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Ma Q, Chen F, Liu Y, Wu K, Bu Z, Qiu C, Neamati N, Lu T. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals Guizhi-Fuling Wan inhibiting STAT3-EMT in ovarian cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116016. [PMID: 38128180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Frequent peritoneal dissemination is the main cause of low survival rate. Guizhi-Fuling Wan (GZFL) is a classical traditional Chinese herbal formula that has been clinically used for treating ovarian cancer with good outcome. However, its therapeutic mechanism for treating OC has not been clearly elucidated. PURPOSE We aim to elucidate the potential mechanisms of GZFL in treating OC with a focus on STAT3 signaling pathway. METHODS In vivo efficacy of GZFL was assessed using an OC xenograft mouse model. Proteomics analysis in OC cells and RNA-seq analysis in mice tumors were performed to fully capture the translational and transcriptional signature of GZFL. Effects of GZFL on proliferation, spheroid formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed using wildtype and STAT3 knockout OC cells in vitro. STAT3 activation and transcription activity, hypoxia and EMT-related protein expression were assessed to validate the biological activity of GZFL. RESULTS GZFL suppresses tumor growth with a safety profile in mice, while prevents cell growth, spheroid formation and accumulates ROS in a STAT3-dependent manner in vitro. GZFL transcriptionally and translationally affects genes involved in inflammatory signaling, EMT, cell migration, and cellular hypoxic stress response. In depth molecular study confirmed that GZFL-induced cytotoxicity and EMT suppression in OC cells are directly corelated to inhibition of STAT3 activation and transcription activity. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence that GZFL inhibits OC progression through suppressing STAT3-EMT signaling. These results will further support its potential clinical use in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Bu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chentao Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Tiangong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Yin F, Hu Y, Bu Z, Liu Y, Zhang H, Hu Y, Xue Y, Li S, Tan C, Chen X, Li L, Zhou R, Huang Q. Genome-wide identification of genes critical for in vivo fitness of multi-drug resistant porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli by transposon-directed insertion site sequencing using a mouse infection model. Virulence 2023; 14:2158708. [PMID: 36537189 PMCID: PMC9828833 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2158708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen. Recently, ExPEC has been reported to be an emerging problem in pig farming. However, the mechanism of pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC remains to be revealed. In this study, we constructed a transposon (Tn) mutagenesis library covering Tn insertion in over 72% of the chromosome-encoded genes of a virulent and multi-drug resistant porcine ExPEC strain PCN033. By using a mouse infection model, a transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) assay was performed to identify in vivo fitness factors. By comparing the Tn insertion frequencies between the input Tn library and the recovered library from different organs, 64 genes were identified to be involved in fitness during systemic infection. 15 genes were selected and individual gene deletion mutants were constructed. The in vivo fitness was evaluated by using a competitive infection assay. Among them, ΔfimG was significantly outcompeted by the WT strain in vivo and showed defective adhesion to host cells. rfa which was involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was shown to be critical for in vivo fitness which may have resulted from its role in the resistance to serum killing. In addition, several metabolic genes including fepB, sdhC, fepG, gltS, dcuA, ccmH, ddpD, narU, glpD, malM, and yabL and two regulatory genes metJ and baeS were shown as important determinants of in vivo fitness of porcine ExPEC. Collectively, this study performed a genome-wide screening for in vivo fitness factors which will be important for understanding the pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China,The HZAU-HVSEN Institute, Wuhan, China,CONTACT Rui Zhou
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China,Qi Huang
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3
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Chang C, Bu Z, Long Q. CEDAR: communication efficient distributed analysis for regressions. Biometrics 2023; 79:2357-2369. [PMID: 36305019 PMCID: PMC10133408 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Electronic health records (EHRs) offer great promises for advancing precision medicine and, at the same time, present significant analytical challenges. Particularly, it is often the case that patient-level data in EHRs cannot be shared across institutions (data sources) due to government regulations and/or institutional policies. As a result, there are growing interests about distributed learning over multiple EHRs databases without sharing patient-level data. To tackle such challenges, we propose a novel communication efficient method that aggregates the optimal estimates of external sites, by turning the problem into a missing data problem. In addition, we propose incorporating posterior samples of remote sites, which can provide partial information on the missing quantities and improve efficiency of parameter estimates while having the differential privacy property and thus reducing the risk of information leaking. The proposed approach, without sharing the raw patient level data, allows for proper statistical inference. We provide theoretical investigation for the asymptotic properties of the proposed method for statistical inference as well as differential privacy, and evaluate its performance in simulations and real data analyses in comparison with several recently developed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Chang
- University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Z. Bu
- University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Q. Long
- University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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4
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Dai N, Li J, Ren L, Bu Z. Gender representation on editorial boards of leading oncology journals. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100590. [PMID: 36174363 PMCID: PMC9588884 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has historically been women underrepresentation on editorial boards of peer-reviewed medical journals. High-ranked oncology journals showcase cancer-related scientific work at the forefront of the discipline. There is urgent need to investigate gender representation on editorial boards at leading oncology journals. Materials and methods Sixty high-ranked oncology journals based on impact factor calculated by the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2021 from Web of Science/Clarivate Analytics were identified. Gender-related information of editorial boards was obtained from each journal’s website. The gender of each member of the editorial team was confirmed by an internet search for picture and/or gender-specific pronoun from journal or personal profile. Fisher’s exact tests and analysis of variance were used to analyze categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Among 4898 members on editorial boards of top oncology journals with the highest impact factor, 1177 were women. Women made up 24% (1177 of 4898) of members on editorial boards in top oncology journals, and there was significantly less women board members than men (P < 0.0001). The mean female composition of editorial boards of oncology journals was 27% (range from 4% to 100%). Among 71 editors-in-chief of the top oncology journals, 14 (20%) were women. There was a positive correlation between the presence of women in journal editorial leadership and the percentage of women on editorial boards (rs = 0.340, P = 0.008). The underrepresentation of women on oncology journal editorial boards was significantly different among quartiles of journal impact factor. There was no significant correlation between women’s representation on journal editorial boards (%) and journal impact factors (rs = 0.226, P = 0.086). Conclusions The results demonstrated that there are gender disparities among editorial leadership at high-impact oncology journals. There are cultural and structural barriers and prejudices to gender parity and diversity on editorial boards of oncology journals. The representation of women on editorial boards of oncology journals has not been verified. This large-scale study found that women comprised only 24% of editorial boards of top-ranked oncology journals. The results demonstrated that there are gender disparities among editorial leadership at leading oncology journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dai
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China.
| | - J Li
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - L Ren
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Z Bu
- Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Cancer Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Beijing, China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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5
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Li W, Yin F, Bu Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Li S, Li L, Zhou R, Huang Q. An Engineered Outer Membrane-Defective Escherichia coli Secreting Protective Antigens against Streptococcus suis via the Twin-Arginine Translocation Pathway as a Vaccine. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:278-286. [PMID: 35283432 PMCID: PMC9628857 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2107.07052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Live bacterial vector vaccines are one of the most promising vaccine types and have the advantages of low cost, flexibility, and good safety. Meanwhile, protein secretion systems have been reported as useful tools to facilitate the release of heterologous antigen proteins from bacterial vectors. The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system is an important protein export system that transports fully folded proteins in a signal peptide-dependent manner. In this study, we constructed a live vector vaccine using an engineered commensal Escherichia coli strain in which amiA and amiC genes were deleted, resulting in a leaky outer membrane that allows the release of periplasmic proteins to the extracellular environment. The protective antigen proteins SLY, enolase, and Sbp against Streptococcus suis were targeted to the Tat pathway by fusing a Tat signal peptide. Our results showed that by exploiting the Tat pathway and the outer membrane-defective E. coli strain, the antigen proteins were successfully secreted. The strains secreting the antigen proteins were used to vaccinate mice. After S. suis challenge, the vaccinated group showed significantly higher survival and milder clinical symptoms compared with the vector group. Further analysis showed that the mice in the vaccinated group had lower burdens of bacteria load and slighter pathological changes. Our study reports a novel live bacterial vector vaccine that uses the Tat system and provides a new alternative for developing S. suis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-27-87281878 Fax: + 86-27-8728 2608 E-mail:
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6
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Fakri FZ, Bamouh Z, Elmejdoub S, Elkarhat Z, Tadlaoui K, Chen W, Bu Z, Elharrak M. Long term immunity against Peste Des Petits Ruminants mediated by a recombinant Newcastle disease virus vaccine. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109201. [PMID: 34399299 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of sheep and goats. Conventional live vaccines have been successfully used in endemic countries however, there are not completely safe and not allowing differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA). In this study, a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the hemagglutinin of PPRV (NDV-PPRVH) was evaluated on small ruminants by serology response in sheep and goats, experimental infection in goats and immunity duration in sheep. The NDV-PPRVH vaccine injected twice at 28 days' interval, provided full protection against challenge with a virulent PPR strain in the most sensitive species and induced significant neutralizing antibodies. Immunological response in goats was slightly higher than sheep and the vaccine injected at 108.0 50 % egg infective dose/mL allowed anti-PPRV antibodies that lasted at least 12 months as shown by antibody response monitoring in sheep. The NDV vector presented a limited replication in the host and vaccinated animals remained negative when tested by cELISA based on PPRV nucleoprotein allowing DIVA. This recombinant vaccine appears to be a promising candidate in a free at risk countries and may be an important component of the global strategy for PPR eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Fakri
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - Z Bamouh
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - S Elmejdoub
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - Z Elkarhat
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - K Tadlaoui
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
| | - W Chen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Z Bu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture and State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - M Elharrak
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco.
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Wan XP, Xie P, Bu Z, Zou XT, Gong DQ. Prolactin induces lipid synthesis of organ-cultured pigeon crops. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1842-1853. [PMID: 30590797 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to examine the effects of prolactin (PRL) on the lipid synthesis of organ-cultured pigeon crops in vitro. In experiment 1, the histology, activities of enzymes, and expression of genes involved in metabolism and apoptosis of organ-cultured pigeon crops were analyzed over a 7-d culture period. The results showed that cultured crops maintained their structural integrity for up to 3 d in vitro. Beyond 3 d, caspase-3 activity and Bak1 gene expression increased with day of culture, whereas the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, total ATPase, and gene expression of Bcl-2 and CK-19 diminished (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, the crops were cultured for 24, 36, and 48 h in medium containing 0, 25, or 50 ng/mL PRL, respectively, and the accumulation of lipid droplets, lipid content, and expression of fatty acid transportation- and lipogenesis-related genes were analyzed. The results showed that the crops with PRL supplements showed higher amounts of lipid droplets than those of the controls, and the droplets were mainly located in the basal nutritive layer in response to PRL. The efficacy of inducing lipid accumulation increased as the concentration of PRL increased. Crops with 50 ng/mL PRL incubated for 36 h displayed the maximal lipid content. Increasing the concentration of PRL from 0 to 50 ng/mL resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid translocase, fatty acid binding protein 5, acyl-CoA binding protein, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ genes after incubation for 36 h (P < 0.05). Therefore, our results indicated that the organ-cultured pigeon crops maintained good viability for up to 3 d in vitro. Furthermore, PRL induced the lipid synthesis of organ-cultured pigeon crops in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was related to the increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid transportation and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - P Xie
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Z Bu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - X T Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D Q Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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8
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Xie P, Wan XP, Bu Z, Diao EJ, Gong DQ, Zou XT. Changes in hormone profiles, growth factors, and mRNA expression of the related receptors in crop tissue, relative organ weight, and serum biochemical parameters in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during incubation and chick-rearing periods under artificial farming conditions. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2189-2202. [PMID: 29554306 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the changes in concentrations of hormones and growth factors and their related receptor gene expressions in crop tissue, relative organ weight, and serum biochemical parameters in male and female pigeons during incubation and chick-rearing periods under artificial farming conditions. Seventy-eight pairs of 60-week-old White King pigeons with 2 fertile eggs per pair were randomly divided into 13 groups by different breeding stages. Serum prolactin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations in crop tissue homogenates were the highest in both male and female pigeons at 1 d of chick-rearing (R1), while epidermal growth factor (EGF) in female pigeons peaked at d 17 of incubation (I17) (P < 0.05). mRNA expression of the prolactin and EGF receptors in the crop tissue increased at the end of incubation and the early chick-rearing stage in both sexes. However, estrogen, progesterone, and growth hormone receptor expression each decreased during the early chick-rearing stage (P < 0.05). In male pigeons, IGF-1 receptor gene expression reached its peak at R7, while in female pigeons, it increased at the end of incubation. The relative weight of breast and abdominal fat in both sexes and thighs in the males was lowest at R7, and then gradually increased to the incubation period level. Serum total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations increased to the highest levels at I17 (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein reached their highest values at I17 in male pigeons and R25 in female pigeons (P < 0.05). In conclusion, hormones, growth factors, and their receptors potentially underlie pigeon crop tissue development. Changes in organs and serum biochemical profiles suggested their different breeding-cycle patterns with sexual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Xie
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - X P Wan
- Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Z Bu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - E J Diao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - D Q Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - X T Zou
- Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Fakri F, Bamouh Z, Ghzal F, Baha W, Tadlaoui K, Fihri OF, Chen W, Bu Z, Elharrak M. Comparative evaluation of three capripoxvirus-vectored peste des petits ruminants vaccines. Virology 2018; 514:211-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Wan XP, Xie P, Bu Z, Zou XT. Changes in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism-related parameters in domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e558-e568. [PMID: 29024108 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism-related parameters of adult male and female White King pigeons (Columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing. At day 4 (I4), 10 (I10) and 17 (I17) of incubation and day 1 (R1), 7 (R7), 15 (R15) and 25 (R25) of chick rearing, livers were sampled from six pigeons for each sex. Glycogen and fat contents, activities of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, HK; 6-phosphofructokinase, 6-PFK), and genes expressions of key enzymes involved in glycolysis (pyruvate kinase, PK; glucokinase, GK), gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase cytosolic, PCK1; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, FBP1; glucose-6-phosphatase, G6Pase), fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthase, FAS; acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC) and fatty acid β-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1; acyl-CoA 1, ACO) were measured. In male and female pigeon livers, glycogen content and HK activity dramatically increased after I17 and after R1, respectively; expressions of FBP1 and G6Pase genes were maximized at R15; activity of 6-PFK and expressions of PK and CPT1 genes were highest at R7; fat content and expressions of FAS and ACC genes steeply increased from I10 to R1. In females, hepatic expressions of GK and PCK1 genes were greatest at R7 and I17, respectively; however, in males, both of them were maximized at R15. Hepatic expression of ACO gene was significantly enhanced at R1 compared to I17 and R7 in males, whereas it was notably up-regulated at I17 and R7 in females. Furthermore, expressions of PCK1, GK, FAS and ACC genes were in significant relation to fat content in the livers of female pigeons, while fat content in male pigeons was highly correlated with expression of PCK1, ACC, CPT1 and ACO genes. In conclusion, regulations of glucose and lipid metabolic processes were enhanced in parent pigeon livers from terminal phases of incubation to mid phase of chick rearing with sexual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Wan
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - P Xie
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Z Bu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, China
| | - X T Zou
- Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Xie P, Wan XP, Bu Z, Zou XT. Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of ghrelin and cholecystokinin in the pigeon (Columba livia). Poult Sci 2016; 95:2655-2666. [PMID: 27466433 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are multifunctional peptides. In the current study, complete sequences of ghrelin (800 bp) and CCK (739 bp) were firstly cloned in Columba livia by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The open reading frames of ghrelin (351bp) and CCK (393bp) encoded 116 amino acids and 130 amino acids, respectively. Sequence comparison indicated that pigeon ghrelin and CCK shared high identity with those reported in other avian species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis found that ghrelin and CCK mRNAs expressed in three intestinal segments of pigeon during development. Both ghrelin and CCK showed generally higher expressions at days posthatch than embryonic periods regardless of intestinal segments. In duodenum and ileum, the expressions of ghrelin and CCK mRNA reached the peak values at 8 d posthatch. Jejunum CCK mRNA level increased linearly after hatching, and reached the highest point at posthatch 28 d. Based on documented effects of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) on pigeon ghrelin and CCK expression were also investigated in vitro. Higher concentrations (50 μM or 250 μM) of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid or arachidonic acid can significantly increase ghrelin mRNA level in pigeon jejunum. However, for oleic acid, the induction of ghrelin gene expressions needed a lower concentration (5 μM). 5 μM of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid or arachidonic acid and 250 μM palmitic acid repressed CCK expression significantly. A higher concentration (250 μM) of oleic acid or α-linolenic acid can up-regulate CCK mRNA level significantly. Our results indicated that ghrelin and CCK may act key functions in pigeon intestine development and their expressions could be regulated by LCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Xie
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - X P Wan
- Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Z Bu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
| | - X T Zou
- Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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12
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Xie P, Jiang XY, Bu Z, Fu SY, Zhang SY, Tang QP. Free choice feeding of whole grains in meat-type pigeons: 1. effect on performance, carcass traits and organ development. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:699-706. [PMID: 27352009 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1206191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 5 different feeding systems on the performance, carcass traits and organ development were studied in pigeon squabs. The 5 treatments were (1) whole grains of maize, pea and wheat plus concentrate feed; (2)whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed (CWC); (3) whole grains of maize and pea plus concentrate feed; (4)whole grain of maize plus concentrate feed (CC); and (5) compound feed (CF). Feed intake of parent pigeons increased significantly from 0 to 21 d and it was higher in the CF treatment. Body weight of squabs in the CWC treatment was the highest among the 5 treatments in 4 weeks. Body weight losses of parental pigeons during the rearing period were not significantly different among the 5 treatments. Protein intake in CC and CWC treatments was lower than that of the other three treatments. The CWC treatment had the highest daily weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio. Treatments were statistically similar in the relative weight of carcass, breast and thigh. CF had the lower relative weight of abdominal fat. Relative weight of gizzard in the CF treatment was significantly lower than that of CWC. It was concluded that the application of free choice feeding of whole grains of maize and wheat plus concentrate feed increased the body weight of 28-d-old pigeon squabs and decreased the feed conversion rate of parent pigeons. This feeding strategy could be commercially interesting in meat-type pigeon production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Xie
- a Poultry Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Yangzhou , China
| | - X-Y Jiang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Z Bu
- a Poultry Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Yangzhou , China
| | - S-Y Fu
- a Poultry Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Yangzhou , China
| | - S-Y Zhang
- b College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Q-P Tang
- a Poultry Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Yangzhou , China
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13
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Bu Z, Hu L, Sun Y. The impact of serum vitamin D level on in vitro fertilization outcome: a prospective observational study. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Yuan P, Wu A, Li Z, Tang L, Bu Z, Ren H, Ji J. 208P Neoadjuvant capecitabine plus paclitaxel in gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis: an open-label, uncontrolled, prospective phase II clinical study. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv523.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Peng L, Bu Z, Ye X, Zhou Y, Zhao Q. Incidence and risk of peripheral neuropathy with nab-paclitaxel in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2015; 26. [PMID: 26537178 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nab-paclitaxel, a Cremophor EL-free formulation of paclitaxel, is used to treat various malignancies. Peripheral neuropathy is one of its major toxicities, although the overall incidence remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to calculate the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients treated with nab-paclitaxel and to compare the relative risk (RR) with conventional taxanes. The electronic databases were searched for relevant clinical trials. Eligible studies included phase II and III prospective clinical trials of cancer patients treated with nab-paclitaxel with toxicity profile on peripheral neuropathy. Statistical analyses were done to calculate summary incidences, RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using fixed-effects or random-effects models based on the heterogeneity of the included studies. Nineteen trials were selected for the meta-analysis, yielding a total of 2878 cancer patients. The overall incidences of peripheral neuropathy (all-grade) was 51.0% (95% CI: 45.1-57.6%), and that of high-grade peripheral neuropathy was 12.4% (9.8-15.7%). The RRs of peripheral neuropathy of nab-paclitaxel compared to taxanes were not increased for all-grade and high-grade peripheral neuropathy. Nab-paclitaxel is associated with an increased risk of developing peripheral neuropathy. Future clinical studies are still needed to investigate the risk reduction and possible use of nab-paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Bu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - X Ye
- Department of Radiation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Zhejiang Food and Drug Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bu Z, Xie P, Fu S, Tong H, Dai X. Effect of energy and protein levels on performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility of laying pigeons. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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17
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Bu Z, Guo Y, Su Y, Zhai J, Sun Y. Thin endometrial thickness adversely affects pregnancy rate in patients with different ovarian response undergoing in vitro fertilizatioin (IVF): an analysis of 10,406 transfer cycles. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Laksanalamai P, Jiemjit A, Bu Z, Maeder DL, Robb FT. Multi-subunit assembly of the Pyrococcus furiosus small heat shock protein is essential for cellular protection at high temperature. Extremophiles 2003; 7:79-83. [PMID: 12579383 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-002-0298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2002] [Accepted: 09/17/2002] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, expresses a small, alpha-crystallin-like protein in response to exposure to extreme temperatures, above 103 degrees C. The P. furiosus small heat shock protein (Pfu-sHSP) forms large oligomeric complexes. Based on the available crystal structures of the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and wheat sHSPs, the protruding carboxy terminal domain is probably involved in subunit interactions. We constructed Pfu-sHSP mutants to analyze chaperone function and to study multi-subunit assembly. The results confirmed that the carboxy terminus of Pfu-sHSP is involved in inter-dimer interactions, whereas the amino terminal deletion mutant still exhibited the wild-type assembly characteristics. The ability to form oligomeric complexes via the carboxy terminal domain was shown to be necessary for thermotolerance of Escherichia coli overexpressing Pfu-sHSP. The amino terminal domain was not required for inter-species thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Laksanalamai
- Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 E Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of protein folding requires knowledge of both the energy landscape and the structural dynamics of a protein. We report a neutron-scattering study of the nanosecond and picosecond dynamics of native and the denatured alpha-lactalbumin. The quasielastic scattering intensity shows that there are alpha-helical structure and tertiary-like side-chain interactions fluctuating on sub-nanosecond time-scales under extremely denaturing conditions and even in the absence of disulfide bonds. Based on the length-scale dependence of the decay rate of the measured correlation functions, the nanosecond dynamics of the native and the variously denatured proteins have three dynamic regimes. When 0.05<Q<0.5 A(-1) (where the scattering vector, Q, is inversely proportional to the length-scale), the decay rate, Gamma, shows a power law relationship, Gamma proportional to Q(2.42+/-0.08), that is analogous to the dynamic behavior of a random coil. However, when 0.5<Q<1.0 A(-1), the decay rate exhibits a Gamma proportional to Q(1.0+/-0.2) relationship. The effective diffusion constant of the protein decreases with increasing Q, a striking dynamic behavior that is not found in any chain-like macromolecule. We suggest that this unusual dynamics is due to the presence of a strongly attractive force and collective conformational fluctuations in both the native and the denatured states of the protein. Above Q>1.0 A(-1) is a regime that displays the local dynamic behavior of individual residues, Gamma proportional to Q(1.8+/-0.3). The picosecond time-scale dynamics shows that the potential barrier to side-chain proton jump motion is reduced in the molten globule and in the denatured proteins when compared to that of the native protein. Our results provide a dynamic view of the native-like topology established in the early stages of protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562, USA.
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Zhang XY, Huang FM, Zhao DW, Bu Z. [Observation on sex-linkage inheritance of skin color in some local breeds of chicken]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 27:866-9. [PMID: 11192429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The sex-linkage inheritance of skin color was observed in some local breeds of chicken. The results showed that there was a pair of melanin genes PP in autosomes in Taihe Silky Fowl, an Id gene in sex chromosome in Xianju Fowl, Xiaoshan Fowl and Beijing You Fowl, and an id gene in sex chromosome in Langshan Fowl, Gushi Fowl and Taihe Silky Fowl, respectively. The offspring produced by crossing of Taihe Silky Fowl(Male) with the fowl(Female) carrying Id gene (such as Xianju Fowl, Xiaoshan Fowl and Beijing You Fowl) can autosexingly determinate by skin color, male chicken has yellow skin, female chicken has black skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yang zhou 225003, China
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23
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Abstract
We report that the abundant nucleolar protein nucleolin accelerates nucleic acid annealing. Nucleolin accelerates annealing of complementary oligonucleotides and of oligonucleotides that contain a limited number of mismatches. The annealing activity of nucleolin can be localized to a C-terminal region consisting of two RNA binding domains (RBD3 and RBD4) and the RGG(9) domain (RBD3-RBD4-RGG(9)). This same region mediates self-association of nucleolin. The RGG(9) domain of nucleolin, believed to mediate interactions between nucleolin and several ribosomal proteins, is neither sufficient for self-association, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering, nor can it independently accelerate annealing. Acceleration of nucleic acid annealing by nucleolin is likely to depend on self-association of nucleolin molecules bound to nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hanakahi
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8024, USA.
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Bu Z, Neumann DA, Lee SH, Brown CM, Engelman DM, Han CC. A view of dynamics changes in the molten globule-native folding step by quasielastic neutron scattering. J Mol Biol 2000; 301:525-36. [PMID: 10926525 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the changes in protein dynamics that occur in the final stages of protein folding, we have used neutron scattering to probe the differences between a protein in its folded state and the molten globule states. The internal dynamics of bovine alpha-lactalbumin (BLA) and its molten globules (MBLA) have been examined using incoherent, quasielastic neutron scattering (IQNS). The IQNS results show length scale dependent, pico-second dynamics changes on length scales from 3.3 to 60 A studied. On shorter-length scales, the non-exchangeable protons undergo jump motions over potential barriers, as those involved in side-chain rotamer changes. The mean potential barrier to local jump motions is higher in BLA than in MBLA, as might be expected. On longer length scales, the protons undergo spatially restricted diffusive motions with the diffusive motions being more restricted in BLA than in MBLA. Both BLA and MBLA have similar mean square amplitudes of high frequency motions comparable to the chemical bond vibrational motions. Bond vibrational motions thus do not change significantly upon folding. Interestingly, the quasielastic scattering intensities show pronounced maxima for both BLA and MBLA, suggesting that "clusters" of atoms are moving collectively within the proteins on picosecond time scales. The correlation length, or "the cluster size", of such atom clusters moving collectively is dramatically reduced in the molten globules with the correlation length being 6.9 A in MBLA shorter than that of 18 A in BLA. Such collective motions may be important for the stability of the folded state, and may influence the protein folding pathways from the molten globules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, and Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562, USA.
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25
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Abstract
The hydrophobic effect is the main thermodynamic driving force in the folding of water-soluble proteins. Exclusion of nonpolar moieties from aqueous solvent results in the formation of a hydrophobic core in a protein, which has been generally considered essential for specifying and stabilizing the folded structures of proteins. Outer surface protein A (OspA) from Borrelia burgdorferi contains a three-stranded beta-sheet segment which connects two globular domains. Although this single-layer beta-sheet segment is exposed to solvent on both faces and thus does not contain a hydrophobic core, the segment has a high conformational stability. Here we report the engineering of OspA variants that contain larger single-layer beta-sheets (comprising five and seven beta-strands) by duplicating a beta-hairpin unit within the beta-sheet. Nuclear magnetic resonance and small-angle X-ray scattering analyses reveal that these extended single-layer beta-sheets are formed as designed, and amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange and chemical denaturation show that they are stable. Thus, interactions within the beta-hairpin unit and those between adjacent units, which do not involve the formation of a hydrophobic core, are sufficient to specify and stabilize the single-layer beta-sheet structure. Our results provide an expanded view of protein folding, misfolding and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koide
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York 14642, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Solution small angle x-ray scattering can be used to study the association of transmembrane proteins solubilized in detergent micelles. We have used the alpha-helical transmembrane domain of the human erythrocyte glycophorin A (GpA) fused to the carboxyl terminus of monomeric staphylococcal nuclease (SN/GpA) as a model system for study. By matching the average electron density of the detergent micelles to that of the buffer solution, the micelle contribution to the small angle scattering vanishes, and the molecular weight and the radius of gyration of the proteins can be determined. SN/GpA has been found to dimerize in a zwitterionic detergent micelle, N-dodecyl-N,N-(dimethylammonio)butyrate (DDMAB), whose average electron density naturally matches the electron density of an aqueous buffer. The dimerization occurs through the transmembrane domains of GpA. With the aid of the nuclease domain scattering, the orientation of the helices within a dimer can be determined to be parallel by radius of gyration analysis. The association constant of a mutant (G83I) that weakens the GpA dimerization has been determined to be 24 microM in the DDMAB environment. The experimental methods established here could be used to apply solution small angle x-ray scattering to studying the association and interactions of other membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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Koide S, Bu Z, Risal D, Pham TN, Nakagawa T, Tamura A, Engelman DM. Multistep denaturation of Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, a protein containing a single-layer beta-sheet. Biochemistry 1999. [PMID: 10200164 DOI: 10.1021/bi982443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Outer surface protein A (OspA) from the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is a dumbbell-shaped protein in which two globular domains are connected by a three-stranded beta-sheet segment that is solvent-exposed on both faces. Previous studies showed that the whole protein, including the single-layer beta-sheet, is highly rigid. To elucidate the folding mechanism and the role of the central beta-sheet in the formation of the rigid molecule, we investigated the equilibrium thermal denaturation reaction of OspA. We applied differential scanning calorimetry, heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, and solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize the reaction in detail. All three techniques revealed that OspA denatures in two separable cooperative transitions. NMR measurements on OspA specifically 15N-labeled at Lys residues identified the locations of the two folding units and revealed that the C-terminal segment is less stable than the remaining N-terminal segment. The boundary between the two folding units is located within the central beta-sheet. The interconversion among the three folding states (fully folded, C-terminus unfolded, and fully denatured) is slow relative to chemical shift differences (<24 Hz), indicating that there are significant kinetic barriers in the denaturation reactions. SAXS measurements determined the radius of gyration of the native protein to be 25.0 +/- 0.3 A, which increases to 34.4 +/- 1.0 A in the first transition, and then to 56.1 +/- 1.6 A in the second transition. Thus, the intermediate state, in which the C-terminal folding unit is already denatured, is still compact. These results provide a basis for elucidating the folding mechanism of OspA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koide
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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28
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Koide S, Bu Z, Risal D, Pham TN, Nakagawa T, Tamura A, Engelman DM. Multistep denaturation of Borrelia burgdorferi OspA, a protein containing a single-layer beta-sheet. Biochemistry 1999; 38:4757-67. [PMID: 10200164 DOI: 10.1021/bi982443+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Outer surface protein A (OspA) from the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is a dumbbell-shaped protein in which two globular domains are connected by a three-stranded beta-sheet segment that is solvent-exposed on both faces. Previous studies showed that the whole protein, including the single-layer beta-sheet, is highly rigid. To elucidate the folding mechanism and the role of the central beta-sheet in the formation of the rigid molecule, we investigated the equilibrium thermal denaturation reaction of OspA. We applied differential scanning calorimetry, heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, and solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize the reaction in detail. All three techniques revealed that OspA denatures in two separable cooperative transitions. NMR measurements on OspA specifically 15N-labeled at Lys residues identified the locations of the two folding units and revealed that the C-terminal segment is less stable than the remaining N-terminal segment. The boundary between the two folding units is located within the central beta-sheet. The interconversion among the three folding states (fully folded, C-terminus unfolded, and fully denatured) is slow relative to chemical shift differences (<24 Hz), indicating that there are significant kinetic barriers in the denaturation reactions. SAXS measurements determined the radius of gyration of the native protein to be 25.0 +/- 0.3 A, which increases to 34.4 +/- 1.0 A in the first transition, and then to 56.1 +/- 1.6 A in the second transition. Thus, the intermediate state, in which the C-terminal folding unit is already denatured, is still compact. These results provide a basis for elucidating the folding mechanism of OspA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koide
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Abstract
The crystal structure of a soluble form of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA) complexed with the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody has revealed an unusual structure that has a repetitive antiparallel beta topology with a nonglobular, single layer beta-sheet connecting the globular N- and C-terminal domains. Earlier NMR studies have shown that the local structure of OspA including the single layer beta-sheet is similar to the crystal structure. Here we report a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study of the global conformation of OspA in solution. The radius of gyration (Rg) and the length distribution function (P(r)) of OspA measured by SAXS in solution are nearly identical to the calculated ones from the crystal structure, respectively. The NMR and SAXS experiments complement each other to show that OspA including the central single-layer beta-sheet is a stable structure in solution, and that the OspA crystal structure represents the predominant solution conformation of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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Bu Z, Perlo A, Johnson GE, Olack G, Engelman DM, Wyckoff HW. A Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Apparatus for Studying Biological Macromolecules in Solution. J Appl Crystallogr 1998. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889897015422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Lemmon MA, Bu Z, Ladbury JE, Zhou M, Pinchasi D, Lax I, Engelman DM, Schlessinger J. Two EGF molecules contribute additively to stabilization of the EGFR dimer. EMBO J 1997; 16:281-94. [PMID: 9029149 PMCID: PMC1169635 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.2.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor dimerization is generally considered to be the primary signaling event upon binding of a growth factor to its receptor at the cell surface. Little, however, is known about the precise molecular details of ligand-induced receptor dimerization, except for studies of the human growth hormone (hGH) receptor. We have analyzed the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the extracellular domain of its receptor (sEGFR) using titration calorimetry, and the resulting dimerization of sEGFR using small-angle X-ray scattering. EGF induces the quantitative formation of sEGFR dimers that contain two EGF molecules. The data obtained from the two approaches suggest a model in which one EGF monomer binds to one sEGFR monomer, and that receptor dimerization involves subsequent association of two monomeric (1:1) EGF-sEGFR complexes. Dimerization may result from bivalent binding of both EGF molecules in the dimer and/or receptor-receptor interactions. The requirement for two (possibly bivalent) EGF monomers distinguishes EGF-induced sEGFR dimerization from the hGH and interferon-gamma receptors, where multivalent binding of a single ligand species (either monomeric or dimeric) drives receptor oligomerization. The proposed model of EGF-induced sEGFR dimerization suggests possible mechanisms for both ligand-induced homo- and heterodimerization of the EGFR (or erbB) family of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lemmon
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Smith CK, Bu Z, Anderson KS, Sturtevant JM, Engelman DM, Regan L. Surface point mutations that significantly alter the structure and stability of a protein's denatured state. Protein Sci 1996; 5:2009-19. [PMID: 8897601 PMCID: PMC2143264 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Significantly different m values (1.9-2.7 kcal mol-1 M-1) were observed for point mutations at a single, solvent-exposed site (T53) in a variant of the B1 domain of streptococcal Protein G using guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) as a denaturant. This report focuses on elucidating the energetic and structural implications of these m-value differences in two Protein G mutants, containing Ala and Thr at position 53. These two proteins are representative of the high (m+) and low (m-) m-value mutants studied. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed no evidence of equilibrium intermediates. A comparison of GuHCl denaturation monitored by fluorescence and circular dichroism showed that secondary and tertiary structure denatured concomitantly. The rates of folding (286 S-1 for the m+ mutant and 952 S-1 for the m- mutant) and the rates of unfolding (11 S-1 for m+ mutant and 3 S-1 for the m- mutant) were significantly different, as determined by stopped-flow fluorescence. The relative solvation free energies of the transition states were identical for the two proteins (alpha ++ = 0.3). Small-angle X-ray scattering showed that the radius of gyration of the denatured state (Rgd) of the m+ mutant did not change with increasing denaturant concentrations (Rgd approximately 23 A); whereas, the Rgd of the m- mutant increased from approximately 17 A to 23 A with increasing denaturant concentration. The results indicate that the mutations exert significant effects in both the native and GuHCl-induced denatured state of these two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Smith
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Abstract
Recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1), as well as RAG2, are the only lymphoid-specific genes required for V(D)J recombination. RAG1 protein contains a C3HC4 zinc-binding motif (zinc ring finger) that binds two zinc ions. We have found that RAG1 contains additional zinc-binding motifs in the form of two separate C2H2 zinc finger sequences. One of the zinc fingers, in combination with the C3HC4 subdomain, forms a highly specific dimerization domain. A combination of biophysical techniques has been used to determine the energetics of association, the overall shape of the dimerization domain, and the relative orientation of the monomeric subunits within the dimer. These results provide direct evidence that a C3HC4 motif is involved in a protein-protein interaction, in this case via homodimer formation. In addition, the observation that the dimerization domain includes multi-class zinc binding motifs, namely both a zinc finger and a C3HC4 subdomain, has important implications for other C3HC4-containing proteins. The position of this dimerization domain in the N-terminal third of the RAG1 sequence of 1040 amino acid residues may have a significant influence on the activities associated with the C-terminal domains of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Rodgers
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA
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