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Ahn YJ, Shin HJ, Jeong EA, An HS, Lee JY, Jang HM, Kim KE, Lee J, Shin MC, Roh GS. Exendin-4 Pretreatment Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102527. [PMID: 34685508 PMCID: PMC8534217 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exendin-4 (Ex-4) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist that protects against brain injury. However, little is known about the effect of Ex-4 on kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures and hippocampal cell death. Therefore, this study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of Ex-4 pretreatment in a mouse model of KA-induced seizures. Three days before KA treatment, mice were intraperitoneally injected with Ex-4. We found that Ex-4 pretreatment reversed KA-induced reduction of GLP-1R expression in the hippocampus and attenuated KA-induced seizure score, hippocampal neuronal death, and neuroinflammation. Ex-4 pretreatment also dramatically reduced hippocampal lipocalin-2 protein in KA-treated mice. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies showed that Ex-4 pretreatment significantly alleviated blood–brain barrier leakage. Finally, Ex-4 pretreatment stimulated hippocampal expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (p-CREB), a known target of GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling. These findings indicate that Ex-4 pretreatment may protect against KA-induced neuronal damage by regulating GLP-1R/CREB-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jeong Ahn
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hyun-Joo Shin
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Eun-Ae Jeong
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hyeong-Seok An
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jong-Youl Lee
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hye-Min Jang
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Kyung-Eun Kim
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Meong-Cheol Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Gu-Seob Roh
- Bio Anti-Aging Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-J.A.); (H.-J.S.); (E.-A.J.); (H.-S.A.); (J.-Y.L.); (H.-M.J.); (K.-E.K.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-8035; Fax: +82-55-772-8039
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Ahn YJ, Hong KE, Yum HR, Lee JH, Kim KS, Youn YA, Park SH. Characteristic clinical features associated with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:924-930. [PMID: 28234354 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo identify the risk factors for, and clinical features and treatment outcomes of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) in Korean infants.MethodsAmong 770 premature infants who underwent screening, 105 infants (198 eyes, 13.63%) received treatment for ROP. A total of 24 infants (48 eyes, 3.12%) developed APROP while 81 infants (150 eyes, 10.52%) developed non-APROP treatment-requiring type. The medical records of ROP-treated infants were reviewed retrospectively. The associated systemic and maternal risk factors were analyzed and anatomical outcomes were compared according to the severity of ROP and treatment modalities.ResultsThe mean gestational age and birth weight at birth in the APROP group were significantly lower than those in the non-APROP group (P=0.019, P<0.001, respectively). Infants who were born small for their GA developed APROP more frequently than non-APROP patients (P<0.001). Chorioamnionitis-positive infants also showed higher incidence rate of APROP (APROP vs non-APROP; P<0.001 and zone I APROP vs posterior zone II APROP; P=0.036, respectively). Infants with APROP required heavier laser treatment with a higher retreatment rate compared to infants with non-APROP. Favorable anatomical outcomes were achieved in 95.3% from treatment-requiring non-APROP group, 85.7% from zone I APROP and 84.6% from posterior zone II APROP group.ConclusionIntrauterine growth restriction and chorioamnionitis were associated with development of APROP. These findings suggest that perinatal maternal environment inhibiting normal retinal vascular growth in utero may contribute to increasing the risk of APROP in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K E Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H R Yum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Kim
- Apgujeong St Mary's Eye Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y A Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jung IM, Min SI, Heo SC, Ahn YJ, Hwang KT, Chung JK. Combined endovenous laser treatment and ambulatory phlebectomy for the treatment of saphenous vein incompetence. Phlebology 2008; 23:172-7. [DOI: 10.1258/phleb.2008.008002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the safety and effectiveness of endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) combined with ambulatory phlebectomy (AP) as a single procedure for treating saphenous vein incompetence. Methods The study enrolled 148 patients with saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction reflux associated with saphenous vein incompetence and enlarged branch veins. Patients were treated with EVLT (135 great saphenous veins, 41 small saphenous veins) concomitantly with AP as a single procedure. All patients were followed up by clinical assessment and duplex ultrasound at one week and 12 weeks after the procedure. Results No postprocedural deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurred. Saphenous vein recanalization rate at three months was 5.7%. Residual varicosities were found in 11.4% of the patients at three months after procedure, but only 2.3% of those required subsequent interventions. Conclusion Combined EVLT and AP could be a safe and effective treatment modality for the saphenous vein incompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Jung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital
| | - S I Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - S C Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital
| | - Y J Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital
| | - K-T Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital
| | - J K Chung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital
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Park YJ, Kim HM, Ahn YJ, Park SJ, Min HS, Kwak HK, Joo SE, Park YC, Kim KH, Oh KS, Kimm K, Park C. The Study of Association Between Metabolic Syndrome Incidence and Bmi Change in the Korean Health and Genome Study. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s44-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gwak GY, Yoon JH, Shin CM, Ahn YJ, Chung JK, Kim YA, Kim TY, Lee HS. Detection of response-predicting mutations in the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in cholangiocarcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2005; 131:649-52. [PMID: 16032426 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-005-0016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalings have recently been implicated in the genesis and progression of cholangiocarcinomas. Thus, the EGFR kinase inhibitor appears to be promising in the treatment of this cancer. The response-predicting mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR gene have recently been detected in non-small cell lung cancers. This study was, therefore, to investigate if these mutations are also found in cholangiocarcinomas. METHODS Twenty-two consecutive cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent surgical resection were enrolled. Their resected paraffin-embedded cholangiocarcinoma specimens were used for mutation analysis, which was performed by DNA sequencing of exons 18, 19 and 21 in the EGFR gene. Clinical characteristics were compared between each group according to the presence or absence of mutations. RESULTS Three patients (13.6%) harbored EGFR mutations. All the mutations found were deletions in exon 19. Mutations were more common in intra-hepatic or poorly differentiated tumors. Differences in age, sex, stage at diagnosis and survival were not observed between mutation-positive and -negative patients. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, demonstrates that a subset of cholangiocarcinoma patients has response-predicting EGFR mutations. Therefore, a highly selected application of the EGFR kinase inhibitor would be therapeutically effective in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-Y Gwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea
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Kim DH, Ahn YJ. Contact and fumigant activities of constituents of Foeniculum vulgare fruit against three coleopteran stored-product insects. Pest Manag Sci 2001; 57:301-6. [PMID: 11455661 DOI: 10.1002/ps.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal activities of materials derived from the fruit of fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, against adults of Sitophilus oryzae, Callosobruchus chinensis and Lasioderma serricorne were examined using direct contact application and fumigation methods. The biologically active constituents of the Foeniculum fruits were characterized as the phenylpropenes (E)-anethole and estragole, and the monoterpene (+)-fenchone, by spectroscopic analysis. Responses varied with insect species, compound, dose and exposure time. In a filter paper diffusion test, estragole at 0.168 mg cm-2 caused 91% mortality to S oryzae adults within 1 day after treatment (DAT), whereas (+)-fenchone and (E)-anethole gave over 90% mortality at 2 and 4 DAT, respectively. Against C chinensis adults, all test compounds revealed potent insecticidal activities at 0.021 mg cm-2 at 2 DAT. Against L serricorne adults at 0.105 mg cm-2, (E)-anethole gave 100% mortality at 1 DAT, whereas 90 and 60% mortality at 4 DAT was achieved with estragole and (+)-fenchone, respectively. In a fumigation test, the compounds were much more effective against adults of S oryzae, C chinensis and L serricorne in closed cups than in open ones, indicating that the insecticidal activity of test compounds was largely attributable to fumigant action. As naturally occurring insect-control agents, the F vulgare fruit-derived materials described could be useful for managing field populations of S oryzae, C chinensis and L serricorne.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Kim
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Republic of Korea
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Ahn YJ, Kim YJ, Yoo JK. Toxicity of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium to predatory insects and mites of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. J Econ Entomol 2001; 94:157-161. [PMID: 11233107 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The toxicities of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium to three predatory insect and two predatory mite species of Tetranychus urticae Koch were determined in the laboratory by the direct contact application. At a concentration of 540 ppm (a field application rate for weed control in apple orchards), glufosinate-ammonium was almost nontoxic to eggs of Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, and T. urticae but highly toxic to nymphs and adults of these three mite species, indicating that a common mode of action between predatory and phytophagous mites might be involved. In tests with predatory insects using 540 ppm, glufosinate-ammonium revealed little or no harm to larvae and pupae of Chrysopa pallens Rambur but was slightly harmful to eggs (71.2% mortality), nymphs (65.0% mortality), and adults (57.7% mortality) of Orius strigicollis Poppius. The herbicide showed no direct effect on eggs and adults of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) but was harmful, slightly harmful, and harmless to first instars (100% mortality), fourth instars (51.1% mortality), and pupae (24.5% mortality), respectively. The larvae and nymphs of predators died within 12 h after treatment, suggesting that the larvicidal and nymphicidal action may be attributable to a direct effect rather than an inhibitory action of chitin synthesis. On the basis of our data, glufosinate-ammonium caused smaller effects on test predators than on T. urticae with the exception of P. persimilis, although the mechanism or cause of selectivity remains unknown. Glufosinate-ammonium merits further study as a key component of integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Ahn
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Oh HW, Kim MG, Shin SW, Bae KS, Ahn YJ, Park HY. Ultrastructural and molecular identification of a Wolbachia endosymbiont in a spider, Nephila clavata. Insect Mol Biol 2000; 9:539-543. [PMID: 11029673 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2000.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia-like bacteria were observed in the egg cells of golden orb-weaving spider, Nephila clavata, by means of transmission electron microscopy. The bacteria exhibited the typical morphology of Wolbachia, including three enveloping membranes. Based on the amplification and sequencing of partial 16S rDNA and ftsZ gene, the bacteria were identified as Wolbachia, intracellular, transovarially inherited alpha-proteobacteria in invertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA and ftsZ gene sequences invariably indicated that the intracellular bacteria from N. clavata belonged to group A Wolbachia, which were found only from insects. Clustering of Wolbachia from N. clavata with group A Wolbachia indicates that the bacteria were probably transferred horizontally between insects and the spider.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Oh
- Insect Resources Laboratory, Korean Collection for Type Cultures, KoreaResearch Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
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Ahn YJ, Park SJ, Lee SG, Shin SC, Choi DH. Cordycepin: selective growth inhibitor derived from liquid culture of Cordyceps militaris against Clostridium spp. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:2744-2748. [PMID: 10898616 DOI: 10.1021/jf990862n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The growth responses of nine human intestinal bacteria to liquid culture of Cordyceps militaris Link. Pt. (Ascomycotina: Clavicipitaceae) collected from a pupa of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) were examined using spectrophotometric and impregnated paper disk methods and compared to those of tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as those of Coptis japonica root-derived berberine chloride. The biologically active constituent of the cultures was characterized as cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) by spectroscopic analysis. This compound revealed potent growth-inhibiting activity toward Clostridium paraputrificum and Clostridium perfringens at 10 microgram/disk without adverse effects on the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei, whereas tetracycline and chloramphenicol inhibited the growth of these lactic acid-producing bacteria, clostridia and Escherichia coli. However, C. militaris-derived materials revealed no growth stimulation on the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of C. militaris. As a naturally occurring antibacterial agent, cordycepin could be useful as a new preventive agent against various diseases caused by clostridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Ahn
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Republic of Korea.
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Park IK, Lee HS, Lee SG, Park JD, Ahn YJ. Insecticidal and fumigant activities of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived materials against Mechoris ursulus (Coleoptera: attelabidae). J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:2528-31. [PMID: 10888580 DOI: 10.1021/jf9904160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal and fumigant activities of Cinnamomum cassia (Blume) bark-derived materials against the oak nut weevil (Mechoris ursulus Roelofs) were examined using filter paper diffusion and fumigation methods and compared to those of the commercially available Cinnamomum bark-derived compounds (eugenol, salicylaldehyde, trans-cinnamic acid, and cinnamyl alcohol). The biologically active constituent of the Cinnamomum bark was characterized as trans-cinnamaldehyde by spectroscopic analysis. In a test with the filter paper diffusion method, trans-cinnamaldehyde showed 100 and 83.3% mortality at rates of 2.5 and 1.0 mg/filter paper, respectively. At 2.5 mg/paper, strong insecticidal activity was produced from eugenol (90.0% mortality) and salicylaldehyde (88. 9%), whereas trans-cinnamic acid revealed moderate activity (73.3%). At 5 mg/paper, weak insecticidal activity (50.0%) was produced from cinnamyl alcohol. In a fumigation test, the Cinnamomum bark-derived compounds were much more effective against M. ursulus larvae in closed cups than in open ones. These results indicate that the insecticidal activity of test compounds was attributable to fumigant action, although there is also significant contact toxicity. As a naturally occurring insect-control agent, the Cinnamomum bark-derived materials described could be useful as a new preventive agent against damage caused by M. ursulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Park
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon Republic of Korea
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Jiang Q, Li J, Dubroff R, Ahn YJ, Foskett JK, Engelhardt J, Kleyman TR. Epithelial sodium channels regulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channels in Xenopus oocytes. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:13266-74. [PMID: 10788432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.18.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), in addition to its well defined Cl(-) channel properties, regulates other ion channels. CFTR inhibits epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) currents in many epithelial and nonepithelial cells. Because modulation of net NaCl reabsorption has important implications in extracellular fluid volume homeostasis and airway fluid volume and composition, we investigated whether this regulation was reciprocal by examining whether ENaC regulates CFTR. Co-expression of human (h) CFTR and mouse (m) alphabetagammaENaC in Xenopus oocytes resulted in a significant, 3.7-fold increase in whole-cell hCFTR Cl(-) conductance compared with oocytes expressing hCFTR alone. The forskolin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-stimulated whole-cell conductance in hCFTR-mENaC co-injected oocytes was amiloride-insensitive, indicating an inhibition of mENaC following hCFTR activation, and it was blocked by DPC (diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid) and was DIDS (4, 4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid)-insensitive. Enhanced hCFTR Cl(-) conductance was also observed when either the alpha- or beta-subunit of mENaC was co-expressed with hCFTR, but this was not seen when CFTR was co-expressed with the gamma-subunit of mENaC. Single Cl(-) channel analyses showed that both CFTR Cl(-) channel open probability and the number of CFTR Cl(-) channels detected per patch increased when hCFTR was co-expressed with alphabetagammamENaC. We conclude that in addition to acting as a regulator of ENaC, CFTR activity is regulated by ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Jiang
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6144, USA
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Park IK, Lee HS, Lee SG, Park JD, Ahn YJ. Antifeeding activity of isoquinoline alkaloids identified in Coptis japonica roots against Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) and Agelastica coerulea (Coleoptera: Galerucinae). J Econ Entomol 2000; 93:331-5. [PMID: 10826181 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.2.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The anti-feeding activity of 3 isoquinoline alkaloids identified from roots of Coptis japonica Makino toward 4th-instar larvae of Hyphantria cunea Drury and adults of Agelastica coerulea Baly was examined using the leaf-dipping bioassay. The biologically active constituents of the Coptis roots were characterized as the isoquinoline alkaloids berberine, palmatine and coptisine by spectroscopic analysis. In a test with H. cunea larvae, the anti-feeding activity was much more pronounced in an application of a mixture of palmatine iodide and berberine chloride (1:1, wt:wt) at 250 ppm (82.3%) and 500 ppm (100%), compared with palmatine iodide (76.0%) and berberine chloride (75.4%) alone at 500 ppm. These results indicate a synergistic effect. With A. courulea adults, berberine chloride showed 57.5 and 91.1% anti-feeding activity at 125 and 250 ppm, respectively; whereas, weak activity was obtained in application of 500 ppm of palmatine iodide (41.4%) and coptisine chloride (52.4%) alone. The Coptis root-derived compounds merit further study as potential insect-control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Park
- School of Applied Biology & Chemistry and Research Center for New Bio-Materials in Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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Ahn YJ, Brooker DR, Kosari F, Harte BJ, Li J, Mackler SA, Kleyman TR. Cloning and functional expression of the mouse epithelial sodium channel. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:F121-9. [PMID: 10409305 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1999.277.1.f121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a major role in the transepithelial reabsorption of sodium in the renal cortical collecting duct, distal colon, and lung. ENaCs are formed by three structurally related subunits, termed alpha-, beta-, and gammaENaC. We previously isolated and sequenced cDNAs encoding a portion of mouse alpha-, beta-, and gammaENaC (alpha-, beta-, and gammamENaC). These cDNAs were used to screen an oligo-dT-primed mouse kidney cDNA library. Full-length betamENaC and partial-length alpha- and gammamENaC clones were isolated. Full-length alpha- and gammamENaC cDNAs were subsequently obtained by 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) PCR. Injection of mouse alpha-, beta-, and gammaENaC cRNAs into Xenopus oocytes led to expression of amiloride-sensitive (K(i) = 103 nM), Na(+)-selective currents with a single-channel conductance of 4.7 pS. Northern blots revealed that alpha-, beta-, and gammamENaC were expressed in lung and kidney. Interestingly, alphamENaC was detected in liver, although transcript sizes of 9.8 kb and 3.1 kb differed in size from the 3.2-kb message observed in other tissues. A partial cDNA clone was isolated from mouse liver by 5'-RACE PCR. Its sequence was found to be nearly identical to alphamENaC. To begin to identify regions within alphamENaC that might be important in assembly of the native heteroligomeric channel, a series of functional experiments were performed using a construct of alphamENaC encoding the predicted cytoplasmic NH(2) terminus. Coinjection of wild-type alpha-, beta-, and gammamENaC with the intracellular NH(2) terminus of alphamENaC abolished amiloride-sensitive currents in Xenopus oocytes, suggesting that the NH(2) terminus of alphamENaC is involved in subunit assembly, and when present in a 10-fold excess, plays a dominant negative role in functional ENaC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Ahn
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6144, USA.
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Chae SH, Jeong IH, Choi DH, Oh JW, Ahn YJ. Growth-inhibiting effects of Coptis japonica root-derived isoquinoline alkaloids on human intestinal bacteria. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:934-8. [PMID: 10552394 DOI: 10.1021/jf980991o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The growth-inhibiting activity of Coptis japonica (Makino) root-derived materials toward eight human intestinal bacteria was examined using an impregnated paper disk method and compared to that of four commercially available isoquinoline alkaloids [berberine sulfate (BS), berberine iodide (BI), palmatine chloride (PC), and palmatine sulfate(PS)], as well as that of Thea sinensis leaf-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The biologically active constituents of the Coptis extract were characterized as the isoquinoline alkaloids berberine chloride (BC), palmatine iodide (PI), and coptisine chloride (CC) by spectral analysis. The growth responses varied with both chemical and bacterial strain used. In a test using 500 microg/disk, BC and PI produced a clear inhibitory effect against Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Clostridium perfringens, and Clostridium paraputrificum, whereas weak or no inhibition was observed in Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Escherichia coli. At 1000 microg/ disk, CC revealed weak or no growth inhibition toward all test bacteria, whereas EGCG exhibited weak growth inhibition against only C. perfringens and C. paraputrificum. Among various isoquinoline alkaloids, BC exhibited more potent inhibitory activity toward C. perfringens than BI and BS, whereas the inhibitory effect was more pronounced in PI compared to PC and PS. The Coptis root-derived materials did not promote growth of B. longum and C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chae
- Division of Applied Biology and Chemistry and Research Center for New-Biomaterials in Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The growth-inhibitory activity of Galla Rhois-derived materials towards 17 intestinal bacteria was evaluated using an impregnated paper disc method. The biologically active components of Galla Rhois were characterized as the tannins methyl gallate (MG) and gallic acid (GA) by spectral analysis. The growth responses varied with bacterial strain tested. In the test using 10 mg disc-1, MG and GA produced a clear inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Cl. paraputrificum, Eubacterium limosum, Bacteroides fragilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methyl gallate showed no growth-inhibitory activity towards Bifidobacterium adolescentis or B. longum whereas the growth of B. bifidum, B. breve, B. infantis, B. animalis, B. thermophilum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lact. plantarum and Streptococcus faecalis was slightly affected. However, GA did not adversely affect the growth of the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. At 5 mg disc-1, MG significantly inhibited the growth of Cl. perfringens and Cl. paraputrificum but did not affect the growth of the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. At 1 mg disc-1, MG greatly inhibited the growth of Cl. perfringens alone. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of Galla Rhois.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Research Center for New Bio-Materials in Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Lee HS, Ahn YJ. Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Cinnamomum cassia Bark-Derived Materials on Human Intestinal Bacteria. J Agric Food Chem 1998; 46:8-12. [PMID: 10554188 DOI: 10.1021/jf970548y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The growth-inhibiting activity of Cinnamomum cassia (Blume) bark-derived materials toward five intestinal bacteria was examined using an impregnated paper disk method and compared with that of tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as four commercially available compounds (cinnamyl alcohol, trans-cinnamic acid, eugenol, and salicylaldehyde). The biologically active component of C. cassia bark was characterized as cinnamaldehyde by spectral analysis. The growth responses varied with each bacterial strain tested. In a test using 1 and 0.5 mg/disks, cinnamaldehyde revealed potent inhibition against Clostridium perfringensand Bacteroides fragilis. At 1 and 0.5 mg/disk, growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum was significantly inhibited, whereas weak or no inhibitory activity was obtained against Bifidobacterium longum or Lactobacillus acidophilus. The inhibitory effect was much more pronounced in Cl. perfringens, B. fragilis, and Bi. bifidum, compared to Bi. longum or L. acidophilus. Salicylaldehyde exhibited moderate growth-inhibiting activity, but little or no inhibition was observed from treatments with cinnamyl alcohol, trans-cinnamic acid, and eugenol. In contrast, tetracycline and chloramphenicol significantly inhibited growth of all test bacteria as low as 0.01 mg/disk. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of C. cassia bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- HS Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology and the Research Center for New Bio-Materials in Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, Republic of Korea
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Smith PR, Mackler SA, Weiser PC, Brooker DR, Ahn YJ, Harte BJ, McNulty KA, Kleyman TR. Expression and localization of epithelial sodium channel in mammalian urinary bladder. Am J Physiol 1998; 274:F91-6. [PMID: 9458827 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1998.274.1.f91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian urinary bladder exhibits transepithelial Na+ absorption that contributes to Na+ gradients established by the kidney. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that electrogenic Na+ absorption across the urinary bladder is mediated in part by amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels situated within the apical membrane of the bladder epithelium. We have used a combination of in situ hybridization, Northern blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry to examine whether the recently cloned epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is expressed in the rat urinary bladder. In situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses indicate that alpha-, beta-, and gamma-rat ENaC (rENaC) are expressed in rat urinary bladder epithelial cells. Quantitation of the levels of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-rENaC mRNA expression in rat urinary bladder, relative to beta-actin mRNA expression, indicates that, although comparable levels of alpha- and beta-rENaC subunits are expressed in the urinary bladder of rats maintained on standard chow, the level of gamma-rENaC mRNA expression is 5- to 10-fold lower than alpha- or beta-rENaC mRNA. Immunocytochemistry, using an antibody directed against alpha-rENaC, revealed that ENaCs are predominantly localized to the luminal membrane of the bladder epithelium. Together, these data demonstrate that ENaC is expressed in the mammalian urinary bladder and suggest that amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport across the apical membrane of the mammalian urinary bladder epithelium is mediated primarily by ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Smith
- Department of Physiology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA
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