1
|
Blanco LP, Pedersen HL, Wang X, Lightfoot YL, Seto N, Carmona-Rivera C, Yu ZX, Hoffmann V, Yuen PS, Kaplan MJ. Improved Mitochondrial Metabolism and Reduced Inflammation Following Attenuation of Murine Lupus With Coenzyme Q10 Analog Idebenone. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:454-464. [PMID: 31566908 PMCID: PMC7050361 DOI: 10.1002/art.41128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A role for mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed in the immune dysregulation and organ damage characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Idebenone is a coenzyme Q10 synthetic quinone analog and an antioxidant that has been used in humans to treat diverse diseases in which mitochondrial function is impaired. This study was undertaken to assess whether idebenone ameliorates lupus in murine models. METHODS Idebenone was administered orally to MRL/lpr mice at 2 different doses (1 gm/kg or 1.5 gm/kg idebenone-containing diet) for 8 weeks. At peak disease activity, clinical, immunologic, and metabolic parameters were analyzed and compared to those in untreated mice (n = 10 per treatment group). Results were confirmed in the lupus-prone NZM2328 mouse model. RESULTS In MRL/lpr mice, idebenone-treated mice showed a significant reduction in mortality incidence (P < 0.01 versus untreated mice), and the treatment attenuated several disease features, including glomerular inflammation and fibrosis (each P < 0.05 versus untreated mice), and improved renal function in association with decreased renal expression of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and mature IL-18. Levels of splenic proinflammatory cytokines and inflammasome-related genes were significantly decreased (at least P < 0.05 and some with higher significance) in mice treated with idebenone, while no obvious drug toxicity was observed. Idebenone inhibited neutrophil extracellular trap formation in neutrophils from lupus-prone mice (P < 0.05) and human patients with SLE. Idebenone also improved mitochondrial metabolism (30% increase in basal respiration and ATP production), reduced the extent of heart lipid peroxidation (by one-half that of untreated mice), and significantly improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (P < 0.001). NZM2328 mice exposed to idebenone also displayed improvements in renal and systemic inflammation, reducing the kidney pathology score (P < 0.05), IgG/C3 deposition (P < 0.05), and the gene expression of interferon, proinflammatory, and inflammasome-related genes (at least P < 0.05 and some with higher significance). CONCLUSION Idebenone ameliorates murine lupus disease activity and the severity of organ damage, supporting the hypothesis that agents that modulate mitochondrial biologic processes may have a therapeutic role in human SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz P. Blanco
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hege L. Pedersen
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinghao Wang
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaíma L. Lightfoot
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nickie Seto
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Office of the Director, Division of Veterinary Resources, Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter S.T. Yuen
- Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutic Unit, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Lightfoot YL, Seto N, Carmona-Rivera C, Moore E, Goel R, O'Neil L, Mistry P, Hoffmann V, Mondal S, Premnath PN, Gribbons K, Dell'Orso S, Jiang K, Thompson PR, Sun HW, Coonrod SA, Kaplan MJ. Peptidylarginine deiminases 2 and 4 modulate innate and adaptive immune responses in TLR-7-dependent lupus. JCI Insight 2018; 3:124729. [PMID: 30518690 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptidylarginine deiminases PAD2 and PAD4 are implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. PAD4 may be pathogenic in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through its role in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation that promotes autoantigen externalization, immune dysregulation, and organ damage. The role of this enzyme in mouse models of autoimmunity remains unclear, as pan-PAD chemical inhibitors improve clinical phenotype, whereas PAD4-KO models have given conflicting results. The role of PAD2 in SLE has not been investigated. The differential roles of PAD2 and PAD4 in TLR-7-dependent lupus autoimmunity were examined. Padi4-/- displayed decreased autoantibodies, type I IFN responses, immune cell activation, vascular dysfunction, and NET immunogenicity. Padi2-/- mice showed abrogation of Th subset polarization, with some disease manifestations reduced compared with WT but to a lesser extent than Padi4-/- mice. RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct modulation of immune-related pathways in PAD-KO lymphoid organs. Human T cells express both PADs and, when exposed to either PAD2 or PAD4 inhibitors, displayed abrogation of Th1 polarization. These results suggest that targeting PAD2 and/or PAD4 activity modulates dysregulated TLR-7-dependent immune responses in lupus through differential effects of innate and adaptive immunity. Compounds that target PADs may have potential therapeutic roles in T cell-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Nickie Seto
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Erica Moore
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Rishi Goel
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Liam O'Neil
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Pragnesh Mistry
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Santanu Mondal
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Katherine Gribbons
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| | - Stefania Dell'Orso
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, IRP, NIAMS/ NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kan Jiang
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, IRP, NIAMS/ NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, IRP, NIAMS/ NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), and
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grayson PC, Eddy S, Taroni JN, Lightfoot YL, Mariani L, Parikh H, Lindenmeyer MT, Ju W, Greene CS, Godfrey B, Cohen CD, Krischer J, Kretzler M, Merkel PA. Metabolic pathways and immunometabolism in rare kidney diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1226-1233. [PMID: 29724730 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise renal tissue metabolic pathway gene expression in different forms of glomerulonephritis. METHODS Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy living donors (LD) were studied. Clinically indicated renal biopsies were obtained at time of diagnosis and microdissected into glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments. Microarray-derived differential gene expression of 88 genes representing critical enzymes of metabolic pathways and 25 genes related to immune cell markers was compared between disease groups. Correlation analyses measured relationships between metabolic pathways, kidney function and cytokine production. RESULTS Reduced steady state levels of mRNA species were enriched in pathways of oxidative phosphorylation and increased in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) with maximal perturbation in AAV and SLE followed by NS, and least in LD. Transcript regulation was isozymes specific with robust regulation in hexokinases, enolases and glucose transporters. Intercorrelation networks were observed between enzymes of the PPP (eg, transketolase) and macrophage markers (eg, CD68) (r=0.49, p<0.01). Increased PPP transcript levels were associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate in the glomerular (r=-0.49, p<0.01) and tubulointerstitial (r=-0.41, p<0.01) compartments. PPP expression and tumour necrosis factor activation were tightly co-expressed (r=0.70, p<0.01). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated concordant alterations of the renal transcriptome consistent with metabolic reprogramming across different forms of glomerulonephritis. Activation of the PPP was tightly linked with intrarenal macrophage marker expression, reduced kidney function and increased production of cytokines. Modulation of glucose metabolism may offer novel immune-modulatory therapeutic approaches in rare kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Grayson
- Vasculitis Translational Research Program, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institutes of Health/NIAMS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sean Eddy
- Division of Nephrology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Consortia, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jaclyn N Taroni
- Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Vasculitis Translational Research Program, Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institutes of Health/NIAMS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Mariani
- Division of Nephrology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Consortia, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hemang Parikh
- Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Consortia, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Casey S Greene
- Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brad Godfrey
- Division of Nephrology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Consortia, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Krischer
- Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Consortia, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter A Merkel
- Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lightfoot YL, Selle K, Yang T, Goh YJ, Sahay B, Zadeh M, Owen JL, Colliou N, Li E, Johannssen T, Lepenies B, Klaenhammer TR, Mohamadzadeh M. SIGNR3-dependent immune regulation by Lactobacillus acidophilus surface layer protein A in colitis. EMBO J 2015; 34:881-95. [PMID: 25666591 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immune regulatory signals govern gut homeostasis. Breakdown of such regulatory mechanisms may result in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Lactobacillus acidophilus contains unique surface layer proteins (Slps), including SlpA, SlpB, SlpX, and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which interact with pattern recognition receptors to mobilize immune responses. Here, to elucidate the role of SlpA in protective immune regulation, the NCK2187 strain, which solely expresses SlpA, was generated. NCK2187 and its purified SlpA bind to the C-type lectin SIGNR3 to exert regulatory signals that result in mitigation of colitis, maintenance of healthy gastrointestinal microbiota, and protected gut mucosal barrier function. However, such protection was not observed in Signr3(-/-) mice, suggesting that the SlpA/SIGNR3 interaction plays a key regulatory role in colitis. Our work presents critical insights into SlpA/SIGNR3-induced responses that are integral to the potential development of novel biological therapies for autoinflammatory diseases, including IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kurt Selle
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, and Genomic Sciences Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Jun Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, and Genomic Sciences Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Natacha Colliou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timo Johannssen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Todd R Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, and Genomic Sciences Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng SX, Lightfoot YL, Yang T, Zadeh M, Tang L, Sahay B, Wang GP, Owen JL, Mohamadzadeh M. Epithelial CaSR deficiency alters intestinal integrity and promotes proinflammatory immune responses. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4158-66. [PMID: 24842610 PMCID: PMC4234694 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is equipped with sensing receptor mechanisms that interact with luminal microorganisms and nutrients to regulate barrier function and gut immune responses, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Herein, we clarify the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) using intestinal epithelium-specific Casr(-/-) mice. Epithelial CaSR deficiency diminished intestinal barrier function, altered microbiota composition, and skewed immune responses towards proinflammatory. Consequently, Casr(-/-) mice were significantly more prone to chemically induced intestinal inflammation resulting in colitis. Accordingly, CaSR represents a potential therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam X Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lieqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gary P Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lightfoot YL, Yang T, Sahay B, Zadeh M, Cheng SX, Wang GP, Owen JL, Mohamadzadeh M. Colonic immune suppression, barrier dysfunction, and dysbiosis by gastrointestinal bacillus anthracis Infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100532. [PMID: 24945934 PMCID: PMC4063899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax results from the ingestion of Bacillus anthracis. Herein, we investigated the pathogenesis of GI anthrax in animals orally infected with toxigenic non-encapsulated B. anthracis Sterne strain (pXO1+ pXO2−) spores that resulted in rapid animal death. B. anthracis Sterne induced significant breakdown of intestinal barrier function and led to gut dysbiosis, resulting in systemic dissemination of not only B. anthracis, but also of commensals. Disease progression significantly correlated with the deterioration of innate and T cell functions. Our studies provide critical immunologic and physiologic insights into the pathogenesis of GI anthrax infection, whereupon cleavage of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in immune cells may play a central role in promoting dysfunctional immune responses against this deadly pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L. Lightfoot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sam X. Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gary P. Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Owen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sahay B, Owen JL, Zadeh M, Yang T, Lightfoot YL, Abed F, Mohamadzadeh M. Impaired colonic B-cell responses by gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis infection. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1499-507. [PMID: 24829464 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of Bacillus anthracis spores causes gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax. Humoral immune responses, particularly immunoglobulin A (IgA)-secreting B-1 cells, play a critical role in the clearance of GI pathogens. Here, we investigated whether B. anthracis impacts the function of colonic B-1 cells to establish active infection. GI anthrax led to significant inhibition of immunoglobulins (eg, IgA) and increased expression of program death 1 on B-1 cells. Furthermore, infection also diminished type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and their ability to enhance differentiation and immunoglobulin production by secreting interleukin 5 (IL-5). Such B-1-cell and ILC2 dysfunction is potentially due to cleavage of p38 and Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases in these cells. Conversely, mice that survived infection generated neutralizing antibodies via the formation of robust germinal center B cells in Peyer's patches and had restored B-1-cell and ILC2 function. These data may provide additional insight for designing efficacious vaccines and therapeutics against this deadly pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Jennifer L Owen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Firas Abed
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang T, Owen JL, Lightfoot YL, Kladde MP, Mohamadzadeh M. Microbiota impact on the epigenetic regulation of colorectal cancer. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:714-25. [PMID: 24051204 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) development can be generally divided into three categories: genetic, epigenetic, and aberrant immunologic signaling pathways, all of which may be triggered by an imbalanced intestinal microbiota. Aberrant gut microbial composition, termed 'dysbiosis', has been reported in inflammatory bowel disease patients who are at increased risk for CRC development. Recent studies indicate that it is feasible to rescue experimental models of colonic cancer by oral treatment with genetically engineered beneficial bacteria and/or their immune-regulating gene products. Here, we review the mechanisms of epigenetic modulation implicated in the development and progression of CRC, which may be the result of dysbiosis, and therefore may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lightfoot YL, Mohamadzadeh M. Tailoring gut immune responses with lipoteichoic acid-deficient Lactobacillus acidophilus. Front Immunol 2013; 4:25. [PMID: 23390423 PMCID: PMC3565175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As highlighted by the development of intestinal autoinflammatory disorders when tolerance is lost, homeostatic interactions between gut microbiota, resident immune cells, and the gut epithelium are key in the maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Gut immune responses, whether stimulatory or regulatory, are dictated by the activated dendritic cells (DCs) that first interact with microorganisms and their gene products to then elicit T and B cell responses. Previously, we have demonstrated that treatment with genetically modified Lactobacillus acidophilus is sufficient to tilt the immune balance from proinflammatory to regulatory in experimental models of colitis and colon cancer. Given the significant role of DCs in efficiently orchestrating intestinal immune responses, characterization of the signals induced within these cells by the surface layer molecules, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and proteins of L. acidophilus is critical for future treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we discuss the potential regulatory pathways involved in the downregulation of pathogenic inflammation in the gut, and explore questions regarding the immune responses to LTA-deficient L. acidophilus that require future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA ; Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kathania M, Zadeh M, Lightfoot YL, Roman RM, Sahay B, Abbott JR, Mohamadzadeh M. Colonic immune stimulation by targeted oral vaccine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55143. [PMID: 23383086 PMCID: PMC3559436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, sufficient data exist to support the use of lactobacilli as candidates for the development of new oral targeted vaccines. To this end, we have previously shown that Lactobacillus gasseri expressing the protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax toxin genetically fused to a dendritic cell (DC)-binding peptide (DCpep) induced efficacious humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses against Bacillus anthracis Sterne challenge. Methodology/Principal Finding In the present study, we investigated the effects of a dose dependent treatment of mice with L. gasseri expressing the PA-DCpep fusion protein on intestinal and systemic immune responses and confirmed its safety. Treatment of mice with different doses of L. gasseri expressing PA-DCpep stimulated colonic immune responses, resulting in the activation of innate immune cells, including dendritic cells, which induced robust Th1, Th17, CD4+Foxp3+ and CD8+Foxp3+ T cell immune responses. Notably, high doses of L. gasseri expressing PA-DCpep (1012 CFU) were not toxic to the mice. Treatment of mice with L. gasseri expressing PA-DCpep triggered phenotypic maturation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells and macrophages. Moreover, treatment of mice with L. gasseri expressing PA-DCpep enhanced antibody immune responses, including IgA, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c and IgG3. L. gasseri expressing PA-DCpep also increased the gene expression of numerous pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors and NOD-like receptors. Conclusion/Significance These findings suggest that L. gasseri expressing PA-DCpep has substantial immunopotentiating properties, as it can induce humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses upon oral administration and may be used as a safe oral vaccine against anthrax challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kathania
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yaíma L. Lightfoot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Roman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Abbott
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Hepatology/Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lightfoot YL, Yang T, Sahay B, Mohamadzadeh M. Targeting aberrant colon cancer-specific DNA methylation with lipoteichoic acid-deficient Lactobacillus acidophilus. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:84-8. [PMID: 23137966 PMCID: PMC3555892 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.22822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic autoinflammatory responses triggered by dysregulated microbial interactions may lead to intestinal disorders and malignancies. Previously, we demonstrated that a lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-deficient Lactobacillus acidophilus strain, NCK2025, ameliorated inflammation-induced colitis, significantly reduced the number of polyps in a colonic polyposis cancer model and restored physiological homeostasis in both cases. Nonetheless, the regulatory signals delivered by NCK2025 to reprogram the gastrointestinal microenvironment, and thus resist colonic cancer progression, remain unknown. Accumulating evidence suggest that epigenetic changes, in the presence and absence of pathogenic inflammation, can result in colorectal cancer (CRC). To test possible epigenetic modifications induced by NCK2025, the expression of epigenetically regulated, CRC-associated genes was measured with and without bacterial treatment. In vivo and in vitro, NCK2025 enhanced the expression of tumor suppressor genes that may regulate CRC development. Therefore, differential epigenetic regulation of CRC-related genes by NCK2025 represents a potential therapy against colitis-associated and sporadic CRC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lightfoot YL, Rehman HU, Myers AD, Mohamadzadeh M. Mitigating colon cancer with a novel strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus: a (re-)balancing act. Immunotherapy 2012. [PMID: 23194356 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
13
|
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic, multifactorial disorder that results from a contretemps of genetic and environmental factors. Autoimmune attack and functional inhibition of the insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas lead to the inability of β cells to metabolize glucose, and thus results the hallmark clinical symptom of diabetes: abnormally high blood glucose levels. Treatment and protection from T1D require a detailed knowledge of the molecular effectors and the mechanism(s) of cell death leading to β-cell demise. Primary islets and surrogate β cells have been utilized in vitro to investigate in isolation-specific mechanisms associated with progression to T1D in vivo. This review focuses on the data obtained from these experiments. Studies using transformed β cells of human sources are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Autoimmune Type 1 A Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by dependence on exogenous insulin consequential to the autoimmune attack and destruction of insulin-producing islet beta cells. Pancreatic islet cell inflammation, or insulitis, precedes beta cell death and T1D onset. In the insulitic lesion, innate immune cells produce chemokines and cytokines that recruit and activate adaptive immune cells (Eizirik D et al., Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:219-226, 2009). Locally produced cytokines not only increase immune surveillance of beta cells (Hanafusa T and Imagawa A, Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:297-299, 2008), but also cause beta cell dysfunction and decreased insulin secretion due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by the beta cells. This, coupled to the high levels of ROS and RNS secreted by activated macrophages and the low antioxidant capacities of beta cells (Huurman VA, PLoS One 3:e2435, 2008; Schatz D, Pediatr Diabetes 5:72-79, 2004; Verge CF, Diabetes 44:1176-1179, 1995), implicates free radicals as important effectors in T1D pathogenesis (Eizirik D et al., Nat Rev Endocrinol 5:219-226, 2009; Hanafusa T and Imagawa A, Ann NY Acad Sci 1150:297-299, 2008; Eisenbarth GS and Jeffrey J, Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 52:146-155, 2008; Pietropaolo M et al., Pediatr Diabetes 6:184-192, 2005).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lightfoot YL, Chen J, Mathews CE. Role of the mitochondria in immune-mediated apoptotic death of the human pancreatic β cell line βLox5. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20617. [PMID: 21738580 PMCID: PMC3124469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable in the life and death of many types of eukaryotic cells. In pancreatic beta cells, mitochondria play an essential role in the secretion of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. Unregulated blood glucose is a hallmark symptom of diabetes. The onset of Type 1 diabetes is preceded by autoimmune-mediated destruction of beta cells. However, the exact role of mitochondria has not been assessed in beta cell death. In this study, we examine the role of mitochondria in both Fas- and proinflammatory cytokine-mediated destruction of the human beta cell line, βLox5. IFNγ primed βLox5 cells for apoptosis by elevating cell surface Fas. Consequently, βLox5 cells were killed by caspase-dependent apoptosis by agonistic activation of Fas, but only after priming with IFNγ. This beta cell line undergoes both apoptotic and necrotic cell death after incubation with the combination of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNFα. Additionally, both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms that require proper mitochondrial function are involved. Mitochondrial contributions to βLox5 cell death were analyzed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depleted βLox5 cells, or βLox5 ρ0 cells. βLox5 ρ0 cells are not sensitive to IFNγ and TNFα killing, indicating a direct role for the mitochondria in cytokine-induced cell death of the parental cell line. However, βLox5 ρ0 cells are susceptible to Fas killing, implicating caspase-dependent extrinsic apoptotic death is the mechanism by which these human beta cells die after Fas ligation. These data support the hypothesis that immune mediators kill βLox5 cells by both mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic and caspase-dependent extrinsic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaíma L. Lightfoot
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|