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Nabil G, Ahmed YH, Ahmed O, Milad SS, Hisham M, Rafat M, Atia M, Shokry AA. Argel's stemmoside C as a novel natural remedy for mice with alcohol-induced gastric ulcer based on its molecular mechanistic pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 327:117970. [PMID: 38428660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Solenostemma argel is widely distributed in Africa & Asia with traditional usage in alleviating abdominal colic, aches, & cramps. This plant is rich in phytochemicals, which must be explored for its pharmacological effects. PURPOSE Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the digestion of the digestive tube. PUD not only interferes with food digestion & nutrient absorption, damages one of the largest defensive barriers against pathogenic micro-organisms, but also impedes drug absorption & bioavailability, rendering the oral route, the most convenient way, ineffective. Omeprazole, one of the indispensable cost-effective proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) extensively prescribed to control PUD, is showing growing apprehensions toward multiple drug interactions & side effects. Hence, finding a natural alternative with Omeprazole-like activity & limited side effects is a medical concern. STUDY DESIGN Therefore, we present Stemmoside C as a new gastroprotective phytochemical agent isolated from Solenostemma argel to be tested in upgrading doses against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice compared to negative, positive, & reference Omeprazole groups. METHODS We carried out in-depth pharmacological & histopathological studies to determine the possible mechanistic pathway. RESULTS Our results showed that Stemmoside C protected the stomach against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers parallel to Omeprazole. Furthermore, the mechanistic studies revealed that Stemmoside C produced its effect using an orchestrated array of different mechanisms. Stemmoside C stimulates stomach defense by increasing COX-2, PGE-2, NO, & TFF-1 healing factors, IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine, & Nrf-2 & HO-1 anti-oxidant pathways. It also suppresses stomach ulceration by inhibiting leucocyte recruitment, especially neutrophils, leading to subsequent inhibition of NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β, & iNOS pro-inflammatory cytokines & JAK-1/STAT-3 inflammation-induced carcinogenicity cascade in addition to MMP-9 responsible for tissue degradation. CONCLUSION These findings cast light on Stemmoside C's clinical application against gastric ulcer progression, recurrence, & tumorigenicity & concurrently with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Nabil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Omaima Ahmed
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Selvia S Milad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hisham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Rafat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Aya A Shokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Zaafar D, Khalil HMA, Elkhouly GE, Sedeky AS, Ahmed YH, Khalil MG, Abo-Zeid Y. Preparation and characterization of Sorafenib nano-emulsion: impact on pharmacokinetics and toxicity; an in vitro and in vivo study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01530-z. [PMID: 38430357 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Current treatment strategies include surgical resection, liver transplantation, liver-directed therapy, and systemic therapy. Sorafenib (Sor) is the first systemic drug authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HCC treatment. Nevertheless, the conventional oral administration of Sor presents several limitations: poor solubility, low bioavailability, drug resistance development, and off-target tissue accumulation, leading to numerous adverse effects. Nano-emulsion, a nano-delivery system, is a viable carrier for poorly water-soluble drugs. It aims to enhance drug bioavailability, target organ accumulation, and reduce off-target tissue exposure, thus improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing side effects. This study formulated Sor nano-emulsion (Sor NanoEm) using the homogenization technique. The resultant nano-emulsion was characterized by particle size (121.75 ± 12 nm), polydispersity index (PDI; 0.310), zeta potential (-12.33 ± 1.34 mV), viscosity (34,776 ± 3276 CPs), and pH (4.38 ± 0.3). Transmission Electron Microscopy exhibited spherical nano-droplets with no aggregation signs indicating stability. Furthermore, the encapsulation of Sor within the nano-emulsion sustained its release, potentially reducing the frequency of therapeutic doses. Cytotoxicity assessments on the HepG2 cell line revealed that Sor NanoEm had a significantly (P < 0.05) more potent cytotoxic effect compared to Sor suspension. Subsequent tests highlighted superior pharmacokinetic parameters and reduced dosage requirements of Sor NanoEm in mice. It exhibited an enhanced safety profile, particularly in behavior, brain, and liver, compared to its suspended form. These findings underscore the enhanced pharmacological and toxicological attributes of Sor Nano-emulsion, suggesting its potential utility in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Zaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Gehad E Elkhouly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo, 11792, Egypt
| | - Abanoub Selim Sedeky
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Nanomedicine Lab, Center of Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6Th of October, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Abo-Zeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
- Helwan Nanotechnology Center, Helwan University, Cairo, 11792, Egypt
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Bawish BM, Zahran MFS, Ismael E, Kamel S, Ahmed YH, Hamza D, Attia T, Fahmy KNE. Correction to: Impact of buffered sodium butyrate as a partial or total dietary alternative to lincomycin on performance, IGF-1 and TLR4 genes expression, serum indices, intestinal histomorphometry, Clostridia, and litter hygiene of broiler chickens. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:8. [PMID: 38414016 PMCID: PMC10898053 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Basma Mohamed Bawish
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, PO Box 12211, Egypt
| | | | - Elshaimaa Ismael
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, PO Box 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Taha Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 23897, Minoufiya, Egypt
| | - Khaled Nasr Eldin Fahmy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Khalifa M, Fayed RH, Ahmed YH, Sedik AA, El-Dydamony NM, Khalil HMA. Mitigating effect of ferulic acid on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced neurocognitive dysfunction in male rats with a comprehensive in silico survey. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02831-9. [PMID: 37966574 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most abundant phthalate threatening public health-induced neurotoxicity. This neurotoxicity is associated with behavioral and biochemical deficits in male rats. Our study investigated the neuroprotective effect of ferulic acid (FA) on male rats exposed to DEHP. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups. Group I control rats received corn oil, group II intoxicated rats received 300 mg/kg of DEHP, group III received 300 mg/kg of DEHP + 50 mg/kg of FA, and group IV received 50 mg/kg of FA, all agents administrated daily per os for 30 days. Anxiety-like behavior, spatial working memory, and recognition memory were assessed. Also, brain oxidative stress biomarkers, including brain malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured. Moreover, brain histopathology examinations associated with immunohistochemistry determination of brain caspase-3 were also evaluated. Furthermore, docking simulation was adapted to understand the inhibitory role of FA on caspase-3 and NO synthase. Compared to DEHP-intoxicated rats, FA-treated rats displayed improved cognitive memory associated with a reduced anxious state. Also, the redox state was maintained with increased BNDF levels. These changes were confirmed by restoring the normal architecture of brain tissue and a decrement in the immunohistochemistry caspase-3. In conclusion, FA has potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties that confirm the neuroprotective activity of FA, with a possible prospect for its therapeutic capabilities and nutritional supplement value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhasen Khalifa
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Rabie H Fayed
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Sedik
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Nehad M El-Dydamony
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6Th of October City, 12585, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Veterinary Hygiene and Management Department, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Bashir DW, Ahmed YH, El-Sakhawy MA. Ameliorative effect of vitamin E and selenium against bisphenol A-induced toxicity in spinal cord and submandibular salivary glands of adult male albino rats. Int J Environ Health Res 2023; 33:993-1009. [PMID: 35451911 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2067327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) used in plastic industry. This study evaluate ameliorative effect of vitamin E and selenium in combating BPA toxicity in spinal cord (SC) and submandibular glands (SMGs). Thirty rats divided into three groups [Group I, controls; Group II, BPA orally (25 mg/kg) three times a week, 60 days; Group III, BPA (25 mg/kg) plus vitamin E and selenium in water (1 ml/L/day)]. By histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical investigations. Bisphenol A group showed degenerative alterations. SC gray matter showed pyknotic nuclei and white matter revealed neuropil degeneration. Myelinated fibers showed dispersed myelin. SMGs, exhibited vacuolated cytoplasm in acinar cells. Intense glial fibrillary acidic protein in SC and strong proliferating cell nuclear antigen in acinar and ductal cell nuclei of SMGs. Malondialdehyde elevated in SC and catalase decreased in SMG. Group III, SC and SMG revealed partial recovery. Vitamin E and selenium displayed protective effects against BPA toxicity in SC and SMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina W Bashir
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Vet Med, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Vet Med, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Sakhawy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Vet Med, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Bawish BM, Zahran MFS, Ismael E, Kamel S, Ahmed YH, Hamza D, Attia T, Fahmy KNE. Impact of buffered sodium butyrate as a partial or total dietary alternative to lincomycin on performance, IGF-1 and TLR4 genes expression, serum indices, intestinal histomorphometry, Clostridia, and litter hygiene of broiler chickens. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:44. [PMID: 37770986 PMCID: PMC10540366 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium butyrate (SB) is a short-chain fatty acid and a safe antibiotic alternative. During 35 days, this study compared the impact of coated SB (Butirex C4) and lincomycin (Lincomix) on broiler growth, gut health, and litter hygiene in 1200 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks that were randomly assigned into 5-dietary groups with 5-replications each. Groups divided as follows: T1: Basal diet (control), T2: Basal diet with buffered SB (1 kg/ton starter feed, 0.5 kg/ton grower-finisher feeds), T3: Basal diet with 100 g/ton lincomycin, T4: Basal diet with buffered SB (0.5 kg/ton starter feed, 0.25 kg/ton grower-finisher feeds) + 50 g/ton lincomycin, and T5: Basal diet with buffered SB (1 kg/ton starter feed, 0.5 kg/ton grower-finisher feeds) + 50 g/ton lincomycin. Birds were housed in a semi-closed deep litter house, where feed and water were available ad libitum. Results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS Combined dietary supplementation with SB and lincomycin (T4 and T5) significantly enhanced body weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratio, and profitability index. Also, carcasses in T4 and T5 exhibited the highest dressing, breast, thigh, and liver yields. T5 revealed the best blood biochemical indices, while T3 showed significantly elevated liver and kidney function indices. T4 and T5 exhibited the highest expression levels of IGF-1 and TLR4 genes, the greatest villi length of the intestinal mucosa, and the lowest levels of litter moisture and nitrogen. Clostridia perfringens type A alpha-toxin gene was confirmed in birds' caeca, with the lowest clostridial counts defined in T4. CONCLUSIONS Replacing half the dose of lincomycin (50 g/ton) with 0.5 or 1 kg/ton coated SB as a dietary supplement mixture showed the most efficient privileges concerning birds' performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Mohamed Bawish
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | | | - Elshaimaa Ismael
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Dalia Hamza
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Taha Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Minoufiya, 23897, Egypt
| | - Khaled Nasr Eldin Fahmy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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El-Fadaly AA, Younis IY, Abdelhameed MF, Ahmed YH, Ragab TIM, El Gendy AENG, Farag MA, Elshamy AI, Elgamal AM. Protective Action Mechanisms of Launaea mucronata Extract and Its Nano-Formulation against Nephrotoxicity in Rats as Revealed via Biochemical, Histopathological, and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Analyses. Metabolites 2023; 13:786. [PMID: 37512493 PMCID: PMC10384424 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants belonging to the Launaea genus have been extensively utilized ethnopharmacologically to treat a variety of diseases, including kidney disorders. Chromium is a common industrial pollutant that has been linked to kidney disease. The present work was designed for the investigation of the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolite profile of the L. mucronate ethanolic extract (LME), along with assessing the mechanistic protective actions of LME and its nano-silver formulation (LMNS) against K2Cr2O7-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. LMNE was successfully biosynthesized and confirmed using UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nephroprotective effects of LME and LMNE was assessed in rats exposed to potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7, 15 mg/kg BW) to cause nephrotoxicity. LME and LMNS, separately, were administered twice daily for 14 days at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively. The kidney function, catalase, UGT, Nrf2, PGE2, Cox-2, ERK, and MAPK levels in renal tissue were all assessed, along with histopathological examinations for exploring their ameliorative effects. Forty-five bioactive metabolites were annotated belonging to flavonoids, phenolic and organic acids, coumarins, and fatty acids. Metabolite profiling revealed that chlorogenic acid, apigenin, and luteolin glycosides were the main phenolics, with chlorogenic acid-O-hexoside reported for the first time in LME. The findings revealed that the serum kidney function indicators (urea and creatinine) were markedly elevated in K2Cr2O7-intoxicated rats. Furthermore, inflammatory indicators (COX-2 and PGE2), MAPK, and ERK were all markedly elevated in kidney tissue, whereas catalase, UGT, and Nrf2 levels were downregulated. Histological and immunohistochemical assays confirmed the toxic effects of K2Cr2O7 in the kidneys. In contrast, the administration of LME and LMNS prior to K2Cr2O7 considerably improved the architecture of the renal tissue, while also restoring levels of most biochemical markers. Functioning via the inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway, activating Nrf2, and modifying the antioxidant and metabolic enzymes, LME and LMNS exerted their nephroprotective effects against K2Cr2O7-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A El-Fadaly
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Inas Y Younis
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abdelhameed
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Tamer I M Ragab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Nasser G El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelbaset M Elgamal
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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El-Shoura EAM, Salem MA, Ahmed YH, Ahmed LK, Zaafar D. Combined β-sitosterol and trimetazidine mitigate potassium dichromate-induced cardiotoxicity in rats through the interplay between NF-κB/AMPK/mTOR/TLR4 and HO-1/NADPH signaling pathways. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:67771-67787. [PMID: 37115449 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium salt, like potassium dichromate (PD), is chromium's most precarious valence state in industrial wastes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in β-sitosterol (BSS), a bioactive phytosterol, as a dietary supplement. BSS is recommended in treating cardiovascular disorders due to its antioxidant effect. Trimetazidine (TMZ) was used traditionally for cardioprotection. Through the administration of BSS and TMZ, the cardiotoxic effects of PD were to be countered in this study, in addition to examining the precise mechanism of PD-induced cardiotoxicity. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups; the control group: administered normal saline daily (3 mL/kg); the PD group: administered normal saline daily (3 mL/kg); BSS group: administered BSS daily (20 mg/kg); TMZ group: administered TMZ daily (15 mg/kg); and the BSS + TMZ group: administered both BSS (20 mg/kg) and TMZ (15 mg/kg) daily. All experimental groups, except the control, received on the 19th day a single dose of PD (30 mg/kg/day, S.C.). Normal saline, BSS, and TMZ were received daily for 21 consecutive days p.o. The exposure to PD promoted different oxidative stresses, pro-inflammatory, and cardiotoxicity biomarkers. BSS or TMZ succeeded solely in reducing these deleterious effects; however, their combination notably returned measured biomarkers close to normal values. The histopathological investigations have supported the biochemical findings. The combination of BSS and TMZ protects against PD cardiotoxicity in rats by reducing oxidative stress and apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers. It may be promising for alleviating and protecting against PD-induced cardiotoxicity in people at an early stage; however, these findings need further clinical studies to be confirmed. HIGHLIGHTS: • Potassium dichromate induces cardiotoxicity in rats through the upregulation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory, and apoptotic pathways biomarkers. • β-Sitosterol possesses a possible cardioprotective effect by modulating several signaling pathways. • Trimetazidine, the antianginal agent, has a potential cardioprotective impact on PD-intoxicated rat model. • The combination of β-Sitosterol and trimetazidine was the best in modulating different pathways involved in PD cardiotoxicity in rats via the interplay between NF-κB/AMPK/mTOR/TLR4 and HO-1/NADPH signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Maha A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology, and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Khalaf Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 71524, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology, and Information, Cairo, Egypt
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Shalaby OE, Ahmed YH, Mekkawy AM, Mahmoud MY, Khalil HMA, Elbargeesy GA. Assessment of the neuroprotective effect of selenium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against silver nanoparticles-induced toxicity in rats. Neurotoxicology 2023; 95:232-243. [PMID: 36822375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the recent growth in the applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), worries about their harmful effects are increasing. Selenium plays a vital role in the antioxidant defense system as well as free radical scavenging activity. OBJECTIVES This study aims to inspect the neuroprotective effect of selenium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) against the adverse impact of Ag-NPs on brain tissue in adult rats. DESIGN Rats were divided into four groups: group I (control) was administered distilled water (0.5 mL/kg), group II was administered Ag-NPs (100 mg/kg), group III was administered Ag-NPs (100 mg/kg) and CS- SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) and group IV received only CS- SeNPs (0.5 mg/kg) daily by oral gavage. After 60 days, rats were subjected to behavioral assessment and then euthanized. Brain tissues were obtained for estimation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine (8-OHdG), and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Like Protein 2 (Nrf2). Also, histological examination of the brain and immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were investigated RESULTS: exposure to Ag-NPs induced marked neurotoxicity in the brain tissue of rats that was manifested by decreased levels of TAC and Nrf2 with increased levels of MDA and 8-OHdG. Also, various pathological lesions with an increase in the number of GFAP immunoreactive cells were detected. While brain tissue of rats received Ag-NPs plus CS-SeNPs group (III) revealed significantly fewer pathological changes. CONCLUSION Co-administration of CS-SeNPs significantly ameliorates most of the Ag-NPs-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia E Shalaby
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Aya M Mekkawy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - G A Elbargeesy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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El-Shiekh RA, Nabil G, Shokry AA, Ahmed YH, Al-Hawshabi OSS, Abdel-Sattar E. Arabincoside B isolated from Caralluma arabica as a potential anti-pneumonitis in LPS mice model. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1437-1447. [PMID: 36820943 PMCID: PMC9948789 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening condition usually associated with poor therapeutic outcomes and a high mortality rate. Since 2019, the situation has worsened due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ALI had approximately 40% of deaths before COVID-19, mainly due to the dysfunction of the blood-gas barrier that led to lung edema, failure of gas exchange, and dyspnea. Many strategies have been taken to mitigate the disease condition, such as diuretics, surfactants, antioxidants, glucocorticoids, heparin, and ventilators with concomitant sedatives. However, until now, there is no available effective therapy for ALI. Thus, we are presenting a new compound termed Arabincoside B (AR-B), recently isolated from Caralluma arabica, to be tested in such conditions. For that, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mice model was used to investigate the capability of the AR-B compound to control the ALI compared to standard dexamethasone. The results showed that AR-B had a significant effect on retrieving ALI. A further mechanistic study carried out in the serum, lung homogenate, histological, and immunohistochemistry sections revealed that the AR-B either in 50 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg dose inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-13, NF-κB, TNFα, and NO and stimulated regulatory cytokines IL-10. Moreover, AR-B showed a considerable potential to protect the pulmonary tissue against oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing catalase and Nrf2. Also, the AR-B exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect on the lung epithelium, confirmed by reducing COX and BAX expression and upregulating Bcl-2 expression. These results pave its clinical application for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham A. El-Shiekh
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Ghazal Nabil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Aya A. Shokry
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Yasmine H. Ahmed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Othman S. S. Al-Hawshabi
- grid.411125.20000 0001 2181 7851Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
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11
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Eloutify YT, El-Shiekh RA, Ibrahim KM, Hamed AR, Al-Karmalawy AA, Shokry AA, Ahmed YH, Avula B, Katragunta K, Khan IA, Meselhy MR. Bioactive fraction from Plumeria obtusa L. attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages: LC/QToF-MS and molecular docking. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:859-875. [PMID: 36773191 PMCID: PMC10140140 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract (TE) of Plumeria obtusa L. (aerial parts) and its fractions were evaluated in vitro, and active fraction was evaluated in vivo. Among tested extracts, dichloromethane fraction (DCM-F) exhibited the strongest inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The effect of DCM-F on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice was studied. The animals were divided into five groups (n = 7) randomly; Gp I: negative control, GP II: positive control (LPS group), GP III: standard (dexamethasone, 2 mg/kg b.wt), GP IV and V: DCM-F (100 mg/kg), and DEM-F (200 mg/kg), respectively. DCM-F at a dose of 200 mg/kg suppressed the ability of LPS to increase the levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), as measured by ELISA. In addition, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was reduced (determined by immunohistochemistry) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased while that of catalase was restored to the normal values. Furthermore, the histopathological scores of inflammation induced by LPS were reduced. Twenty-two compounds were tentatively identified in DCM-F using LC/ESI-QToF with iridoids, phenolic derivatives and flavonoids as major constituents. Identified compounds were subjected to two different molecular docking processes against iNOS and prostaglandin E synthase-1 target receptors. Notably, protoplumericin A and 13-O-coumaroyl plumeride were the most promising members compared to the co-crystallized inhibitor in each case. These findings suggested that DCM-F attenuates the LPS-induced ALI in experimental animals through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra T Eloutify
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Khaled Meselhy Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department and Biology Unit, Central Lab for the Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Giza, 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Aya A Shokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Meselhy R Meselhy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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12
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Abdelhameed NG, Ahmed YH, Yasin NAE, Mahmoud MY, El-Sakhawy MA. Effects of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles in the Cerebrum, Hippocampus, and Cerebellum of Male Wistar Rats and Potential Ameliorative Role of Melatonin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:359-369. [PMID: 36689351 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) have been widely used in vaccine manufacture, food additives, human care products, and cosmetics. However, they also have adverse effects on different organs, including the liver, kidneys, and testes. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant, particularly against metals by forming melatonin-metal complexes. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against Al2O3 NP-induced toxicity in the rat brain. Forty adult male Wistar rats were allocated to four groups: the untreated control (received standard diet and distilled water), Al2O3 NP-treated (received 30 mg/kg body weight Al2O3 NPs), melatonin and Al2O3 NP-treated (received 30 mg/kg body weight Al2O3 NPs + 10 mg/kg body weight melatonin), and melatonin-treated (received 10 mg/kg body weight melatonin) groups. All treatments were by oral gavages and administered daily for 28 days. Afterward, the rats were sacrificed, and samples from various brain regions (cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus) were subjected to biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Al2O3 NPs substantially increased malondialdehyde, β-amyloid 1-42 peptide, acetylcholinesterase, and β-secretase-1 expression, whereas they markedly decreased glutathione levels. Furthermore, Al2O3 NPs induced severe histopathological alterations, including vacuolation of the neuropil, enlarged pericellular and perivascular spaces, vascular congestion, neuronal degeneration, and pyknosis. Al2O3 NP treatment also resulted in an intense positive caspase-3 immunostaining. Conversely, the administration of melatonin alleviated the adverse effects induced by Al2O3 NPs. Therefore, melatonin can diminish the neurotoxic effects induced by Al2O3 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen G Abdelhameed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Sakhawy
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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13
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Ahmed ZSO, Tahon MA, Hasan RS, El-Sayed HGM, AbuBaker HO, Ahmed IM, Ahmed YH. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular investigation of atrazine toxic effect on some organs of adult male albino rats with a screening of Acacia nilotica as a protective trial. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:83797-83809. [PMID: 35771327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is a widely used herbicide; however, it has deleterious effects. The current study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effect of ATZ as a neuroendocrine disruptor on the cerebellum and thyroid gland and on the liver as a detoxifying organ. We examined the ability of ATZ to induce oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis in these organs. Moreover, we investigated the potential protective effect of Acacia nilotica, because of its potent antioxidant activity. Thus, our study was carried out on 40 adult male albino rats that were divided equally into 4 groups (10 rats/each group). The first group received distilled water, while the second group received ATZ dissolved in corn oil at 200 mg/kg body weight/day by stomach gavage. The third group was treated orally by ATZ (200 mg/kg body weight/day) plus Acacia nilotica (400 mg/kg/day). Group IV received Acacia nilotica only at a dose (400 mg/kg/day). After successive 30 days of the experiment, blood and tissue samples were collected from all groups. Our findings revealed the ability of ATZ to induce toxic effects was observed microscopically in the form of degenerated neurons and vacuolated neuropil of the cerebellum, degenerated hepatocytes, and vacuolation of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Furthermore, ATZ significantly elevated AST, ALT, and ALP serum levels and TB concentration, while decreased GSH. DNA fragmentation% and activated caspase-3 expression significantly increased after ATZ exposure. Interestingly, Acacia nilotica administration was able to partially protect the examined organs against the toxic effect of ATZ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaziz Tahon
- Central laboratory of residue analysis of pesticides and heavy metal in food, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Randa S Hasan
- Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hazem G M El-Sayed
- Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ismaiel M Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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14
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Ahmed YH, AbuBakr HO, Ahmad IM, Ahmed ZSO. Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, And Molecular Alterations In Brain Tissue And Submandibular Salivary Gland Of Atrazine-Induced Toxicity In Male Rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:30697-30711. [PMID: 34994930 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is herbicide that has been widely used for different crops. This extensive use has resulted in severe deleterious effects in different species. In this work, we investigated the potentially harmful effect of atrazine herbicide on the brain and submandibular salivary gland. Our investigation was carried out on 20 adult male albino rats that were equally divided into two groups. The first group received distilled water as control, while the second group received ATZ at 200 mg/kg body weight/ day via stomach gavage for 30 successive days of the experiment; the oral LD50 for ATZ is 3090 mg/kg. Our findings revealed the ability of ATZ to cause damage to the cerebrum, hippocampus, and submandibular salivary gland. This damage resulted from the induced oxidative stress, which was indicated by a significant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, DNA fragmentation, tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression, with a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) level and reduction of B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), dopamine receptor D1 (Drd1), cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (Creb1) genes expression after ATZ exposure. Moreover, degeneration of cells, cytoplasmic vacuolation, congestion of blood vessels, a strong immune reaction to caspase 3, and negligible immune expression of a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also noticed in the ATZ-treated group. We concluded that ATZ induces oxidative stress and has a toxic and apoptotic effects on the cerebrum, hippocampus, and salivary gland of adult male albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ismail M Ahmad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
- King Salman International University, Ras Sudr, South Sinai, Egypt.
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15
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Ahmed EY, Abdelhafez OM, Zaafar D, Serry AM, Ahmed YH, El-Telbany RFA, Abd Elmageed ZY, Ali HI. Antitumor and multikinase inhibition activities of some synthesized coumarin and benzofuran derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100327. [PMID: 35285986 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of coumarin and benzofuran derivatives were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities against breast cancer. Compounds 8, 9, 14, 15, and 17 exhibited the best antiproliferative activities (IC50 : 0.07-2.94 μM) against the MCF-7 cell line, compared with lapatinib (IC50 : 4.69 μM). Compound 14, with the most potent cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells, was capable of enhancing preG1 apoptosis and triggering cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The kinase inhibitory activity of compound 14 against a panel of 22 kinases was examined to reveal multikinase inhibition within -39% to -97%. Furthermore, compound 14 exhibited potent in vivo Ehrlich (mammary adenocarcinoma) tumor regression, positive caspase-3, and negative EGFR immunoreaction, and was capable of elevating the catalase level. The physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of compound 14 were investigated in silico for its druglikeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima M Abdelhafez
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M Serry
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Farag A El-Telbany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana, Monroe, Michigan, USA
| | - Hamed I Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States
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16
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Hamdan DI, Hafez SS, Hassan WHB, Morsi MM, Khalil HMA, Ahmed YH, Ahmed-Farid OA, El-Shiekh RA. Chemical profiles with cardioprotective and anti-depressive effects of Morus macroura Miq. leaves and stem branches dichloromethane fractions on isoprenaline induced post-MI depression. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3476-3493. [PMID: 35425386 PMCID: PMC8979319 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the potential cardioprotective and anti-depressive effects of dichloromethane (DCM) fractions of Morus macroura leaves (L) and stem branches (S) on post-myocardial infarction (MI) depression induced by isoprenaline (ISO) in rats in relation to their metabolites. The study was propped with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling and chromatographic isolation of the secondary metabolites. Column chromatography revealed the isolation of lupeol palmitate (6) that was isolated for the first time from nature with eight known compounds. In addition, more than forty metabolites belonging, mainly to flavonoids, and anthocyanins groups were identified. The rats were injected with ISO (85 mg kg−1, s.c) in the first two days, followed by the administration of M. macroura DCM-L and DCM-S fractions (200 mg kg−1 p.o) for 19 days. Compared with the ISO exposed rats, the treated rats displayed a reduction in cardiac biomarkers (LDH and CKMB), anxiety, and depressive-like behaviour associated with an increase in the brain defense system (SOD and GSH), neuronal cell energy, GABA, serotonin, and dopamine, confirmed by histopathological investigations. In conclusion, DCM-L and DCM-S fractions' cardioprotective and anti-depressive activities are attributed to their metabolite profile. Therefore, they could serve as a potential agent in amending post-MI depression. This study was conducted to explore the potential cardioprotective and anti-depressive effects of dichloromethane fractions of Morus macroura leaves and stem branches on post-myocardial infarction depression induced by isoprenaline in rats in relation to their metabolites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University Shibin Elkom 32511 Egypt
| | - Samia S Hafez
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Wafaa H B Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Mai M Morsi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza 12211 Egypt +201013666331
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza 12211 Egypt
| | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research Giza Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt +201064763764
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Orabi MAA, Khalil HMA, Abouelela ME, Zaafar D, Ahmed YH, Naggar RA, Alyami HS, Abdel-Sattar ES, Matsunami K, Hamdan DI. Carissa macrocarpa Leaves Polar Fraction Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1305. [PMID: 34959705 PMCID: PMC8709457 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction of hydromethanolic extract against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity was performed. Intriguingly, this fraction ameliorated Dox-induced cognitive dysfunction; reduced serum ROS and brain TNF-α levels, upregulated the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, markedly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression, and restored the histological architecture of the brain hippocampus. The in vivo study results were corroborated with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling that revealed the presence of a high percentage of the plant polyphenolics. Molecular modeling of several identified molecules in this fraction demonstrated a strong binding affinity of flavan-3-ol derivatives with TACE enzymes, in agreement with the experimental in vivo neuroprotective activity. In conclusion, the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction possesses neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating chemotherapeutic-induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. A. Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba M. A. Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Dalia Zaafar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Information and Technology, Cairo 11311, Egypt;
| | - Yasmine H. Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Reham A. Naggar
- Department of pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October, Giza 12566, Egypt;
| | - Hamad S. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - El-Shaymaa Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Dalia I. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt
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18
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Orabi MAA, Khalil HMA, Abouelela ME, Zaafar D, Ahmed YH, Naggar RA, Alyami HS, Abdel-Sattar ES, Matsunami K, Hamdan DI. Carissa macrocarpa Leaves Polar Fraction Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1305. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/ph14121305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction of hydromethanolic extract against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity was performed. Intriguingly, this fraction ameliorated Dox-induced cognitive dysfunction; reduced serum ROS and brain TNF-α levels, upregulated the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, markedly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression, and restored the histological architecture of the brain hippocampus. The in vivo study results were corroborated with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling that revealed the presence of a high percentage of the plant polyphenolics. Molecular modeling of several identified molecules in this fraction demonstrated a strong binding affinity of flavan-3-ol derivatives with TACE enzymes, in agreement with the experimental in vivo neuroprotective activity. In conclusion, the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction possesses neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating chemotherapeutic-induced side effects.
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19
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Orabi MAA, Khalil HMA, Abouelela ME, Zaafar D, Ahmed YH, Naggar RA, Alyami HS, Abdel-Sattar ES, Matsunami K, Hamdan DI. Carissa macrocarpa Leaves Polar Fraction Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14121305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic-related toxicity exacerbates the increasing death rate among cancer patients, necessitating greater efforts to find a speedy solution. An in vivo assessment of the protective effect of the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction of hydromethanolic extract against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced neurotoxicity was performed. Intriguingly, this fraction ameliorated Dox-induced cognitive dysfunction; reduced serum ROS and brain TNF-α levels, upregulated the brain nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, markedly reduced caspase-3 immunoexpression, and restored the histological architecture of the brain hippocampus. The in vivo study results were corroborated with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling that revealed the presence of a high percentage of the plant polyphenolics. Molecular modeling of several identified molecules in this fraction demonstrated a strong binding affinity of flavan-3-ol derivatives with TACE enzymes, in agreement with the experimental in vivo neuroprotective activity. In conclusion, the C. macrocarpa leaves polar fraction possesses neuroprotective activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating chemotherapeutic-induced side effects.
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20
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Bashir DW, Rashad MM, Ahmed YH, Drweesh EA, Elzahany EAM, Abou-El-Sherbini KS, El-Leithy EMM. The ameliorative effect of nanoselenium on histopathological and biochemical alterations induced by melamine toxicity on the brain of adult male albino rats. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:37-51. [PMID: 34216684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melamine is a chemical substance used as a food adulterant because of its high nitrogen content; it is known to induce neurotoxicity, thereby adversely affecting the central nervous system. The biocompatibility, bioavailability, lower toxicity, and the large surface area of nanosized selenium relative to its other forms indicate that selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have a potential ameliorative effect against melamine-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using 40 adult male albino rats that were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10 per group): group I rats served as the untreated negative controls and were fed with standard diet and distilled water; group II rats were orally treated with melamine (300 mg/kg body weight/d); group III rats orally received melamine (300 mg/kg body weight/d) and SeNPs (2 mg/kg body weight/d); and group IV rats received SeNPs only (2 mg/kg body weight/d) for 28 days. Blood and brain samples were collected from all rats and processed for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. SeNPs were encapsulated in starch as a natural stabilizer and a size-controlling agent (SeNP@starch). The prepared SeNPs were characterized using different techniques. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) indicated that the percentage of selenium loaded in starch was 1.888 %. Powder x-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to investigate the crystalline structure of the Se-NP@starch, to be tubular and composed of amorphous starch as well as metallic selenium. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the product and determined the interactions among the different components. Transmission electron microscope demonstrated the spherical shape of SeNPs and their dispersion into starch surface as well as evaluating their size in nanoscale (range 20-140 nm). Our results revealed that the melamine- exposed rats had significantly elevated in malondialdehyde levels, significantly reduced in total antioxidant capacity, down-regulated expression of the antioxidant related genes Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and GPx (glutathione peroxidase), as well as up-regulated expression of the apoptosis-related gene Bax (B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein), with down regulation of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2). Histopathological examination exhibited several alterations in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus of the treated rats compared with the controls. Neuronal degeneration, vacuolation of the neuropils, and pericellular and perivascular spaces were observed. In addition, the pyramidal and granular cell layers of the hippocampus and cerebellum, respectively, were found to have significantly reduced thickness. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the percentage area of the glial fibrillary acidic protein and a significant increase in the percentage area of caspase-3 were noted. On the other hand, co-treatment with SeNPs partially ameliorated these alterations. A significant reduction in malondialdehyde levels; a non- significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity; up-regulation, upregulation of Nrf2, GPx, and Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax were recorded. Neuronal degeneration, vacuolation of neuropils, and pericellular spaces were reduced. The pyramidal and granular cell layers restored their normal thickness. The percentage area of the glial fibrillary acidic protein significantly increased, whereas that of caspase-3 significantly decreased. In conclusion, SeNPs have an ameliorative effect against melamine-induced neurotoxicity in albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina W Bashir
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha M Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed A Drweesh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman A M Elzahany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ebtihal M M El-Leithy
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Mekkawy AM, Ahmed YH, Khalaf AAA, El-Sakhawy MA. Ameliorative effect of Nigella sativa oil and vitamin C on the thyroid gland and cerebellum of adult male albino rats exposed to Monosodium glutamate (histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies). Tissue Cell 2020; 66:101391. [PMID: 32933714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a major taste enhancer that is used as a food additive. Vitamin C (Vit C) and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) are known for their potent antioxidant activities. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the adverse effect of MSG on the thyroid gland and cerebellum of adult male albino rats and the protection against MSG-mediated toxicity provided by Vit C and NSO. DESIGN Fifty rats were divided into five groups that were treated via oral gavage. Group I (control) rats received distilled water, Group II rats were treated with MSG (6 mg/gm body weight/day), Group III rats were treated with MSG and Vit C (100 mg/kg body weight /day), Group IV rats were treated with MSG and NSO (50 mg/kg body weight two times per week), and Group V rats were treated with MSG together with both Vit C and NSO with MSG. After 60 days of treatment, rats were euthanized and histological sections were prepared from the thyroid gland and the cerebellum for routine staining and immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), Caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), respectively. Cerebellar tissue was also evaluated to determine glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; GSH was also measured in thyroid tissue. Serum levels of fT3, fT4 and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were also evaluated. RESULTS Microscopic examination of cerebellar tissues revealed significant cerebellar injury and cellular apoptosis among the rats in Group II. The thyroid glands of Group II rats were notable for degenerating follicles, loss of colloid, sloughed follicular cells and congested blood vessels. The cerebellar and thyroid tissues from rats in treatment Groups III, IV and V revealed significantly less pathology. Cerebellar and thyroid tissues from Group II rats that were treated with MSG alone revealed intense GFAP and caspase-3 (cerebellar) and PCNA (thyroid) immunoreactivity. Furthermore, cerebellar tissues from rats received MSG alone (Group II) were notable for decreased levels of GSH and increased levels of MDA; thyroid tissue from rats in Group II also demonstrated decreased levels of GSH. Likewise, serum fT3 and fT4 levels were significantly decreased, while serum TSH was significantly increased among rats in Group II. Combined administration of Vit C and NSO together with MSG (Group V) revealed some variations in oxidative parameters compared to those in the Group I control rats. CONCLUSIONS Oral intake of MSG resulted in degenerative changes in neurons and astrocytes in cerebellum and, also degeneration of the thyroid glands of albino rats. Concomitant administration of Vit C and NSO may limit MSG-induced damage to the cerebellum and thyroid glands and thereby provide significant protection against the oxidative damage induced by MSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Mekkawy
- Department of Cytology and Histology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Abdel Azeem A Khalaf
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Sakhawy
- Department of Cytology and Histology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt
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Ahmed YH, Bashir DW, Abdel-Moneam DA, Azouz RA, Galal MK. Histopathological, biochemical and molecular studies on the toxic effect of used engine oil on the health status of Oreochromis niloticus. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:563-574. [PMID: 31072619 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The accidental spilling of petroleum oils into natural water resources expose fishes in the effluent area to serious problems.. Oreochromis niloticus were used in the current study as a model to investigate the toxicity of used engine oil and to evaluate the protective role of vitamin C against this toxicity. The oil concentration used in this study was previously determined to be 0.25 ml/l by 96 h-LC50. After 21 days of engine oil exposure, haematological and biochemical analyses revealed significant reduction in RBCs counts, haemoglobin concentrations and total proteins. However, ALT, AST and glucose levels were significantly increased by the end of the experiment indicating the damaging effects of the oil on fish tissues. Oxidative stress biomarkers were also measured; liver CAT activity was significantly decreased in the oil exposed group compared to control group, while MDA levels were significantly elevated. Histopathological examination showed the presence of several alterations in hepatic and branchial tissues in exposed group compared to the control group. Significant elevations in CYP1 A1 mRNA expression levels in hepatic tissue were also detected in the group exposed to used engine oil compared to the control group. However, supplementation of fishexposed to used engine oil with vitamin Csignificantly enhance the biochemical, oxidative and histological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dina W Bashir
- Department of Cytology and Histology Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Abdel-Moneam
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Azouz
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mona K Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt.
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El-Sakhawy MA, Mohamed DW, Ahmed YH. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the effect of tartrazine on the cerebellum, submandibular glands, and kidneys of adult male albino rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:9574-9584. [PMID: 30726541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tartrazine is one of the most widely used food additives. The present investigation was carried out on 40 adult male albino rats. They were divided into four groups of ten animals for each. Group I was considered as a control group. Group II was treated with tartrazine daily in a dose 7.5 mg/kg body weight by oral gavage for 30 days. Group III was received 15 mg/kg body weight of tartrazine for the same period. Group IV was administered tartrazine in a dose 100 mg/kg body weight for the whole duration of the experiment. At the end of experiment, samples from the cerebellum, submandibular salivary glands, and kidneys were fixed in neutral buffered formalin 10% and prepared routinely for paraffin sectioning and staining for histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of proliferating cell nuclear antigen "PCNA" and glial fibrillar acidic protein "GFAP". Tartrazine-treated groups revealed histopathological degenerative changes in the obtained organs. In group II, the cerebellum showed subcortical edema, congestion of the blood vessels, cytoplasmic vacuolations, and pyknosis of the nuclei in the gray matter neurons. Concerning the submandibular glands, they expressed cytoplasmic vacuolations and pyknosis of the nuclei of the acinar cells, congestion of the interacinar blood capillaries, and degenerative changes in the striated duct. The kidneys appeared with interstitial hemorrhage and dilatation of the glomerular capillaries. The PCT and DCT showed ill-defined cell boundaries. The collecting tubules in the renal medulla appeared with flattened epithelial cells. The severity of these changes increases by increasing the dose of tartrazine in group III and reach to the highest level in group IV. The immunoexpression of the GFAP in the cerebellum of the experimental groups was intense compared to the control group. The immunoreactivity of PCNA in the nuclei of the acinar and ductal cells of the submandibular gland and the cells of the renal cortex and medulla was strong in the tartrazine-treated groups compared to the control group. The current study concluded that the tartrazine had serious effect on the cerebellum, submandibular glands, and kidneys that adversely affect the functions of these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Sakhawy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Med, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina W Mohamed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Med, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Med, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ahmed YH. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reactions. East Mediterr Health J 1999; 5:831. [PMID: 11338708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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al Attia HM, Sherif AM, Hossain MM, Ahmed YH. The demographic and clinical spectrum of Arab versus Asian patients with ankylosing spondylitis in the UAE. Rheumatol Int 1998; 17:193-6. [PMID: 9542780 DOI: 10.1007/s002960050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis is a rather uncommon condition in the UAE. Over a period of 10 years. 28 hospital-based patients diagnosed as having AS were retrospectively studied. They included 17 Arabs and 11 Asians. The onset of AS in most patients in this study was in adulthood (mean age at onset was 27.7 years in Arabs and 28.75 years in Asians). HLA B27 was positive in 56 and 81% in these two populations, respectively (P > 0.05). Analysis of these figures, however, along with previous relevant published data, could indicate that Arabs with AS are less likely to be B27-positive than Asians. Among the Arab patients there was not a single case from the local community, which could be attributed to the extremely low rate of B27 phenotype in their normal population. The interracial variations in the frequency of clinical features were statistically insignificant, therefore indicating some degree of similarity in the form and disease expression in both groups. AS is characterized as being predominantly axial in the majority of our patients. Extraspinal (oligo-poly) arthropathy involved mainly hips and knees, and there have been fewer extra-articular manifestations compared with other series published.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M al Attia
- Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
All female sterilization patients in Bangladesh receive five-day courses of tetracycline capsules every six hours as a postoperative prophylactic. A double-blind randomized study was conducted by the Bangladesh Fertility Research Programme (BFRP) to determine whether prophylactic antibiotics reduced infection after minilaparotomy, and to compare the prophylactic effectiveness of tetracycline and ampicillin. Women recruited from throughout Bangladesh (N = 1350) received five-day courses of 250 mg tetracycline, 250 mg ampicillin, or placebo. The infection rate was significantly lower with tetracycline than with placebo (6% vs 10% with placebo), but did not differ significantly between the ampicillin and placebo groups or between the tetracycline and ampicillin groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Akhter
- Bangladesh Fertility Research Programme, Dhaka
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