococcus aureus secreting Panton-Valentine leucocidin]. Arch Pediatr 2008; 14 Suppl 2:S102-7. [PMID: 17956817 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(07)80043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL) is associated in the USA with community-acquired meticillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Bone and joint infection due to such strains appears to be more severe, necessiting longer antibiotic course and various surgical procedure. Our study of 14 PVL positive bone and joint infection, performed in France where PVL is rarely (2/14) associated with meticillin resistance, demonstrates that severity is linked with PVL secretion more than with resistance. Considering PVL associated bone and joint infections as a toxin-mediated disease, prompt diagnosis is needed in order to start specific therapeutic procedures. PVL mediated infection could be evoked in front of severe acute osteomyelitis or arthritis, with radiological abnormalities present in the first days of evolution and with pejorative evolution despite antibiotic treatment. Evolution toward multifocal osteomyelitis and/or multiple abscesses seems to be a major characteristic of such infection. Therapeutic approach should use an association of parenteral antibiotics with at least one molecule active against protein synthesis like Clindamycin, associated with betalactams or Vancomycin in area of high incidence of CA-MRSA. Surgical procedure should be considered whenever focal abscesses of bones or adjacent tissue is detected and should be repeated in most cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Gillet
- Service d'urgences et réanimation pédiatrique, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rénard C, Marignier S, Gillet Y, Roure-Sobas C, Guibaud L, Des Portes V, Lion-François L. [Acute hemiparesis revealing a neuroborreliosis in a child]. Arch Pediatr 2007; 15:41-4. [PMID: 18155890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 11-year-old boy who had 2 acute hemiparesis episodes over a period of 1 month. He suffered from headache and fatigue since 1 year. He could not remember neither a tick bite nor a local erythematous skin lesion. The diagnosis of neuroborreliosis was based on intrathecal production of specifics antibodies. Furthermore, the CSF/blood glucose ratio was decreased (0.14), which was rarely described. Cranial MRI showed left capsulothalamic inflammation and a vasculitis. The patient was successfully treated by ceftriaxone. Neuroborreliosis should be considered in all children with stroke-like episode, even in the absence of a history of a tick bite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Rénard
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Debrousse, 29, rue des Soeurs Bouvier, 69322 Lyon cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gillet Y. [Experience of Handicap International in providing humanitarian relief in region near Aceh, Indonesia from March 1 to 27, 2005]. Med Trop (Mars) 2005; 65:117-20. [PMID: 16038346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the experience of the author in March 2005 during the relief efforts deployed in the region near Aceh, Indonesia (North Sumatra) by Handicap International, one of the 400 NGO that provided humanitarian aid following the tsunami disaster that struck Southeast Asia on December 26, 2004. Working in Banda Aceh and Meulaboh, the author was confronted with the extent of the devastation both in terms of property damage and human suffering. Clinical cases were often severe and rarely encountered in industrialized countries. The tsunami worsened the already poor sanitary conditions: rundown care facilities, poorly trained health care personnel, tropical disease, poor hygiene, and AVP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Gillet
- Handicap International, 14, avenue Berthelot, 69361 Lyon cedex 07, France.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chevallier B, Bernardini S, Dib S, Lesprit E, Jobert A, Nouyrigat V, Rousson A, Doumaz Y, Leluyer B, Gillet Y. [Evaluation of emergency blood ionogram prescribing in pediatrics hospitals. Prospective multicenter study]. Arch Pediatr 2002; 9 Suppl 2:215s-218s. [PMID: 12108272 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(01)00873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Chevallier
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital-Ambroise Paré, 9, avenue du Général de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Floret D, Gillet Y, Lina G. [Current problems posed by staphylococcal infections in pediatric patients]. Presse Med 2001; 30:1836-43. [PMID: 11776706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A PEDIATRIC PATHOGEN: Staphylococci remain one of the most important pathogenic agents leading to community-acquired infection in children. Over the last decades, there has been an evolution in the localizations of these infections: dramatic pleuropulmonary staphylococcal infection in newborns has almost entirely disappeared in developed countries. Conversely, skin infections and soft tissue infections as well as bone and joint localizations are frequent. The severity of these bone and joint infections has however declined allowing less aggressive therapeutic regimens. One of the current problems is the risk of emergence of meticillin-resistant strains causing community-acquired infections. Such infections have been very rare in France but careful monitoring is nevertheless necessary. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION: Staphylococci are however the leading cause of nosocomial infections in children, particularly in intensive care units. All localizations are concerned, especially catheter-related septicemia and pneumonia. There has been an increasing trend for Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections. Most of the strains isolated are meticillin-resistant. TOXINS: Staphylococcus aureus secretes toxins leading to specific diseases: enterotoxins cause food-poisoning and exofoliatines cause generalized exfoliation and bullous impetigo. Staphylococcal scarlatina is related to the shock provoked by staphylococcal toxins: TSST-1 and entrotoxins. Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome is a relatively new entity more frequently observed in adults but which was initially described in children. The disease may develop during any staphylococcal infection, particularly after superinfection of a skin burn or varicella. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TOXINS: Staphylococcal toxins act like superantigens, capable of provoking polyclonal activation of a large number of T cells. This leads to the release of an important quantity of cytokines that intervene in the pathogenesis of toxic diseases. This polyclonal activation has been observed in other pediatric diseases of unknown origin but in which the involvement of staphylococcal toxins can be suspected. There is solid evidence in favor of staphylococcal toxins in Kawasaki syndrome. Likewise, these toxins could be implicated in sudden death syndrome in infants and in acute exacerbations of atopic exzema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Floret
- Service d'Urgence et de Réanimation Pédiatriques, Hôpital Edouard Herriot Place d'Arsonval F69437 Lyon.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Between 1986 and 1999, 8 cases of severe pneumonia due Staphylococcus aureus strains producing the Panton and Valentine leukotoxin (PVL) were referred to the French reference centre for staphylococcal toxaemia. All but one patient were children and to determine the clinical features of these pneumonia we conducted a prospective surveillance during 1999. Staphylococcal pneumonia was defined according to usual standards. All the strains were tested for the gene coding PVL, the cases associated with PVL positive strains were considered as study group. Nosocomial pneumonia were excluded. 52 cases were referred and 16 were PVL positive. These pneumonia occurred in younger patients (median age = 14.8 vs. 70.1) which were previously healthy (40% of underlying disease in control) Remarkable features were the presence of viral infection in the preceding day (75% vs. 9%), the frequency of shock (81% vs. 53%), respiratory distress (75% vs. 53%) and hemoptysia (38% vs. 3%). Leucopenia was present in 79% of cases. Mortality was higher in the PVL group (75% vs. 47%). Severe staphylococcal pneumonia with shock, leucopenia, hemoptysia and high mortality rate have been previously described in children and young adults. We established the relationship between this syndrome and the PVL production by S. aureus. We believe that viral infection constitute the prerequisite altering the respiratory epithelium which secondary allows S. aureus invasion. The necrotizing action of the PVL leads to the massive haemorrhagic necrotic pneumonia. Staphylococcal necrotizing pneumonia is a new entity which frequency is probably underestimated. Further studies are needed to determinate the prognosis factors, the role of S. aureus carriage and of viral infections. The description of this new syndrome could lead to changes in the management of staphylococcal pneumonia in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Gillet
- Service d'urgences et de réanimation pédiatriques, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Floret D, Gillet Y, Lina G, Étienne J. Syndrome de choc toxique streptococcique chez l'enfant. Med Mal Infect 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(00)89102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
48
|
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis in the newborn and infant remains a serious problem, with a mortality rate of 24% and a morbidity rate ranging from 30 to 50%. This retrospective study conducted between January 1982 and December 1997, aims to characterize the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in infants less than 60 days of age. Thirty-five infants between 6 and 60 days of age, hospitalized for bacterial meningitis in the pediatric units of Edouard-Herriot Hospital in Lyon, France, were included. The clinical presentation was not specific for most cases, hyperthermia being the most common symptom (97%). Neurological symptoms such as bulging fontanelle or nuchal rigidity were present in 30% and 8% of the cases, respectively. The four predominant meningeal pathogens were: group B streptococcus (36%), Escherichia coli (28%), meningogoccus (8.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.6%). This study emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis, including CSF evaluation, and antimicrobial therapy in infants less than 2 months of age presenting an isolated fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zanelli
- Service d'urgence et de réanimation pédiatrique, hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- D Floret
- Service d'urgence et de réanimation pédiatriques, hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lachaux A, Eid B, Stamm D, Gillet Y, Villard F, Branche P, Mamoux V, Le Gall C, Canterino I, Le Derf Y, Bouvier R, Boillot O. [Liver transplantation in infants and children. Evaluation of the first 40 cases (March 1991-March 1997)]. Arch Pediatr 2000; 7:369-76. [PMID: 10793923 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)88831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of end-stage liver disease in children. We report our experience with LT using grafts from living related (LRD) and cadaver donors (CD). POPULATION From March 1991 to March 1997, 40 children and infants received a total of 42 liver grafts. A reduced-size liver was used in 28 cases. We studied pre-transplantation status, survival rate, and medical and surgical complications in these patients. RESULTS The survival rate in our series was respectively 85 and 80% at 1 and 7 years after LT. Low weight infants required a prolonged ventilatory assistance. Five of the six deaths noticed during the first three months after LT occurred in children weighing less than 12 kg. One year after LT, no significant difference in the incidence of rejection was found, neither between low-weight children and the others, nor between patients transplanted from CD or LRD. Biliary tract stricture was the major surgical complication. CONCLUSION This series consisted of a majority of low-weight children. The survival rate in the patients weighting less than 12 kg is lower than in the others. This may be explained by the nutritional status of these patients and early postsurgical complications. The use of grafts from living donors offers more flexibility since the operation is performed electively, but it did not seem to modify the incidence of acute rejections and surgical complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lachaux
- Unité d'hépatogastroentérologie et nutrition pédiatriques, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|