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Naidoo Y, Pierneef RE, Cowan DA, Valverde A. Characterization of the soil resistome and mobilome in Namib Desert soils. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00454-x. [PMID: 37968548 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of the soil resistome is important in understanding the evolution of antibiotic resistance and its dissemination between the clinic and the environment. However, very little is known about the soil resistome, especially of those from deserts. Here, we characterize the bacterial communities, using targeted sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes, and both the resistome and the mobilome in Namib Desert soils, using shotgun metagenomics. We detected a variety of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that conferred resistance to antibiotics such as elfamycin, rifampicin, and fluoroquinolones, metal/biocide resistance genes (MRGs/BRGs) conferring resistance to metals such as arsenic and copper, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as the ColE1-like plasmid. The presence of metal/biocide resistance genes in close proximity to ARGs indicated a potential for co-selection of resistance to antibiotics and metals/biocides. The co-existence of MGEs and horizontally acquired ARGs most likely contributed to a decoupling between bacterial community composition and ARG profiles. Overall, this study indicates that soil bacterial communities in Namib Desert soils host a diversity of resistance elements and that horizontal gene transfer, rather than host phylogeny, plays an essential role in their dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashini Naidoo
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - Rian E Pierneef
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort Campus, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Angel Valverde
- IRNASA-CSIC, Cordel de Merinas, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
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2
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Kalicharan B, Naidoo Y, van Staden J. Ethnopharmacology and biological activities of the Aizoaceae. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 303:115988. [PMID: 36460295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Aizoaceae is one of the largest succulent plant families. Most members of the family are ornamental and form part of specialist succulent collections. The exceptional diversity of the Aizoaceae is not only limited to its growth forms, habitat, and chemistry, but is also reflected in its many traditional uses. Selected species are well known for their use in traditional medicines, with recent scientific studies validating their biological activity. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, this review aimed to articulate foundational and current global research endeavors related to the traditional uses and pharmacological activities of the Aizoaceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research articles and search terms related to the ethnopharmacology and bioactivities of the Aizoaceae between 1940 and 2022 were evaluated using electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, JSTOR, and Web of Science. RESULTS Popular Aizoaceae genera including Mesembryanthemum, Trianthema, and Tetragonia are noted for their cultural value and are key components in herbal medicines for the treatment of a myriad of disorders. Isolated bioactive compounds isolated from selected species demonstrated varied antimicrobial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective functions in basic pharmacological studies. However, most studies lacked reliable correlation to in vivo activity and did not adequately validate the safety and efficacy of potential therapeutic compounds. CONCLUSIONS While the cultural and therapeutic value of popular Aizoaceae species have been highlighted in the literature, there remains glaring inconsistencies among other related species. Data deficiency may be ameliorated by further studies focused on taxonomic markers, chemical characterization and underlying molecular mechanisms of activity of a wider pool of species to enhance our knowledge of this hyperdiverse family.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kalicharan
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Y Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - J van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
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Naidoo Y, Valverde A, Pierneef RE, Cowan DA. Differences in Precipitation Regime Shape Microbial Community Composition and Functional Potential in Namib Desert Soils. Microb Ecol 2022; 83:689-701. [PMID: 34105010 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation is one of the major constraints influencing the diversity, structure, and activity of soil microbial communities in desert ecosystems. However, the effect of changes in precipitation on soil microbial communities in arid soil microbiomes remains unresolved. In this study, using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and shotgun metagenome sequencing, we explored changes in taxonomic composition and functional potential across two zones in the Namib Desert with contrasting precipitation regime. We found that precipitation regime had no effect on taxonomic and functional alpha-diversity, but that microbial community composition and functional potential (beta-diversity) changed with increased precipitation. For instance, Acidobacteriota and 'resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds' related genes were relatively more abundant in the high-rainfall zone. These changes were largely due to a small set of microbial taxa, some of which were present in low abundance (i.e. members of the rare biosphere). Overall, these results indicate that key climatic factors (i.e. precipitation) shape the taxonomic and functional attributes of the arid soil microbiome. This research provides insight into how changes in precipitation patterns associated with global climate change may impact microbial community structure and function in desert soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashini Naidoo
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.
| | - Angel Valverde
- IRNASA-CSIC, C/Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rian E Pierneef
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort Campus, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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Naidoo Y, Rikisahedew JJ, Dewir YH, Ali AA, Rihan HZ. Foliar micromorphology, ultrastructure and histochemical analyses of Tagetes minuta L. leaves. Micron 2021; 150:103125. [PMID: 34352469 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many Tagetes species are known for producing essential oils and commercially useful bioactive compounds. This study investigated the micromorphological features of the internal and external foliar structures of Tagetes minuta that produce and store these compounds. Stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and histochemical analyses were used to examine T. minuta leaves at three developmental stages. The development of the subdermal secretory cavities revealed that the cells undergo autolysis to form a schizolysigenous cavity in the mature leaves. The ultrastructure of the parenchymal sheath and secretory epithelium within the secretory cavity revealed that plastids change to contain lipid and osmiophilic molecules. The histochemical analyses showed that trichomes on the surface of T. minuta leaves appear to be linear and non-glandular but maintain the ability to store bioactive phytocompounds. These are new findings for T. minuta and provide a better understanding of the exudation process, which can help to optimise essential oil production for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - J J Rikisahedew
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Y H Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A A Ali
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Z Rihan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Environment, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Phytome Life Sciences, Launceston, PL15 7AB, United Kingdom
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Naidoo Y, Valverde A, Cason ED, Pierneef RE, Cowan DA. A clinically important, plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance gene (β-lactamase TEM-116) present in desert soils. Sci Total Environ 2020; 719:137497. [PMID: 32114220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exhaustive use of antibiotics in humans, animal farming and other agricultural practices has resulted in the frequent appearance of antibiotic resistant bacteria in human-impacted habitats. However, antibiotic resistance in natural (less-impacted) habitats is less understood. Using shotgun metagenomics we analysed soils from relatively low anthropogenic impact sites across the Namib Desert. We report the presence of a clinically significant extended spectrum β-lactamase (TEM-116), on a ColE1-like plasmid also carrying a metal resistance gene (arsC). The co-occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs and metals encoded on a single mobile genetic element increases the probability of dissemination of these resistance determinants and the potential selection of multiple resistance mechanisms. In addition, the presence of a P7 entero-bacteriophage on the same plasmid, may represent a new vehicle for the propagation of TEM-116 in these soil communities. These findings highlight the role of the environment in the One Health initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashini Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Angel Valverde
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Technology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Errol D Cason
- Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Science, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Rian E Pierneef
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort Campus, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Akwu N, Naidoo Y. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PROXIMATE, ELEMENTAL NUTRIENT, FT-IR SPECTROSCOPIC OF Grewia lasiocarpa E.Mey. ex Harv.:INDIGENOUS SOUTHERN AFRICAN PLANT. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Akwu
- University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Y Naidoo
- University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Mjoli M, Vorajee N, Naidoo Y, Madiba T. Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the colon, rectum and anus. S AFR J SURG 2016; 54:45-47. [PMID: 28240504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) is a neoplastic proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells that occur outside of the bone and bone marrow. It is rare, commonly occurring in the head and neck region, followed by the gastrointestinal tract. The aetiology, risk factors, natural history and consequent treatment are not well defined. We report an unusual case of SEP of the colon in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient. The patient was managed with colonic resection and made an uneventful recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the colon and rectum in association with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mjoli
- Department of Surgery, Pietermaritzburg Hospital Complex, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - N Vorajee
- Department of Surgery, Pietermaritzburg Hospital Complex, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Y Naidoo
- National Health Laboratory Service, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - T Madiba
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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8
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Onoya D, Mohlabane N, Maduna V, van Zyl J, Sewpaul R, Naidoo Y. Testing in the HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) campaign, HIV risk behaviours and ART enrolment in South Africa. Public Health 2016; 136:152-60. [PMID: 27178129 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between testing in the 2010 HIV Testing and Counselling (HCT) campaign with HIV risk behaviours and enrolment on ART. STUDY DESIGN Data for this study were collected as part of a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey conducted in 2012 in South Africa. METHODS Consenting participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided a dry blood spot specimen which was tested for HIV antibodies and antiretroviral drugs. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between HIV testing history and explanatory variables of interest. RESULTS There was no association between testing in the 2010 HCT campaign and condom use at last sex, number of sexual partnerships or HIV knowledge. Individuals who tested in the HCT campaign were more likely to disclose their status (COR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.71-3.8) and those who tested HIV positive in the campaign were more likely to be receiving ART (COR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9). Testing in the HCT campaign was associated with having received both pretest and post-test counselling while testing before the campaign was associated with having received HIV results with no counselling (COR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-3.8). CONCLUSION We highlight the success of the 2010 HCT campaign in improving HIV status disclosure and enrolment on ART as well as shortcomings on HIV risk behaviours and HIV knowledge. These may be related to issues of quality assurance in the counselling process. Our results further highlight possible HCT counselling inconsistencies across sectors requiring stronger public-private partnership in the delivery of HCT in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Onoya
- Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, South Africa; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
| | - N Mohlabane
- HIV/AIDS, STI and TB Program, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
| | - V Maduna
- HIV/AIDS, STI and TB Program, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
| | - J van Zyl
- HIV/AIDS, STI and TB Program, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
| | - R Sewpaul
- Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
| | - Y Naidoo
- HIV/AIDS, STI and TB Program, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
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Bhatt A, Naidoo Y, Nicholas A. The foliar trichomes of Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult var aristata (Acanthaceae) a widespread medicinal plant species in tropical sub-Saharan Africa: with comments on its possible phylogenetic significance. Biol Res 2011; 43:403-409. [PMID: 21526266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The micromorphology of foliar trichomes of Hypoestes aristata var. aristata was studied using stereo, light and scanning microscopy (SEM). This genus belongs to the advanced angiosperm family Acanthaceae, for which few micromorphological leaf studies exist. Results revealed both glandular and non-glandular trichomes, the latter being more abundant on leaf veins, particularly on the abaxial surface of very young leaves. With leaf maturity, the density of non-glandular trichomes decreased. Glandular trichomes were rare and of two types: long-stalked capitate and globose-like peltate trichomes. Capitate trichomes were observed only on the abaxial leaf surface, while peltate trichomes were distributed on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bhatt
- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KZN, South Africa.
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10
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Bhatt A, Naidoo Y, Nicholas A. The foliar trichomes of Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult var aristata (Acanthaceae) a widespread medicinal plant species in tropical sub-Saharan Africa: with comments on its possible phylogenetic significance. Biol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.4067/s0716-97602010000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hendry JN, Naidoo Y. Delayed ultrasound in patients with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy. Emerg Med (Fremantle) 2001; 13:338-43. [PMID: 11554866 DOI: 10.1046/j.1035-6851.2000.00182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if patients with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy who have a low clinical likelihood of ectopic pregnancy are put at risk of adverse events by delaying ultrasonography 12-18 h after emergency department presentation. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all surgically proven ectopic pregnancies at our Institution over a 2-year period. RESULTS One hundred and seventeen cases of ectopic pregnancy were reviewed. Thirty-seven cases met predetermined criteria of 'clinical stability' at first presentation. These patients waited a median 14 h for diagnostic ultrasound with 62% waiting more than 12 h. No adverse events occurred while waiting for this diagnostic study. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results suggest that pregnant patients with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in the first trimester who meet specific low-risk clinical criteria could potentially have ultrasound delayed 12-18 h without risk of adverse event. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the safety of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Abstract
The vasoactive peptides bradykinin and kallidin (lysyl-bradykinin) have been implicated in diapedesis, a cellular process by which neutrophils migrate through endothelial cell gap junctions. The kinin peptides are released from their precursor moiety, kininogen, by the specific action of endoproteinases, the kallikreins. Kininogens have been demonstrated on the surface of neutrophils, and the presence of a competent processing enzyme such as tissue prokallikrein in neutrophils has been postulated, but firm evidence for this is still lacking. We have raised antibodies to a synthetic peptide that is a sequence copy of the activation segment of human TK and demonstrated that the anti-peptide antibodies specifically recognized the zymogen but not the active form of kallikrein. Using these anti-peptide antibodies, we showed by Western blotting, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy that the tissue prokallikrein antigen was localized in neutrophils and their precursor cells, the myelocytes. We further demonstrated by in situ hybridization the presence of tissue kallikrein mRNA in the mature neutrophils and myelocytes. Our findings lend credence to the hypothesis that upon release and activation, neutrophil-borne TK acts on cell-associated kininogens to trigger the release of kinins, which may open endothelial gates for neutrophil diapedesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Naidoo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Natal, Congella, Durban, South Africa
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Williams RJ, Henderson LM, Naidoo Y, Cassim B, Elson CJ, Bhoola KD. Immunocytochemical analysis of tissue kallikrein and the kinin moiety in rheumatoid synovial fluid neutrophils. Br J Rheumatol 1997; 36:420-5. [PMID: 9159533 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/36.4.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) from the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed reduced tissue kallikrein and kinin immunoreactivity in comparison with blood PMNs from healthy individuals as judged visually using confocal microscopy. Similarly, synovial fluid PMNs exhibited reduced tissue kallikrein immunoreactivity as compared with blood PMNs from the same RA patients. Blood PMNs stimulated to degranulate in vitro also displayed less immunostaining for tissue kallikrein and kinin than non-stimulated PMNs. By contrast, no difference in kininogen immunostaining was detected between RA synovial fluid PMNs and blood PMNs from healthy people. It is considered that the results support the hypothesis that tissue kallikrein, released from the granules of RA synovial fluid PMNs, cleaves the kinin moiety from multifunctional kininogen protein on the surface of the PMNs.
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Raidoo DM, Ramchurren N, Naidoo Y, Naidoo S, Müller-Esterl W, Bhoola KD. Visualisation of bradykinin B2 receptors on human brain neurons. Immunopharmacology 1996; 33:104-7. [PMID: 8856125 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(96)00021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D M Raidoo
- Department of Physiology Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Natal Medical School, Durban, South Africa
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naidoo
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Natal Medical School, Durban, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nadar
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Natal, Congella, South Africa
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17
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Cassim B, Naidoo S, Naidoo Y, Williams R, Bhoola KD. Immunolocalisation of the kinin moiety and bradykinin (B2) receptors on synovial fluid neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunopharmacology 1996; 33:321-4. [PMID: 8856175 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(96)00054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Cassim
- Department of Medicine, University of Natal, Medical School, Durban, South Africa
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Naidoo
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Natal, South Africa
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Snyman C, Naidoo Y, Narotam PK, Figueroa CD, Van Dellen JR, Bhoola KD. Cellular localization of atrial natriuretic peptide and tissue kallikrein in the human hypothalamus. Braz J Med Biol Res 1994; 27:1877-83. [PMID: 7749375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the kidney, renal atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is considered to play an important role in water and salt homeostasis. Immunoreactive ANP in the brain of lower invertebrates, such as the rat, has been shown to be localized in the hypothalamus and septum. Several studies have investigated the possibility of a regulatory system in the brain similar to that of the kidney. Since neuronal function is acutely sensitive to disturbances of the intracranial water and salt balance we have attempted to immunolocalize ANP-containing cells in the normal human hypothalamus, using a polyclonal antiserum specific to ANP. Also, we have observed tissue kallikrein (TK), using a polyclonal antiserum specific to TK, in the same areas as ANP. A regulatory role for TK on prolactin has been suggested as the rationale for the co-localization of these two hormones in human prolactinomas. Therefore, it could be suggested that TK plays a similar role in the processing of precursor ANP in the brain. It is contemplated to examine the status of these peptides in patients with cerebral oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Snyman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa
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