1
|
Yoo Y, Gibson E, Zhao G, Sandu A, Re T, Das J, Hesheng W, Kim MM, Shen C, Lee YZ, Kondziolka D, Ibrahim M, Lian J, Jain R, Zhu T, Parmar H, Comaniciu D, Balter J, Cao Y. An Automated Brain Metastasis Detection and Segmentation System from MRI with a Large Multi-Institutional Dataset. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S88-S89. [PMID: 37784596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Developments of automated systems for brain metastasis (BM) detection and segmentation from MRI for assisting early detection and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been reported but most based upon relatively small datasets from single institutes. This work aims to develop and evaluate a system using a large multi-institutional dataset, and to improve both identification of small/subtle BMs and segmentation accuracy of large BMs. MATERIALS/METHODS A 3D U-Net system was trained and evaluated to detect and segment intraparenchymal BMs with a size > 2mm using 1856 MRI volumes from 1791 patients treated with SRS from seven institutions (1539 volumes for training, 183 for validation, and 134 for testing). All patients had 3D post-Gd T1w MRI scans pre-SRS. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) of BMs for SRS were curated by each institute first. Then, additional efforts were spent to create GTVs for the untreated and/or uncontoured BMs, including central reviews by two radiologists, to improve accuracy of ground truth. The training dataset was augmented with synthetic BMs of 3773 MRIs using a 3D generative pipeline. Our system consists of two U-Nets with one using small 3D patches dedicated for detecting small BMs and another using large 3D patches for segmenting large BMs, and a random-forest based fusion module for combining the two network outputs. The first U-Net was trained with 3D patches containing at least one BM < 0.1 cm3. For detection performance, we measured BM-level sensitivity and case-level false-positive (FP) rate. For segmentation performance, we measured BM-level Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95-percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95). We also stratified performances based upon BM sizes. RESULTS For 739 BMs in the 134 testing cases, the overall lesion-level sensitivity was 0.870 with an average case-level FP of 1.34±1.92 (95% CI: 1.02-1.67). The sensitivity was >0.969 for the BMs >0.1 cm3, but dropped to 0.755 for the BMs < 0.1 cm3 (Table 1). The average DSC and HD95 for all detected BMs were 0.786 and 1.35mm. The worse performance for BMs > 20 cm3 was caused by a case with 83 cm3 GTV and artifacts in the MRI volume. CONCLUSION We achieved excellent detection sensitivity and segmentation accuracy for BMs > 0.1 cm3, and promising performance for small BMs (<0.1cm3) with a controlled FP rate using a large multi-institutional dataset. Clinical utility for assisting early detection and SRS planning will be investigated. Table 1: Per-lesion detection and segmentation performance stratified by individual BM size. N is the number of BMs in each category.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ
| | - E Gibson
- Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ
| | - G Zhao
- Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ
| | - A Sandu
- Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ
| | - T Re
- Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ
| | - J Das
- Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ
| | | | - M M Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - C Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Y Z Lee
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - D Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - M Ibrahim
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J Lian
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - R Jain
- New York University, New York, NY
| | - T Zhu
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - H Parmar
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - J Balter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim KH, Kim T, Novitzky-Basso I, Lee H, Yoo Y, Ahn JS, Pasic I, Law A, Lam W, Michelis FV, Gerbitz A, Viswabandya A, Lipton J, Kumar R, Mattsson J, Zhang Z, Kaushansky N, Brilon Y, Chapal-Ilani N, Biezuner T, Shlush LI, Kim DDH. Clonal hematopoiesis in the donor does not adversely affect long-term outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: result from 13-year followup. Haematologica 2023. [PMID: 36727396 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor clonal hematopoiesis may be transferred to the recipient through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), but the potential for adverse long-term impact on transplant outcomes remains unknown. A total of 744 samples from 372 recipients who received HCT and the corresponding donors were included. Bar-coded error-corrected sequencing using a modified molecular inversion probe capture protocol was performed, which targeted 34 genes covering mutations involved in clonal hematopoiesis with indeterminate potential (CHIP) and other AML-related mutations. A total of 30 mutations were detected from 25 donors (6.7%): the most frequently mutated gene was TET2 (n=7, 28%), followed by DNMT3A (n=4, 16%), SMC3 (n=3, 12%) and SF3B1 (n=3, 12%). With a median follow-up duration of 13 years among survivors, the presence of CHIP in the donor was not associated with recipient overall survival (p=0.969), relapse incidence (p=0.600) or non-relapse mortality (p=0.570). Donor CHIP did not impair neutrophil (p=0.460) or platelet (p=0.250) engraftment, the rates of acute (p=0.490), or chronic graft-vs-host disease (p=0.220). No significant difference was noted for secondary malignancy following HCT between the two groups. The present study suggests that the presence of CHIP in allogeneic stem donors does not adversely affect transplant outcomes after HCT. Accordingly, further study is warranted to reach a clearer conclusion on whether molecular profiling to determine the presence of CHIP mutations is necessary for the pre-transplant evaluation of donors prior to stem cell donation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ha Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul
| | - TaeHyung Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Igor Novitzky-Basso
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Division of Hemato-Oncology, and Center for Hematologic Malignancy Research Institute and Hospital National Cancer Center
| | - Youngseok Yoo
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Jae-Sook Ahn
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Gwangju
| | - Ivan Pasic
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Arjun Law
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Wilson Lam
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Fotios V Michelis
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Armin Gerbitz
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Auro Viswabandya
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Jeffrey Lipton
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | | | - Yardena Brilon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
| | - Noa Chapal-Ilani
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
| | - Tamir Biezuner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
| | - Liran I Shlush
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot.
| | - Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi M, Hong M, Yoo Y, Kim M, Kim J, Cha J, Kim U, Cho H, Hong S. Structure of ErbB3, ISU104 exhibits potent anti-tumorigenic activity. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322093792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
|
4
|
Yoo Y, Park S, Choi E, Sung SH. The role of intraoperative frozen section analysis in joint arthroplasty with CD66b immunohistochemical staining. Malays J Pathol 2021; 43:405-411. [PMID: 34958062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The preoperative diagnosis of infection during joint arthroplasty is important for clinical management. However, the evaluation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) during frozen section analysis is sometimes difficult due to frozen artifacts. In the present study, we sought to investigate the utility of intraoperative fresh frozen section (FFS) examination for diagnosis of infection and to evaluate whether the neutrophil-specific surface marker CD66b helps to improve the diagnostic accuracy of infection. A consecutive series of 65 original frozen sections at the time of resection arthroplasty was retrospectively reviewed compared with corresponding permanent sections. The presence of PMNs was determined using intraoperative FFS and permanent sections. Furthermore, CD66b staining was performed to identify PMNs clearly. The ratio of male to female patients was 21:42. The mean age was 70 years. Postoperatively, 25 of 65 cases were histologically diagnosed with infection (25/65; 39%). The sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative FFS relative to permanent section histology were 100% (25/25) and 95% (38/40), respectively. Among 40 patients without infection, two showed false-positive results during intraoperative FFS diagnosis (2/40, 5%). In addition, on CD66b staining, six cases (9%) experienced changes in results, which altered the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative FFS compared with permanent histology only to 87% and 87%, respectively. In conclusion, the diagnostic performance of intraoperative FFS is high and comparable to yields of permanent section histology. Therefore, intraoperative FFS is highly suitable diagnostic method for detection of infection during joint arthroplasty. And CD66b immunostaining facilitates delicate identification of PMNs, especially in equivocal cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - E Choi
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea.
| | - S H Sung
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Ma L, Yoo Y, Wang G, Zhang X, Ko MJ. Atomic layer deposition: A versatile method to enhance TiO2 nanoparticles interconnection of dye-sensitized solar cell at low temperature. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Kim J, Tak S, Yoo Y, Ko H. FEASIBILITY OF AN INTEGRATIVE ACTIVITY PROGRAM FOR LOW-EDUCATED ELDERS WITH MILD DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Seoul National University
| | - S Tak
- Seoul National University
| | - Y Yoo
- Seoul National University
| | - H Ko
- Seoul National University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yoon W, Yoo Y, Chae Y, Kee SH, Kim B. Therapeutic advantage of genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium carrying short hairpin RNA against inhibin alpha subunit in cancer treatment. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:2010-2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
8
|
Kadara H, Choi M, Zhang J, Parra ER, Rodriguez-Canales J, Gaffney SG, Zhao Z, Behrens C, Fujimoto J, Chow C, Yoo Y, Kalhor N, Moran C, Rimm D, Swisher S, Gibbons DL, Heymach J, Kaftan E, Townsend JP, Lynch TJ, Schlessinger J, Lee J, Lifton RP, Wistuba II, Herbst RS. Whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma with fully annotated clinical follow-up. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1072. [PMID: 29688333 PMCID: PMC6887935 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
9
|
Kadara H, Choi M, Zhang J, Parra ER, Rodriguez-Canales J, Gaffney SG, Zhao Z, Behrens C, Fujimoto J, Chow C, Yoo Y, Kalhor N, Moran C, Rimm D, Swisher S, Gibbons DL, Heymach J, Kaftan E, Townsend JP, Lynch TJ, Schlessinger J, Lee J, Lifton RP, Wistuba II, Herbst RS. Whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma with fully annotated clinical follow-up. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:75-82. [PMID: 27687306 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) lead to the majority of deaths attributable to lung cancer. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and immune profiling analyses of a unique set of clinically annotated early-stage LUADs to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and identify clinically relevant molecular markers. Methods We performed WES of 108 paired stage I-III LUADs and normal lung tissues using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Ten immune markers (PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45ro, CD57, CD68, FOXP3 and Granzyme B) were profiled by imaging-based immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a subset of LUADs (n = 92). Associations among mutations, immune markers and clinicopathological variables were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's exact test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for multivariate analysis of clinical outcome. Results LUADs in this cohort exhibited an average of 243 coding mutations. We identified 28 genes with significant enrichment for mutation. SETD2-mutated LUADs exhibited relatively poor recurrence- free survival (RFS) and mutations in STK11 and ATM were associated with poor RFS among KRAS-mutant tumors. EGFR, KEAP1 and PIK3CA mutations were predictive of poor response to adjuvant therapy. Immune marker analysis revealed that LUADs in smokers and with relatively high mutation burdens exhibited increased levels of immune markers. Analysis of immunophenotypes revealed that LUADs with STK11 mutations exhibited relatively low levels of infiltrating CD4+/CD8+ T-cells indicative of a muted immune response. Tumoral PD-L1 was significantly elevated in TP53 mutant LUADs whereas PIK3CA mutant LUADs exhibited markedly down-regulated PD-L1 expression. LUADs with TP53 or KEAP1 mutations displayed relatively increased CD57 and Granzyme B levels indicative of augmented natural killer (NK) cell infiltration. Conclusion(s) Our study highlights molecular and immune phenotypes that warrant further analysis for their roles in clinical outcomes and personalized immune-based therapy of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kadara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M Choi
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - E R Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - J Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - S G Gaffney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven
| | - C Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - C Chow
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Y Yoo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - D Rimm
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven
| | - S Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - D L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - J Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - E Kaftan
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven
| | - J P Townsend
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven
| | - T J Lynch
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven
| | - J Schlessinger
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven
| | - J Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
| | - R P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Maryland, USA.,Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - I I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - R S Herbst
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee JS, Yoo Y, Lim BC, Kim KJ, Choi M, Chae JH. SATB2-associated syndrome presenting with Rett-like phenotypes. Clin Genet 2016; 89:728-32. [PMID: 26596517 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) was proposed recently, after the SATB2 gene was initially discovered to be associated with isolated cleft palate. This syndrome is characterized by intellectual disability with delayed speech development, facial dysmorphism, cleft or high-arched palate, and dentition problems. Here, we describe two novel SATB2 sequence variants in two unrelated patients presenting with Rett-like phenotypes. We performed trio-based whole-exome sequencing in a 17-month-old girl presenting with severe retardation and Rett-like phenotypes, which revealed a de novo missense variant in SATB2 (p.Glu396Gln). Moreover, targeted sequencing of the SATB2 gene was performed in a 2-year-old girl with severe psychomotor retardation, facial hypotonia, and cleft palate who also exhibited some features of Rett syndrome. A nonsense variant in SATB2 was identified in this patient (p.Arg459*). This study expanded the clinical and genetic spectrum of SAS. SATB2 variants should be considered in cases with psychomotor retardation alone or in any cases with Rett-like phenotypes, regardless of the typical features of SAS such as cleft palate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Y Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B C Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-H Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee SH, Kim SM, Jang M, Yun BL, Kang E, Kim SW, Park SY, Ahn HS, Chang JH, Yoo Y, Song TK, Moon WK. Role of second-look ultrasound examinations for MR-detected lesions in patients with breast cancer. Ultraschall Med 2015; 36:140-148. [PMID: 25750138 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1399143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the clinical value of second-look ultrasound (US) examination for the evaluation of additional enhancing lesions detected on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between May 2008 and February 2011, 794 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer underwent breast MR imaging. We included 101 patients with 132 additional enhancing breast lesions detected on MR imaging who underwent second-look US. The imaging features and lesion category according to the Breast Imaging and Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) were assessed with MR and US imaging, respectively. RESULTS According to the BI-RADS system, 67 lesions (50.8 %) were classified as category 0, 33 lesions (25.0 %) as category 3, and 32 lesions (24.2 %) as category 4. Of the 67 indeterminate lesions on MR imaging, 34 (50.7 %) were demonstrated on second-look US. 11 of these 34 lesions showed suspicious sonographic features, including 1 lesion that showed malignancy (9.1 %, 1/11). Most of the suspicious lesions on MR imaging (26 of 32 BI-RADS category 4 lesions, 81.3 %) were demonstrated on second-look US, and 17 were malignant (65.4 %, 17/26). Of the 6 BI-RADS category 4 lesions without sonographic correlation, 1 was malignant (16.7 %, 1/6). CONCLUSION Second-look US examination was useful for evaluating MR-detected lesions in patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/classification
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/classification
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/classification
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Retrospective Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Ultrasonography, Interventional
- Ultrasonography, Mammary
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - S M Kim
- Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hosipital, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - M Jang
- Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hosipital, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - B L Yun
- Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hosipital, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
| | - E Kang
- Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - S W Kim
- Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - S Y Park
- Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea, Republic of
| | - H S Ahn
- Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - J H Chang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Y Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - T K Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - W K Moon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoon W, Kang B, Park Y, Chae Y, Choung J, Yoo Y. Therapeutic Effects Of Recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium Expressing Ccl22 mirna On Atopic Dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Yoo Y, Bauer S, La K, Seo H, Seo S, Song D, Choung J. Relationships Between Airway Hyperresponsiveness to Methacholine, Blood Eosinophil Markers and FeNO in Asthmatic Children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
14
|
Hyun J, Park K, Yoo Y, Lee B, Han B, Song E, Park M. Effects of Different Sensitization Events on HLA Alloimmunization in Solid Organ Transplantation Patients. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:222-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
15
|
Sung YT, Fasulo PD, Rodgers WR, Yoo YT, Yoo Y, Paul DR. Properties of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/talc composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
16
|
Yoon JR, Jeon Y, Yoo Y, Shin HJ, Ahn JH, Lim CH. The analgesic effect of remifentanil on prevention of withdrawal response associated with the injection of rocuronium in children: no evidence for a peripheral action. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1795-800. [PMID: 21309495 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Remifentanil pre-treatment has been reported to decrease the incidence of rocuronium injection-associated withdrawal movement. This study was designed to explore the site of action of remifentanil for reducing withdrawal response during rocuronium injection in children. Ninety-six paediatric patients were randomly assigned to three groups. After induction of anaesthesia with 5 mg/kg 2.5% thiopental sodium, 2 ml saline (placebo group) or 0.5 microg/kg remifentanil (group R), was injected intravenously 1 min before 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium. In a third group (group R'), the venous retention of 0.5 microg/kg remifentanil was maintained for 30 s followed by tourniquet release and injection of 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium. Withdrawal response was graded using a four-point scale. The incidence of withdrawal movement after rocuronium administration was 94%, 22% and 81% in the placebo, R, and R' groups, respectively. This study demonstrated that the pre-treatment effect of remifentanil for reducing rocuronium-associated withdrawal response occurs mainly through a central action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Yoon
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoo Y, McGrath JE. Synthesis of primary hydroxyl functional poly(propylene oxide) of controlled molecular weight by direct polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19910420132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Yoo Y, Bauer S, Kim J, La K, Song D, Kim H, Choung J. Comparison of Bronchodilator Responsiveness After Methacholine-induced and AMP-induced Bronchoconstriciton in Asthmatic Children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Choi Y, Park C, Jin C, Kim B, Kim G, Jung J, Kim W, Yoo Y. 491 J7, a methyl jasmonate analogue, enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through reactive oxygen species generation. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
20
|
Abstract
Cofilin is a major regulator of actin dynamics involved in the regulation of cell spreading and migration through its actin depolymerizing and severing activities. V-Src is an activated Src tyrosine kinase and a potent oncogene known to phosphorylate a variety of cellular proteins in cell transformation process including altered cell adhesion, spreading and migration. Recently, it has been suggested that cofilin is a potential substrate of v-Src (Rush et al., 2005). Here, we show direct tyrosine phosphorylation of cofilin by v-Src and identify Y68 as the major phosphorylation site. Cofilin phosphorylation at Y68 did not change its activity per se, but induced increased ubiquitination of cofilin and its degradation through the proteosome pathway. Furthermore, the negative effect of cofilin on cellular F-actin contents was inhibited by co-expression of v-Src, whereas that of cofilin mutant Y68F (Y68 mutated to F) was not affected, suggesting that v-Src-mediated cofilin phosphorylation at Y68 is required for degradation of cofilin in vivo. Lastly, inhibition of cell spreading by v-Src was rescued partially by co-expression of cofilin, and to a greater extent by the Y68F mutant which is not subjected to v-Src induced degradation through phosphorylation, suggesting that v-Src mediated changes in cell spreading is, at least in part, through inhibiting the function of cofilin via phosphorylating it at Y68. Together, these results suggest a novel mechanism by which cofilin is regulated by v-Src through tyrosine phosphorylation at Y68 that triggers degradation of cofilin via ubiquitination-proteosome pathway and consequently inhibits cofilin activity in reducing cellular F-actin contents and cell spreading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Choi I, Byeon J, La K, Yoo Y, Choung J. Relationship Between Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthmatic Children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Ryu J, Shin E, Lee J, Yoo Y, Cho J, Kim H, Lee E, Kim C. Haplotypes of BRCA1 and survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
23
|
Yoo Y, Kim DK, Yu J, Choi SH, Kim CK, Koh YY. Relationships of methacholine and AMP responsiveness with peak expiratory flow variability in children with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1158-64. [PMID: 17651145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both bronchial responsiveness (BR) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability are increased in asthma. PEF variability is presumed to reflect the degree of BR in asthma. BR is commonly assessed by bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) responsiveness with regard to their relationships with PEF variability in children with asthma. METHODS Methacholine and AMP challenge tests were performed in 79 children with mild to moderate asthma, and a provocative concentration causing a 20% decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (PC(20)) was calculated for each challenge. Subjects recorded PEF each morning and each evening for 14 consecutive days. PEF variability was expressed as amplitude percentage mean (amp%mean; high PEF minus low PEF on each day, expressed as a percentage of their mean, averaged over 14 days), and as the lowest percentage highest (low%high; the lowest PEF expressed as a percentage of the highest PEF recorded over the period). RESULTS Methacholine PC(20) correlated significantly but weakly with both indices of PEF variability (amp%mean: r=-0.285, P=0.011; low%high: r=0.238, P=0.034). However, there was a significant and strong correlation between AMP PC(20) and both amp%mean (r=-0.583, P=0.000) and low%high (r=0.496, P=0.000). For AMP PC(20), the correlations were stronger than for methacholine PC(20) (comparison of correlation coefficients with amp%mean: P=0.021; with low%high: P=0.063). CONCLUSION Both methacholine PC(20) and AMP PC(20) correlated significantly with PEF variability. However, the stronger correlations for AMP PC(20) than for methacholine PC(20) suggest that PEF variability may be better reflected by BR assessed by AMP than by methacholine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Choi SH, Kim DK, Yu J, Yoo Y, Koh YY. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate in young children with asthma: their relationship with blood eosinophils and serum eosinophil cationic protein. Allergy 2007; 62:1119-24. [PMID: 17573858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a characteristic feature of asthma, and is usually measured by bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli. Blood eosinophil numbers and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) are considered as indirect measures of airway inflammation in asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bronchial responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) is more closely associated with blood eosinophil markers, compared with that to methacholine, in young children with asthma. METHODS Methacholine and AMP bronchial challenges were performed in 4- to 6-year-old children with asthma (n = 77) and in healthy controls (n = 32), using a modified auscultation method. The end-point was defined as the appearance of wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation. The peripheral blood eosinophil counts and serum ECP concentrations were determined in each subject. RESULTS A positive response to methacholine (end-point concentration < or =8mg/ml) and to AMP (end-point concentration < or =200 mg/ml) was observed in 74 (96.1%) and 66 asthmatic children (85.7%), respectively. A majority of controls was unresponsive to both challenges. In the asthma group, there was no significant correlation between methacholine end-point concentration and the eosinophil counts (r = -0.111, P = 0.337) or serum ECP levels (r = -0.126, P = 0.274). In contrast, AMP end-point concentration correlated significantly with the eosinophil counts (r = -0.372, P = 0.001) and with serum ECP levels (r = -0.371, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that bronchial responsiveness to AMP is more closely related to airway inflammation, compared with that to methacholine, and support the potential usefulness of AMP challenges in detecting inflammatory changes in young children with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim DK, Choi SH, Yu J, Yoo Y, Koh YY. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate in atopic and non-atopic preschool children with recurrent wheezing. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:15-21. [PMID: 17210037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that atopy is a major determinant of bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) in both asymptomatic and asthmatic children. However, the relationship between atopy and BHR has not been well studied in preschool children with wheezing. BHR is usually measured by bronchial challenges using direct and indirect stimuli. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether atopic and non-atopic preschool wheezers display similar or different BHR profiles for direct and indirect stimuli. METHODS Methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) bronchial challenges were performed in 4 to 6-year-old children with recurrent wheezing, using a modified auscultation method. The end-point was defined as the appearance of wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation. Atopy was determined to be present when a child had at least one positive reaction to a panel of 13 common airborne allergens in the presence of positive and negative controls. RESULTS A positive response to methacholine (an end-point concentration < or =8 mg/mL) was observed in 89.3% (50/56) of atopic wheezers and in 83.8% (31/37) of non-atopic wheezers (P=0.44) for the difference. By contrast, the frequency of a positive response to AMP (an end-point concentration < or =200 mg/mL) was significantly higher in the atopic group (47/56, 83.9%) compared with the non-atopic group (12/37, 32.4%; P<0.01). CONCLUSION While a majority of both atopic and non-atopic preschool wheezers were hyper-responsive to methacholine, atopic subjects were more hyper-responsive to AMP than non-atopic subjects. These findings suggest that atopic and non-atopic wheeze in preschool children are related to distinctive pathophysiologic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with allergic rhinitis but no clinical evidence of asthma have greater bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and several factors have been implicated as its determinants. However, studies in young children are lacking. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of BHR in young children with allergic rhinitis and to investigate its risk factors. METHODS Methacholine bronchial challenges were performed in 4- to 6-year-old nonasthmatic children with allergic rhinitis (n = 83) and in healthy nonatopic controls (n = 32), using a modified auscultation method. The end-point was defined as the appearance of wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation. Subjects were considered to have BHR when they had end-point concentrations of methacholine <or=8 mg/mL. Clinical and laboratory data in allergic rhinitis patients and a history of allergic diseases in their parents were collected. RESULTS BHR was observed in 27 subjects with allergic rhinitis (32.5%) and three controls (9.4%). Among subjects with allergic rhinitis, serum total IgE, the number and pattern of skin-prick test responses, blood eosinophil markers, and parental history of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were not different between the BHR(+) and BHR(-) groups, whereas the persistent type of rhinitis and parental history of asthma were more frequent in the BHR(+) group than in the BHR(-) group. These associations remained significant in a multivariable logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS Young children with allergic rhinitis alone showed an increased prevalence of BHR. Both persistent type of rhinitis and parental history of asthma were significant and independent risk factors for BHR in these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yoo Y, Choung J, Yu J, Choi S, Koh Y. Comparison Of ΔFVC (% Fall In FVC At The Methacholine PC20) Between Asymptomatic And Symptomatic BHR. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
28
|
Yoo Y, Yu J, Kim DK, Choi SH, Kim CK, Koh YY. Methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate challenges in children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans. Eur Respir J 2006; 27:36-41. [PMID: 16387933 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.06.00019605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma, but is also frequently demonstrated by children and adults with chronic obstructive lung diseases. AHR is usually measured by bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli. The aim of this study was to compare these two types of bronchial challenge in children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) challenges were used as tools for the evaluation of AHR to direct and indirect stimuli, respectively, in children with post-infectious BO (n = 28). These results were compared with those of asthmatic (n = 30) and control children (n = 25). Altogether, twenty-two patients (78.6%) with post-infectious BO were hyperreactive to methacholine with a provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20) of <16 mg x mL(-1), but only six (21.4%) were hyperreactive to AMP with a PC20 of <200 mg x mL(-1). All patients with asthma responded positively to methacholine, and most (28, 93.3%) also responded positively to AMP. The majority of controls were insensitive to both challenges. Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine is a frequent, but by no means universal, finding in children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, but is usually not accompanied by airway hyperresponsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate. This finding suggests that airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans has characteristics that differ from those of asthmatic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Dept of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early exposure to high quantities of allergen has an important role in the incidence of atopic sensitization. In fact, subjects sensitized to house dust mites (HDMs) have a significantly higher proportion of births in the season when HDMs are most abundant. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether birth month patterns differ for asthmatic patients sensitized only to HDMs and for those sensitized to HDMs and other allergen(s). METHODS Among 2225 patients with asthma, aged 10-16 years, 1642 sensitized to HDMs were identified by skin prick testing. This group was composed of patients sensitized only to HDMs (n = 715) and patients sensitized to HDMs and other allergen(s) (n = 927). The birth month distributions of the group of HDM-sensitive asthmatics or its subgroups were compared with that of a reference population (total live births in the same years as the studied subjects). The risk ratio of a given birth month in relation to all the other months was calculated as an odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A significant difference in birth month distribution was observed for HDM-sensitive asthmatics (chi(2) = 23.6, P = 0.015), with higher rates of birth in August (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.46) and September (1.24, 1.04-1.46). When the two subgroups were analyzed separately, significantly more births were noted in August (1.34, 1.06-1.71) and September (1.34, 1.05-1.70) for those sensitized only to HDMs, whereas no such birth month preference was observed for those sensitized to HDMs and other allergen(s). CONCLUSIONS The HDM-positive asthmatics showed a greater proportion of births in August and September, which correspond to high HDM exposure. However, this birth month pattern was evident in asthmatic-sensitive only to HDMs, but was not observed in those sensitive to HDMs and other allergen(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from epidemiologic studies have shown that childhood atopy is probably a hereditary disorder, because the offspring of affected parents have a higher risk of developing atopy. Among the atopic population, some subjects are sensitized to only one class of allergens (monosensitized), while other subjects are sensitized to more than one class of allergens (polysensitized). The aim of this study was to investigate whether atopy profile (monosensitization/polysensitization) in children is linked to the same conditions in their parents. METHODS We evaluated sensitization to five classes of aeroallergens (house dust mites, animal danders, pollens, molds, and cockroach) by skin prick testing in a group of 494 children with suspicious allergic symptoms and in their parents. RESULTS The frequency of parental atopy was highest (51.6%) in polysensitized children (n = 189), intermediate (37.1%) in monosensitized children (n = 178), and was lowest (22.4%) in nonsensitized children (n = 127). The proportion of polysensitized subjects among atopic parents was significantly higher for polysensitized children (45.6%) than for monosensitized children (31.1%). Polysensitized children were found to more frequently have one or both parents polysensitized (32.3%, 7.4%) than monosensitized children (18.5%, 2.2%) with odds ratios of 2.09 (95% CI: 1.29-3.40) and 3.48 (1.12-10.78), respectively, whereas the likelihood of having one or two monosensitized parents was not increased for polysensitized children. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a familial coincidence of atopy profile in terms of monosensitization and polysensitization, although the relative importance of genetic or environmental influence should be studied further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kang
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yoo Y, Yu J, Kang H, Kim D, Koh Y, Kim C. Different birth month pattern according to the presence of concomitant sensitization to other allergen(s) in house dust mite-sensitive asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
32
|
Yu J, Yoo Y, Kim D, Koh Y. Relationship between duration of disease and bronchial responsiveness in 6-8 year old children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Yoo Y, Koh YY, Kang H, Yu J, Nah KM, Kim CK. Sputum eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic protein levels in cough-variant asthma and in classic asthma, and their relationships to airway hypersensitivity or maximal airway response to methacholine. Allergy 2004; 59:1055-62. [PMID: 15355463 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to compare the degree of airway inflammation in cough-variant asthma (CVA) with that in classic asthma (CA), and to examine the relationship between airway inflammation and airway hypersensitivity or maximal airway response to methacholine in both conditions. METHODS Sputum was induced in 41 CVA patients, in 41 methacholine PC(20)-matched CA patients, and in 20 healthy children. The sputum samples were analyzed for total and differential cell counts, and for eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP). A high-dose methacholine challenge test was performed in CVA and CA patients to determine PC(20) and maximal airway response. RESULTS Sputum eosinophil percentages and ECP levels were significantly elevated in CVA and CA vs the control, but no significant differences were found between the two asthma groups. In the two asthma groups, neither sputum parameters correlated significantly with methacholine PC(20). However, the absence of a maximal response plateau or its higher level, when present, was associated with increased eosinophil percentages and ECP levels in the CVA group. CONCLUSIONS The degree of eosinophilic inflammation may not be causally related to differences in presented asthma manifestations. The identification of a maximal response plateau and the level of this plateau in patients with CVA may provide information pertinent to airway eosinophilic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim CK, Kim JT, Kang H, Yoo Y, Koh YY. Sputum eosinophilia in cough-variant asthma as a predictor of the subsequent development of classic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:1409-14. [PMID: 14519148 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of patients diagnosed with cough-variant asthma eventually manifest classic asthma signs, such as wheezing and dyspnoea. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the percentage of eosinophils and/or concentration of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in sputum induced from patients with cough-variant asthma can predict the development of classic asthma. METHODS Sixty-two children with cough-variant asthma were prospectively studied for 4 years. At the initiation of the study, sputum was induced with hypertonic saline, and the sputum samples were analysed for total and differential cell counts, and for ECP. Each subject was checked clinically at least every 3 months, and details of classic asthma signs experienced during the intervening periods were taken. RESULTS Twenty-four (47.1%) of the 51 subjects available for follow-up developed signs of classic asthma, while 27 did not. The only significant difference in the sputum parameters between these two groups was a higher percentage of sputum eosinophils in subjects who developed classic asthma. A significant association was found between sputum eosinophil percentage and classic asthma development, but not between the concentration of sputum ECP and classic asthma development. CONCLUSION Sputum eosinophilia in cough-variant asthma may be a correlate of the later development of classic asthma. This suggests that sputum differential cell counts may be useful in the clinical management of patients with cough-variant asthma, as they may enable the prediction of the subsequent classic asthma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The maternal-effect sterile (MES) proteins are maternally supplied regulators of germline development in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the hermaphrodite progeny from mes mutant mothers, the germline dies during larval development. On the basis of the similarities of MES-2 and MES-6 to known transcriptional regulators and on the basis of the effects of mes mutations on transgene expression in the germline, the MES proteins are predicted to be transcriptional repressors. One of the MES proteins, MES-3, is a novel protein with no recognizable motifs. In this article we show that MES-3 is localized in the nuclei of embryos and germ cells, consistent with its predicted role in transcriptional regulation. Its distribution in the germline and in early embryos does not depend on the wild-type functions of the other MES proteins. However, its nuclear localization in midstage embryos and its persistence in the primordial germ cells depend on wild-type MES-2 and MES-6. These results are consistent with biochemical data showing that MES-2, MES-3, and MES-6 associate in a complex in embryos. The distribution of MES-3 in the adult germline is regulated by the translational repressor GLD-1: MES-3 is absent from the region of the germline where GLD-1 is known to be present, MES-3 is overexpressed in the germline of gld-1 mutants, and GLD-1 specifically binds the mes-3 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). Analysis of temperature-shifted mes-3(bn21ts) worms and embryos indicates that MES-3 function is required in the mother's germline and during embryogenesis to ensure subsequent normal germline development. We propose that MES-3 acts epigenetically to induce a germline state that is inherited through both meiosis and mitosis and that is essential for survival of the germline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lyoo W, Kim J, Yoon W, Ji B, Choi J, Cho J, Lee J, Yang S, Yoo Y. Effects of polymer concentration and zone drawing on the structure and properties of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) film. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
A 22-year-old male with more than 28 needle marks on his right arm was found dead. First, he was suspected as a drug abuser. Blood, urine, spleen, and injection-site tissue was collected during autopsy. The blood and urine specimens were screened for drugs. Immunoassay studies did not show any illegal drugs. However, two unidentified peaks were isolated in both of these biological fluids by routine gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) and thermionic specific detection. Additional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis determined these two peaks to be tiletamine and zolazepam. These two agents are used in combination as veterinary anesthesia. The concentrations of these drugs in blood were quantitated by GC-FID and found to be 0.85 mg/L of tiletamine and 3.3 mg/L of zolazepam. In urine, tiletamine and its metabolite, 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-thionyl) cyclohexanol, were identified to be present along with zolazepam. The concentrations of tiletamine and zolazepam in spleen were revealed to be 0.92 and 3.5 mg/kg, respectively. Injection-site tissue concentrations were determined to be 25.1 mg/kg tiletamine and 23.3 mg/kg for zolazepam. The cause of death in this case was determined to be due to the multiple drug intoxication of tiletamine and zolazepam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Chung
- National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yoo Y, Ortega A, Yu B. Image subband coding using context-based classification and adaptive quantization. IEEE Trans Image Process 1999; 8:1702-1715. [PMID: 18267448 DOI: 10.1109/83.806617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive compression methods have been a key component of many proposed subband (or wavelet) image coding techniques. This paper deals with a particular type of adaptive subband image coding where we focus on the image coder's ability to adjust itself "on the fly" to the spatially varying statistical nature of image contents. This backward adaptation is distinguished from more frequently used forward adaptation in that forward adaptation selects the best operating parameters from a predesigned set and thus uses considerable amount of side information in order for the encoder and the decoder to operate with the same parameters. Specifically, we present backward adaptive quantization using a new context-based classification technique which classifies each subband coefficient based on the surrounding quantized coefficients. We couple this classification with online parametric adaptation of the quantizer applied to each class. A simple uniform threshold quantizer is employed as the baseline quantizer for which adaptation is achieved. Our subband image coder based on the proposed adaptive classification quantization idea exhibits excellent rate-distortion performance, in particular at very low rates. For popular test images, it is comparable or superior to most of the state-of-the-art coders in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Media Technologies Laboratory, DSP Solutions R&D Center, Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, TX 75243, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang J, Yoo Y, Gao C, Takeuchi I, Sun X, Chang H, Xiang X, Schultz PG. Identification of a blue photoluminescent composite material from a combinatorial library. Science 1998; 279:1712-4. [PMID: 9497288 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5357.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A quaternary combinatorial masking strategy was used in conjunction with photolithography to generate compositionally diverse thin-film phosphor libraries containing 1024 different compositions on substrates 2.5 centimeters square. A parallel imaging system and scanning spectrophotometer were used to identify and characterize compositions in the library with interesting luminescent behavior. Optimal compositions were identified with the use of gradient libraries, in which the stoichiometry of a material was varied continuously. This process led to the identification of an efficient blue photoluminescent composite material, Gd3Ga5O12/SiO2. Experimental evidence suggests that luminescence in this material may arise from interfacial effects between SiO2 and Gd3Ga5O12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- J. Wang, C. Gao, I. Takeuchi, X.-D. Xiang, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Y. Yoo, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. X. Sun and H. Chang
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
During the progression of certain degenerative conditions, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, mitochondria are a source of increased free-radical generation and exhibit declines in respiratory function(s). It has therefore been suggested that oxidative damage to mitochondrial components plays a critical role in the pathology of these processes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane lipids are prime molecular targets of free-radical damage. A major product of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), is highly cytotoxic and can readily react with and damage protein. In this study, the effects of HNE on intact cardiac mitochondria were investigated to gain insight into potential mechanisms by which free radicals mediate mitochondrial dysfunction. Exposure of mitochondria to micromolar concentrations of HNE caused rapid declines in NADH-linked but not succinate-linked state 3 and uncoupled respiration. The activity of complex I was unaffected by HNE under the conditions of our experiments. Loss of respiratory activity reflected the inability of HNE-treated mitochondria to meet NADH demand during maximum rates of O2 consumption. HNE exerted its effects on intact mitochondria by inactivating alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. These results therefore identify a potentially important mechanism by which free radicals bring about declines in mitochondrial respiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Humphries
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4970, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gyr K, Meier R, Häussler J, Boulétreau P, Fleig WE, Gatta A, Holstege A, Pomier-Layrargues G, Schalm SW, Groeneweg M, Scollo-Lavizzari G, Ventura E, Zeneroli ML, Williams R, Yoo Y, Amrein R. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of flumazenil in the treatment of portal systemic encephalopathy: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled multicentre study. Gut 1996; 39:319-24. [PMID: 8977350 PMCID: PMC1383318 DOI: 10.1136/gut.39.2.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with hepatic failure. Small scale studies have shown the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil to be effective in ameliorating PSE. AIMS To determine the efficacy of flumazenil in patients with non-comatous mild to moderate PSE (stages I to III) due to severe chronic liver disease. PATIENTS 49 male and female adults without symptoms of severe bleeding and sepsis and who screened negative for benzodiazepine in both blood and urine, were included in the study. METHODS Patients were randomised to receive either three sequential bolus injections of flumazenil (0.4, 0.8, and 1 mg) or placebo at one minute intervals, followed by intravenous infusions of either flumazenil (1 mg/h) or placebo for three hours. Clinical PSE grading and vital signs were assessed hourly during baseline and post-treatment periods and half hourly during treatment. The main outcome measures were improvement in group average PSE score and reduction of two points in individual PSE score (clinically relevant improvement). RESULTS The mean average improvement in the PSE score in the subjects treated with flumazenil was not statistically significantly different from placebo. However, for patients showing clinically relevant improvement, the difference between flumazenil and placebo was statistically significant (seven of 28 v none of 21; p = 0.015). Flumazenil was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS A subgroup of patients with PSE resulting from chronic liver disease may benefit from the administration of flumazenil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Gyr
- Department Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universitats-Poliklinik, Kantonsspital Basel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Zipeprol and dextromethorphan are abused together by young people in Korea to obtain a stronger hallucinogenic effect. Because large amounts of these drugs are taken for this reason, nine fatal poisonings due to zipeprol and dextromethorphan have been reported since 1993. In this paper, the concentration of drugs in the postmortem blood and gastric contents of these victims is examined. The determination and identification of the drugs in biological fluids were conducted by gas chromatography (GC)-thermionic specific detection and GC-mass spectrometry. Linear calibration curves and high recoveries were obtained. The blood concentrations of zipeprol varied from 1.3 to 28.6 micrograms/mL, and the concentrations of dextromethorphan ranged from 1.1 to 18.3 micrograms/mL. The concentration of zipeprol in the gastric contents ranged from 26.8 to 1384.8 micrograms/g, and dextromethorphan concentrations varied from 2.1 to 243.7 micrograms/g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Mitotic cyclins are key cell-cycle regulators that are relatively stable through most of the cell-cycle then rapidly degraded at mitosis. We have detected ubiquitin conjugates of full-length Xenopus cyclin B2 strongly suggesting that ubiquitination rather than a proteolytic cleavage is the initiating event in cyclin destruction. The highest levels of ubiquitin conjugates correlate with the phase of rapid proteolysis. This result supports previous findings that implicate the ubiquitin system in cyclin proteolysis. However, we also observe cyclin-ubiquitin conjugates in both cytostatic factor arrested and interphase extracts where cyclin is more stable. The physiologic role of ubiquitinated cyclin under these conditions is unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T Mahaffey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
A 37-year-old man had a considerable concentration of methamphetamine in his urine, but he denied taking any abused drug. It was found that he took a pain killer that contains famprofazone, a relatively strong analgesic whose metabolites include methamphetamine and amphetamine. The human urinary metabolism of famprofazone was investigated. Immunoassay was used as a preliminary test, and gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used for quantitation and confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The abuse of zipeprol, an antitussive agent, is prevalent among young people in Korea. For its hallucinogenic effects, abusers have taken overdoses of the drug; thus, fatalities from zipeprol overdose have risen since 1991. In order to determine the postmortem distribution of zipeprol, tissues and blood from 23 decedents who had histories of drug abuse were examined. Homogenized tissue (1 g) and 1 mL blood were extracted by ethyl acetate. Cinnarizine was used as an internal standard. A Varian GC 4600 equipped with a thermionic specific detector was used to quantitate the drug using a DB-5 megabore column, and a Finnigan GC-MS model 4021 was used to obtain mass spectral identification of the extracts. The blood zipeprol concentrations varied from 2.3 to 38.3 micrograms/mL. The highest concentration of zipeprol was found in stomach tissue. Zipeprol concentrations in tissues were higher than the corresponding blood concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mahaffey D, Yoo Y, Rechsteiner M. Ubiquitin metabolism in cycling Xenopus egg extracts. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:21205-11. [PMID: 8407956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenopus egg extract is capable of supporting mitosis in vitro, which makes it ideal for biochemical analysis of the cell cycle. Since several studies have implicated the ubiquitin system in cell cycle progression, we have measured ubiquitin conjugation rates, proteolysis of ubiquitin-lysozyme conjugates, and rates of isopeptidase activity in cycling Xenopus egg extracts. Although ubiquitin conjugation in cytostatic factor arrested extract was half that in activated extract, there were no changes in rates of ubiquitin conjugation during the cell cycle. Ubiquitin conjugates are degraded by a 26 S ATP-stimulated protease. The ability of the 26 S protease to degrade ubiquitin-lysozyme conjugates and a fluorigenic peptide also remained constant across the cell cycle. In contrast to previously characterized systems, isopeptidase activity in Xenopus egg extract is energy-dependent. Glycerol gradient fractionation of Xenopus egg extract separated two ATP-dependent isopeptidases. On co-sedimented with the 26 S protease; the other sedimented slower and was not associated with any additional proteolytic activity. As found for rates of Ub conjugation and conjugate proteolysis, there was little or no variation in isopeptidase activity during the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mahaffey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Hardcastle KI, Yoo Y, Kabir S, Rosenberg E. Hydride atom location and agostic hydride interactions in triosmium imidoyl carbonyl clusters. Acta Crystallogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767378093915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
49
|
Yoo Y, Watts S, Rechsteiner M. Ubiquitin-RAS peptide extensions as substrates for farnesyl-protein transferase and carboxymethyltransferase. Biochem J 1992; 285 ( Pt 1):55-60. [PMID: 1322127 PMCID: PMC1132743 DOI: 10.1042/bj2850055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Using oligonucleotide-mediated 'loop-in' mutagenesis strategies in M13, a heat-inducible ubiquitin (Ub) gene was extended by sequences coding for the C-terminal 11 amino acids of Ha-RAS. The resulting gene was transformed into AR13 and production of the Ub-peptide extension was induced by heat treatment. After one-step purification, the fusion protein (Ub-cRAS) was used as a substrate for farnesyl-protein transferase. Ub-cRAS was farnesylated on incubation in Xenopus egg extract or rabbit reticulocyte lysate. In contrast, when serine was substituted for the last cysteine in the RAS extension, transfer of the [3H]farnesyl group from [3H] farnesyl pyrophosphate to the modified Ub-cRAS was not observed. Farnesylation of Ub-cRAS permitted us to develop an easy membrane-binding assay for farnesyl-protein transferase enzyme activity. Using this assay, we partially purified the enzyme from rabbit reticulocyte lysate. We also detected methylation of the farnesylated Ub-cRAS terminus in Xenopus egg extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Four ubiquitin-peptide extensions prepared as cloned products in E. coli were tested as casein kinase II substrates. Two extensions containing the sequence Ser-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu were readily phosphorylated by partially purified rabbit reticulocyte casein kinase II. The other two fusion proteins, which lack a consensus phosphorylation site for casein kinase II, did not serve as substrates under identical reaction conditions. Native ubiquitin was not phosphorylated by reticulocyte casein kinase II, nor have we observed its phosphorylation in crude extracts from HeLa cells, mouse liver, or Xenopus eggs. Ubiquitin's apparent lack of phosphorylatable residues coupled with its remarkable heat stability and rapid migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels make the protein an attractive carrier for carboxyl-terminal peptides containing specific phosphorylation sites. Such ubiquitin extension proteins should prove valuable as protein kinase substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132
| | | |
Collapse
|