[Clinical value of the implication of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome]

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) is a respiratory support technique based on extra-pulmonary gas exchange, which can effectively remove carbon dioxide generated in-vivo, reducing the requirements of respiratory support from mechanical ventilation. With improvements in extracorporeal life support technologies and increasing clinical experience, ECCO2R has potential value in clinical application with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review article discusses the principles of ECCO2R, its relevant indications for ARDS, clinical evidence, existing issues, and future directions, aiming to provide more references for the application in ARDS.

[Feasibility and safety study of distal radial artery approach in emergency PCI of elderly STEMI patients]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and safety of distal radial artery approach in emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) of elderly ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. Elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction who received emergency PCI at the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected. They were divided into the distal radial artery group and the classic radial artery group based on the puncture location. The success rate, puncture time, surgical success rate, and surgical time of the two groups were observed; The incidence of complications in patients, including radial artery occlusion rate, radial artery spasm rate, local hematoma rate, aneurysm incidence rate were recorded. Results: There were 70 cases in the distal radial artery group, including 33 males (47.1%), aged (65.6±6.7) years old; There were 70 cases in the classic radial artery group, including 35 males (50.0%), aged (66.4±6.9) years old. There was no statistically significant difference in puncture success rate, puncture time, surgical success rate, and surgical time between the distal radial artery group and the classical radial artery group (P>0.05). The incidence of radial artery occlusion in the distal radial artery group was significantly lower than that in the classical radial artery group (1.4% vs. 8.6%, P=0.024). The postoperative compression time in the distal radial artery group was significantly shorter than that in the classical radial artery group ((291.6±10.5) min vs. (343.5±9.8) min, P=0.047). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of radial artery spasm, local hematoma, and aneurysm between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The distal radial artery approach has a lower radial artery occlusion rate, shorter compression time, and better safety. It can be used as a new approach for emergency PCI in elderly patients with STEMI for clinical application.

[Association between obstructive sleep apnea and vascular injury in hypertensive patients]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and vascular injury in hypertensive patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients admitted to the Hypertension Department of TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital from April 2020 to April 2023, who finished portable sleep monitoring. Sleep monitoring indicators, flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid artery ultrasound, carotid intima-media thickness, cervical and femoral pulse wave conduction velocity (cfPWV), brachial and ankle pulse wave conduction velocity (baPWV) were analyzed. OSA was classified into mild (5 times/h≤AHI<15 times/h), moderate (15≤AHI<30 times/h), and severe (AHI≥30 times/h) based on AHI levels. FMD<6.0% was defined as vascular endothelial injury, and cfPWV>10 m/s and/or baPWV>18 m/s was defined as arterial stiffness. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between AHI, OSA severity and vascular injury, and subgroup analysis was performed in young (age≤45 years) and middle-to-old patients (age>45 years). Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding patients with diabetes, cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease. The correlation between AHI and vascular injury index was analyzed by restricted cubic spline. Results: A total of 555 adult hypertensive patients were included, the mean age was (39.7±9.2) years, 422 were males (76.0%), and the prevalence of OSA was 66.7% (370/555). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that moderate OSA (OR=2.83, P=0.019) and severe OSA (OR=3.40, P=0.016) were positively correlated with vascular endothelial injury after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and mean arterial pressure. Subgroup analysis showed that log AHI (OR=1.99, P=0.035), moderate OSA (OR=4.83, P=0.010) and severe OSA (OR=4.64, P=0.015) were associated with vascular endothelial injury in young hypertensive patients. The results of sensitivity analysis were similar to the above results. The results of restricted cubic spline analysis showed that AHI was correlated with FMD (P=0.022), and the slope of the curve was the largest when AHI was between 0 and 10 times/h. There was no correlation between log AHI and OSA severity and carotid intima-media thickening and arterial stiffness (all P<0.05). Conclusions: OSA is associated with vascular endothelial injury in hypertensive patients, especially in young patients.

[Management of menopausal syndrome in women with dyslipidemia]

The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increased in postmenopausal women due to dysregulation of lipid metabolism and deficiency of estrogen levels. At the same time, some postmenopausal women also have menopausal syndromes such as vasomotor symptoms, physical physiology, mental psychology, and urogenital tract atrophy. Menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective measure to alleviate menopausal syndrome. And initiating MHT in early menopause can reduce cardiovascular damage. However, menopausal hormone therapy can also bring the risk of thromboembolic diseases such as venous embolism, myocardial infarction and stroke. Different drug regimens have different effects on lipid metabolism. Women with menopausal syndrome should take individualized treatment plans for different types of dyslipidemia. Therefore, this article reviews the management and treatment of menopausal syndrome in women with dyslipidemia, so as to provide a reference for personalized management of dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women.

[Correlation between pulmonary quantitative CT measurement indicators and respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in stable stage]

Objective: To explore the correlation between pulmonary quantitative CT measurement indicators and respiratory symptoms in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 186 patients with COPD in stable stage who visited in the outpatient department of Beijing Hospital from March 2021 to February 2022 were prospectively included. Demographic data, respiratory symptoms and lung function were collected. The original DICOM data of high-resolution CT (HRCT) were processed using the FACT medical imaging information system and the pulmonary emphysema index pixel index-950 (PI-950) and the airway wall thickness (4-6 T) and the percentage of airway area (4-6 WA%) of the 4-6 generation bronchi which represent the segmental and subsegmental bronchi were measured automatically. According to the modified British medical research council dyspnea scale (mMRC, 0-1 point for low score group, 2-4 points for high score group), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT, score<10 points for low score group,≥10 points for high score group), cough, expectoration and wheezing (asymptomatic group and symptomatic group), they were divided into two groups as dependent variables. The relationship between imaging parameters and the above symptoms was evaluated using a logistic regression model. Results: The study ultimately included 186 patients who met the inclusion criteria, including 162 males and 24 females, aged (68.9±9.3) years old. There were 83 patients in the high mMRC group, 120 patients in the high CAT group, 146 patients in the cough group, 154 patients in the expectoration group, and 65 patients in the wheezing group. The age and emphysema parameter PI-950 in the high score group of mMRC were higher than those in the low score group, while the percentage of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) predicted value (FEV1 pred) after medication, the percentage of carbon monoxide diffusion volume (DLCO) predicted value (DLCO pred), and the percentage of the maximum midexpiratory flow (MMEF) predicted value (MMEF pred) after medication were lower than those in the low score group (all P<0.05). The age of the high CAT group was higher than that of the low score group, while FEV1 pred and MMEF pred after medication were lower than those of the low score group (all P<0.05). The proportion of males, patients with smoking history, and smoking index in the cough group were higher than those in the non cough group, while the 4 WA% was lower than that in the non cough group (all P<0.05). The proportion of males, patients with smoking history, smoking index, and PI-950 in the expectoration group were higher than those in the non expectoration group, while FEV1 pred after medication and 4 WA% were lower than those in the non expectoration group (all P<0.05). The 5 WA% and 6 WA% of the wheezing group were higher than those of the non wheezing group, while MMEF pred after medication was lower than that of the non wheezing group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for demographic characteristics, smoking, combined diseases, lung function and other confounding factors, for every 10% increase in PI-950, the likelihood of developing more severe dyspnea for the patients (high score group according to mMRC) increased by 67.3% (OR=1.673, 95%CI: 1.052-2.658); Every 10% increase in 6WA% increased the likelihood of wheezing by 3.189 times (OR=4.189, 95%CI: 1.070-16.395). No correlation was found between various imaging indicators and cough, expectoration, and CAT scores (P>0.05). Conclusion: Quantitative CT measurement indicators in stable COPD patients can explain the presence and severity of respiratory symptoms, the pulmonary emphysema indicator is associated with dyspnea, and the percentage of proximal airway wall area is associated with wheezing.

[Research and reflection on the diversified method system of multi-stages and multi-scenarios surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases]

With the outbreak of infectious diseases, more and more attention has been paid to surveillance and early warning work. Timely and accurate monitoring data is the basis of infectious diseases prevention and control. Effective early warning methods for infectious diseases can improve the timeliness and sensitivity of early warning work. This paper briefly introduces the intelligent early warning model of infectious diseases, summarizes the emerging surveillance and early warning methods of infectious diseases, and seeks the possibility of diversified surveillance and early warning in different epidemic stages and different outbreak scenarios of infectious diseases. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing a diversified method system of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning based on multi-stages and multi-scenarios and discusses the future development trend of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning, in order to provide reference for improving the construction level of infectious diseases surveillance and early warning system in China.

[Hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to COVID-19: a case report and literature review]

Objective: To improve the awareness of hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS) secondary to COVID-19 (COVID-sHPS). Methods: We reported an adult case of COVID-sHPS, including clinical presentation, laboratory examinations, histopathological findings, treatment strategy, and outcome. We also conducted literature research in PubMed database and Wanfang database using the keywords "COVID-19" and "hemophagocytic syndrome" and subsequently summarized relevant literature. Results: A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital after 4 weeks of recurrent fever. Prior to this hospitalization, he had received an empiric combination therapy with antibiotics and antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. His vital signs were within the normal range and no abnormalities were found on physical examination on admission. After admission, throat swab nucleic acid tests were weakly positive for SARS-CoV-2, and negative for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Blood nucleic acid tests for cytomegalovirus and EB virus were negative, as was blood mNGS. Laboratory tests showed a series of abnormalities, including leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, low fibrinogen, elevated serum ferritin, elevated transaminase, decreased NK cell activity, and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow. According to the HPS-2004 diagnostic criteria, he was diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome, which was high likely to be caused by COVID-19 infection due to the lack of evidence of genetic risk factors and other clear triggers. He was initially treated with dexamethasone at a dose of 10 mg·m-2·d-1 and his condition improved rapidly. The literature search identified twenty-three articles on COVID-sHPS, 22 of which were in English. A total of 89 patients had COVID-sHPS and 55 (61.7%) were male. COVID-sHPS could occur at any age, but mainly in adults (86/89, 96%). Fever was reported in the literature with a clear description of the course of the disease. Most HPS occurred during the acute phase of COVID-19, but 3 patients developed HPS during the convalescent phase. Almost all reported cases presented with increased ferritin, elevated transaminases, elevated triglycerides, and cytopenia, mainly anemia and thrombocytopenia. In the retrieved literature, HS-score≥169 was frequently used to diagnose COVID-sHPS, and glucocorticoid in combination with immunoglobulin was the most common treatment strategy. COVID-sHPS had a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate (84.2%, 75/89). Conclusions: The prognosis of COVID-sHPS is poor, so clinicians should raise their awareness of the disease, identify high-risk suspected populations, and arrange reasonable relevant examinations for definite diagnosis and early initial treatment to improve their outcome.

[Analysis on missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery by echocardiography from one single medical center]

Objectives: To analyze the reasons of missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis on anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) by echocardiography. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients with ALCAPA who underwent surgical treatment in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from August 2008 to December 2021 were included. According to the results of preoperative echocardiography and surgical diagnosis, the patients were divided into confirmed group or missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis group. The results of preoperative echocardiography were collected, and the specific echocardiographic signs were analyzed. According to the experience of the doctors, the echocardiographic signs were divided into four types, namely clear displayed, vague/doubtful displayed, no display and no notice, and the display rate of each sign was calculated (display rate=number of clearly displayed cases/total number of cases×100%). By referring the surgical data, we analyzed and recorded the pathological anatomy and pathophysiological characteristics of the patients, and the rate of missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis of echocardiography in patients with different characteristics was compared. Results: A total of 21 patients were enrolled, including 11 males, aged 1.8 (0.8, 12.3) years (range 1 month to 47 years). Except for one patient with anomalous origin of left anterior descending artery, the others were all originated from the main left coronary artery (LCA). There were 13 cases of ALCAPA in infant and children, and 8 cases of adult ALCAPA. There were 15 cases in the confirmed group (diagnostic accuracy was 71.4% (15/21)), and 6 cases in the missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis group (three cases were misdiagnosed as primary endocardial fibroelastosis, two cases were misdiagnosed as coronary-pulmonary artery fistula; and one case was missed diagnosis). The working years of the physicians in the confirmed group were longer than those in the missed diagnosis/misdiagnosed group ((12.8±5.6) years vs. (8.3±4.7) years, P=0.045). In infants with ALCAPA, the detection rate of LCA-pulmonary shunt (8/10 vs. 0, P=0.035) and coronary collateral circulation (7/10 vs. 0, P=0.042) in confirmed group was higher than that in missed diagnosis/misdiagnosed group. In adult ALCAPA patients, the detection rate of LCA-pulmonary artery shunt was higher in confirmed group than that in missed diagnosis/misdiagnosed group (4/5 vs. 0, P=0.021). The missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis rate of adult type was higher than that of infant type (3/8 vs. 3/13, P=0.410). The rate of missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis was higher in patients with abnormal origin of branches than that of abnormal origin of main trunk (1/1 vs. 5/21, P=0.028). The rate of missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis in patients with LCA running between the main and pulmonary arteries was higher than that distant from the main pulmonary artery septum (4/7 vs. 2/14, P=0.064). The rate of missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension was higher than that in patients without severe pulmonary hypertension (2/3 vs. 4/18, P=0.184). The reasons with an echocardiography missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis rate of≥50% included that (1) the proximal segment of LCA ran between the main and pulmonary arteries; (2) abnormal opening of LCA at the right posterior part of the pulmonary artery; (3) abnormal origin of LCA branches; (4) complicated with severe pulmonary hypertension. Conclusions: Echocardiography physicians' knowledge of ALCAPA and diagnostic vigilance are critical to the accuracy of diagnosis. Attention should be paid to the pediatric cases with no obvious precipitating factors of left ventricular enlargement, regardless of whether the left ventricular function is normal or not, the origin of coronary artery should be routinely explored.

[Thinking about development of multi-channel surveillance and multi-dimensional early warning system of emerging respiratory communicable diseases]

The world has paid a heavy price for the pandemic of the emerging respiratory communicable disease, so more concern about communicable disease surveillance and early warning has been aroused. This paper briefly reviews the establishment of the surveillance and early warning system of respiratory communicable diseases in China, discusses its future development and introduces the novel surveillance methods and early warning models for the purpose of establishment of a multi-channel surveillance and multi-dimensional early warning system of communicable diseases in the future and the improvement of the prevention and control of emerging respiratory communicable diseases in China.

[The effect of lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells by targeting miR-200b-5p]

Objective: To explore the effect of lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells and its possible mechanism. Methods: The tumor tissues of 31 patients with retinoblastoma admitted to Henan Provincial Eye Hospital from February to June 2020 and their corresponding normal tissues adjacent to the cancer were collected. The expression levels of lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 and miR-200b-5p in retinoblastoma tissues and normal adjacent tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Human retinal epithelial cell ARPE-19, human retinoblastoma cell Y-79 and WERI-Rb-1 were cultured in vitro. The expression levels of lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 and miR-200b-5p were detected by qRT-PCR. Y-79 cells were randomly divided into si-con group, si-lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 group, miR con group, miR-200b-5p group, si-lncRNA ADPGK-AS1+ anti-miR con group, and si-lncRNA ADPGK-AS1+ anti-miR-200b-5p group. The proliferation, cloning and apoptosis of cells in each group were detected by tetramethylazol blue method, plate cloning test and flow cytometry, respectively. The targeting relationship between lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 and miR-200b-5p was detected by double luciferase report test, and the expression level of cleaved-caspase-3 protein was detected by western blot. Results: Compared with the adjacent tissues, the expression of lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 in retinoblastoma tissues was increased (P<0.05), while the expression of miR-200b-5p was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with ARPE-19 cells, the expression of lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 in Y-79 and WERI-Rb-1 cells was increased (P<0.05), while the expression of miR-200b-5p was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the si-con group, the cell viability of the si-lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 group was reduced (1.06±0.09 vs 0.53±0.05, P<0.05), the number of cell clone formation was reduced (114.00±8.03 vs 57.00±4.13, P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate [(7.93±0.68)% vs (25.43±1.94)%] and the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3 were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the miR-con group, the cell viability of the miR-200b-5p group was decreased (1.05±0.08 vs 0.57±0.05, P<0.05), the number of cell clone formation was decreased (118.00±10.02 vs 64.00±5.13, P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate [(7.89±0.71)% vs (23.15±1.62)%] and the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3 were increased (P<0.05). lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 could target the expression of miR-200b-5p. Compared with the si-lncRNA ADPGK-AS1+ anti-miR-con group, cell viability of the si-lncRNA ADPGK-AS1+ anti-miR-200b-5p group was increased (0.53±0.04 vs 1.25±0.10, P<0.05), and the number of cell clones was increased (54.00±4.39 vs 125.00±10.03, P<0.05), while the rate of apoptosis [(25.38±1.53)% vs (9.76±0.71)%] and the protein level of cleaved-caspase-3 were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Interfering with the expression of lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 could inhibit the proliferation and clone formation and induce apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells by targeting the expression of miR-200b-5p.

A review of bubble hair deformity

Bubble hair deformity is an acquired abnormality characterized by air-filled cavity formations within the hair shaft, usually because of heat damage. Traditionally, bubble hair is diagnosed by visualization of characteristic bubbles under light microscopy. The increased utilization of trichoscopy (scalp dermoscopy) has led to its adoption in the diagnosis of many hair and scalp conditions, including bubble hair deformity. We sought to review clinical reports evaluating the patient profile, use of diagnostic imaging, and treatment options for bubble hair deformity. A systematic search of PubMed was performed in February 2021 using various keywords. Titles and abstracts were screened, leading to the selection of 11 case reports or series. The majority of patients were middle-aged Caucasian women who had used a heated tool to dry or style wet hair. Treatment consisted of cessation of heated tool usage. Light microscopy visualization of characteristic hair shaft cavities was used for diagnosis of bubble hair deformity in reports published prior to 2012. Diagnosis by trichoscopy was used in more recent reports. Our findings support the use of trichoscopy as a convenient and noninvasive method of diagnosing bubble hair deformity. More clinical studies are needed to evaluate the development of bubble hair deformity in ethnic hair.

Identification of the GAPDH gene family in Citrullus lanatus and functional characteristics of ClGAPC2 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Members of the GAPDH family play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in stress responses. Our aim was to identify stress resistance genes through systematic analysis of the GAPDH family in watermelon. This could not only provide genetic resources for stress resistance breeding, but also form a basis for the study of plant stress resistance mechanisms. Eight GAPDHs representing four types of plant GAPDH in watermelon were identified (ClGAPA/B, ClGAPC1-3, ClGAPCp1-2 and ClGAPN). A comprehensive analysis of physicochemical properties, chromosome distribution, evolutionary relationships, exon-intron structure and conserved motifs of watermelon GAPDHs was performed using bioinformatics. Expression characteristics were assessed by RT-qPCR. Based on RT-qPCR results, ClGAPC2 was screened as a candidate for subcellular localization analysis and functional verification in Arabidopsis thaliana. Eight GAPDHs were classified into four subfamilies. GAPDHs in each subgroup were generally conserved and shared similarities in structure and conserved motifs. ClGAPDHs had notable tissue specificity and different expression patterns in response to H₂ O₂ , chilling, salt, osmotic stress, heat, salicylic acid, gibberellin, brassinosterol, ethylene and abscisic acid treatments. Three ClGAPC genes, especially ClGAPC2, were markedly induced by several treatments. ClGAPC2 was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tabacum epidermal cells. The ClGAPC2 transgenic Arabidopsis showed enhanced tolerance to salinity at the germination stage. We suggest that ClGAPC2 plays important roles in the adaptation of watermelon to salinity. Our findings provided candidate genes for further improving the salt tolerance of watermelon.

[Association between blood pressure during 12-28 weeks gestation and pre-eclampsia: predictive value of blood pressure trajectories constructed by latent class growth modeling]

Objective: To explore the associations between blood pressure trajectories during pregnancy and risk of future pre-eclampsia in a large cohort enrolling pregnant women at gestational age of ~12 weeks from community hospitals in Tianjin. Latent class growth modeling (LCGM) was used to model the blood pressure trajectories. Methods: This was a large prospective cohort study. The study enrolled pregnant women of ~12 weeks of gestation in 19 community hospitals in Tianjin from November 1, 2016 to May 30, 2018. We obtained related information during 5 antepartum examinations before gestational week 28, i.e., week 12, week 16, week 20, week 24 and week 28. LCGM was used to model longitudinal systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) trajectories. For the association study, the predictors were set as SBP and DBP trajectory membership (built separately), the outcome was defined as the occurrence of preeclampsia after 28 weeks of gestation. Results: A total of 5 809 cases with known pregnant outcomes were documented. After excluding 249 cases per exclusion criteria, 5 560 cases with singleton pregnancy were included for final analysis. There were 128 cases preeclampsia and 106 cases gestational hypertension in this cohort. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression showed the higher baseline SBP level and DBP level were related with increased risk of preeclampsia. Four distinctive SBP trajectories and DBP trajectories from 12 weeks to 28 weeks of gestation were identified by LCGM. After controlling for potential confounders (baseline BMI, being primipara or not, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, platelet counts and alanine aminotransferase level), the OR for SBP latent classification trajectory_ 4 was 4.023 (95%CI: 2.368 to 6.835, P<0.001), and the OR for SBP latent classification trajectory_3 was 1.854 (95%CI: 1.223 to 2.811, P=0.004). Logistic regression showed that: using the DBP latent classification trajectory_1 as the reference group, the OR for DBP latent classification trajectory_4 was 4.100 (95%CI: 2.571 to 6.538, P<0.001), and 2.632 (95%CI: 1.570 to 4.414, P<0.001) for DBP latent classification trajectory_2. After controlling for potential confounders (baseline BMI, being primipara or not, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, platelet counts and alanine aminotransferase level), the OR for DBP_traj_4 was 2.527 (95%CI: 1.534 to 4.162, P<0.001), and the OR for DBP_traj_3 was 1.297 (95%CI: 0.790 to 2.128, P=0.303), and 2.238 (95%CI: 1.328 to 3.772, P=0.002) for DBP_traj_2. Therefore, BP trajectories from 12 weeks to 28 weeks identified by LCGM served as novel risk factors that independently associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed incremental diagnostic performance by combing baseline blood pressure levels with blood pressure trajectories. Conclusion: By applying LCGM, we for the first time identified distinctive BP trajectories from gestational week 12 to 28, which can independently predict the development of preeclampsia after 28 weeks of gestation.

Novel management of granuloma formation secondary to dermal filler: A multi-modality approach

BACKGROUND

Dermal fillers for soft tissue augmentation have become increasingly popular among patients of all ages and ethnicities. With more widespread use, there has been an increased incidence of adverse reactions, one of which is the granulomatous foreign body reaction (GFBR).

MATERIALS & METHODS

We present a three patient case series in which GFBR secondary to dermal filler was successfully treated with a multi-leveled approach. The first modality involves intralesional injection of a mixture containing 1 cc of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 0.5 cc of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 0.1 cc of triamcinolone 10. The lesion is injected intradermally in small aliquots, similar to scar treatment. The patient then takes colchicine 1.2 mg loading dose on day 1, then 0.6 mg twice per day for 4 days concurrently with naproxen 500 mg orally once daily for 5-7 days. This process may be repeated in 6 weeks if the lesions have not resolved and PDL laser may be employed for residual post-inflammatory erythema.

RESULTS

All three patients presented in this case series had significant aesthetic improvement in their dermal filler-derived foreign body granulomatous reactions.

CONCLUSION

GFBR provides both a medical and aesthetic issue for these patients including mental distress, pain, and dysfunction, therefore having an effective treatment for GFBR will affect medical management of these patients, improving patient outcomes and satisfaction. Our proposed regimen for GFBR has been shown to be highly efficacious and safe for these patients, providing a significant improvement in both function and cosmesis of the area.

[Association between weight gain during the first half of pregnancy and the risk of hypertension disorder of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study]

Objective: To explore the association between weight gain during the first half of pregnancy and the risk of hypertension disorder of pregnancy (HDP). Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited singleton pregnant women in the first trimester from November 2016 to March 2019 at 19 community hospitals in Tianjin. According to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), the cohort was divided into 3 groups: underweight(BMI<18.5 kg/m²), normal-weight(18.5-24.9 kg/m²), and overweight/obese(≥25.0 kg/m²). The basic information of the participants was gathered through questionnaires, and the height, weight, and blood pressure of the participants were measured along with routine pregnancy examinations. The rate of gestational weight gain (rGWG) in the 3 periods (0-13⁺⁶, 14⁺⁰-20⁺⁶, and 0-20⁺⁶ weeks) of the participants was calculated. To observe the occurrence of HDP, the participants were followed up to 42 days postpartum. Using a generalized linear model, the association between rGWG at the 3 periods during the first half of pregnancy and HDP after 20 weeks of gestation was evaluated. Results: A total of 9 805 pregnant women were finally included, with the age of (30.6±3.8) years old, 9 418 (96.1%) Han ethnicity, and 6 845 (69.8%) primipara. There were 1 184 (12.1%), 6 831 (69.7%) and 1 790 (18.3%) participants in the underweight, normal-weight, and overweight/obese groups. Five hundreds and eight pregnant women were diagnosed with HDP (5.2%). The incidences of HDP were 1.8% (21/1 184), 3.9% (269/6 831), and 12.2% (218/1 790), respectively, in underweight, normal-weight, and overweight/obese groups. Adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, primipara, and family history of hypertension, women in the entire cohort with rGWG ≥ 0.18 kg/week before 13⁺⁶ weeks of pregnancy had a 28% higher HDP risk than those with rGWG ≤ 0.00 kg/week (RR=1.28, 95%CI 1.04-1.55, P=0.015), and the risk of HDP was increased by 39% in the overweight/obese group (RR=1.39, 95%CI 1.04-1.85, P=0.026), while no correlation was found between rGWG and HDP in underweight and normal-weight pregnant women (P>0.05). Weight gain during 14⁺⁰-20⁺⁶ weeks of pregnancy in any group was not related to the risk of HDP (P>0.05).In the entire cohort, compared to rGWG ≤0.14 kg/week, rGWG≥0.28 kg/week prior to 20⁺⁶ weeks increased HDP risk by 36% (RR=1.36, 95%CI 1.11-1.67, P=0.003). Normal-weight pregnant women with rGWG≥0.29 kg/week faced a 46% higher risk of HDP than those with rGWG≤0.15 kg/week (RR=1.46, 95%CI 1.11-1.93, P=0.008).In the overweight/obese group, excessive weight gain before 20⁺⁶ weeks seemed to increased risk of HDP, but the difference was not statistically significant (RR=1.35,95%CI 0.99-1.85, P=0.059), while the connection was nonexistent in underweight women. Conclusions: Except for pre-pregnancy underweight women, excessive weight gain during the first half of pregnancy is associated with increased risk of HDP among pregnant women.

[Analysis of FBN1 genemutations in a pedigree with Marfan syndrome]

Mutations in fibrillin-1 (FBN1) were detected in an autosomal dominant Marfan syndrome (MFS) pedigree. The related phenotypes and the significance of mutation screening were discussed. Complete medical and cardiovascular examinations for all pedigree members were performed. Whole exons sequencing (WES) was used to sequence the DNA of the patients and their relatives. The potential pathogenic mutation sites were screened by bioinformatics method. Sanger sequencing was used to verify the mutation sites in the pedigree. The results showed that FBN1 missense mutation was c.6806 T>C in exon 56, resulting in isoleucine being replaced by threonine (p. Ile2269Thr). This mutation has not been reported in Chinese Han population. The occurrence of the mutations strongly correlated with the phenotypes of the patients. The results expand the mutation spectrum of FBN1, and it is helpful to further explore the molecular pathogenesis of MFS and MFS related diseases.

[Correlation analysis of clock genes and MEN2 medullary thyroid carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the correlation between CLOCK and BMAL1 genes and MEN2 medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Methods: Thirteen cases with MEN2 MTC and thirteen cases with non-MEN2 MTC were selected who were treated in the Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital between January 2013 and September 2021. Clinical indicators such as blood calcitonin level, tumor diameter and metastatic lymph node of patients were collected. The expression differences of CLOCK and BMAL1 between MEN2 MTC and para-carcinoma tissue as well as between MEN2 MTC and non-MEN2 MTC were detected by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The correlation between lymph node metastasis and CLOCK or BMAL1 expression was analyzed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis combined with qPCR and correlation analysis was used to explore the expression regulation relationship between RET and circadian clock genes. The rhythm disorder of MEN2 cells was verified by lipopolysaccharide cell stimulation experiment after dexamethasone rhythm synchronization. Results: MEN2 MTC exhibited typical RET gene mutation. The mean blood calcitonin level, the tumor diameter and the number of metastatic lymph nodes of patients with MEN2 MTC were higher than those of patients with non-MEN2 MTC (t value was 2.76, 2.53, 2.26, all P<0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression levels of CLOCK and BMAL1 in MEN2 MTC were higher than those in non-MEN2 MTC, while negatively expressed in para-cancerous thyroid follicle. qPCR displayed that the expression of CLOCK gene in cancer tissues was higher than that in non-MEN2 MTC and para-cancerous tissues (t value was 2.68 and 2.86, all P<0.05); the expression of BMAL1 gene in MEN2 MTC was higher than that in non-MEN2 MTC and para-cancerous tissues (t value was 2.21 and 2.35, all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of CLOCK and BMAL1 genes were positively correlated with the number of lymph node metastases in patients with MEN2 MTC (r=0.65, P<0.001; r=0.52, P=0.005). PPI network analysis indicated that the expression of CLOCK gene was positively correlated with the abnormal expression of RET gene (r=0.96, P<0.001). With lipopolysaccharide to stimulate cultured cells in vitro after dexamethasone rhythm synchronization, the expressions of CLOCK and BMAL1 in MEN2 MTC cells (0.47±0.22 and 2.60±1.48) at 12 hours of synchronization were significantly lower than those in para-cancerous tissues (1.70±1.62 and 8.23±2.52), the difference was statistically significant(t=5.04, P=0.007; t=3.34, P=0.029). Conclusion: CLOCK and BMAL1 are correlated with the occurrence and development of MEN2 MTC, and may be potential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies for MEN2 MTC.

[Association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the elderly population]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the elderly population. Methods: A total of 14 355 elderly persons aged ≥65 years, who participated in the annual physical examination in Kailuan Group in 2006 were included in this prospective cohort study. According to HDL-C level, the participants were divided into 4 groups: low-level group (HDL-C<1.30 mmol/L), intermediate-level group (1.30 mmol/L ≤HDL-C≤1.54 mmol/L), medium-high-level group (1.55 mmol/L ≤HDL-C≤1.80 mmol/L), high-level group (HDL-C≥1.81 mmol/L). Baseline data such as age, sex and blood lipid levels were collected and compared. Inpatient medical records and death information were obtained through the social security system, and CVD and all-cause mortality were analyzed. After adjusting for confounding factors, the medium-high-level group was used as the reference group. Cox proportional risk regression model was used to evaluate the impact of HDL-C on CVD and all-cause mortality events. The linear or nonlinear relationship between HDL-C level and CVD and all-cause mortality events was evaluated by restricted cubic spline regression model. Death competitive risk analysis was conducted, and sensitivity analysis was performed after excluding subjects with CVD or all-cause mortality within 1 year of follow-up and female participants. Results: The average age of this cohort was (71.5±5.5) years and follow-up time was (10.9±3.3) years. Compared with medium-high-level group, Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that the HR (95%CI) of CVD and all-cause mortality in low-level group were 1.21 (1.06-1.38) (P<0.05) and 1.02 (0.95-1.11) (P>0.05), respectively; the HR (95%CI) of CVD events in high-level group was 1.17 (1.03-1.33) (P<0.05), and there was a marginal significant association with all-cause mortality, the HR (95%CI) was 1.07 (1.00-1.16) (0.05<P<0.1). The restricted cubic spline regression analysis showed that HDL-C was nonlinearly correlated with CVD (nonlinear correlation P<0.1), and presented a U-shaped curve trend, while HDL-C was linearly correlated with all-cause mortality (nonlinear correlation P>0.1). Conclusions: In the elderly population, the risk of CVD is lowest when the HDL-C level is 1.55-1.80 mmol/L, either high or low HDL-C is a risk factor for CVD. High HDL-C tends to be related to increased risk of all-cause mortality and low HDL-C is not related to increased risk of all-cause mortality.

[Preparation and characterization of a recombinant poly-epitopic vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) against cystic echinococcosis based on the linker GSGGSG]

OBJECTIVE

To perform prokaryotic expression and preliminary characterization of the recombinant poly-epitope vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) against cystic echinococcosis.

METHODS

The recombinant poly-epitope vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) against Echinococcus granulosus based on the linker GSGGSG was subjected to structural three-dimensional (3D) modeling using immunoinformatics to analyze the structural changes and evaluate the antigenicity of the vaccine. The pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 (4) recombinant plasmid was generated using double digestion with EcoR I and Sal I, and then transformed into competent cells. Following protein induction with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), the prokaryotic expression proteins were characterized using Western blotting, and the antigenicity of the recombinant protein was analyzed using sera from cystic echinococcosis patients and health volunteers.

RESULTS

The four EgG1Y162-2 proteins coupled by the 3D structure of the recombinant vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) presented independent and effective expression and good antigenicity. The highest protein expression was detected in the supernatant following induction of the recombinant plasmid pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 (4) by 0.2 mmol/L IPTG at 37 °C for 4 h, and a pure protein component was seen following elution with 60 mmol/L imidazole. Western blotting analysis of the recombinant multiepitope protein HIS-EgG1Y162-2 (4) showed a band at approximately 39 kDa, and this band was recognized by sera from cystic echinococcosis patients.

CONCLUSIONS

A recombinant poly-epitope vaccine EgG1Y162-2 (4) against cystic echinococcosis has been successfully constructed, which provides a preliminary basis for researches on recombinant multi-epitope vaccine against cystic echinococcosis.

[Correlation of micropapillary patten, cribriform pattern and retraction clefting of endocervical adenocarcinoma with the Silva classification system and prognosis]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between micropapillary patten, cribriform pattern and retraction clefting of HPV associated endocervical adenocarcinoma and Silva classification and prognosis; and to validate the application and clinical significance of Silva system in endocervical adenocarcinoma. Methods: Cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma from January 2009 to November 2017 were selected from the Second Hospital of Jilin University and followed up. The morphologic characteristics of Silva classification, micropapillary patten, cribriform pattern and retraction clefting were observed and recorded. Inferential analysis was performed to compare clinicopathological variables data between pattern subgroups. Results: The study included 120 patients (ranging from 26 to 73 years) with an average age of (48.0±9.1)years. Silva A, B and C accounted for 9.2% (11/120), 18.3% (22/120) and 72.5% (87/120), respectively. Cases with micropapillary pattern accounted for 25.8%(31/120), of which six cases were Silva B and 25 cases were Silva C. Cases with cribriform pattern accounted for 53.3%(64/120), including three cases of Silva A, 17 cases of Silva B and 44 cases of Silva C. Retraction clefting occurred in 28.3%(34/120) cases, all were Silva C. The three morphologic features were associated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that micropapillary pattern was related to prognosis of endocervical carcinoma (P<0.05), while cribriform pattern, retraction clefting and Silva classification showed no correlation with overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusions: The suggestion is revising the Silva C criteria by adding papillary patten and retraction clefting as factors and expanding the Silva pattern system to include more histologic variants. The Silva system is helpful to select appropriate operation before surgery, but its prognostic value requires further evaluation.

[Mechanical ventilation strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome patients supported by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation]

The mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients is very high, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has been proved to improve the prognosis of these patients, but the maximization of this benefit relies on the appropriate mechanical ventilation strategy; with the new research evidence arise, scholars have reached a certain consensus on how to implement mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients supported by VV-ECMO, but there are still many controversies. Based on the evidences of current researches and clinical experiences, this article analyzes the hot issues of mechanical ventilation strategy for these patients, including the implementation of early 'overprotective' ventilation strategy, whether spontaneous breathing allowed, prone ventilation and ventilator weaning.

[Improving the vaccination rate of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-getting started with clinicians]

Infection of influenza virus or Streptococcus pneumoniae is the important causes of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and death, resulting in huge burden of medical costs. Although the guidelines at all levels generally recommend vaccination against influenza and pneumonia, the vaccination rate in China is not satisfactory. The main reasons include the limitations of economic, geographical and time constraints, as well as the influence of various socio-psychological factors and the fear of exacerbating the disease due to influenza vaccine and so on. We need start with clinicians, pay attention to the interaction of various influencing factors, to promote the integration of researchers in clinical medicine and preventive medicine, and make comprehensive consideration in the epidemic prevention strategy, which will help to adopt multi-mode methods to improve vaccination coverage and finally achieve a healthy life of patients with COPD.

[Perifosine inhibits biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by interacting with PqsE protein]

To explore the biofilm inhibitory efficacy of perifosine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginos) and its mechanisms. Twenty-fourwell plate was used to form biofilms at the bottom and crystal violet staining was used to determine the biofilm inhibitory effects of perifosine against P. aeruginosa, the wells without perifosine was set as control group. Glass tubes combined with crystal violet staining was used to detect the gas-liqud interface related bioiflm inhibitory effects of perifosine, the wells without perifosine was set as control group. Time-growth curved was used to detect the effects of perifosine on the bacteial planktonic cells growth of P. aeruginosa, the wells without perifosine was set as control group. The interaction model between perifosine and PqsE was assessed by molecular docking assay. The inhibitory effects of perifosine on the catalytic activity of PqsE was determined by detection the production of thiols, the wells without perifosine was set as control group. Binding affinity between perifosine and PqsE was detected by plasma surface resonance. The biofims at the bottom of the microplates and air-liquid interface were effectively inhibited by perifosine at the concentration of 4-8 μg/ml. There was no influence of perifosine on the cells growth of P. aeruginosa. The resuts of molecular docking assay indicates that perifosine could interacted with PqsE with the docking score of -10.67 kcal/mol. Perifosine could inhibit the catalytic activity of PqsE in a dose-dependent manner. The binding affinity between perifosine and PqsE was comfirmed by plasma surface resonance with KD of 6.65×10^-5mol/L. Perifosine could inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa by interacting with PqsE.

[A study on the correlation between occupational radiation exposure and risk of chronic metoblis disease]

Objective: To study the correlation between occupational radiation exposure and chronic metabolic diseases. Methods: The status of chronic metabolic diseases of medical workers were compared in 5 hospitals in Hangzhou. As representatives of chronic metabolic diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MS) were compared in association with duration of radiation exposure. Results: Long-term ionizing radiation (IR) exposure was led to increased blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG) , dyslipidemia, gallbladder disease, and MS. The years of radiation exposure was associated with lens opacity, gallstone and MS in men and gallbladder polyps in women. Radiation working more than 10 years is one of the independent risk factors for increased FBG and MS. Moreover, the risk of FBG increase in the group of radiation working more than 10 years was 3.052 times of that the non-exposed group, and the risk of MS occurrence was 4.132 times that of the non-exposed group. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to IR increases the risk of chronic metabolic diseases.

A combination of genome-wide association study and selection signature analysis dissects the genetic architecture underlying bone traits in chickens

The bones of chicken play an important role in supporting and protecting the body. The growth and development of bones have a substantial influence on the health and production performance in chickens. However, genetic architecture underlying chicken bone traits is not well understood. The objectives of this study are to dissect the genetic basis of bone traits in chickens and to identify valuable genes and genetic markers for chicken breeding. We performed a combination of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and selection signature analysis (fixation index values and nucleotide diversity ratios) in an F₂ crossbred experimental population with different genetic backgrounds (broiler × layer) to identify candidate genes and significant variants related to femur, shank, keel length, chest width, metatarsal claw weight, metatarsal length, and metatarsal circumference. A total of 545 individuals were genotyped based on the whole genome re-sequencing method (26 F₀ individuals were re-sequenced at 10 × coverage; 519 F₂ individuals were re-sequenced at 3 × coverage). A total of 2 028 112 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) remained to carry out analysis after quality control and imputation. The integration of GWAS and selection signature analysis indicated that all significant SNPs responsible for bone traits were mainly localized on chicken chromosomes 1, 4, and 27. Finally, we identified 21 positional candidate genes that might regulate chicken bone growth and development, including LRCH1, RB1, FNDC3A, MLNR, CAB39L, FOXO1, LHFP, TRPC4, POSTN, SMAD9, RBPJ, PPARGC1A, SLIT2, NCAPG, NKX3-2, CPZ, SPOP, NGFR, SOST, ZNF652, and HOXB3. Additionally, an array of uncharacterized genes was identified. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of the genetic architecture of chicken bone traits and offer a molecular basis for applying genomics in practical chicken breeding.

Mycobacterium abscessus infection in a patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and liver transplant

Rapidly growing mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium abscessus, have become a common cause of post-procedural infections and are notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat. Here, we report a 10-month-old male status post-orthotopic liver transplantation due to ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency who presented with a 4-month history of hypertrophic and friable granulation tissue of surgical wounds refractory to treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and surgical debridement. Skin biopsy and tissue culture yielded a diagnosis of M abscessus infection that demonstrated excellent clinical response to appropriate antibiotic and surgical treatment.

[Sepsis and acute kidney injury]

Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by infection, and kidney is one of the most organs susceptible to injury in sepsis. Critical ill patients with sepsis often suffer from acute kidney injury (AKI) of varying degrees with a high mortality. There are more and more researches on the early identification, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney injury in sepsis. In order to improve the understanding and reduce the mortality of acute kidney injury, this review briefly discussed the early identification, physio-pathologic mechanism, treatment, prognosis and follow up.

[In vitro studies on the transfer of CAR into leukemia cells due to their residue in the autologous CAR-T cell preparation system for acute B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and cytotoxicity in vitro of the residual leukemia cells in the culture system that caused the accidental transfer of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) into leukemia cells during the preparation of autologous CD19 CAR-T cells of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods: ①Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 30 patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic anemia (R/R B-ALL) who accepted CD19 CAR-T cell therapy and six healthy volunteers were collected. ②The residual leukemia cells were analyzed by flow cytometry in the system after the PBMCs of R/R B-ALL patients were sorted by CD3 magnetic beads. ③ CD3(+) T cells from patients and healthy volunteers were transfected with CD19 CAR and CD22 CAR lentivirus to prepare CD19 CAR-T and CD22 CAR-T cells. ④The Nalm-6 cell line was resuscitated and the Nalm-6 cells with CD19 CAR lentivirus were transfected to prepare CD19 CAR-Nalm-6 cells. The patient's primary ALL cells were transfected with CD19 CAR lentivirus at the same time. ⑤The transfection rates were analyzed by flow cytometer, the cell proliferation was analyzed by the CCK-8 method, and the cell-killing activities were detected by the lactate dehydrogenase method. Results: ① Among the 30 R/R B-ALL patients who received CD19 CAR-T cell therapy, two patients had 2.04% and 3.32% residual leukemia cells in CD3(+) T cells. After 4 days in culture, the residual leukemia cells disappeared and could not be detected by a flow cytometer with prolonged cultivation in vitro. ② The proliferation of CD19 CAR-Nalm-6 cells was higher than that of the Nalm-6 cells. ③ The killing activity of the CD19 CAR-T cells on Nalm-6 cells was higher than that of the CD19 CAR-Nalm6 cells at a target ratio of 1∶1 on 24, 48, 72 h, respectively. The cytotoxicity of CD22 CAR-T cells on CD19 CAR-Nalm-6 cells was significantly higher than that of CD19 CAR-T cells. ④ The cytotoxicity of CD22 CAR-T alone on CD19 CAR-Nalm-6 cells was higher than that of CD19 CAR-T combined with CD22 CAR-T at the same target ratio. Conclusion: The residual leukemia cells in the culture system in the preparation of CD19 CAR-T cells may lead to the introduction of CD19 CAR into leukemia cells and results in the failure of the CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Detecting the residual leukemia cells in the culture system via flow cytometry before transfection with CD19 CAR lentivirus is needed. Thus, CD22 CAR-T cell therapy could be used as one of the salvage treatments.

[Three-dimensional changes of oropharyngeal airway after orthodontic extraction treatment in skeletal class Ⅰ adolescents]

Objective: To explore the effect of extraction on upper airway in skeletal class Ⅰ adolescents. Methods: According to random number table method, 30 skeletal class Ⅰteenagers who underwent orthodontic straight wire treatment were selected randomly in Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University between January 2016 and December 2019. There were 13 males and 17 females, aged (13.7±1.5) years (12.2-15.7 years). In all patients, four first premolars were removed and the upper and lower anterior teeth were retracted under non-maximal anchorage (non-implant anchorage or face bow). The cone-beam CT (CBCT) data before and after orthodontic extraction treatments were studied. The three-dimensional model of the upper airway was reconstructed and segmented, and the relevant indexes of oropharyngeal volume and cross-sectional area were measured. Cephalograms was generated to measure tooth-jaw indexes and hyoid position. The changes of each index before and after orthodontic treatment were compared. The correlation between the changes in the volume or sectional area of the oropharyngeal airway and the changes in the dental and maxillary indexes and the hyoid position was tested. Results: Compared with those before treatment, palatopharyngeal volume, glossopharyngeal volume, oropharyngeal total volume, and minimum transection area increased by 632 (558) mm³, 758 (549) mm³, 1 454 (955) mm³ and 14 (29) mm² respectively, and statistically significant differences were found (P<0.05). The minimum oropharyngeal area was mostly located in the glossopharynx. The cross-sectional area and the maximum anterior-posterior diameter of uvula tip decreased by (4±10) mm² and (0.4±0.8) mm respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the maximum lateral diameter before and after treatment (P>0.05). The ratio of the maximum antero-posterior diameter to the maximum lateral diameter at the uvula tip decreased from 0.589 (0.034) before treatment to 0.535 (0.047) after treatment (P<0.05), indicating that its shape tends to be more elliptic after treatment. In addition, the change of cross-sectional area at the apex of uvula was positively correlated with the changes of mandibular central incisor lip inclination and the distances from the upper and lower central incisor points to the Frankfort plane perpendicular to the sella point (UI-FHp and LI-FHp) (P<0.05). Conclusions: The impact of orthodontic extraction treatment on oropharyngeal airway was generally small in skeletal class Ⅰ adolescents. However, it could change the shape of the airway to some extent. The change of airway cross-sectional area at the uvula tip was positively correlated with the retraction of anterior teeth.

US Dermatology Resident Responses about the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a Nationwide Survey

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed, at least temporarily, the face of medicine. Residency training across the United States in all specialties has undergone significant changes. This is particularly true for dermatology, a mostly outpatient specialty with a high emphasis on visual examinations and in-office procedures. This article provides an early insight into how dermatology residents across the nation are coping with these changes and gives these young physicians an opportunity to speak of their experiences.

Supplemental digital content is available in the text.

Objectives

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically changed resident training in the United States. Here, we explore the early perceived effects of COVID-19 on dermatology residents through an electronic sample survey and identify possible areas for targeted improvement in lieu of a possible second wave of COVID-19 cases.

Methods

On April 3, 2020, a survey of link with 25 questions was sent to dermatology program coordinators to be disseminated among dermatology residents in the United States. The survey was closed on April 13, 2020. All of the questions were optional and no personal identifiers were collected.

Results

A total of 140 dermatology residents from 50 different residency programs across 26 states responded to the survey. The majority of respondents (85%) reported negative effects of COVID-19 on their overall wellness. Despite the majority of residents (92%) speculating that COVID-19 will have negative long-term effects on the US economy, only 33% agreed or strongly agreed that it will affect their job prospects. Teledermatology was widely implemented following the declaration of a national emergency (96% of represented residencies compared with only 30% before the pandemic), with heavy resident involvement. The majority of residents (99%) reported having virtual didactics and that they found them to be beneficial. Most residents were uncomfortable with the prospect of being reassigned to a nondermatology specialty during the pandemic. In addition, 22% of residents believed that their leadership were not transparent and prompt in addressing changes relating to COVID-19.

Conclusions

Dermatology residents were affected negatively by COVID-19 in regard to their well-being, clinical training, and education. Several areas of improvement were identified that could improve our preparedness for a second wave of the virus.

[Maintenance therapy following CD19 CAR-T treatment for relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the maintenance therapy following an anti-CD19-CAR T-cell therapy for a B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient who relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and investigate the effect of donor stem cells and donor T lymphocyte infusion on the amplification of CD19 CAR-T cells. Methods: One refractory B-ALL patient relapsed after murine CD19 CAR-T cell therapy followed by a sibling allo-HSCT. He underwent a humanized CD19 CAR-T cell therapy followed by donor stem cell and donor T lymphocytes infusions as maintenance therapy in our hospital. The level of cytokines, the proportion of CD19 CAR-T cell, the level of CAR19 DNA expression in the peripheral blood, and the proportion of leukemia cells and donor chimerism in the bone marrow were detected. Correspondingly, T lymphocytes from the C57 spleen were separated to modify the CD19 CAR lentivirus and refused into C57 mice, and after 14 days, the B lymphocytes from C57 mice were separated and refused into the same C57 mice. The CD19 CAR T cells, B cells, and CD19 CAR gene counts in the peripheral blood were evaluated at different time points. Results: ①The patient achieved a complete response (CR) 14 days after a humanized CD19 CAR-T therapy with grade 1 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and restored a donor chimerism to 99.76%. ② Following the remission from humanized CD19 CAR-T therapy, the patient received a maintenance therapy of donor stem cell infusion. Mild graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) manifested 24 days after infusion with an increased proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and an increased level of CAR19 DNA expression in the peripheral blood. It fell with the remission of GVHD. The patient maintained CR and 99.69% donor chimerism during this period. ③ Throughout the subsequent donor T lymphocytes maintenance therapy, mild GVHD surfaced12 days after infusion without an increased proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and an increased level of CAR19 DNA expression in the peripheral blood. The patient maintained CR and 99.87% donor chimerism during this period. ④ In vivo experiments on C57 mice confirmed that the proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and the level of CAR19 DNA expression were upregulated in mice following CAR-T cell infusion, accompanied by depletion of CD19(+) B lymphocyte. After infusion of CD19(+) B lymphocyte cells, an increased proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and an increased level of CAR19 DNA expression in the peripheral blood were observed again. Conclusions: The infusion of donor stem cells and donor T lymphocytes could be used as a maintenance treatment after CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for B-ALL patients who relapsed after allo-HSCT. Infusion of donor stem cells induced an increased proportion of CD19 CAR-T cells and an increased level of CAR19 DNA expression with the occurrence of GVHD. It might lead to further elimination of minimal residual disease.

[Analysis of incidence and risk factors of neonatal ventilator associated pneumonia in a hospital in Hunan Province, 2016-2018]

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of VAP. Methods: A total of 1 872 neonates, who were admitted into NICU of Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital and subjected to mechanical ventilation from October 2016 to June 2018, were enrolled in the study. The neonates who met the diagnostic criteria of VAP were selected as the case group, and those who were treated with ventilator for 48 hours at the same time were regarded as the control group. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of VAP. Results: Of the 1 872 neonates who underwent the mechanical ventilation, the VAP occurred in 160 cases with the incidence rate of 8.5% (160 cases). The 227 specimens were collected. Gram-positive bacteria (n=116, 51.1%) were the main pathogens. The main pathogens were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii. By Chi-square test, birth weight, birth age, Apgar score, duration of ventilator, and whether newborn mothers with pregnancy hypertension were influencing factors. The result of logistic regression analysis showed that compared with no pregnancy included hypertension, the first aid measure at birth was initial resuscitation, and the MV time ≤ 5 days, the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonates included: their mothers with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy, using of tracheal intubation and ventilator time more than 5 days. Conclusion: The incidence of VAP in neonates receiving continuous MV therapy in neonatal intensive care unit is higher. Gram-positive bacteria are the main pathogens. VAP in neonates is related to whether newborn mothers with pregnancy hypertension, MV duration and tracheal intubation.

Polymyxin B-induced skin hyperpigmentation

Polymyxin B (PMB) is a potent antibiotic targeting gram-negative bacteria and is associated with serious side effects including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and hypersensitivity reactions. PMB is a therapeutic option for the management of infections caused by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and used in combination with other antibiotics when options are limited. We describe the case of a 30-year-old female patient with a complex medical history who underwent a multi-visceral transplantation complicated by intra-abdominal infections. Subsequently, patient developed diffuse skin darkening after initiation of intravenous PMB for treatment of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Her skin hyperpigmentation was most prominent on her face and forearms. Hyperpigmentation peaked at around 2 weeks following PMB initiation and was discontinued after 3 weeks when the possibility of PMB hyperpigmentation was raised and other causes were ruled out. Skin biopsy showed hypermelanosis of the basal layer and melanin deposition in the dermis. Overall clinical picture was consistent with PMB-induced hyperpigmentation. The patient demonstrated some improvement in discoloration within 4 weeks of PMB discontinuation.

[Radiation dose and image quality of noncontrast chest CT in domestic and imported main stream manufacturers]

Objective: To compare the radiation dose and image quality of noncontrast chest CT and detection of ground-glass opacity pulmonary nodules (GGN) in domestic 128-slice spiral CT with the other CT scanners from three main stream manufacturers. Methods: From May 8, 2018 to October 31, 2018, noncontrast chest CT images from Neusoft 128-slice CT (75 males, 25 females, (42±16) years), dual-source 64-slice CT (53 males, 47 females, (50±16) years) and dual-source 128-slice CT scanners(69 males, 31 females, (62±17) years), Toshiba 128-slice CT (51 males, 49 females, (58±13) years) and GE 128-slice CT scanner (55 males, 45 females, (60±10) years) were collected in Eastern Theater Command and Tianjin People's Hospital. Radiation dose and image quality were evaluated.GGN detected both in Neusoft CT and dual-source CT scanners were used to analyze the displaying ability of lesions. Results: The noise in lung window of Neusoft CT ((37.8±4.9) HU) was higher than that of other mainstream CT scanners, and the noise in mediastinal window ((8.4±1.9) HU) was lower than that of GE 128-slice CT ((9.8±3.2) HU), but higher than that of dual-source CT and Toshiba 128-slice CT ((6.9±3.5)HU) (P<0.05). The absolute value of lung SNR in Neusoft CT was lower than that of other mainstream CT scanners, and the SNR in aorta (4.6±1.3) was lower than those of dual-source CT and Toshiba 128-slice CT(6.8±2.2) (P<0.05), but was not statistically significant compared with GE 128-slice CT (5.0±1.7). The mean CT value of upper lung ((-863±31) HU) at Neusoft CT was higher than 128-row dual-source CT ((-869±35) HU), and the mean CT value of aorta ((37±7) HU) was lower than that of Toshiba 128-slice CT((42±7) HU) and GE 128-slice CT ((45±9) HU) (P<0.05), while the mean CT values of the remaining lung and aorta were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The two readers had good to excellent consistency for image quality in five scanners (the highest kappa value=0.984). The delineation ability of Neusoft CT for GGN boundary was lower than that of dual-source CT (P<0.05), but had similar abilities to display the solid components, lobulation, burring, vacuoles, vascular bundle sign and pleural depression sign of GGN (all P>0.05). Radiation dose of Neusoft CT was lower than Toshiba 128-slice CT, but higher than dual-source 64-sliceCT and GE 128-slice CT scanners (P<0.05). Conclusions: With lower radiation dose than Toshiba 128-slice CT, Neusoft CT chest examination can meet the requirements of clinical diagnosis, but higher radiation dose and the lower image quality than dual-source CT and GE 128-slice CT shown in this study indicate further improvement is needed in terms of software and hardware.

Analysis on safety assessment of Tephrosia vogelii Hook to Apis cerana cerana

Tephrosia vogelii Hook was excellent insecticidal plant, it was introduced into China and planted over a large area in Guangdong province. The main active components of T. vogelii was rotenone and it widely found in leaves and pods of T. vogelii. This paper study of the safety assessment of T. vogelii flowers to worker bees. In this paper, the content of rotenone in T. vogelii petal, nectar, pollen, pistil, and stamen samples were investigated by HPLC, and tested the toxicity of T. vogelii flowers for Apis cerana cerana during 24 h. The dissipation and dynamic of rotenone in A. c. cerana different biological compartments were investigated under indoor conditions during 24 h. The results showed, The LT₅₀ of T. vogelii flowers to worker bees were collected from the eastern, western, southern, northern and top were 13.95, 24.17, 12.55, 26.48, and 18.84 h, the haemolymph of worker bees have the highest content of rotenone, the least accumulation of rotenone in workers bee's thorax, and the rate of dissipation was slowly during the whole study. In conclusion, the results showed the T. vogelii create security risks to worker bees under some ecosystems.

[PD-1 expression, mRNA level and cytotoxicity changes in CD19CAR-T cells]

目的

探讨CD19 CAR-T细胞培养过程中其PD-1蛋白、mRNA水平及细胞杀伤活性变化。

方法

收集6例外周血PD-1高表达恶性淋巴瘤患者、6例健康志愿者的外周血T细胞，作为CAR-T培养的T细胞来源。流式细胞术检测PD-1蛋白表达、PCR法检测PD-1 mRNA水平，CCK-8法检测细胞增殖，LDH法检测细胞杀伤活性。

结果

①PD-1高表达患者T细胞来源CD19 CAR-T细胞，与志愿者T细胞来源者相比，转染率无差异（P>0.05）；②PD-1高表达T细胞来源CAR-T细胞与PD-1抑制剂联合与否，以及健康志愿者CAR-T之间，细胞增殖差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；③PD-1高表达T细胞与CAR-T细胞对淋巴瘤细胞株杀伤活性，低于二者联合PD-1抑制剂及志愿者CAR-T细胞（P<0.001），而PD-1高表达T细胞来源CAR-T细胞联合PD-1抑制剂与健康志愿者CAR-T细胞间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；④各组细胞培养过程中PD-1表达均下降，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但各组细胞培养过程中，PD-1 mRNA的变化差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；⑤PD-1高表达T细胞来源CAR-T收获后，与PD-1抑制剂共培养与否，其PD-1表达差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但CAR-T与淋巴瘤细胞株接触后，其PD-1表达随培养时间延长而增高，加入PD-1抑制剂可拮抗该作用；各组间PD-1 mRNA的变化差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

结论

PD-1高表达T细胞来源CAR-T细胞与肿瘤细胞接触后，其PD-1表达随培养时间延长而增高；而包括PD-1抑制剂在内，不能改变其PD-1 mRNA的表达。

[Idiopathic pleuroparenehymal fibroelastosis: report of one case and review of literature]

Objective: To analyze the clinical,imaging and pathological features of Pleuroparenehymal fibroelastosis (PPFE). Methods: The clinieal data of a patient diagnosed as PPFE admitted in department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Beijing Hospital in April 2017 were reported and the related literatures were reviewed.With "pleuroparenehymal fibroelastosis" as the search terms, and the search time before October 1st 2017 for Wanfangdata, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), and PubMed. Results: The patient was a 46-year-old male presented with cough, shortness of breath after exercise.A CT scan of the chest revealed bilateral, irregular pleural thickening with upper lobe predominance.After 3 years of antituberculosis treatment,the disease progressed. A diagnosis of pleuroparenehymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) was confirmed by CT guided lung biopsy. A total of 132 cases were reported (including 1 case in Chinese). 88 of them were confirmed by pathology with detailed data.Clinical data of 89 reported cases with PPFE including 48 males and 41 females aged 13 to 85 years were enrolled and analyzed in the study.The common symptoms were dyspnea(62%, 55 cases),cough(58%, 52 cases),recurrent respiratory tract infection(17%, 15 cases).The main CT features are reported:pleural thickening(87%,77 cases), recurrent pneumothorax(52%,46 cases), traction bronchiectasis(30%, 27 cases),subpleural comsolidation(20%, 18 cases). All patients were proven PPFE by biopsy.34 cases received corticosteroid, 5 cases received lung transplant operation.40 cases died during the follow-up from 4 month to 84 month. Conclusions: Pleuroparenehymal fibroelastosis is a rare disease.The imaging findings were dominated by both upper lobes. Lung biopsy might be necessary. PPFE is often misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis/obsolete pulmonary tuberculosis,asbestosis,connective tissues disease and Drug-induced pneumonitis.There was no consensus on the treatment.