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Endo R, Bahrudin U, Notsu T, Tanno S, Onohara T, Yamaguchi S, Ikeda N, Surastri B, Nakayama Y, Ninomiya H, Shirayoshi Y, Inagaki Y, Yamamoto K, Yoshida A, Hisatome I. Carvedilol Suppresses Apoptosis and Ion Channel Remodelling of HL-1 Cardiac Myocytes Expressing E334K cMyBPC. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2015; 66:126-9. [PMID: 26479129 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides its antiarrhythmic action, carvedilol has an activity to suppress cardiac tissue damage. However, it is unknown whether it has any effect on cellular apoptosis and ion channel remodelling. PURPOSE To know whether carvedilol has any effect on apoptosis and ion channel remodeling of HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC, and comparing it with bisoprolol. METHOD We examined effects of carvedilol and bisoprolol on the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and ion channels as well as apoptosis of HL-1 cells transfected with E334K MyBPC using Western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS Carvedilol decreased the protein levels of p53, Bax and cytochrome c and increased that of Bcl-2 in HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC. Bisoprolol failed to affect the protein levels. Both carvedilol and bisoprolol increased the protein levels of Cav1.2 but not that of Nav1.5. Carvedilol was stronger than bisoprolol at decreasing the number of annexin-V positive cells in HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC. CONCLUSION Carvedilol suppressed apoptosis of HL-1 cells expressing E334K MyBPC through modification of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, whose was associated with an increase of Cav 1.2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - U Bahrudin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - T Notsu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - S Tanno
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - T Onohara
- Division of Organ Regeneration Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - S Yamaguchi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - N Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - B Surastri
- Department of Pharmacology, Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Y Nakayama
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Bioscience and Technology, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - H Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Y Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - Y Inagaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - I Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
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Bahrudin U, Ikeda N, Utami S, Maharani N, Morikawa K, Li P, Sobirin M, Hasegawa A, Sakata S, Endo R, Rifqi S, Shirayoshi Y, Yamamoto K, Ninomiya H, Hisatome I. Simultaneous Treatment with Azelnidipine and Olmesartan Inhibits Apoptosis of Hl-1 Cardiac Myocytes Expressing E334k cMyBPC. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:515-20. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1347188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Bahrudin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - N. Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - S. Utami
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - N. Maharani
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - K. Morikawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - P. Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - M. Sobirin
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - A. Hasegawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - S. Sakata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - R. Endo
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - S. Rifqi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Y. Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
| | - K. Yamamoto
- Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - H. Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yonago, Japan
| | - I. Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
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3
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Ting YK, Morikawa K, Kurata Y, Li P, Bahrudin U, Mizuta E, Kato M, Miake J, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida A, Murata M, Inoue T, Nakai A, Shiota G, Higaki K, Nanba E, Ninomiya H, Shirayoshi Y, Hisatome I. Transcriptional activation of the anchoring protein SAP97 by heat shock factor (HSF)-1 stabilizes K(v) 1.5 channels in HL-1 cells. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1832-42. [PMID: 21232033 PMCID: PMC3081125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The expression of voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv) 1.5 is regulated by members of the heat shock protein (Hsp) family. We examined whether the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1) and its inducer geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) could affect the expression of Kv1.5 channels and its anchoring protein, synapse associated protein 97 (SAP97). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Transfected mouse atrial cardiomyocytes (HL-1 cells) and COS7 cells were subjected to luciferase reporter gene assay and whole-cell patch clamp. Protein and mRNA extracts were subjected to Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. KEY RESULTS Heat shock of HL-1 cells induced expression of Hsp70, HSF-1, SAP97 and Kv1.5 proteins. These effects were reproduced by wild-type HSF-1. Both heat shock and expression of HSF-1, but not the R71G mutant, increased the SAP97 mRNA level. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against SAP97 abolished HSF-1-induced increase of Kv1.5 and SAP97 proteins. A luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that the SAP97 promoter region (from −919 to −740) that contains heat shock elements (HSEs) was required for this induction. Suppression of SIRT1 function either by nicotinamide or siRNA decreased the level of SAP97 mRNA. SIRT1 activation by resveratrol had opposing effects. A treatment of the cells with GGA increased the level of SAP97 mRNA, Kv1.5 proteins and IKur current, which could be modified with either resveratrol or nicotinamide. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HSF-1 induced transcription of SAP97 through SIRT1-dependent interaction with HSEs; the increase in SAP97 resulted in stabilization of Kv1.5 channels. These effects were mimicked by GGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Ting
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonago, Japan
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4
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Kazuki Y, Hoshiya H, Takiguchi M, Abe S, Iida Y, Osaki M, Katoh M, Hiratsuka M, Shirayoshi Y, Hiramatsu K, Ueno E, Kajitani N, Yoshino T, Kazuki K, Ishihara C, Takehara S, Tsuji S, Ejima F, Toyoda A, Sakaki Y, Larionov V, Kouprina N, Oshimura M. Refined human artificial chromosome vectors for gene therapy and animal transgenesis. Gene Ther 2010; 18:384-93. [PMID: 21085194 PMCID: PMC3125098 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) have several advantages as gene therapy vectors, including stable episomal maintenance, and the ability to carry large gene inserts. We previously developed HAC vectors from the normal human chromosomes using a chromosome engineering technique. However, endogenous genes were remained in these HACs, limiting their therapeutic applications. In this study, we refined a HAC vector without endogenous genes from human chromosome 21 in homologous recombination-proficient chicken DT40 cells. The HAC was physically characterized using a transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning strategy followed by sequencing of TAR-bacterial artificial chromosome clones. No endogenous genes were remained in the HAC. We demonstrated that any desired gene can be cloned into the HAC using the Cre-loxP system in Chinese hamster ovary cells, or a homologous recombination system in DT40 cells. The HAC can be efficiently transferred to other type of cells including mouse ES cells via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. The transferred HAC was stably maintained in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, tumor cells containing a HAC carrying the suicide gene, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), were selectively killed by ganciclovir in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this novel HAC vector may be useful not only for gene and cell therapy, but also for animal transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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5
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Kazuki Y, Hoshiya H, Kai Y, Abe S, Takiguchi M, Osaki M, Kawazoe S, Katoh M, Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Inoue K, Kajitani N, Yoshino T, Shirayoshi Y, Ogura A, Shinohara T, Barrett JC, Oshimura M. Correction of a genetic defect in multipotent germline stem cells using a human artificial chromosome. Gene Ther 2008; 15:617-24. [PMID: 18305578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) have several advantages as gene therapy vectors, including stable episomal maintenance that avoids insertional mutations and the ability to carry large gene inserts including regulatory elements. Multipotent germline stem (mGS) cells have a great potential for gene therapy because they can be generated from an individual's testes, and when reintroduced can contribute to the specialized function of any tissue. As a proof of concept, we herein report the functional restoration of a genetic deficiency in mouse p53-/- mGS cells, using a HAC with a genomic human p53 gene introduced via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. The p53 phenotypes of gene regulation and radiation sensitivity were complemented by introducing the p53-HAC and the cells differentiated into several different tissue types in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the combination of using mGS cells with HACs provides a new tool for gene and cell therapies. The next step is to demonstrate functional restoration using animal models for future gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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6
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Kazuki Y, Schulz TC, Shinohara T, Kadota M, Nishigaki R, Inoue T, Kimura M, Kai Y, Abe S, Shirayoshi Y, Oshimura M. A new mouse model for Down syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004:1-20. [PMID: 15068235 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6721-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (Ts21) is the most common live-born human aneuploidy and results in a constellation of features known as Down syndrome (DS). Ts21 is a frequent cause of congenital heart defects and the leading genetic cause of mental retardation. Although overexpression of a gene(s) or gene cluster on human chromosome 21 (Chr 21) or the genome imbalance by Ts21 has been suggested to play a key role in bringing about the diverse DS phenotypes, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the various phenotypes associated with DS. Four approaches have been used to model DS to investigate the gene dosage effects of an extra copy of Chr 21 on various phenotypes; 1) Transgenic mice overexpressing a single gene from Chr 21, 2) YAC/BAC/PAC transgenic mice containing a single gene or genes on Chr 21, 3) Mice with intact/partial trisomy 16, a region with homology to human Chr 21 and 4) Human Chr 21 transchromosomal (Tc) mice. Here we review our new model system for the study of DS using the Tc technology, including the biological effects of an additional Chr 21 in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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7
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Kadota M, Nishigaki R, Wang CC, Toda T, Shirayoshi Y, Inoue T, Gojobori T, Ikeo K, Rogers MS, Oshimura M. Proteomic signatures and aberrations of mouse embryonic stem cells containing a single human chromosome 21 in neuronal differentiation: An in vitro model of down syndrome. Neuroscience 2004; 129:325-35. [PMID: 15501590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in fetal development of Down syndrome (DS) patients is proposed to result in apparent neuropathological abnormalities and to contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of mental retardation and premature development of Alzheimer disease. In order to identify the aberrant and specific genes involved in the early differentiation of DS neurons, we have utilized an in vitro neuronal differentiation system of mouse ES cells containing a single human chromosome 21 (TT2F/hChr21) with TT2F parental ES cells as a control. The paired protein extracts from TT2F and TT2F/hChr21 cells at several stages of neuronal differentiation were subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein separation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to identify the proteins differentially expressed between TT2F and TT2F/hChr21 cells. We provide here a novel set of specific gene products altered in early differentiating DS neuronal cells, which differs from that identified in adult or fetal brain with DS. The aberrant protein expression in early differentiating neurons, due to the hChr21 gene dosage effects or chromosomal imbalance, may affect neuronal outgrowth, proliferation and differentiation, producing developmental abnormalities in neural patterning, which eventually leads to formation of a suboptimal functioning neuronal network in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kadota
- Department of Human Genome Science (Kirin Brewery), Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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8
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Abstract
One of the obstacles in studying human genomic imprinting is distinguishing the parental origin of alleles in diploid cells. To solve this problem, we have constructed a library of mouse A9 hybrids in which individual clones contain a single human chromosome of known parental origin. Here we extend this in vitro system to the analysis of the role of histone acetylation in the allelic expression of human imprinted genes. The levels of histone H4 acetylation of the imprinted human LIT1, H19, and SNRPN genes were examined by a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay in mouse A9 hybrids with a single human chromosome of known parental origin. We demonstrated that H4 histones associated with the actively expressed alleles of imprinted LIT1, H19, and SNRPN genes were highly acetylated, whereas they were hypoacetylated in the silent alleles. Furthermore, treatment of A9 hybrids with trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, resulted in transcriptional reactivation of the silent alleles for LIT1 and SNRPN, suggesting that histone deacetylation is one of the key regulatory mechanisms in genomic imprinting. These results indicate that our monochromosomal hybrid system is a new technology for analyzing histone modifications between parental alleles in human imprinted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cell Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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9
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Matsumoto K, Takayama N, Ohnishi J, Ohnishi E, Shirayoshi Y, Nakatsuji N, Ariga H. Tumour invasion and metastasis are promoted in mice deficient in tenascin-X. Genes Cells 2001; 6:1101-11. [PMID: 11737270 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenascin-X (TNX) is a member of the tenascin family of large oligomeric glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To determine whether TNX plays a part in tumour invasion and metastasis and to disclose its normal physiological role, we disrupted its gene in mouse embryonic stem cells by homologous recombination and created mice deficient in TNX. RESULTS TNX-null mutant (TNX-/-) mice arose at normal frequency and showed no obvious defects during their adult life. However, when TNX-/- mice were subcutaneously inoculated in foot-pads with a highly invasive and metastatic cell line, B16-BL6 melanoma cells, the primary tumour size at 30 days after inoculation in the TNX-/- mice had increased by 1.2-fold compared with that in wild-type mice, and the invasion to the ankle and pulmonary metastasis in TNX-/- mice were also augmented by 2.2-fold and 6.8-fold, respectively, compared to those in wild-type mice. To disclose the molecular mechanism(s) of the promotion of tumour invasion and metastasis in TNX-/- mice, we measured the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are recognized as playing a key role in these events, in the foot-pad homogenates of TNX-/- mice prior to the inoculation of melanoma cells. Gelatin zymography showed that the activities of proMMP-2, active MMP-2 and proMMP-9 were significantly higher in TNX-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Furthermore, a Northern blot analysis demonstrated that this increased activity of MMP-2 in TNX-/- mice was due to the induced expression of MMP-2 at the transcriptional level. The elevated expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 resulted in decreased laminin levels, to less than half that of wild-type mice in the homogenates of TNX-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS TNX deficiency led to an increase in the production of MMPs, and the increased activity of MMPs may result in the degradation of laminin. Consequently, the melanoma cells inoculated in TNX-/- mice might facilitate invasion and metastasis. These results imply that TNX is required for impeding the invasion and metastasis of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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10
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Maegawa S, Yoshioka H, Itaba N, Kubota N, Nishihara S, Shirayoshi Y, Nanba E, Oshimura M. Epigenetic silencing of PEG3 gene expression in human glioma cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2001; 31:1-9. [PMID: 11398192 DOI: 10.1002/mc.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, the phenomenon in which alleles of genes are expressed differentially depending on their parental origins, has important consequences for mammalian development, and disturbance of normal imprinting leads to abnormal embryogenesis and some inherited diseases and is also associated with various cancers. In the context of screening for novel imprinted genes on human chromosome 19q13.4 with mouse A9 hybrids, we identified a maternal allele-specific methylated CpG island in exon 1 of paternally expressed imprinted gene 3 (PEG3), a gene that exhibits paternal allele-specific expression. Because PEG3 expression is downregulated in some gliomas and glioma cell lines, despite high-level expression in normal brain tissues, we investigated whether the loss of PEG3 expression is related to epigenetic modifications involving DNA methylation. We found monoallelic expression of PEG3 in all normal brain tissues examined and five of nine glioma cell lines that had both unmethylated and methylated alleles; the remaining four glioma cell lines exhibited gain of imprinting with hypermethylated alleles. In addition, treatment of glioma cell lines with the DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reversed the silencing of PEG3 biallelically. In this article, we report that the epigenetic silencing of PEG3 expression in glioma cell lines depends on aberrant DNA methylation of an exonic CpG island, suggesting that PEG3 contributes to glioma carcinogenesis in certain cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maegawa
- Gene Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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11
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Horike S, Mitsuya K, Meguro M, Kotobuki N, Kashiwagi A, Notsu T, Schulz TC, Shirayoshi Y, Oshimura M. Targeted disruption of the human LIT1 locus defines a putative imprinting control element playing an essential role in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:2075-83. [PMID: 10958646 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.14.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chromosome 11p15.5 harbors an intriguing imprinted gene cluster of 1 Mb. This imprinted domain is implicated in a wide variety of malignancies and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). Recently, several lines of evidence have suggested that the BWS-associated imprinting cluster consists of separate chromosomal domains. We have previously identified LIT1, a paternally expressed antisense RNA within the KvLQT1 locus through a positional screening approach using human monochromosomal hybrids. KvLQT1 encompasses the translocation breakpoint cluster in BWS and patients exhibit frequent loss of maternal methylation at the LIT1 CpG island, implying a regulatory role for the LIT1 locus in coordinate control of the imprinting cluster. Here we generated modified human chromosomes carrying a targeted deletion of the LIT1 CpG island using recombination-proficient chicken DT40 cells. Consistent with the prediction, this mutation abolished LIT1 expression on the paternal chromosome, accompanied by activation of the normally silent paternal alleles of multiple imprinted loci at the centromeric domain including KvLQT1 and p57(KIP2). The deletion had no effect on imprinting of H19 located at the telomeric end of the cluster. Our findings demonstrate that the LIT1 CpG island can act as a negative regulator in cis for coordinate imprinting at the centromeric domain, thereby suggesting a role for the LIT1 locus in a BWS pathway leading to functional inactivation of p57(KIP2). Thus, the targeting and precise modification of human chromosomal alleles using the DT40 cell shuttle system can be used to define regulatory elements that confer long-range control of gene activity within chromosomal domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horike
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project, Department of Molecular and Cell Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishimachi 86, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
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12
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Yoshikawa SI, Aota S, Shirayoshi Y, Okazaki K. The ActR-I activin receptor protein is expressed in notochord, lens placode and pituitary primordium cells in the mouse embryo. Mech Dev 2000; 91:439-44. [PMID: 10704880 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ActR-I is a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor which has been shown to bind activin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). To study the function of ActR-I, we have generated novel monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the extracellular domain of mouse ActR-I. We examined the level of ActR-I protein during mouse development by immunohistochemistry. We found that in the embryonic body, ActR-I protein first appears in a restricted part of the primitive streak region and is present throughout the length of notochord. Furthermore, ActR-I protein is expressed in the facial sensory organ primordia, including eye area, otic vesicle and olfactory placode, which all contain invaginating ectoderm. In addition, ActR-I is produced in pituitary primordium (Rathke's pouch), mammary buds and the epithelial layer of branchial arches. Interestingly, in the lens placodes and in early Rathke's pouch, ActR-I protein is transiently localized at the apical surface of the epithelial cells, indicating the presence of an apical-basal asymmetry in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Yoshikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Mochizuki T, Saijoh Y, Tsuchiya K, Shirayoshi Y, Takai S, Taya C, Yonekawa H, Yamada K, Nihei H, Nakatsuji N, Overbeek PA, Hamada H, Yokoyama T. Cloning of inv, a gene that controls left/right asymmetry and kidney development. Nature 1998; 395:177-81. [PMID: 9744276 DOI: 10.1038/26006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most vertebrate internal organs show a distinctive left/right asymmetry. The inv (inversion of embryonic turning) mutation in mice was created previously by random insertional mutagenesis; it produces both a constant reversal of left/right polarity (situs inversus) and cyst formation in the kidneys. Asymmetric expression patterns of the genes nodal and lefty are reversed in the inv mutant, indicating that inv may act early in left/right determination. Here we identify a new gene located at the inv locus. The encoded protein contains 15 consecutive repeats of an Ank/Swi6 motif at its amino terminus. Expression of the gene is the highest in the kidneys and liver among adult tissues, and is seen in presomite-stage embryos. Analysis of the transgenic genome and the structure of the candidate gene indicate that the candidate gene is the only gene that is disrupted in inv mutants. Transgenic introduction of a minigene encoding the candidate protein restores normal left/right asymmetry and kidney development in the inv mutant, confirming the identity of the candidate gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mochizuki
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
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14
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Shirayoshi Y, Yuasa Y, Suzuki T, Sugaya K, Kawase E, Ikemura T, Nakatsuji N. Proto-oncogene of int-3, a mouse Notch homologue, is expressed in endothelial cells during early embryogenesis. Genes Cells 1997; 2:213-24. [PMID: 9189758 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1997.d01-310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch and its homologues are key regulatory receptors of the cell fate decision in various developmental processes. The int-3 oncogene was originally identified as a frequent target in Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus (MMTV)-induced mammary tumours and has been regarded as a Notch homologue, based on its similarity to the intracellular domain of Notch. Studies with int-3 transgenic mice have suggested that the int-3 transgene affects the differentiation capacity of stem cells and leads to neoplastic proliferation in epithelial cells. However, the exact nature and the in vivo expression pattern of the int-3 proto-oncogene are unknown. The function of gene products in embryogenesis is also not clear. RESULTS We isolated cDNA clones corresponding to the proto-oncogene of int-3 and analysed its overall structure. The predicted amino acid sequence of the int-3 proto-oncogene contains the conserved motif found in Notch family receptors. Therefore, we name Notch-4 for the int-3 proto-oncogene. However, Notch-4 has fewer EGF repeats and shows less similarity to Notch, compared with other mammalian Notch homologues. In embryogenesis, the expression of Notch-4 was detected in endothelial cells of blood vessels forming tissues such as the dorsal aorta, intersegmental vessels, yolk sac vessels, cephalic vessels, heart, vessels in branchial arches, and capillary plexuses. In these tissues, Notch-4 expression coincided with flk-1, the major regulatory gene of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. We also found that Notch-4 expression was up-regulated in vitro during the differentiation of endothelial cells from embryonic stem cells (ES cells). CONCLUSION The endothelial cell specific expression pattern of Notch-4, as well as its structural similarity of Notch, suggest that Notch-4 is an endothelial cell specific homologue of Notch and it may play a crucial role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary
- Embryonic and Fetal Development/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor, Notch4
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Notch
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirayoshi
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.
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15
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Watanabe M, Shirayoshi Y, Koshimizu U, Hashimoto S, Yonehara S, Eguchi Y, Tsujimoto Y, Nakatsuji N. Gene transfection of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro and analysis of their survival and growth control. Exp Cell Res 1997; 230:76-83. [PMID: 9013709 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1996.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated electroporation, liposome-mediated transfection, and the calcium phosphate (CaPO4) coprecipitation method for gene transfection of mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) in culture as a prelude to the investigation of molecular mechanisms of the germ cell development. We found that electroporation severely damaged PGCs, and the efficiency of liposome-mediated transfection was very low. In contrast, using the CaPO4 coprecipitation method, 18% of PGCs transfected with plasmid pSV-LT expressed simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (SV 40 T-Ag) transiently. However, we did not detect any effects on the proliferation and survival of PGCs obtained from the embryonic gonads at 11.5 days postcoitum (d.p.c.) during 2 days of culture after the transfection. PGCs isolated from the 11.5-d.p.c. gonads change from spread- to round-shape and exhibit growth arrest during a few days of culture, and these rounded PGCs quickly disappear from the culture. We found that the transfection and expression of Bcl-XL or adenovirus type 2 E1B 19,000-molecular-weight protein (E1B 19K) significantly promoted the survival of PGCs and retarded the disappearance of rounded PGCs from the culture system. These results suggest that the Bcl-XL or E1B 19K can prevent the apoptosis of PGCs and inhibit the cell death of the rounded PGCs in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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16
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Abstract
All the known members of the mouse Notch receptor family were examined for their biochemical function by interaction with a DNA binding protein RBP-Jkappa. mNotch2, mNotch3 and int3 (= mNotch4) were shown to interact with RBP-Jkappa by the GST-fusion pull down assay and dominant negative competition with Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen 2. Furthermore the intracellular region of int3 was shown to transactivate the Epstein Barr virus TP1 promoter. These results indicate that all mouse Notch family members have biochemical functions similar to mNotch1, which transduces proliferative signal by direct interaction with the DNA binding protein RBP-Jkappa.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kato
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University, Faculty of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Japan
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17
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Koshimizu U, Taga T, Watanabe M, Saito M, Shirayoshi Y, Kishimoto T, Nakatsuji N. Functional requirement of gp130-mediated signaling for growth and survival of mouse primordial germ cells in vitro and derivation of embryonic germ (EG) cells. Development 1996; 122:1235-42. [PMID: 8620850 DOI: 10.1242/dev.122.4.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine known to influence proliferation and/or survival of mouse primordial germ cells (PGC) in culture. The receptor complex for LIF comprises LIF-binding subunit and non-binding signal transducer, gp130. The gp130 was originally identified as a signal-transducing subunit of interleukin (IL)-6 and later also found to be a functional component of receptor complexes for other LIF-related cytokines (oncostatin M [OSM], ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF] and IL-11). In this study, we have analyzed the functional role of gp130-mediated signaling in PGC growth in vitro. OSM was able to fully substitute for LIF; both cytokines promoted the proliferation of migratory PGC (mPGC) and enhanced the viability of postmigratory (colonizing) PGC (cPGC) when cultured on SI/SI4-m220 cells. Interestingly, IL-11 stimulated mPGC growth comparable to LIF and OSM, but did not affect cPGC survival. IL-6 and CNTF did not affect PGC. In addition, a combination of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 binding subunit (sIL-6R), which is known to activate intracellular signaling via gp130, fully reproduced the LIF action of PGC. Both in the presence and absence of LIF, addition of neutralizing antibody against gp130 in culture remarkably blocked cPGC survival. These results suggest a pivotal role of gp130 in PGC development, especially that it is indispensable for cPGC survival as comparable to the c-KIT-mediated action. We have further demonstrated that a combination of LIF with forskolin or retinoic acid, a potent mitogen for PGC, supported the proliferation of PGC, leading to propagation of the embryonic stem cell-like cells, termed embryonic germ (EG) cells. Since EG cells were also obtained by using OSM or the IL-6/sIL-6R complex in place of LIF, a significant contribution of gp130-mediated signaling in EG cell formation was further suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Koshimizu
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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18
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Ohkubo Y, Shirayoshi Y, Nakatsuji N. Autonomous regulation of proliferation and growth arrest in mouse primordial germ cells studied by mixed and clonal cultures. Exp Cell Res 1996; 222:291-7. [PMID: 8598216 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1996.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In culture, mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) proliferate and undergo growth arrest with a time course similar to that in vivo. It is unclear whether this behavior is regulated autonomously or by coexisting somatic cells. We performed mixed culture experiments using PGCs from 8.5- and 11.5-d.p.c. embryos and found no interaction between the PGCs and somatic cells at the two stages. Next, we carried out clonal culture of PGCs and examined the proliferation of and morphological change in individual clones. Such clonal culture did not reveal any subpopulation of PGCs with an increased growth rate or less differentiated characteristics, which might have been suggested by formation of the embryonic germ cell lines. Our results suggest that there is an autonomous regulation of growth and cell shape change in PGCs which occur as stochastical events but are not strictly timed by the number of cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohkubo
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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19
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Yoshino M, Sagai T, Lindahl KF, Toyoda Y, Shirayoshi Y, Matsumoto K, Sugaya K, Ikemura T, Moriwaki K, Shiroishi T. Recombination in the class III region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex. Immunogenetics 1994; 40:280-6. [PMID: 7916002 DOI: 10.1007/bf00189973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The sites of meiotic recombination in the class II region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are clustered at hotspots. To search for hotspots in the class III region, we mapped recombinational breakpoints of 79 Ab:H2-D recombinants with 11 DNA markers; these included Tnx, the gene for an extracellular matrix protein, tenascin X, the Notch-related Int3 gene, and a microsatellite marker, D17Mit13, none of which had previously been mapped precisely. The results gave the gene order of Eb-61.1-Int3-Tnx-Cyp21/C4-Bf-Hsp68c-D17Mit13+ ++-Tnfa/Tnfb-D. The crossover sites in 40 of the 79 recombinants were confined within the Eb/Int3:Tnx/Cyp21 interval. The result demonstrated that an unequal distribution of recombination is a general feature of the mouse MHC, suggesting the presence of a recombinational hotspot within the Int3:Tnx interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yoshino
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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20
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Shirayoshi Y. [Early neural development in vertebrates]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 1993; 38:2544-57. [PMID: 7904365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirayoshi
- Laboratory of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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21
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Shirayoshi Y, Imada S, Katayanagi S, Uyeno M, Imada M. Cyclic AMP-mediated augmentation of thrombomodulin gene expression: cell type-dependent usage of control regions. Exp Cell Res 1993; 208:75-83. [PMID: 8395401 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1993.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We reported that a cell surface thrombin receptor, thrombomodulin (TM), was regulated by cyclic AMP in fibroblasts and in parietal endoderm-like cells derived from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. In this paper, the genetic basis for augmentation of TM expression by cyclic AMP was studied in F9 and BALB/3T3 cells. Transient expression assays were performed with plasmid constructs containing various 5' flanking sequences of the TM gene and a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Two regulatory DNA regions, the proximal (-411 to -50) and the distal (-1026 to -850), were located. Interplay of the two regions was suggested using a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter in differentiated F9 cells. Both proximal and distal regions contributed to cyclic AMP-dependent augmentation of CAT expression in differentiated F9 cells, whereas only the proximal region was functional in BALB/3T3 cells. The two cell types responded differently also to a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, with respect to TM message accumulation. In BALB/3T3 cells TM message accumulation was refractory to the inhibitor in contrast to that of differentiated F9 cells, which was only partially so. We propose that there are at least two separate genomic DNA regions that regulate cyclic AMP-dependent TM gene expression and that their functions are cell type dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirayoshi
- Division of Cell Biology, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Meiji Milk Products Co. Ltd., Odawara, Japan
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22
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Shimozawa N, Tsukamoto T, Suzuki Y, Orii T, Shirayoshi Y, Mori T, Fujiki Y. A human gene responsible for Zellweger syndrome that affects peroxisome assembly. Science 1992; 255:1132-4. [PMID: 1546315 DOI: 10.1126/science.1546315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The primary defect arising from Zellweger syndrome appears to be linked to impaired assembly of peroxisomes. A human complementary DNA has been cloned that complements the disease's symptoms (including defective peroxisome assembly) in fibroblasts from a patient with Zellweger syndrome. The cause of the syndrome in this patient was a point mutation that resulted in the premature termination of peroxisome assembly factor-1. The homozygous patient apparently inherited the mutation from her parents, each of whom was heterozygous for that mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shimozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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23
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Flanagan JR, Murata M, Burke PA, Shirayoshi Y, Appella E, Sharp PA, Ozato K. Negative regulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I promoter in embryonal carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:3145-9. [PMID: 2014233 PMCID: PMC51402 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.8.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes is negatively regulated in undifferentiated F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells via the conserved upstream regulatory region. This region contains constitutive enhancers and an inducible enhancer, the interferon consensus sequence (ICS), that is responsible for interferon-induced transcription. A series of mutations in the ICS, but not in the enhancer elements, resulted in an increase in expression of the MHC class I promoter in F9 cells. However, these ICS mutants did not increase promoter activity in F9 cells differentiated after retinoic acid treatment. Results of mobility-shift DNA-binding assays and methylation interference experiments showed that undifferentiated F9 cells contained a factor(s) that bound to a sequence within the 5' and central part of the ICS. This binding site, termed the MHC negative regulatory element (NRE), coincided with the site of mutations that increased promoter activity in F9 cells and was distinct from the element to which interferon-response factors bind. The factor(s) that binds to the MHC NRE was not detected in differentiated F9 cells treated with retinoic acid or in other cells expressing MHC class I genes. Finally, introduction of concatenated, double-stranded NRE oligomers, but not oligomers of unrelated sequences, into F9 cells abolished negative regulation of the MHC class I promoter activity, providing evidence that the NRE binding factor is responsible for repression of the MHC class I genes in F9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Flanagan
- Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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24
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Neuhold LA, Shirayoshi Y, Ozato K, Jones JE, Nebert DW. Regulation of mouse CYP1A1 gene expression by dioxin: requirement of two cis-acting elements during induction. Mol Cell Biol 1989; 9:2378-86. [PMID: 2548080 PMCID: PMC362311 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.6.2378-2386.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse cytochrome P1450 (CYP1A1) gene is responsible for the metabolism of numerous carcinogens and toxic chemicals. Induction by the environmental contaminant tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) requires a functional aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. We examined the 5'-flanking region of the CYP1A1 gene in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 wild-type cells and a mutant line having a defect in chromatin binding of the TCDD-receptor complex. We identified two cis-acting elements (distal, -1071 to -901 region; proximal, -245 to -50 region) required for constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression. Three classes of DNA-protein complexes binding to the distal element were identified: class I, found only in the presence of TCDD and a functional Ah receptor, that was heat labile and not competed against by simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter DNA; class II, consisting of at least three constitutive complexes that were heat stable and bound to SV40 DNA; and class III, composed of at least three constitutive complexes that were thermolabile and were not competed against by SV40 DNA. Essential contacts for these proteins were centered at -993 to -990 for the class I complex, -987, -986, or both for the class II complexes, and -938 to -927 for the class III complexes. The proximal element was absolutely essential for both constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression, and at least two constitutive complexes bound to this region. These data are consistent with the proximal element that binds proteins being necessary but not sufficient for inducible gene expression; interaction of these proteins with those at the distal element was found to be required for full CYP1A1 induction by TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Neuhold
- Laboratory of Developmental Pharmacology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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25
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Burke PA, Hirschfeld S, Shirayoshi Y, Kasik JW, Hamada K, Appella E, Ozato K. Developmental and tissue-specific expression of nuclear proteins that bind the regulatory element of the major histocompatibility complex class I gene. J Exp Med 1989; 169:1309-21. [PMID: 2926327 PMCID: PMC2189242 DOI: 10.1084/jem.169.4.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of MHC class I genes varies according to developmental stage and type of tissues. To study the basis of class I gene regulation in tissues in vivo, we examined binding of nuclear proteins to the conserved cis sequence of the murine H-2 gene, class I regulatory element (CRE), which contains two independent factor-binding sites, region I and region II. In gel mobility shift analyses we found that extracts from adult tissues that express class I genes, such as spleen and liver, had binding activity to region I. In contrast, extracts from brain, which does not express class I genes, did not show region I binding activity. In addition, fetal tissues that express class I gene at very low levels, also did not reveal region I binding activity. Binding activity to region I became detectable during the neonatal period when class I gene expression sharply increases. Most of these tissues showed binding activity to region II, irrespective of class I gene expression. Although region II contained a sequence similar to the AP-1 recognition site, AP-1 was not responsible for the region II binding activity detected in this work. These results illustrate a correlation between region I binding activity and developmental and tissue-specific expression of MHC class I genes. The CRE exerts an enhancer-like activity in cultured fibroblasts. We evaluated the significance of each factor binding to CRE. Single 2-bp mutations were introduced into the CRE by site-directed mutagenesis and the ability of each mutant to elicit the enhancer activity was tested in transient CAT assays. A mutation that eliminated region I protein binding greatly impaired enhancer activity. A mutation that eliminated region II binding also caused a lesser but measurable effect. We conclude that region I and region II are both capable of enhancing transcription of the class I gene. These results indicate that in vivo regulation of MHC class I gene expression is mediated by binding of trans-acting factors to the CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Burke
- Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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26
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Shirayoshi Y, Burke PA, Appella E, Ozato K. Interferon-induced transcription of a major histocompatibility class I gene accompanies binding of inducible nuclear factors to the interferon consensus sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:5884-8. [PMID: 2457903 PMCID: PMC281869 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.16.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) induces transcription of major histocompatibility class I genes by way of the conserved cis-acting regulatory element, termed the IFN consensus sequence (ICS). Binding of nuclear factors to the ICS was studied in gel mobility shift assays with the 5' upstream region of the murine H-2Ld gene. We found that the ICS binds a constitutive nuclear factor present in lymphocytes and fibroblasts regardless of IFN treatment. Within 1 hr after IFN treatment, new ICS binding activity was induced, which consisted of at least two binding activities distinguished by their requirement for de novo protein synthesis. Methylation interference and competition experiments showed that both constitutive and induced factors bind to the same approximately equal to 10-base-pair binding site within the ICS. Site-directed mutagenesis of H-2Ld-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion genes showed that mutations in the binding site, but not in other regions of the ICS, abolish transcriptional activation of class I genes by IFN, providing evidence that specific binding of nuclear factors to the ICS is an essential requirement for transcriptional induction. Finally, we show that IFN-inducible genes of various species share a sequence motif that is capable of competing for the nuclear factors identified here. We propose that specific protein binding to the conserved motif represents a basic mechanism of IFN-mediated transcriptional induction of a number of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirayoshi
- Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
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27
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Goto K, Hayashi S, Shirayoshi Y, Takeichi M, Kondoh H. Exogenous delta-crystallin gene expression as probe for differentiation of teratocarcinoma stem cells. Cell Differ 1988; 24:139-47. [PMID: 3208283 DOI: 10.1016/0045-6039(88)90065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed an experimental system in which differentiation of teratocarcinoma stem cell is probed by expression of stably introduced exogenous genes. We used chicken delta-crystallin gene (delta gene) and its derivative (Mo delta gene) driven by long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). Neither of the genes was expressed in the undifferentiated condition. Differentiation to primitive endoderm induced by retinoic acid (RA) led to expression of delta but not Mo delta, while differentiation to more advanced endodermal cells by RA plus dibutyryl cAMP elicited Mo delta expression in addition to delta. These results are interpreted as a consequence of differential activation/suppression of gene expression through enhancer elements associated with the genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Goto
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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28
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Shirayoshi Y, Miyazaki J, Burke PA, Hamada K, Appella E, Ozato K. Binding of multiple nuclear factors to the 5' upstream regulatory element of the murine major histocompatibility class I gene. Mol Cell Biol 1987; 7:4542-8. [PMID: 3501825 PMCID: PMC368139 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.7.12.4542-4548.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of mouse major histocompatibility complex class I genes is controlled by the conserved class I regulatory element (CRE) in the 5' flanking region. The CRE, approximately 40 base pairs long, acts as a negative control element in undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells which do not express the major histocompatibility complex genes. The same element, however, acts as a positive control element in cells expressing the genes at high levels. To investigate the molecular basis of the regulatory role of the CRE, we studied the binding of nuclear proteins to the CRE of the H-2Ld gene by gel mobility shift and methylation interference experiments. Nuclear extracts from L fibroblasts and LH8 T lymphocytes revealed three distinct factors that bind discrete sequences within the CRE. The three sequences correspond to the inverted and direct repeats within the CRE. In contrast, F9 extracts exhibited factor binding to only two of the three sequences and lack a major factor detected in the above two cell types. Protein-binding sites within each of the three sequences were identified by methylation interference experiments. These data were in full agreement with results obtained by a competition assay performed with a series of mutant oligonucleotides containing a few nucleotide substitutions in each of the three regions. The results illustrate complex DNA-protein interactions in which several independent proteins bind to overlapping sequences in the CRE in a cell type-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirayoshi
- Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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29
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Nagafuchi A, Shirayoshi Y, Okazaki K, Yasuda K, Takeichi M. Transformation of cell adhesion properties by exogenously introduced E-cadherin cDNA. Nature 1987; 329:341-3. [PMID: 3498123 DOI: 10.1038/329341a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell surface glycoprotein responsible for Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells; it is also called uvomorulin, L-CAM (ref. 3), cell-CAM 120/80 (ref.4) or Arc-1 (ref. 5). Because blocking the action of E-cadherin by monoclonal antibodies causes dispersion of compact cell colonies, this molecule is thought to be an important factor for maintenance of multicellular systems. To demonstrate directly that E-cadherin is involved in cell-cell adhesion, we cloned full-length cDNA encoding E-cadherin from F9 cells and introduced it into L fibroblasts deficient in E-cadherin. These L cells acquire strong Ca2+-dependent aggregating activity by expressing the E-cadherin derived from the introduced cDNA and were morphologically transformed so as to form colonies in which cells were tightly connected to each other.
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30
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Shirayoshi Y, Hatta K, Hosoda M, Tsunasawa S, Sakiyama F, Takeichi M. Cadherin cell adhesion molecules with distinct binding specificities share a common structure. EMBO J 1986; 5:2485-8. [PMID: 3780667 PMCID: PMC1167143 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-dependent cell--cell adhesion molecules, termed cadherins, are divided into subclasses with distinct tissue distributions and distinct cell-binding specificities. To elucidate the biochemical relationship of these subclasses, we compared the pattern of tryptic cleavage and the partial amino acid sequence of mouse liver E-cadherin with those of chicken brain N-cadherin. Although these two cadherins are distinct in their cell-binding and immunological specificities, they showed an identical mol. wt and a similar tryptic cleavage pattern. We isolated tryptic fragments of E- and N-cadherin, and determined the sequences of nine amino acid residues of their amino terminus. The results showed that sequences of amino acids from the amino terminus to the 7th residues are identical in these two cadherins. We thus suggest that cadherins with distinct specificities have a common genic origin.
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Shirayoshi Y, Nose A, Iwasaki K, Takeichi M. N-linked oligosaccharides are not involved in the function of a cell-cell binding glycoprotein E-cadherin. Cell Struct Funct 1986; 11:245-52. [PMID: 3768962 DOI: 10.1247/csf.11.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule identified as a glycoprotein with a molecular weight (MW) of 124,000. To study the role of the sugar moieties of this adhesion molecule, we tested the effect of tunicamycin on aggregation mediated by E-cadherin of teratocarcinoma cells. Immunoblot analysis using a monoclonal antibody to E-cadherin showed that in cells treated with tunicamycin this adhesion molecule is converted into two forms with MW of 118,000 and 131,000. The smaller one was exposed on the cell surface and showed a trypsin sensitivity characteristic to E-cadherin, suggesting that this is the peptide moiety of E-cadherin whose glycosylation with N-linked oligosaccharides was blocked by tunicamycin. The larger one was not removed by trypsin treatment of cells, suggesting an intracellular location. These tunicamycin-treated cells aggregated in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and the aggregation was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to E-cadherin. These results suggested that N-linked oligosaccharides are not involved in the functional sites of this adhesion molecule.
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Shirayoshi Y, Okada TS, Takeichi M. The calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion system regulates inner cell mass formation and cell surface polarization in early mouse development. Cell 1983; 35:631-8. [PMID: 6652680 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody ECCD-1 inhibits Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion in teratocarcinoma cells, recognizing a cell surface component of MW 124,000. When mouse embryos at various preimplantation stages were cultured in the presence of ECCD-1, the compacted morphology of the 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos was destroyed. In these embryos, cell proliferation normally occurred and development of blastocyst-like vesicles was attained. However, these embryos did not contain inner cell mass (ICM). We found that ECCD-1 affects the pattern of polarization of the cell surface in late 8- and 16-cell-stage blastomeres, as detected by staining with fluorescence-labeled concanavalin A. In normal blastomeres, the pole was always apart from the cell-cell contact plane. In those cultured in ECCD-1, formation of the pole tended to be inhibited, and if observed, the pole was close to the cell-cell contact plane. We discuss the possible mechanisms for inhibition of ICM formation caused by blocking Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion between blastomeres.
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Atsumi T, Shirayoshi Y, Takeichi M, Okada TS. Nullipotent teratocarcinoma cells acquire the pluripotency for differentiation by fusion with somatic cells. Differentiation 1982; 23:83-6. [PMID: 7152170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1982.tb01269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
By fusion of nullipotent embryonal carcinoma F9 cells with certain somatic cells freshly collected from differentiated tissues such as thymus and lens, pluripotent hybrid cell lines were obtained. They exhibited a wide spectrum of differentiation, including neural tubes, cartilages, skeletal muscles, ciliated epithelia and others, in solid tumors formed after injection into syngeneic mice. Cells from these tumors differentiated into several cell types when cultured in vitro. A possibility of the introduction of genes to code the factors for regulating differentiation into F9 cells by fusion is suggested.
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