1
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Kiat Y, O’Connor JK. Functional constraints on the number and shape of flight feathers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306639121. [PMID: 38346196 PMCID: PMC10895369 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306639121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
As a fundamental ecological aspect of most organisms, locomotor function significantly constrains morphology. At the same time, the evolution of novel locomotor abilities has produced dramatic morphological transformations, initiating some of the most significant diversifications in life history. Despite significant new fossil evidence, it remains unclear whether volant locomotion had a single or multiple origins in pennaraptoran dinosaurs and the volant abilities of individual taxa are controversial. The evolution of powered flight in modern birds involved exaptation of feathered surfaces extending off the limbs and tail yet most studies concerning flight potential in pennaraptorans do not account for the structure and morphology of the wing feathers themselves. Analysis of the number and shape of remex and rectrix feathers across a large dataset of extant birds indicates that the number of remiges and rectrices and the degree of primary vane asymmetry strongly correlate with locomotor ability revealing important functional constraints. Among these traits, phenotypic flexibility varies reflected by the different rates at which morphological changes evolve, such that some traits reflect the ancestral condition, whereas others reflect current locomotor function. While Mesozoic birds and Microraptor have remex morphologies consistent with extant volant birds, that of anchiornithines deviate significantly providing strong evidence this clade was not volant. The results of these analyses support a single origin of dinosaurian flight and indicate the early stages of feathered wing evolution are not sampled by the currently available fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL60605
| | - Jingmai K. O’Connor
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL60605
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2
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Kiat Y, O'Connor JK. Rarity of molt evidence in early pennaraptoran dinosaurs suggests annual molt evolved later among Neornithes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:687. [PMID: 37400509 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Feathers are a primitive trait among pennaraptoran dinosaurs, which today are represented by crown birds (Neornithes), the only clade of dinosaurs to survive the end Cretaceous mass extinction. Feathers are central to many important functions and therefore, maintaining plumage function is of great importance for survival. Thus, molt - by which new feathers are formed to replace old ones, is an essential process. Our limited knowledge regarding molt in early pennaraptoran evolution is based largely on a single Microraptor specimen. A survey of 92 feathered non-avian dinosaur and stem bird fossils did not find additional molting evidence. Due to its longer duration, in ornithological collections evidence of molt is found more frequently in extant bird species with sequential molts compared to those with more rapid simultaneous molts. The low frequency of molt occurrence among fossil specimens resembles collections of bird species with simultaneous molts. The dearth of molt evidence in the forelimbs of pennaraptoran specimens may have interesting implications regarding molt strategy during early avian evolution, and suggests that the yearly molting cycle may have evolved later, among crown birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA.
| | - Jingmai Kathleen O'Connor
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
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Matyjasiak P, López-Calderón C, Ambrosini R, Balbontín J, Costanzo A, Kiat Y, Romano A, Rubolini D. Wing morphology covaries with migration distance in a highly aerial insectivorous songbird. Curr Zool 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
According to classical prediction of aerodynamic theory, birds and other powered fliers that migrate over long distances should have longer and more pointed wings than those that migrate less. However, the association between wing morphology and migratory behavior can be masked by contrasting selective pressures related to foraging behavior, habitat selection and predator avoidance, possibly at the cost of lower flight energetic efficiency. We studied the handwing morphology of Eurasian barn swallows Hirundo rustica from four populations representing a migration distance gradient. This species is an aerial insectivore, so it flies extensively while foraging, and may migrate during the day using a ‘fly-and-forage’ migration strategy. Prolonged foraging flights may reinforce the effects of migration distance on flight morphology. We found that two wings’ aerodynamic properties – isometric handwing length and pointedness, both favoring energetically efficient flight, were more pronounced in barn swallows from populations undertaking longer seasonal migrations compared to less migratory populations. Our result contrast with two recent interspecific comparative studies that either reported no relationship or reported a negative relationship between pointedness and the degree of migratory behavior in hirundines. Our results may thus contribute to confirming the universality of the rule that longer migrations are associated with more pointed wings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Matyjasiak
- Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64 , PL-00-679 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3 , PL-01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cosme López-Calderón
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio Verde , Avda. de Reina Mercedes s/n, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Americo Vespucio s/n , E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26 , I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Balbontín
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio Verde , Avda. de Reina Mercedes s/n, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alessandra Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26 , I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yosef Kiat
- Israeli Bird Ringing Center (IBRC), Israel Ornithological Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel , Hanegev 2, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrea Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26 , I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26 , I-20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, IRSA-CNR, Via del Mulino 19 , I-20861 Brugherio (MB), Italy
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Lombardo G, Migliore NR, Colombo G, Capodiferro MR, Formenti G, Caprioli M, Moroni E, Caporali L, Lancioni H, Secomandi S, Gallo GR, Costanzo A, Romano A, Garofalo M, Cereda C, Carelli V, Gillespie L, Liu Y, Kiat Y, Marzal A, López-Calderón C, Balbontín J, Mousseau TA, Matyjasiak P, Møller AP, Semino O, Ambrosini R, Alquati AB, Rubolini D, Ferretti L, Achilli A, Gianfranceschi L, Olivieri A, Torroni A. The Mitogenome Relationships and Phylogeography of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica). Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6591937. [PMID: 35617136 PMCID: PMC9174979 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) poses a number of fascinating scientific questions, including the taxonomic status of postulated subspecies. Here we obtained and assessed the sequence variation of 411 complete mitogenomes, mainly from the European H. r. rustica, but other subspecies as well. In almost every case, we observed subspecies-specific haplogroups, which we employed together with estimated radiation times to postulate a model for the geographical and temporal worldwide spread of the species. The female barn swallow carrying the Hirundo rustica ancestral mitogenome left Africa (or its vicinity) around 280 thousand years ago (kya), and her descendants expanded first into Eurasia and then, at least 51 kya, into the Americas, from where a relatively recent (< 20 kya) back migration to Asia took place. The exception to the haplogroup subspecies specificity is represented by the sedentary Levantine H. r. transitiva that extensively shares haplogroup A with the migratory European H. r. rustica and, to a lesser extent, haplogroup B with the Egyptian H. r. savignii. Our data indicate that rustica and transitiva most likely derive from a sedentary Levantine population source that split at the end of the Younger Dryas (11.7 kya). Since then, however, transitiva received genetic inputs from and admixed with both the closely related rustica and the adjacent savignii. Demographic analyses confirm this species' strong link with climate fluctuations and human activities making it an excellent indicator for monitoring and assessing the impact of current global changes on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Rambaldi Migliore
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Rosario Capodiferro
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulio Formenti
- Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Manuela Caprioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Caporali
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hovirag Lancioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Secomandi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Roberto Gallo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Garofalo
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, 40139 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lauren Gillespie
- Department of Academic Education, Central Community College, Columbus, NE 68601, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yosef Kiat
- Israeli Bird Ringing Center (IBRC), Israel Ornithological Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alfonso Marzal
- Department of Zoology, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cosme López-Calderón
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Balbontín
- Department of Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Timothy A Mousseau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Piotr Matyjasiak
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Ornella Semino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bonisoli Alquati
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University - Pomona, Pomona, CA 91767, USA
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Gianfranceschi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Aharon-Rotman Y, McEvoy JF, Kiat Y, Raz T, Perlman GY. Time to Move On: The Role of Greenness in Africa and Temperatures at a Mediterranean Stopover Site in Migration Decision of Long-Distance Migratory Passerines. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.834074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many migratory species have advanced their migration timing as a response to advanced breeding conditions. While data on arrival timing to breeding grounds in Europe is plentiful, information from the African departure sites are scarce. Here we investigated changes in arrival timing of four long-distance migratory passerines to a stopover site in Israel and potential links to Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) at the species-specific African pre-departure sites and local temperatures at the stopover site. We found that Lesser whitethroat (Curruca curruca) and Eastern Bonelli’s warbler (Phylloscopus orientalis) advanced arrival to the stopover site. The arrival timing of Thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and Olive-tree warbler (Hippolais olivetorum) did not change and was associated with mean EVI at the pre-departure site in Africa during the pre-migratory period. Additionally, temperatures at the stopover site affected the arrival timing of Lesser whitethroat only. This is probably because this species breed at higher northern latitudes and fine-tune their migration timing to match local conditions. Our results show that spring migration can be influenced by exogenous cues such as weather condition and food availability, and the level of response is species-specific. Moreover, some species show flexibility and fine-tuned migration speed in response to local conditions en route. While flexibility seems advantageous, dependence on multiple sites with varying conditions may ultimately limit advanced arrival to the breeding ground and result in mismatch with optimal conditions.
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Kiat Y, Sapir N. Evolutionary trade-off between male colouration and feather moult extent also indirectly determines female moult. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:278-287. [PMID: 34935231 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Males and females are often influenced by different selective forces, frequently resulting in diverging phenotypes, for example in colouration. Since an animal's colouration may strongly influence its fitness, causes and consequences of sexual dichromatism in birds could aid in understanding important factors affecting sexual and natural selection. Variation in plumage ornamentation may affect mate attraction or intraspecific antagonistic behaviour. In most passerines, body plumage colouration of juveniles is obtained through the process of feather moult. The number of moulted wing and tail feathers, which also influences the bird's appearance, may affect its fitness. Here, we show that body plumage colouration of male, but not female, passerines is correlated with the number of moulted wing and tail feathers in the early stage of the bird's life for both sexes. Thus, the extent of wing and tail moult in females is not modulated by the female's colouration and can prevent females from reaching their sex-specific optima. This result could be explained by high intersexual genetic correlations, which might make it impossible for the sexes to reach their own trait fitness optima. Our findings may indicate that species-specific, rather than sex-specific, internal correlations shaped bird moult strategy, an important avian life-history trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Nir Sapir
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
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Hoffman T, Carra LG, Öhagen P, Fransson T, Barboutis C, Piacentini D, Figuerola J, Kiat Y, Onrubia A, Jaenson TGT, Nilsson K, Lundkvist Å, Olsen B. Association between guilds of birds in the African-Western Palaearctic region and the tick species Hyalomma rufipes, one of the main vectors of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. One Health 2021; 13:100349. [PMID: 34825045 PMCID: PMC8605260 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ecology of the vertebrate host contributes to the geographical range expansion of ticks. In this study, we investigated which tick taxa that infest and are dispersed by birds along African-Western Palaearctic flyways during northward migration, and whether bird ecology was associated with tick taxa. Materials and methods Ticks were collected from birds trapped at bird observatories in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Israel during the spring migration of 2014 and 2015, using mist nets. The tick-infested bird species were classified into guilds, using different combinations of the variables: migration distance, wintering region, foraging behaviour, and winter habitat. Ticks were molecularly determined to genus and species level by sequencing fragments of the 12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and by phylogenetic inference, using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Data were analysed using descriptive measures, graphs, Chi2 tests, the Tukey-Kramer test, and a parametric linear model (generalized linear model) in order to analyse and adjust for characteristics in the bird guilds and their relationship to collected tick taxa. Results Most (84.2%) of the 10,209 trapped birds were long-distance migrants, of which 2.4% were infested by ticks. The most common tick species was Hyalomma rufipes (77.7%; 447/575), a known vector and reservoir of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Bird guilds containing only long-distance migrants with wintering areas in Africa were associated with the tick species H. rufipes (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, bird winter habitat was associated with H. rufipes (p = 0.003); with bird species overwintering in open habitat (p = 0.014) and wetlands (p = 0.046) having significantly more H. rufipes as compared to birds with a winter habitat comprising forest and shrubs (p = 0.82). Conclusions With climate change, the likelihood of establishment of permanent Hyalomma populations in central and northern Europe is increasing. Thus, surveillance programs for monitoring the risk of introduction and establishment of H. rufipes in the Western-Palaearctic should be established. Our study suggests that migratory bird species wintering in African open habitats and wetlands are good candidates for monitoring potential introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura G Carra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Öhagen
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 38, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thord Fransson
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos Barboutis
- Antikythira Bird Observatory, Hellenic Ornithological Society/BirdLife Greece, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 410 92 Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 280 29 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yosef Kiat
- Israeli Bird Ringing Center (IBRC), Israel Ornithological Center (IOC), Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI), Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Thomas G T Jaenson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kiat Y, Slavenko A, Sapir N. Body mass and geographic distribution determined the evolution of the wing flight-feather molt strategy in the Neornithes lineage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21573. [PMID: 34732791 PMCID: PMC8566465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary history of many organisms is characterized by major changes in morphology and distribution. Specifically, alterations of body mass and geographic distribution may profoundly influence organismal life-history traits. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of flight-feather molt strategy using data from 1,808 Neornithes species. Our analysis suggests that the ancestral molt strategy of first-year birds was partial or entirely absent, and that complete wing flight-feather molt in first-year birds first evolved in the late Eocene and Oligocene (25-40 Ma), at least 30 Myr after birds first evolved. Complete flight-feather molt occurred mainly at equatorial latitudes and in relatively low body mass species, following a diversification of body mass within the lineage. We conclude that both body mass and geographic distribution shaped the evolution of molt strategies and propose that the evolutionary transition towards complete juvenile molt in the Neornithes is a novel, relatively late adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology & Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Alex Slavenko
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nir Sapir
- grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology & Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
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Kiat Y, Pyle P, Balaban A, O'Connor JK. Reinterpretation of purported molting evidence in the Thermopolis Archaeopteryx. Commun Biol 2021; 4:837. [PMID: 34226661 PMCID: PMC8257594 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. .,The Nili & David Jerusalem Bird Observatory (JBO), Israel Ornithological Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Peter Pyle
- The Institute for Bird Populations, Petaluma, CA, USA
| | - Amir Balaban
- The Nili & David Jerusalem Bird Observatory (JBO), Israel Ornithological Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
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Aharon-Rotman Y, Perlman G, Kiat Y, Raz T, Balaban A, Iwamura T. Limited flexibility in departure timing of migratory passerines at the East-Mediterranean flyway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5184. [PMID: 33664291 PMCID: PMC7933344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid pace of current global warming lead to the advancement of spring migration in the majority of long-distance migratory bird species. While data on arrival timing to breeding grounds in Europe is plentiful, information from the African departure sites are scarce. Here we analysed changes in arrival timing at a stopover site in Israel and any links to Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) on the species-specific African non-breeding range in three migratory passerines between 2000-2017. Differences in wing length between early and late arriving individuals were also examined as a proxy for migration distance. We found that male redstart, but not females, advanced arrival to stopover site, but interestingly, not as a response to EVI phenology. Blackcap and barred warbler did not shift arrival timing significantly, although the arrival of blackcap was dependent on EVI. Barred warbler from the early arrival phase had longer wings, suggesting different populations. Our study further supports the existence species-specific migration decisions and inter-sexual differences, which may be triggered by both exogenous (local vegetation condition) and endogenous cues. Given rapid rate of changes in environmental conditions at higher latitudes, some migrants may experience difficulty in the race to match global changes to ensure their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Aharon-Rotman
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Gidon Perlman
- The Nili and David Jerusalem Bird Observatory, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosef Kiat
- The Nili and David Jerusalem Bird Observatory, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Raz
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Balaban
- The Nili and David Jerusalem Bird Observatory, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Takuya Iwamura
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Kiat Y, Balaban A, Sapir N, O'Connor JK, Wang M, Xu X. Sequential Molt in a Feathered Dinosaur and Implications for Early Paravian Ecology and Locomotion. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3633-3638.e2. [PMID: 32679101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Feather molt is an important life-history process in birds, but little is known about its evolutionary history. Here, we report on the first fossilized evidence of sequential wing feather molt, a common strategy among extant birds, identified in the Early Cretaceous four-winged dromaeosaurid Microraptor. Analysis of wing feather molt patterns and ecological properties in extant birds imply that Microraptor maintained its flight ability throughout the entire annual cycle, including the molt period. Therefore, we conclude that flight was essential for either its daily foraging or escaping from predators. Our findings propose that the development of sequential molt is the outcome of evolutionary forces to maintain flight capability throughout the entire annual cycle in both extant birds and non-avialan paravian dinosaurs from 120 mya. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; The Nili & David Jerusalem Bird Observatory (JBO), Israel Ornithological Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Amir Balaban
- The Nili & David Jerusalem Bird Observatory (JBO), Israel Ornithological Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Sapir
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Jingmai Kathleen O'Connor
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China.
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Abstract
Many ground-nesting bird species are suffering from habitat loss and population decline. Data on population ecology and demography in colonies of threatened species are thus essential for designing effective conservation protocols. Here, we used extensive ringing and observation data to estimate directly, for the first time, the survival rate of juvenile and adult Little Tern (Sternula albifrons), as well as testing for a possible effect of age on probability of survival. We estimated adult annual survival rate to be 0.77, and juvenile (first year) survival to be 0.49 with a possible linear decrease in the survival rate of the juveniles that ranged from 0.681 to 0.327. We found no evidence that survival was age-dependent among the early age classes after the first year. We discuss these findings in light of survival estimates for other species, and their implications for the Little Tern conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Schekler
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Israel Ornithological Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosef Kiat
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Israel Ornithological Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roi Dor
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
Global warming alters various avian phenological processes, including advanced reproduction and migration schedules. In birds, individual appearance is largely determined by plumage, influencing, for example, bird attractiveness, social status and camouflage. Juveniles of most passerine species replace their nest-grown plumage during the first months of life, a process that is called post-juvenile feather moult. Using data from ten natural history collections, we show that the extent of the post-juvenile moult has increased significantly over the last 212 years (1805-2016), a trend that is positively correlated with the temperature of the environment. Therefore, it seems that birds replaced more feathers under warmer conditions, causing juveniles to appear more similar to adult birds. Moreover, in several species, we describe a male-female switch in the extent of moult, with females currently replacing more feathers than males compared to the past. These results demonstrate different biological responses to climate warming by different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kiat
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Y Vortman
- Hula Research Centre, Department of Animal Sciences, Tel-Hai College, 1220800, Upper Galilee, Israel.
| | - N Sapir
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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Hoffman T, Lindeborg M, Barboutis C, Erciyas-Yavuz K, Evander M, Fransson T, Figuerola J, Jaenson TGT, Kiat Y, Lindgren PE, Lundkvist Å, Mohamed N, Moutailler S, Nyström F, Olsen B, Salaneck E. Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever Virus RNA in Hyalomma rufipes Ticks Infesting Migratory Birds, Europe and Asia Minor. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:879-882. [PMID: 29664386 PMCID: PMC5938767 DOI: 10.3201/eid2405.171369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus RNA was detected in immature Hyalomma rufipes ticks infesting northward migratory birds caught in the North Mediterranean Basin. This finding suggests a role for birds in the ecology of the Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus and a potential mechanism for dissemination to novel regions. Increased surveillance is warranted.
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Raković M, Neto JM, Lopes RJ, Koblik EA, Fadeev IV, Lohman YV, Aghayan SA, Boano G, Pavia M, Perlman Y, Kiat Y, Ben Dov A, Collinson JM, Voelker G, Drovetski SV. Geographic patterns of mtDNA and Z-linked sequence variation in the Common Chiffchaff and the 'chiffchaff complex'. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210268. [PMID: 30608988 PMCID: PMC6319743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita is an abundant, polytypic Palearctic bird. Validity of some of its subspecies is controversial and birds from some parts of the species range remain unclassified taxonomically. The relationships among populations from different geographic areas have not been sufficiently explored with molecular data. In this study we analyzed the relationships among the four species in the ‘chiffchaff complex’ (Common Chiffchaff, Iberian Chiffchaff P. ibericus, Canary Islands Chiffchaff P. canariensis and Mountain Chiffchaff P. sindianus), and the patterns of intraspecific geographic variation in the mtDNA ND2 gene and intron 9 of the Z-linked aconitase gene (ACO1I9) across the Common Chiffchaff range, including a recently discovered population breeding on Mt. Hermon (Anti-Lebanon mountains). Our data supported the monophyly of the chiffchaff complex and its current systematics at the species level. Within the Common Chiffchaff, the Siberian race P. c. tristis was the most differentiated subspecies and may represent a separate or incipient species. Other Common Chiffchaff subspecies also were differentiated in their mtDNA, however, lineages of neighboring subspecies formed wide zones of introgression. The Mt. Hermon population was of mixed genetic origin but contained some birds with novel unique lineage that could not be assigned to known subspecies. All Common Chiffchaff lineages diverged at the end of the Ionian stage of Pleistocene. Lineage sorting of ACO1I9 alleles was not as complete as that of mtDNA. Chiffchaff species were mostly distinct at ACO1I9, except the Common and Canary Islands Chiffchaffs that shared multiple alleles. An AMOVA identified geographic structure in Common Chiffchaff ACO1I9 variation that was broadly consistent with that of mtDNA ND2 gene. The genetic and other data suggest the chiffchaff complex to be a group of evolutionarily young taxa that represent a paradigm of ‘species evolution in action’ from intergrading subspecies through to apparently complete biological speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Raković
- Natural History Museum Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
| | - Júlio M. Neto
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J. Lopes
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Evgeniy A. Koblik
- Department of Ornithology, Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Fadeev
- Department of Collections, State Darwin Museum, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sargis A. Aghayan
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Marco Pavia
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Yoav Perlman
- Israeli Ornithological Centre, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosef Kiat
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - J. Martin Collinson
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Voelker
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sergei V. Drovetski
- Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States of America
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Kiat Y, Izhaki I, Sapir N. The effects of long-distance migration on the evolution of moult strategies in Western-Palearctic passerines. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:700-720. [PMID: 30334341 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although feathers are the unifying characteristic of all birds, our understanding of the causes, mechanisms, patterns and consequences of the feather moult process lags behind that of other major avian life-history phenomena such as reproduction and long-distance migration. Migration, which evolved in many species of the temperate and arctic zones, requires high energy expenditure to endure long-distance journeys. About a third of Western-Palearctic passerines perform long-distance migrations of thousands of kilometres each year using various morphological, physiological, biomechanical, behavioural and life-history adaptations. The need to include the largely non-overlapping breeding, long-distance migration and feather moult processes within the annual cycle imposes a substantial constraint on the time over which the moult process can take place. Here, we review four feather-moult-related adaptations which, likely due to time constraints, evolved among long-distance Western-Palearctic migrants: (i) increased moult speed; (ii) increased overlap between moult and breeding or migration; (iii) decreased extent of plumage moult; and (iv) moult of part or all of the plumage during the over-wintering period in the tropics rather than in the breeding areas. We suggest that long-distance migration shaped the evolution of moult strategies and increased the diversity of these strategies among migratory passerines. In contrast to this variation, all resident passerines in the Western Palearctic moult immediately after breeding by renewing the entire plumage of adults and in some species also juveniles, while in other species juvenile moult is partial. We identify important gaps in our current understanding of the moult process that should be addressed in the future. Notably, previous studies suggested that the ancestral moult strategy is a post-breeding summer moult in the Western Palearctic breeding areas and that moult during the winter evolved due to the scheduling of long-distance migration immediately after breeding. We offer an alternative hypothesis based on the notion of southern ancestry, proposing that the ancestral moult strategy was a complete moult during the 'northern winter' in the Afro-tropical region in these species, for both adults and juveniles. An important aspect of the observed variation in moult strategies relates to their control mechanisms and we suggest that there is insufficient knowledge regarding the physiological mechanisms that are involved, and whether they are genetically fixed or shaped by environmental factors. Finally, research effort is needed on how global climate changes may influence avian annual routines by altering the scheduling of major processes such as long-distance migration and feather moult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Izhaki
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nir Sapir
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa 199 Aba Khoushy Avenue, Mount Carmel 3498838, Haifa, Israel
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nir Sapir
- Animal Flight Laboratory, Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Frenkel Z, Kiat Y, Izhaki I, Snir S. Convex recoloring as an evolutionary marker. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:209-220. [PMID: 27818264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the availability of enormous quantities of genetic data it has become common to construct very accurate trees describing the evolutionary history of the species under study, as well as every single gene of these species. These trees allow us to examine the evolutionary compliance of given markers (characters). A marker compliant with the history of the species investigated, has undergone mutations along the species tree branches, such that every subtree of that tree exhibits a different state. Convex recoloring (CR) uses combinatorial representation to measure the adequacy of a taxonomic classifier to a given tree. Despite its biological origins, research on CR has been almost exclusively dedicated to mathematical properties of the problem, or variants of it with little, if any, relationship to taxonomy. In this work we return to the origins of CR. We put CR in a statistical framework and introduce and learn the notion of the statistical significance of a character. We apply this measure to two data sets - Passerine birds and prokaryotes, and four examples. These examples demonstrate various applications of CR, from evolutionary relatedness, through lateral evolution, to supertree construction. The above study was done with a new software that we provide, containing algorithmic improvement with a graphical output of a (optimally) recolored tree. AVAILABILITY A code implementing the features and a README is available at http://research.haifa.ac.il/ssagi/software/convexrecoloring.zip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Frenkel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Yosef Kiat
- Israeli Bird Ringing Center, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Israel
| | - Ido Izhaki
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Sagi Snir
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Israel
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Kiat Y, Izhaki I. Moult Strategies Affect Age Differences in Autumn Migration Timing in East Mediterranean Migratory Passerines. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147471. [PMID: 26797292 PMCID: PMC4721648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult passerines renew their flight feathers at least once every year. This complete moult occurs either in the breeding areas, just after breeding (summer moult), or, in some long-distance migratory species, at the non-breeding areas, after arrival to the southern wintering area at the end of autumn migration (winter moult). The aim of this study was to relate moult strategies with the DMD, the difference in median migration date, through Israel, between juveniles and adults. Our data on autumn migration timing in juveniles and adults was based on ringing data of 49,125 individuals belonging to 23 passerine species that breed in Europe and Western Asia and migrate through Israel. We found that DMD was associated with moult timing. In all species that perform a winter moult, adults preceded juveniles during autumn. Among migrants who perform a summer moult, we found evidence of both migration timing patterns: juveniles preceding adults or adults preceding juveniles. In addition, in summer moulters, we found a significant, positive correlation between mean breeding latitude and DMD. Although previous studies described that moult duration and extent can be affected by migration, we suggest that moult strategies affect both migration timing and migration strategy. These two moult strategies (summer or winter moult) also represent two unique migration strategies. Our findings highlight the evolutionary interplay between moult and migration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Kiat
- Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Izhaki
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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