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Baek JE, Choi IH, Cho YW, Kim J, Lee YJ, Kim MC, Kim KO, Cho YS. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in the intensive care unit: a KASID multi-centre study. J Hosp Infect 2023; 139:106-112. [PMID: 37451405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing clinical and economic burden of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), data on CDI in the intensive care unit (ICU) in the Asia-Pacific region are lacking. METHODS This retrospective study analysed 191 patients who were treated with CDI in the ICUs of three hospitals in South Korea from January 2017 to May 2021. Backward-stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing the treatment response and mortality. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (30.4%) were considered immunocompromised. The mean Charlson comorbidity index was 5.65 ± 2.39 (10-year survival rate: 21%), the APACHE II score was 20.86 ± 7.78 (mortality rate: 40%), the ATLAS score was 5.45 ± 1.59 (cure rate: 75%), and the SOFA score was 7.97 ± 4.03 (mortality rate: 21.5%). Fifty-eight (30.4%) of the CDI cases were severe and 40 (20.9%) were fulminant. Oral vancomycin or oral metronidazole was the most frequently first-line treatments (N = 57; 32.6%). The 10-day response rate was 59.7% and the eight-week overall mortality rate was 41.4%. Fulminant CDI (OR 0.230; 95% CI 0.085-0.623) and each one-unit increment in the SOFA score (OR 0.848; 95% CI 0.759-0.947) were associated with treatment failure. High APACHE II (OR 0.355; 95% CI 0.143-0.880) and SOFA (OR 0.164; 95% CI 0.061-0.441) scores were associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS High-risk patients in the ICU had a higher mortality rate and a lower cure rate of CDI. Further research is required to provide more accurate prediction scoring systems and better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Baek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - M C Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - K O Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-S Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kim SS, Cho YW. Melatonin modulates nitric oxide-regulated WNK-SPAK/OSR1-NKCC1 signaling in dorsal raphe nucleus of rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 25:449-457. [PMID: 34448462 PMCID: PMC8405441 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.5.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the alternating activity of sleep- and wake-promoting neurons. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) secretes 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), promoting wakefulness. Melatonin secreted from the pineal gland also promotes wakefulness in rats. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that daily changes in nitric oxide (NO) production regulates a signaling pathway involving with-no-lysine kinase (WNK), Ste20-related proline alanine rich kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress response kinase 1 (OSR1), and cation-chloride co-transporters (CCC) in rat DRN serotonergic neurons. This study was designed to investigate the effect of melatonin on NO-regulated WNK-SPAK/OSR1-CCC signaling in wake-inducing DRN neurons to elucidate the mechanism underlying melatonin's wake-promoting actions in rats. Ex vivo treatment of DRN slices with melatonin suppressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression and increased WNK4 expression without altering WNK1, 2, or 3. Melatonin increased phosphorylation of OSR1 and the expression of sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 (NKCC1), while potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) remained unchanged. Melatonin increased the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2, serotonin-synthesizing enzyme). The present study suggests that melatonin may promote its wakefulness by modulating NO-regulated WNK-SPAK/OSR1-KNCC1 signaling in rat DRN serotonergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.,Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Kim SJ, Cho YW, Park JY. The present and future of the Korean Medical Practice Review Authority. J Korean Med Assoc 2021. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2021.64.8.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Korean Medical Association (KMA) has been working on medical appraisals for the last 30 years. In 2019, the Korean Medical Practice Review Authority (KMPRA) was established to systematically promote medical appraisal. In addition, regulations related to medical appraisals were amended, professional committees of KMPRA established, and medical case management programs developed. This study reviews the history, present challenges, and the future of KMPRA.Current Concepts: The efforts made by KMA for the development of KMPRA have provided evidence of the excellence of medical appraisal system, with a highly professional, fast, and transparent medical practice review system. Nevertheless, KMPRA has not completely resolved the social distrust of fairness and the quickness of medical appraisals. It is necessary to identify the obstacles that exist in the current appraisal system for the continued development of KMPRA. Currently, KMPRA faces several challenges, such as lack of independence, financial constraints, dichotomized process of medical appraisal, and insufficient administrative manpower, in the process of handling thousands of requested cases. To improve the level of expertise of the professional medical appraisal system, independence, fairness, and speed of its process, KMPRA requires more attention and support from KMA and other major professional medical organizations.Discussion and Conclusion: KMPRA is committed to fulfilling the social responsibility of fair medical appraisal, and it will ultimately contribute to resolving social conflicts derived from medical services and further improving trust relationships with the public.
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Min D, Park S, Kim H, Lee SH, Ahn Y, Jung W, Kim HJ, Cho YW. Potential anti-ageing effect of chondroitin sulphate through skin regeneration. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:520-527. [PMID: 32583476 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin ageing is inevitably exposed through its typical features such as wrinkles and sagging. Therefore, skin anti-ageing is a major issue in cosmetic research to prevent and improve ageing symptoms using effective ingredients. Chondroitin sulphate (CS), a type of glycosaminoglycan, is an important structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is involved in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of CS on skin regeneration and examine its efficacy as a potential safe and effective skin anti-ageing ingredient. METHODS We investigated the effects of CS on cell proliferation in normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Then, cell migration, ECM synthesis and related signalling pathways were examined in fibroblasts through gene and protein expression analysis. Finally, the effect on skin wound healing and regeneration was validated using a full-thickness skin wound model and an aged skin model. RESULTS Chondroitin sulphate treatment increased the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It also stimulated the migration and synthesis of ECM components of fibroblasts. Further analysis revealed that CS induced the expression of type I procollagen by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Using a full-thickness skin wound model and an aged skin model, we confirmed that CS treatment promoted skin wound healing and regeneration. CONCLUSION Together, our results indicated that CS has the potential to facilitate skin regeneration, implying that CS could be clinically applied to improve skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Min
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC R&D Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - W Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, AMOREPACIFIC R&D Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Kim Y, Kang I, Kim SS, Cho YW. Role of nitric oxide and WNK-SPAK/OSR1-KCC2 signaling in daily changes in GABAergic inhibition in the rat dorsal raphe neurons. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:355-367. [PMID: 29596900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) act as wake-inducing neurons in the sleep-wake cycle and are controlled by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synaptic inputs. We investigated daily changes in GABAergic inhibition of the rat DRN neurons and the role of nitric oxide (NO) and cation-chloride co-transporters in the GABAergic action. Neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) was co-expressed in 74% of serotonergic DRN neurons and nNOS expression was higher during daytime (the sleep cycle) than that during nighttime (the wake cycle). GABAergic hyperpolarization of DRN neurons produced by GABAA receptor agonist muscimol was greater and the equilibrium potential of muscimol showed a hyperpolarizing shift during daytime compared to that during nighttime. Expression levels of potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) were higher during daytime than that during nighttime, whereas there were no changes in sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) expression. With-no-lysine kinase (WNK) isoform 1 was more highly expressed during daytime than that during nighttime. Total Ste20-related proline alanine rich kinase (SPAK) and oxidative stress response kinase 1 (OSR1) were also higher during daytime than during nighttime, while there were no changes in phosphorylated SPAK and OSR1. Consistent with the findings during the sleep-wake cycle, ex vivo treatment of DRN slices with a NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increased the expression of KCC2, WNK1, WNK2, WNK3, SPAK, and OSR1, whilst decreasing phosphorylated SPAK. These results suggest that GABAergic synaptic inhibition of DRN serotonergic neurons shows daily changes during the sleep-wake cycle, which might be regulated by daily changes in nNOS-derived NO and WNK-SPAK/OSR1-KCC2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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Shin JS, Ryu S, Jang DS, Cho YW, Chung EK, Lee KT. Amomum tsao-ko fruit extract suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase by inducing heme oxygenase-1 in macrophages and in septic mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 96:395-405. [PMID: 26852687 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarié (Zingiberaceae) has traditionally been used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as throat infections, malaria, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects and the molecular mechanisms of the methanol extract of A. tsao-ko (AOM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and in a murine model of sepsis. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, AOM reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression at the protein and mRNA levels. Pretreatment with SnPP (a selective inhibitor of HO-1) and silencing HO-1 using siRNA prevented the AOM-mediated inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression. Furthermore, AOM increased the expression and nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which enhanced Nrf2 binding to antioxidant response element (ARE). In addition, AOM induced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC; a ROS scavenger) diminished the AOM-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK and AOM-induced HO-1 expression, suggesting that ERK and JNK are downstream mediators of ROS during the AOM-induced signalling of HO-1 expression. In LPS-induced endotoxaemic mice, pretreatment with AOM reduced NO serum levels and liver iNOS expression and increased HO-1 expression and survival rates. These results indicate that AOM strongly inhibits LPS-induced NO production by activating the ROS/MAPKs/Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signalling pathway, and supports its pharmacological effects on inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suran Ryu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SW, Kim YB, Kim JS, Kim WB, Kim YS, Han HC, Colwell CS, Cho YW, In Kim Y. GABAergic inhibition is weakened or converted into excitation in the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons of the lactating rat. Mol Brain 2015; 8:34. [PMID: 26017151 PMCID: PMC4446001 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased secretion of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) from hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) is a key physiological response to lactation. In the current study, we sought to test the hypothesis that the GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition of MNCs is altered in lactating rats. RESULTS Gramicidin-perforated recordings in the rat supraoptic nucleus (SON) slices revealed that the reversal potential of GABAA receptor-mediated response (EGABA) of MNCs was significantly depolarized in the lactating rats as compared to virgin animals. The depolarizing EGABA shift was much larger in rats in third, than first, lactation such that GABA exerted an excitatory, instead of inhibitory, effect in most of the MNCs of these multiparous rats. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that GABAergic excitation was found in both AVP and oxytocin neurons within the MNC population. Pharmacological experiments indicated that the up-regulation of the Cl(-) importer Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isotype 1 and the down-regulation of the Cl(-) extruder K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter isotype 2 were responsible for the depolarizing shift of EGABA and the resultant emergence of GABAergic excitation in the MNCs of the multiparous rats. CONCLUSION We conclude that, in primiparous rats, the GABAergic inhibition of MNCs is weakened during the period of lactation while, in multiparous females, GABA becomes excitatory in a majority of the cells. This reproductive experience-dependent alteration of GABAergic transmission may help to increase the secretion of oxytocin and AVP during the period of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Beom Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Sook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute & Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong Bin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Sik Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Chul Han
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute & Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang In Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Republic of Korea.
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Shin JS, Hong Y, Lee HH, Ryu B, Cho YW, Kim NJ, Jang DS, Lee KT. Fulgidic Acid Isolated from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Suppresses LPS-Induced iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 Expression by AP-1 Inactivation in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1081-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yujin Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University
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Shin JS, Cho EJ, Choi HE, Seo JH, An HJ, Park HJ, Cho YW, Lee KT. Anti-inflammatory effect of a standardized triterpenoid-rich fraction isolated from Rubus coreanus on dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis in mice and LPS-induced macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 158 Pt A:291-300. [PMID: 25446582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rubus coreanus Miquel (Rosaceae), the Korean black raspberry, has traditionally been used to treat inflammatory diseases including diarrhea, asthma, stomach ailment, and cancer. Although previous studies showed that the 19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids isolated from Rubus coreanus exerted anti-inflammatory activities, their effects on ulcerative colitis and mode of action have not been explored. This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects and the molecular mechanisms involving19α-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoid-rich fraction from Rubus coreanus (TFRC) on a mice model of colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental colitis was induced by DSS for 7 days in ICR mice. Disease activity indices (DAI) took into account body weight, stool consistency, and gross bleeding. Histological changes and macrophage accumulation were observed by immunohistochemical analysis. Pro-inflammatory markers were determined using immunoassays, RT-PCR, and real time PCR. Signaling pathway involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation was determined by luciferase assay and Western blotting. RESULTS In DSS-induced colitis mice, TFRC improved DAIs and pathological characteristics including colon shortening and colonic epithelium injury. TFRC suppressed tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced macrophage infiltration into colonic tissues. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, TFRC inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines by down-regulating the activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that TFRC has potent anti-inflammatory effects on DSS-induced colonic injury and LPS-induced macrophage activation, and supports its possible therapeutic and preventive roles in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu-Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Oriental Medicine, Sangji University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Juhn Park
- Department of Botanical Resources, Sangji University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Chung KS, Choi HE, Shin JS, Cho EJ, Cho YW, Choi JH, Baek NI, Lee KT. Chemopreventive effects of standardized ethanol extract from the aerial parts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal via NF-κB inactivation on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 75:14-23. [PMID: 25449198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an underlying risk factor of colon cancer, and NF-κB plays a critical role in the development of inflammation-associated colon cancer in an AOM/DSS mouse model. The aim of this study was to determine whether the standardized ethanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal (EAPP) is effective at preventing inflammation-associated colon cancer, and if so, to identify the signaling pathways involved. In the present study, protective efficacy of EAPP on tumor formation and the infiltrations of monocytes and macrophages in colons of an AOM/DSS mouse model were evaluated. It was found that colitis and tumor burdens showed statistically meaningful improvements after EAPP administration. Furthermore, these improvements were accompanied by a reduction in NF-κB activity and in the levels of NF-κB-dependent pro-survival proteins, that is, survivin, cFLIP, XIAP, and Bcl-2. In vitro, EAPP significantly reduced NF-κB activation and the levels of IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA and pro-survival proteins in HT-29 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, EAPP caused caspase-dependent apoptosis. Based on these results, the authors suggest EAPP suppresses inflammatory responses and induces apoptosis partly via NF-κB inactivation, and that EAPP could be useful for the prevention of colitis-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu-Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Shin JS, Choi HE, Kim SD, Lee YS, Cho YW, Lee KT. Anti-inflammatory effects of 7-hydroxyl-1-methylindole-3-acetonitrile, a synthetic arvelexin derivative, on the macrophages through destabilizing mPGES-1 mRNA and suppressing NF-κB activation. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 224:68-77. [PMID: 25451575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 7-hydroxyl-1-methylindole-3-acetonitrile (7-HMIA), a synthesized analog of arvelexin, showed the strong inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production in macrophages. In this study, we focused on elucidating the anti-inflammatory properties of 7-HMIA and the mechanisms involved using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, 7-HMIA significantly inhibited the release of proinflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We also found that 7-HMIA suppressed PGE2 production not by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression or activity, but rather by suppressing the mRNA stability of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES-1). Furthermore, 7-HMIA mediated attenuation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6 was closely associated with suppression of transcriptional activities of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), by decreasing p65 nuclear translocation and Akt phosphorylation. Animal studies revealed that 7-HMIA potently suppressed the carrageenan-induced paw edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in paw tissues. Taken together, our data indicated that the molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of 7-HMIA involved the inhibition of mRNA stability of mPGES-1 and PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Dong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Pusan 602-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Hur J, Lee P, Kim MJ, Cho YW. Regulatory Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on Nitric Oxide Production in Activated Microglia. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 18:397-402. [PMID: 25352759 PMCID: PMC4211123 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are activated by inflammatory and pathophysiological stimuli in neurodegenerative diseases, and activated microglia induce neuronal damage by releasing cytotoxic factors like nitric oxide (NO). Activated microglia synthesize a significant amount of vitamin D3 in the rat brain, and vitamin D3 has an inhibitory effect on activated microglia. To investigate the possible role of vitamin D3 as a negative regulator of activated microglia, we examined the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on NO production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia. Treatment with LPS increased the production of NO in primary cultured and BV2 microglial cells. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited the generation of NO in LPS-activated primary microglia and BV2 cells. In addition to NO production, expression of 1-α-hydroxylase and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was also upregulated in LPS-stimulated primary and BV2 microglia. When BV2 cells were transfected with 1-α-hydroxylase siRNA or VDR siRNA, the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on activated BV2 cells was suppressed. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 also inhibited the increased phosphorylation of p38 seen in LPS-activated BV2 cells, and this inhibition was blocked by VDR siRNA. The present study shows that 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits NO production in LPS-activated microglia through the mediation of LPS-induced 1-α-hydroxylase. This study also shows that the inhibitory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on NO production might be exerted by inhibiting LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 through the mediation of VDR signaling. These results suggest that vitamin D3 might have an important role in the negative regulation of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Hur
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea
| | - Pyeongjae Lee
- Department of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University, Jecheon 390-711, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Shin JS, Ryu S, Cho YW, Kim HJ, Jang DS, Lee KT. Inhibitory effects of β-chamigrenal, isolated from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis, on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages [corrected]. Planta Med 2014; 80:655-661. [PMID: 24871206 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Much is known about the bioactive properties of lignans from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis. However, very little work has been done to determine the properties of sesquiterpenes in the fruits of S. chinensis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of new sesquiterpenes (β-chamigrenal, β-chamigrenic acid, α-ylangenol, and α-ylangenyl acetate) isolated from the fruits of S. chinensis and to explore their effect on macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Of these four sesquiterpenes, β-chamigrenal most significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages (47.21 ± 4.54 % and 51.61 ± 3.95 % at 50 µM, respectively). Molecularly, the inhibitory activity of β-chamigrenal on nitric oxide production was mediated by suppressing inducible nitric oxide synthase activity but not its expression. In the prostaglandin E2 synthesis pathway, β-chamigrenal prevented the upregulation of inducible microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Conversely, β-chamigrenal had no effect on the expression and enzyme activity of cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, the expression of early growth response factor-1, a key transcription factor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 expression, was inhibited by β-chamigrenal. These results may suggest a possible anti-inflammatory activity of β-chamigrenal which has to be proven in in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suran Ryu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shin JS, Yun CH, Chung KS, Bang MH, Baek NI, Chung HG, Cho YW, Lee KT. Standardized ethyl acetate fraction from the roots of Brassica rapa attenuates the experimental arthritis by down regulating inflammatory responses and inhibiting NF-κB activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:96-106. [PMID: 24468670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-arthritic potential of a standardized ethyl acetate fraction from the roots of Brassica rapa (EABR) and to explore the molecular mechanisms in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats and macrophages. In AIA-induced arthritic rats, EABR significantly reduced paw swelling, an arthritic index, serum rheumatoid factor, and tissue expression ratio of RANKL/OPG versus vehicle-administered group. This was found to be well correlated with significant suppressions in productions of PGE2, NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and in activations of NF-κB in AIA-induced paw tissues and LPS-induced macrophages. EABR attenuated NF-κB activation by reducing the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of the p65 NF-κB, which were accompanied by parallel reductions in the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα after blocking the phosphorylation mediated IKK activation. The findings suggest EABR exerts its anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory properties via NF-κB inactivation in vitro and in vivo, and that EABR is a potential therapeutic for the treatment of arthritis and inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myun-Ho Bang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Gon Chung
- GangHwa Agricultural R&D Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rim HK, Yun CH, Shin JS, Cho YW, Jang DS, Ryu JH, Park H, Lee KT. 5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone suppresses pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:847-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ryu S, Shin JS, Cho YW, Kim HK, Paik SH, Lee JH, Chi YH, Kim JH, Kim JH, Lee KT. Fimasartan, anti-hypertension drug, suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions via nuclear factor-kappa B and activator protein-1 inactivation. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:467-74. [PMID: 23449332 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor reduces chronic inflammation associated with hypertension, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential and the underlying mechanism of fimasartan, a Korean Food and Drug Administration approved anti-hypertension drug, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Fimasartan suppressed the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by down-regulating its transcription, and subsequently inhibited the productions of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, fimasartan attenuated LPS-induced transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). These reductions were accompanied by parallel reductions in the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1. Taken together, our data suggest that fimasartan down-regulates the expression of the iNOS in macrophages via NF-κB and AP-1 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suran Ryu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130–701, Republic of Korea
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Ryu S, Shin JS, Jung JY, Cho YW, Kim SJ, Jang DS, Lee KT. Echinocystic acid isolated from Eclipta prostrata suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 expressions via NF-κB inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Planta Med 2013; 79:1031-1037. [PMID: 23877917 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1328767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the compounds in Eclipta prostrata responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects using an in vitro bioassay. Three triterpenoids, eclalbasaponin I, eclalbasaponin II, and echinocystic acid, were isolated from an EtOAc fraction of the 70 % EtOH extract of E. prostrata by activity-guided fractionation based on the inhibition of nitric oxide release from lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Of these three triterpenoids, echinocystic acid inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Consistent with these observations, echinocystic acid concentration-dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression at the protein level and inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 expression at the mRNA level, and inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS promoter binding activity. In addition, echinocystic acid suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB by blocking the nuclear translocation of p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suran Ryu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim MJ, Hur J, Ham IH, Yang HJ, Kim Y, Park S, Cho YW. Expression and activity of the na-k ATPase in ischemic injury of primary cultured astrocytes. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 17:275-81. [PMID: 23946686 PMCID: PMC3741483 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are reported to have critical functions in ischemic brain injury including protective effects against ischemia-induced neuronal dysfunction. Na-K ATPase maintains ionic gradients in astrocytes and is suggested as an indicator of ischemic injury in glial cells. Here, we examined the role of the Na-K ATPase in the pathologic process of ischemic injury of primary cultured astrocytes. Chemical ischemia was induced by sodium azide and glucose deprivation. Lactate dehydrogenase assays showed that the cytotoxic effect of chemical ischemia on astrocytes began to appear at 2 h of ischemia. The expression of Na-K ATPase α1 subunit protein was increased at 2 h of chemical ischemia and was decreased at 6 h of ischemia, whereas the expression of α1 subunit mRNA was not changed by chemical ischemia. Na-K ATPase activity was time-dependently decreased at 1, 3, and 6 h of chemical ischemia, whereas the enzyme activity was temporarily recovered to the control value at 2 h of chemical ischemia. Cytotoxicity at 2 h of chemical ischemia was significantly blocked by reoxygenation for 24 h following ischemia. Reoxygenation following chemical ischemia for 1 h significantly increased the activity of the Na-K ATPase, while reoxygenation following ischemia for 2 h slightly decreased the enzyme activity. These results suggest that the critical time for ischemia-induced cytotoxicity of astrocytes might be 2 h after the initiation of ischemic insult and that the increase in the expression and activity of the Na-K ATPase might play a protective role during ischemic injury of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Chung KS, Choi HE, Shin JS, Cho YW, Choi JH, Cho WJ, Lee KT. 6,7-Dimethoxy-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)isoquinolin-1-amine induces mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death through the activation of spindle assembly checkpoint in human cervical cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1852-60. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Seo JW, Kim Y, Hur J, Park KS, Cho YW. Proteomic Analysis of Primary Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons in Chemical Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1648-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cho YW, McDonald JS, Rad AE, Ocel JJ, Kallmes DF. Is severe pain immediately after spinal augmentation a predictor of long-term outcomes? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1853-6. [PMID: 23598835 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Severe, immediate postprocedural pain and the need for analgesics after vertebroplasty can be a discouraging experience for patients and caregivers. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the presence of severe pain immediately after vertebroplasty predicts short- and long-term pain relief. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chart review was performed to categorize patients regarding pain severity and analgesic usage immediately after vertebroplasty (< 4 h). "Severe" pain was defined as at least 8 of 10 with the 10-point VAS. Outcomes were pain severity and pain medication score and usage at 1 month and 1 year after vertebroplasty. Outcomes and clinical characteristics were compared between groups by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS Of the 429 vertebroplasty procedures identified, 69 (16%) were associated with severe pain, and 133 (31%) were associated with analgesic administration immediately after the procedure. The group experiencing severe pain had higher preprocedure median VAS rest pain scores (5 [IQR, 2-7]) and activity pain scores (10 [IQR, 8-10]) compared with patients who did not experience severe pain (3 [IQR, 1-6]; P = .0208, and 8 [IQR, 7-10]; P = .0263, respectively). At 1 month postprocedure, VAS rest and activity pain scores were similar between the severe pain group and the nonsevere pain group (P = .16 and P = .25, respectively) and between the group receiving pain medication and the group not receiving pain medication (P = .25 and P = .67, respectively). This similarity continued for 1 year after the procedure. Analgesic usage was similar among all groups at 1 year postprocedure. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe pain immediately after vertebroplasty have similar long-term outcomes compared with patients without severe pain.
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Shin JS, Yun KJ, Chung KS, Seo KH, Park HJ, Cho YW, Baek NI, Jang D, Lee KT. Monotropein isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis ameliorates proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via NF-κB inactivation. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:263-71. [PMID: 23261679 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that monotropein isolated from the roots of Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of monotropein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Monotropein was found to inhibit the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with monotropein decreased the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Consistent with these findings, monotropein also suppressed phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α), and consequently the translocations of NF-κB. In the DSS-induced colitis model, monotropein reduced disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and inflammation-related protein expressions by suppressing NF-κB activation in colon mucosa. Taken together, these findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of monotropein are mainly related to the inhibition of the expressions of inflammatory mediators via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoo MS, Shin JS, Choi HE, Cho YW, Bang MH, Baek NI, Lee KT. Fucosterol isolated from Undaria pinnatifida inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines via the inactivation of nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Chem 2012; 135:967-75. [PMID: 22953812 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that fucosterol has anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-osteoporotic effects. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of fucosterol in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Fucosterol suppressed the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by downregulating their transcriptions, and subsequently inhibited the productions of nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6. In addition, fucosterol attenuated LPS-induced DNA binding and the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). These reductions were accompanied by parallel reductions in the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, fucosterol attenuated the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/6) and mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), which are both involved in the p38 MAPK pathway. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of fucosterol are associated with the suppression of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sang Yoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rim HK, Lee HW, Choi IS, Park JY, Choi HW, Choi JH, Cho YW, Lee JY, Lee KT. T-type Ca2+ channel blocker, KYS05047 induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest by decreasing intracellular Ca2+ levels in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7123-6. [PMID: 23079520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we found that the 3,4-dihydroquinazoline derivative, 4-(Benzylcarbamoylmethyl)-2-(biphenyl-4-ylamino)-3-(5-tert-butyloxycarbamoyl-1-pentyl)-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (KYS05047), was a selective T-type Ca(2+) channel blocker with anti-proliferative effects against various cancer cells. However, the mechanism responsible for its effects has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of KYS05047 on cell cycle arrest and the mechanisms involved in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Among the G(1) phase cell cycle-related proteins examined, the levels of cyclin-dependent protein kinase (Cdk2) and Cdk4 were reduced by KYS05047 (7 μM), whereas the steady-state levels of cyclin D1 and E were unaffected. In addition, KYS05047 increased the protein level of p27(KIP1) and suppressed the kinase activities of Cdk2 and Cdk4. In addition, pretreatment with KCl, which increases intracellular Ca(2+) levels, prevented KYS05047-induced intracellular Ca(2+) decreases and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the administration of KYS05047 (2 or 10 mg/kg, po) for 21 days was also found to significantly inhibit tumor growth in an A549 xenograft nude mice model. In conclusion, our results suggested that KYS05047 induced G(1) phase cell cycle arrest in A549 cells associated with a decrease in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations and inhibited the in vivo tumor growth of A549 xenograft mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kun Rim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Seo JH, Park JS, Jo MH, Park MS, Ryu JH, Cho YW, Shim WS, Noh GJ, Lee KT. Rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of megestrol acetate in human plasma: application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:409-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-gu; Seoul; 130-701; Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-gu; Seoul; 130-701; Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Sup Shim
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-gu; Seoul; 130-701; Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jeong Noh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; 388-1 Pungnap 2-dong, Songpa-gu; Seoul; 138-736; Republic of Korea
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Cho EJ, Shin JS, Chung KS, Lee YS, Cho YW, Baek NI, Chung HG, Lee KT. Arvelexin inhibits colonic inflammation by suppression of NF-κB activation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice and TNF-α-induced colonic epithelial cells. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:7398-7407. [PMID: 22794033 DOI: 10.1021/jf3009553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the anti-inflammatory effects of arvelexin isolated from Brassica rapa in macrophages. In the present study, the effects of arvelexin were investigated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and in a cellular model. In the DSS-induced colitis model, arvelexin significantly reduced the severity of colitis, as assessed by disease activity, colonic damage, neutrophil infiltration, and levels of colonic iNOS. Moreover, arvelexin inhibited the expressions of IL-8, IP-10, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. Arvelexin also inhibited the TNF-α-induced adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to HT-29 cells. Furthermore, arvelexin reduced p65 NF-κB subunit translocation to the nucleus and IκBα degradation in the colonic tissues and in TNF-α-induced HT-29 cells. These results demonstrate that the ameliorative effects of arvelexin on colonic injury are mainly related to its ability to inhibit the inflammatory responses via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
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Shin JS, Park SJ, Ryu S, Kang HB, Kim TW, Choi JH, Lee JY, Cho YW, Lee KT. Potent anti-inflammatory effect of a novel furan-2,5-dione derivative, BPD, mediated by dual suppression of COX-2 activity and LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression via NF-κB inactivation. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1926-1940. [PMID: 21913901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously reported that 3-(benzo[d]-1,3-dioxol-5-yl)-4-phenylfuran-2,5-dione (BPD) showed strong inhibitory effects on PGE(2) production. However, the exact mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of BPD is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the effects of BPD on inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophages and animal models of inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expressions of COX-2, inducible NOS (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages, were determined by Western blot and/or qRT-PCR, respectively. NF-κB activation was investigated by EMSA, reporter gene assay and Western blotting. Anti-inflammatory effects of BPD were evaluated in vivo in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and LPS-induced septic shock in mice. KEY RESULTS BPD not only inhibited COX-2 activity but also reduced the expression of COX-2. In addition, BPD inhibited the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β at the transcriptional level. BPD attenuated LPS-induced DNA-binding activity and the transcription activity of NF-κB; this was associated with a decrease in the phosphorylation level of inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α) and reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, BPD suppressed the formation of TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1)/TAK-binding protein1 (TAB1), which was accompanied by a parallel reduction of phosphorylation of TAK1 and IκB kinase (IKK). Pretreatment with BPD inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema and LPS-induced septic death. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our data indicate that BPD is involved in the dual inhibition of COX-2 activity and TAK1-NF-κB pathway, providing a molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suran Ryu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Byul Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaResearch Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Shin JS, Baek SR, Sohn SI, Cho YW, Lee KT. Anti-inflammatory effect of pelubiprofen, 2-[4-(oxocyclohexylidenemethyl)-phenyl]propionic acid, mediated by dual suppression of COX activity and LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression via NF-κB inactivation. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3594-603. [PMID: 21809372 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pelubiprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that is related both structurally and pharmacologically to ibuprofen. Anti-inflammatory properties of ibuprofen are due to its ability to both decrease prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting the activities of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and IκB kinase-β (IKK-β). However, the exact mechanisms that accounts for the anti-inflammatory effects of pelubiprofen are not reported. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms how pelubiprofen modulates the inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced macrophages and carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory rat model. Pelubiprofen potently diminished PGE(2) productions through inhibition of COX enzyme activity (IC(50) values for COX-1 and COX-2 are 10.66 ± 0.99 and 2.88 ± 1.01 µM, respectively), but also reduced the expressions of COX-2, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 at transcriptional level in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, pelubiprofen attenuated the LPS-induced transcription activity and the DNA binding activity of NF-κB, which was accompanied by a parallel reduction of degradation and phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B-α (IκB-α) and consequently by decreased nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, pelubipofen inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IKK-β and transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1). In acute inflammatory rat model, pretreatment with pelubiprofen inhibited carrageenan-induce edema, neutrophil migration, PGE(2) production, and p65, a subunit of NF-κB, nuclear translocation in inflamed paw. Taken together, our data indicated that pelubiprofen is involved in the dual inhibition of COX activity and TAK1-IKK-NF-κB pathway, revealing molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of pelubiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Shin JS, Noh YS, Lee YS, Cho YW, Baek NI, Choi MS, Jeong TS, Kang E, Chung HG, Lee KT. Arvelexin from Brassica rapa suppresses NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting activation of IκB kinase. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:145-58. [PMID: 21434881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Brassica rapa species constitute one of the major sources of food. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of arvelexin, isolated from B. rapa, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and on a model of septic shock induced by LPS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The expression of Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were determined by Western blot and/or RT-PCR respectively. To elucidate the underlying mechanism(s), activation of NF-κB activation and its pathways were investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, reporter gene and Western blot assays. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of arvelexin were evaluated in endotoxaemia induced with LPS. KEY RESULTS Promoter assays for iNOS and COX-2 revealed that arvelexin inhibited LPS-induced NO and prostaglandin E(2) production through the suppression of iNOS and COX-2 at the level of gene transcription. In addition, arvelexin inhibited NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses by modulating a series of intracellular events of IκB kinase (IKK)-inhibitor κBα (IκBα)-NF-κB signalling. Moreover, arvelexin inhibited IKKβ-elicited NF-κB activation as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression. Serum levels of NO and inflammatory cytokines and mortality in mice challenged injected with LPS were significantly reduced by arvelexin. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Arvelexin down-regulated inflammatory iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β gene expression in macrophages interfering with the activation of IKKβ and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and thus, preventing NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Shin JS, Yun CH, Cho YW, Baek NI, Choi MS, Jeong TS, Chung HG, Lee KT. Indole-Containing Fractions of Brassica rapa Inhibit Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression by Inactivating Nuclear Factor-κB. J Med Food 2011; 14:1527-37. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Sook Jeong
- National Research Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism & Atherosclerosis, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Cho EJ, An HJ, Shin JS, Choi HE, Ko J, Cho YW, Kim HM, Choi JH, Lee KT. Roxatidine suppresses inflammatory responses via inhibition of NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:3648-59. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Cho EJ, Shin JS, Noh YS, Cho YW, Hong SJ, Park JH, Lee JY, Lee JY, Lee KT. Anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of Patrinia scabiosaefolia in mice with ulcerative colitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 136:428-35. [PMID: 20573566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch is used in folk medicines to treat intestinal abscesses, acute appendicitis, and dysentery in Asia. Although recent reports indicate that Patrinia scabiosaefolia has sedative and anti-tumor effects, its effects on ulcerative colitis have not been previously explored. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the effects and the mode of action of the methanol extract of the roots of Patrinia scabiosaefolia (PME) on a model of colitis in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We induced colitis using DSS in 5-week-ICR mice over 7 days and estimated disease activity index (DAI), which took into account body weight, stool consistency, gross bleeding, and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) accumulation. Colon lengths and spleen weights were measured. Histological changes were observed by H&E staining. Pro-inflammatory mediators, namely, nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were determined using Griess assays, immunoassays, and by quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS PME significantly attenuated DSS-induced DAI scores and tissue MPO accumulation, which implied that it suppressed weight loss, diarrhea, gross bleeding, and the infiltrations of immune cells. PME administration also effectively and dose-dependently prevented shortening of colon length and enlargement of spleen size. Histological examinations indicated that PME suppressed edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by DSS. Furthermore, PME inhibited the abnormal secretions and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PME has an anti-inflammatory effect at colorectal sites that is due to the down-regulations of the productions and expressions of inflammatory mediators, and that it may have therapeutic value in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-jin Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Ku, Hoegi-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hahm ET, Kim Y, Lee JJ, Cho YW. GABAergic synaptic response and its opioidergic modulation in periaqueductal gray neurons of rats with neuropathic pain. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:41. [PMID: 21569381 PMCID: PMC3103474 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain is a chronic and intractable symptom associated with nerve injury. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is important in the endogenous pain control system and is the main site of the opioidergic analgesia. To investigate whether neuropathic pain affects the endogenous pain control system, we examined the effect of neuropathic pain induced by sacral nerve transection on presynaptic GABA release, the kinetics of postsynaptic GABA-activated Cl- currents, and the modulatory effect of μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activation in mechanically isolated PAG neurons with functioning synaptic boutons. Results In normal rats, MOR activation inhibited the frequency of GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) to 81.3% of the control without any alteration in their amplitude. In neuropathic rats, the inhibition of mIPSC frequency by MOR activation was 82.4%. The frequency of GABAergic mIPSCs in neuropathic rats was 151.8% of normal rats without any difference in the mIPSC amplitude. Analysis of mIPSC kinetics showed that the fast decay time constant and synaptic charge transfer of mIPSCs in neuropathic rats were 76.0% and 73.2% of normal rats, respectively. Conclusions These results indicate that although the inhibitory effect of MOR activation on presynaptic GABA release is similar in both neuropathic and normal rats, neuropathic pain may inhibit endogenous analgesia in the PAG through an increase in presynaptic GABA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Teum Hahm
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Lee JA, Kim CK, Jahng GH, Hwang LK, Cho YW, Kim YJ, Lee WH, Moon SJ, Cho AR, Bahn GH. A pilot study of brain activation in children with trichotillomania during a visual-tactile symptom provocation task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1250-8. [PMID: 20637819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to reveal the etiology and pathophysiology of trichotillomania (TTM), it is necessary to investigate which brain regions are involved in TTM, but limited knowledge exists regarding the neurobiology of TTM and the available functional neuroimaging studies of TTM are little. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the specific brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of TTM with symptom provocation task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for children and adolescents with TTM. METHODS Pediatric subjects who met the DSM-IV TR criteria for TTM (n=9) and age-, sex-, handedness-, IQ matched healthy controls (HC) (n=10), ages 9 to 17 years, were recruited for two fMRI experiments; symptom provocation of Visual Only (VO) and Visual and Tactile (VT). They were scanned while viewing two alternating blocks of symptom provocation (S) and neutral (N) movies. RESULTS Random effects between-group analysis revealed significant activation in left temporal cortex(including middle and superior temporal gyrus), dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus, and putamen for the contrast S>N in TTM subjects versus HC subjects during the VO session. And TTM subjects demonstrated higher activity in the precuneus and dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus to the contrast S>N during the VT session. CONCLUSIONS This study provided an objective whole-brain-based analysis that directed researchers to areas that were abnormal in TTM. Using the symptom provocation tasks, we found significant differences in regional brain function between pediatric TTM and HC subjects. However, in the face of modest statistical power, our preliminary findings in TTM need to be replicated in a larger sample. As the functional neuroanatomic circuits involved in TTM remain largely unexplored, future functional neuroimaging studies using other various paradigms may help investigate the neuroanatomic abnormalities of TTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Subdivision of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Hahm ET, Seo JW, Hur J, Cho YW. Modulation of Presynaptic GABA Release by Oxidative Stress in Mechanically-isolated Rat Cerebral Cortical Neurons. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 14:127-32. [PMID: 20631883 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2010.14.3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), the superoxide anion (O(2) (-).), and the hydroxyl radical (OH.), are generated as by-products of oxidative metabolism in cells. The cerebral cortex has been found to be particularly vulnerable to production of ROS associated with conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion, Parkinson's disease, and aging. To investigate the effect of ROS on inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission, we examined the electrophysiological mechanisms of the modulatory effect of H(2)O(2) on GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSCs) in mechanically isolated rat cerebral cortical neurons retaining intact synaptic boutons. The membrane potential was voltage-clamped at -60 mV and mIPSCs were recorded and analyzed. Superfusion of 1-mM H(2)O(2) gradually potentiated mIPSCs. This potentiating effect of H(2)O(2) was blocked by the pretreatment with either 10,000-unit/mL catalase or 300-microM N-acetyl-cysteine. The potentiating effect of H(2)O(2) was occluded by an adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, and was blocked by a protein kinase A inhibitor, N-(2-[p-bromocinnamylamino] ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride. This study indicates that oxidative stress may potentiate presynaptic GABA release through the mechanism of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathways, which may result in the inhibition of the cerebral cortex neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Teum Hahm
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute and Medical Research Center for Reactive Oxygen Species, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Ki YS, Park EY, Lee HW, Oh MS, Cho YW, Kwon YK, Moon JH, Lee KT. Donepezil, a Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL-60 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1054-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Sook Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Eun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University
- College of Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
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Park EY, Lee KW, Lee HW, Cho YW, Baek NI, Chung HG, Jeong TS, Choi MS, Lee KT. The ethanol extract from Artemisia princeps Pampanini induces p53-mediated G1 phase arrest in A172 human neuroblastoma cells. J Med Food 2008; 11:237-45. [PMID: 18598164 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the antiproliferative effects of the ethanol extract of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (EAPP) and the mechanism involved were investigated. Of the various cancer cells examined, human neuroblastoma A172 cells were most sensitive to EAPP, and their proliferation was dose- and time-dependently inhibited by EAPP. DNA flow cytometry analysis indicated that EAPP notably induced the G(1) phase arrest in A172 cells. Of the G(1) phase cycle-related proteins examined, the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, CDK4, and CDK6 and of cyclin D(1), D(2), and D(3) were found to be markedly reduced by EAPP, whereas cyclin E was unaffected. Moreover, the protein and mRNA levels of the CDK inhibitors p16(INK4a), p21(CIP1/WAF1), and p27(KIP1) were increased, and the activities of CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 were reduced. Furthermore, the expressions of E2F-1 and of phosphorylated pRb were also decreased, and the protein levels of p53 and pp53 (Ser15) were increased. Up-regulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1) was found to be mediated by a p53-dependent pathway in EAPP-induced G(1)-arrested A172 cells. When these data are taken together, the EAPP was found to potently inhibit the proliferation of human neuroblastoma A172 cells via G(1) phase cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SK, Park SW, Kim SH, Cha BS, Lee HC, Cho YW. Visceral fat amount is associated with carotid atherosclerosis even in type 2 diabetic men with a normal waist circumference. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 33:131-5. [PMID: 18982015 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate whether determination of the quantity of visceral fat has an additional benefit in assessing atherosclerotic burden in men with type 2 diabetes compared with the traditional measurement of waist circumference (WC) alone. METHODS This was an observational study performed in 368 men with type 2 diabetes, consecutively enrolled in Diabetes Clinics. Common carotid artery far-wall intima-media thickness (IMT), WC and visceral fat thickness (VFT), as measured by ultrasonography, were measured for each subject. Abdominal and visceral obesity were defined as a WC >90 cm and a VFT > or =47.6 mm, respectively. RESULTS Among subjects with abdominal obesity (n=174), 35 subjects did not have visceral obesity. In contrast, among the subjects without abdominal obesity (n=194), 88 patients had visceral obesity. Despite no differences in age, glucose control, lipid profile and treatment modalities, there was a significant difference in carotid IMT based on VFT strata, but not WC strata. The subjects without abdominal obesity, but who had visceral obesity, had a higher carotid IMT compared with subjects with abdominal obesity, but without visceral obesity (maximal, 0.94+/-0.35 vs 0.78+/-0.17 mm; and average, 0.74+/-0.19 vs 0.64+/-0.14 mm, respectively, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Subjects having visceral obesity, regardless of a normal WC, showed a higher carotid IMT compared with those with increased WC, but less visceral fat. In addition to WC, a direct estimation for visceral fat may provide an additional role in assessing atherosclerotic burden in men with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu,Sungnam, Korea.
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Lee JJ, Cho YW, Huh Y, Cha CI, Yeo SG. Effect of nitric oxide on auditory cortical neurons of aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2008; 447:37-41. [PMID: 18840505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on neurons of the auditory cortex have not been determined. We therefore evaluated the anatomical changes and neurophysiological characteristics of these neurons in rats as a function of age. The numbers of cresyl violet stained cells, the numbers and areas of NADPH-d-positive neuronal cell bodies, and their optical density, were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats aged 24 months (aged group) and 4 months (control group). The modulatory effects of NO on K(+) currents of acutely isolated rat auditory cortical neurons were also assessed. There were no between-group differences in the distribution patterns of glial cells and neurons, or in the numbers and areas of NADPH-d-positive neuronal cell bodies. However, the optical density of NADPH-d-positive neuronal cell bodies was significantly greater in the aged group than in the control group. In addition, voltage-gated K(+) currents of rat auditory cortical neurons were activated by increased levels of NO. As activation of the K(+) current likely suppresses neuronal excitability, age-associated increases in NO production can hinder the function of the acoustic center by inhibiting neuron excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ju Lee
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science Institute, Medical Research Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Cho YW, Bunnapradist S, Cho ES, Stadtler M, Simmons V, Locke J, Mone T, Mendez R, Hutchinson IV, Gill J, Shah T. Can machine perfusion decrease the likelihood of discard among biopsied kidneys? Transplant Proc 2008; 40:1029-31. [PMID: 18555107 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many factors, such as donor risk factors and renal function, have been shown to be associated with an increased likelihood of discard after recovering kidneys from deceased donors. When these factors are insufficient for assessment, renal biopsy is often performed at the time of harvest to assess suitability. Our aims were to identify factors that predict the discard of a biopsied kidney and to assess the impact of machine perfusion (MP) on kidney discard. We biopsied 678 kidneys from deceased donors aged >or=40 years from 2001 to 2006. We used a logistic regression model to estimate the adjusted odds ratios for kidney discard. Thirty-nine percent (n = 261) of biopsied kidneys were discarded. Kidneys with glomerulosclerosis (GS) > 20% had the highest likelihood of discard. Other significant predictors of discard included extreme donor age, final resistance (>40), atherosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, arteriolosclerosis, and terminal serum creatinine value (SCr) > 1.5 mg/dL. MP kidneys (n = 69) were less likely to be discarded than cold storage (CS) kidneys after adjusting for other factors (adjusted odds ratio = .13, P < .001). In conclusion, abnormal biopsy findings were associated with the highest likelihood of discard. MP was used in only 10% of the cases; however, the use of MP was associated with a decreased likelihood of discard among biopsied kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Cho
- National Institute of Transplantation, Los Angeles, California 90057, USA
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Lee JJ, Hahm ET, Lee CH, Cho YW. 5-HT1A receptor-mediated activation of a G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ current in rat medial preoptic area neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lee HS, Kang IM, Lee HW, Seo JH, Ryu JH, Choi SJ, Lee MJ, Jeong SY, Cho YW, Lee KT. Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of etodolac in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 863:158-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lee JJ, Hahm ET, Lee CH, Cho YW. Serotonergic modulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission in mechanically isolated rat medial preoptic area neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:340-52. [PMID: 17392733 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The medial preoptic area (MPOA) of the hypothalamus is critically involved in the regulation of male sexual behavior and has been implicated in several homeostatic processes. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) inhibits sexual behavior via effects in the MPOA, where there are high densities of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptor subtypes. We used whole-cell recordings under voltage-clamp conditions to investigate the serotonergic modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission in mechanically dissociated rat MPOA neurons with native presynaptic nerve endings. Spontaneous GABAergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in the MPOA were completely blocked by bicuculline. Serotonin reversibly reduced the GABAergic mIPSC frequency without affecting the mean current amplitude. Serotonergic inhibition of mIPSC frequency was mimicked by (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide, a specific 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, and blocked by 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl] piperazine hydrobromide, a specific 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist. 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione completely blocked spontaneous glutamatergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in the MPOA. Serotonin reversibly decreased the glutamatergic mEPSC frequency without affecting the mean current amplitude. Serotonergic inhibition of mEPSC frequency was mimicked by CGS 12066B, a specific 5-HT(1B) receptor agonist, and blocked by SB 216641, a specific 5-HT(1B) receptor antagonist. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin increased the frequencies of GABAergic mIPSCs and glutamatergic mEPSCs, and blocked the inhibitory effects of 5-HT. H-89, a selective protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, decreased the frequencies of GABAergic mIPSCs and glutamatergic mEPSCs, and blocked their reduction by 5-HT. These findings suggest that 5-HT reduces the frequency of GABAergic mIPSCs and glutamatergic mEPSCs through 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptor-mediated inhibition, respectively, of the PKA-dependent pathway in the presynaptic nerve terminals of MPOA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ju Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yun KJ, Kim JY, Kim JB, Lee KW, Jeong SY, Park HJ, Jung HJ, Cho YW, Yun K, Lee KT. Inhibition of LPS-induced NO and PGE2 production by asiatic acid via NF-kappa B inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages: possible involvement of the IKK and MAPK pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 8:431-41. [PMID: 18279797 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of asiatic acid (the aglycon of asiaticoside) and asiaticoside isolated from the leaves of Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae) on LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Asiatic acid more potently inhibited LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production than asiaticoside. Consistent with these observations, the protein and mRNA expression levels of inducible iNOS and COX-2 enzymes were inhibited by asiatic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, asiatic acid dose-dependently reduced the production of IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, asiatic acid inhibited the NF-kappaB activation induced by LPS, and this was associated with the abrogation of I kappa B-alpha degradation and with subsequent decreases in nuclear p65 and p50 protein levels. Moreover, the phosphorylations of IKK, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were suppressed by asiatic acid in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of asiatic acid might be the results from the inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha expressions through the down-regulation of NF-kappaB activation via suppression of IKK and MAP kinase (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK) phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jin Yun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Dongdaemun-ku, Hoegi-Dong, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Yoon BH, Jung JW, Lee JJ, Cho YW, Jang CG, Jin C, Oh TH, Ryu JH. Anxiolytic-like effects of sinapic acid in mice. Life Sci 2007; 81:234-40. [PMID: 17570441 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sinapic acid is a phenylpropanoid compound and is found in various herbal materials and high-bran cereals. With the exception of its antioxidant activities, the pharmacological properties of sinapic acid have been rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic-like properties of sinapic acid using an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board test. Control mice were orally treated with an equal volume of vehicle (10% Tween 80 solution), and positive control mice were treated with diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Sinapic acid (4 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the percentages of time spent in the open arms of the EPM test (P<0.05). In the hole-board test, sinapic acid also significantly increased the number of head-dips at 4 mg/kg (P<0.05). In addition, the anxiolytic-like properties of sinapic acid examined in the EPM test were blocked by flumazenil or bicuculline, which are GABA(A) antagonists. Moreover, sinapic acid markedly potentiated GABA current in single cortical neurons in a dose-dependant manner, and reactive I(GABA) increased to 1.8 times at 1 muM of sinapic acid. These results suggested that sinapic acid is a prominent anxiolytic agent, and that its anxiolytic-like effects are mediated via GABA(A) receptors and potentiating Cl(-) currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim DH, Jeon SJ, Son KH, Jung JW, Lee S, Yoon BH, Lee JJ, Cho YW, Cheong JH, Ko KH, Ryu JH. The ameliorating effect of oroxylin A on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2006; 87:536-46. [PMID: 17196405 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oroxylin A is a flavonoid and was originally isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., one of the most important medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorating effects of oroxylin A on memory impairment using the passive avoidance test, the Y-maze test, and the Morris water maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by administering scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Oroxylin A (5 mg/kg) significantly reversed cognitive impairments in mice by passive avoidance and the Y-maze testing (P<.05). Oroxylin A also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (P<.05). Moreover, the ameliorating effects of oroxylin A were antagonized by both muscimol and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg, i.p., respectively), which are GABA(A) receptor agonists. Furthermore, oroxylin A (100 microM) was found to inhibit GABA-induced inward Cl(-) current in a single cortical neuron. These results suggest that oroxylin A may be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairments induced by cholinergic dysfunction via the GABAergic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul, Korea
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Gagandeep S, Matsuoka L, Mateo R, Cho YW, Genyk Y, Sher L, Cicciarelli J, Aswad S, Jabbour N, Selby R. Expanding the donor kidney pool: utility of renal allografts procured in a setting of uncontrolled cardiac death. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:1682-8. [PMID: 16827871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The chronic shortage of deceased kidney donors has led to increased utilization of donation after cardiac death (DCD) kidneys, the majority of which are procured in a controlled setting. The objective of this study is to evaluate transplantation outcomes from uncontrolled DCD (uDCD) donors and evaluate their utility as a source of donor kidneys. From January 1995 to December 2004, 75,865 kidney-alone transplants from donation after brain death (DBD) donors and 2136 transplants from DCD donors were reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing. Among the DCD transplants, 1814 were from controlled and 216 from uncontrolled DCD donors. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves. The incidence of delayed graft function in controlled DCD (cDCD) was 42% and in uDCD kidneys was 51%, compared to only 24% in kidneys from DBD donors (p < 0.001). The overall graft and patient survival of DCD donors was similar to that of DBD donor kidneys (p = 0.66; p = 0.88). Despite longer donor warm and cold ischemic times, overall graft and patient survival of uDCD donors was comparable to that of cDCD donors (p = 0.65, p = 0.99). Concerted efforts should be focused on procurement of uDCD donors, which can provide another source of quality deceased donor kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gagandeep
- Keck School of Medicine, Division of Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Hahm ET, Lee JJ, Min BI, Cho YW. Developmental change of GABAergic postsynaptic current in rat periaqueductal gray. Neurosci Lett 2005; 380:187-92. [PMID: 15854775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine developmental changes of GABAergic spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons mechanically isolated from young (12- to 18-day) and adult (8- to 12-week) rats. While the frequency of mIPSCs was similar, the current amplitude in adult rats was significantly smaller than in young rats. In the study of mIPSC kinetics, all kinetic parameters except for the fast decay time in adult rats were smaller or shorter than in the case of young rats. The present study demonstrates that a decrease in the amplitude of GABAergic mIPSC during development may result from a decrease in the GABA contents of synaptic vesicles and from changes in the kinetics of postsynaptic GABA-activated Cl- channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Teum Hahm
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Hahm ET, Lee JJ, Min BI, Cho YW. Opioid inhibition of GABAergic neurotransmission in mechanically isolated rat periaqueductal gray neurons. Neurosci Res 2004; 50:343-54. [PMID: 15488297 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The descending pain control system is activated by opioid peptides mainly at the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Although activation of presynaptic opioid receptors has been reported to inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, the exact electrophysiological mechanisms are controversial. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the opioid modulation of presynaptic GABA release, we isolated single PAG neurons with functionally intact synaptic terminals by a mechanical dissociation in the absence of enzyme. With the conventional whole-cell recording mode under the voltage-clamp conditions, the spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were recorded. Bicuculline completely and reversibly blocked mIPSCs. A specific mu-opioid agonist, [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), reversibly reduced the frequency of mIPSCs without any alteration of amplitude. The inhibitory effect of DAMGO was blocked by N-ethylmaleimide. Blockade of presynaptic Ca(2+) influx by cadmium or depletion of extracellular Ca(2+) did not alter the DAMGO inhibition. In addition, K(+) channels blockers, Ba(2+) or 4-aminopyridine, did not affect the DAMGO effect. The present study indicates that activation of presynaptic mu-opioid receptors coupled to G-proteins inhibits GABA release through unknown intracellular mechanisms downstream of Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Teum Hahm
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Lee JJ, Hahm ET, Min BI, Cho YW. Activation of protein kinase C antagonizes the opioid inhibition of calcium current in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. Brain Res 2004; 1017:108-19. [PMID: 15261106 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Spinal dorsal horn (SDH) is one of important regions in both nociceptive transmission and antinociception. Opioid peptides produce analgesia via regulation of neurotransmitter release through modulation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) in neuronal tissues. The modulatory effect of micro-opioid receptor (MOR) activation on VDCC was investigated in acutely isolated rat SDH neurons under the conventional whole-cell patch-clamp recording mode. The Ba(2+) current passing through VDCC was reversibly inhibited by a MOR agonist, [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM). Among 108 SDH neurons tested, VDCC of 39 neurons (36%) were inhibited by MOR activation, while other 69 neurons (64%) were not affected. The L-, N-, P/Q-, and R-type VDCC components shared 58.4+/-18.9%, 29.3+/-12.1%, 8.7+/-7.2%, and 3.4+/-4.8% of the total VDCC, respectively. Among VDCC subtypes inhibited by MOR activation, L- and N-types were 61.4+/-12.8% and 30.7+/-14.4%, respectively, while both P/Q- and R-types were 7.9+/-11.8%. A depolarizing pre-pulse increased the amplitude of VDCC and suppressed most of the inhibitory effect of MOR activation. Application of 1 microM phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate completely antagonized the inhibitory effect of MOR activation without any alteration of basal VDCC amplitude. In contrast, the response of MOR activation was not altered by application of 4-alpha-phorbol (1 microM), 2-[3-Dimethylaminopropyl]indol-3-yl]-3-(indol-3-yl) maleimide (GF109203X, 1 microM), forskolin (1 microM), N-(2-[p-Bromocinnamylamino]ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride (H-89, 1 microM). These results indicate that activation of MOR coupled to G-proteins inhibits VDCC, and that this G-protein-mediated inhibition is antagonized by PKC-dependent phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ju Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoigi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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