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Monteux S, Blume-Werry G, Gavazov K, Kirchhoff L, Krab EJ, Lett S, Pedersen EP, Väisänen M. Controlling biases in targeted plant removal experiments. New Phytol 2024; 242:1835-1845. [PMID: 38044568 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted removal experiments are a powerful tool to assess the effects of plant species or (functional) groups on ecosystem functions. However, removing plant biomass in itself can bias the observed responses. This bias is commonly addressed by waiting until ecosystem recovery, but this is inherently based on unverified proxies or anecdotal evidence. Statistical control methods are efficient, but restricted in scope by underlying assumptions. We propose accounting for such biases within the experimental design, using a gradient of biomass removal controls. We demonstrate the relevance of this design by presenting (1) conceptual examples of suspected biases and (2) how to observe and control for these biases. Using data from a mycorrhizal association-based removal experiment, we show that ignoring biomass removal biases (including by assuming ecosystem recovery) can lead to incorrect, or even contrary conclusions (e.g. false positive and false negative). Our gradient design can prevent such incorrect interpretations, regardless of whether aboveground biomass has fully recovered. Our approach provides more objective and quantitative insights, independently assessed for each variable, than using a proxy to assume ecosystem recovery. Our approach circumvents the strict statistical assumptions of, for example, ANCOVA and thus offers greater flexibility in data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Monteux
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- UiT The Arctic University Museum of Norway, NO-9006, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gesche Blume-Werry
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, SE-98107, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Gavazov
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Leah Kirchhoff
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, SE-98107, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Eveline J Krab
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences SLU, SE-75651, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Signe Lett
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emily P Pedersen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, SE-98107, Abisko, Sweden
- Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Abisko Scientific Research Station, SE-98107, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Maria Väisänen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
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2
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Christiansen DM, Römer G, Dahlgren JP, Borg M, Jones OR, Merinero S, Hylander K, Ehrlén J. High-resolution data are necessary to understand the effects of climate on plant population dynamics of a forest herb. Ecology 2024; 105:e4191. [PMID: 37878669 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate is assumed to strongly influence species distribution and abundance. Although the performance of many organisms is influenced by the climate in their immediate proximity, the climate data used to model their distributions often have a coarse spatial resolution. This is problematic because the local climate experienced by individuals might deviate substantially from the regional average. This problem is likely to be particularly important for sessile organisms like plants and in environments where small-scale variation in climate is large. To quantify the effect of local temperature on vital rates and population growth rates, we used temperature values measured at the local scale (in situ logger measures) and integral projection models with demographic data from 37 populations of the forest herb Lathyrus vernus across a wide latitudinal gradient in Sweden. To assess how the spatial resolution of temperature data influences assessments of climate effects, we compared effects from models using local data with models using regionally aggregated temperature data at several spatial resolutions (≥1 km). Using local temperature data, we found that spring frost reduced the asymptotic population growth rate in the first of two annual transitions and influenced survival in both transitions. Only one of the four regional estimates showed a similar negative effect of spring frost on population growth rate. Our results for a perennial forest herb show that analyses using regionally aggregated data often fail to identify the effects of climate on population dynamics. This emphasizes the importance of using organism-relevant estimates of climate when examining effects on individual performance and population dynamics, as well as when modeling species distributions. For sessile organisms that experience the environment over small spatial scales, this will require climate data at high spatial resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte M Christiansen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gesa Römer
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Johan P Dahlgren
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Malin Borg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Owen R Jones
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPop), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Gaytán Á, Drobyshev I, Klisho T, Gotthard K, Tack AJM. Parasitism rate differs between herbivore generations in the univoltine, but not bivoltine, range. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294275. [PMID: 38011177 PMCID: PMC10681160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With climate change, plant-feeding insects increase their number of annual generations (voltinism). However, to what degree the emergence of a new herbivore generation affects the parasitism rate has not been explored. We performed a field experiment to test whether the parasitism rate differs between the first and the second generations of a specialist leaf miner (Tischeria ekebladella), both in the naturally univoltine and bivoltine parts of the leaf miner's distribution. We found an interactive effect between herbivore generation and geographical range on the parasitism rate. The parasitism rate was higher in the first compared to the second host generation in the part of the range that is naturally univoltine, whereas it did not differ between generations in the bivoltine range. Our experiment highlights that shifts in herbivore voltinism might release top-down control, with potential consequences for natural and applied systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gaytán
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Spanish National Research Council (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Drobyshev
- Southern Swedish Forest Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Tatiana Klisho
- Southern Swedish Forest Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Karl Gotthard
- Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Nielsen ME, Nylin S, Wiklund C, Gotthard K. Evolution of butterfly seasonal plasticity driven by climate change varies across life stages. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1548-1558. [PMID: 37366181 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod is a common cue for seasonal plasticity and phenology, but climate change can create cue-environment mismatches for organisms that rely on it. Evolution could potentially correct these mismatches, but phenology often depends on multiple plastic decisions made during different life stages and seasons that may evolve separately. For example, Pararge aegeria (Speckled wood butterfly) has photoperiod-cued seasonal life history plasticity in two different life stages: larval development time and pupal diapause. We tested for climate change-associated evolution of this plasticity by replicating common garden experiments conducted on two Swedish populations 30 years ago. We found evidence for evolutionary change in the contemporary larval reaction norm-although these changes differed between populations-but no evidence for evolution of the pupal reaction norm. This variation in evolution across life stages demonstrates the need to consider how climate change affects the whole life cycle to understand its impacts on phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sören Nylin
- Zoology Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karl Gotthard
- Zoology Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Blaschek L, Murozuka E, Serk H, Ménard D, Pesquet E. Different combinations of laccase paralogs nonredundantly control the amount and composition of lignin in specific cell types and cell wall layers in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2023; 35:889-909. [PMID: 36449969 PMCID: PMC9940878 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants reinforce the cell walls of the different xylem cell types with lignin phenolic polymers. Distinct lignin chemistries differ between each cell wall layer and each cell type to support their specific functions. Yet the mechanisms controlling the tight spatial localization of specific lignin chemistries remain unclear. Current hypotheses focus on control by monomer biosynthesis and/or export, while cell wall polymerization is viewed as random and nonlimiting. Here, we show that combinations of multiple individual laccases (LACs) are nonredundantly and specifically required to set the lignin chemistry in different cell types and their distinct cell wall layers. We dissected the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana LAC4, 5, 10, 12, and 17 by generating quadruple and quintuple loss-of-function mutants. Loss of these LACs in different combinations led to specific changes in lignin chemistry affecting both residue ring structures and/or aliphatic tails in specific cell types and cell wall layers. Moreover, we showed that LAC-mediated lignification has distinct functions in specific cell types, waterproofing fibers, and strengthening vessels. Altogether, we propose that the spatial control of lignin chemistry depends on different combinations of LACs with nonredundant activities immobilized in specific cell types and cell wall layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blaschek
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emiko Murozuka
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Delphine Ménard
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Naaf T, Feigs JT, Huang S, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Diekmann M, Govaert S, Hedwall PO, Lenoir J, Liira J, Meeussen C, Plue J, Vangansbeke P, Vanneste T, Verheyen K, Holzhauer SIJ, Kramp K. Context matters: the landscape matrix determines the population genetic structure of temperate forest herbs across Europe. Landsc Ecol 2021; 37:1365-1384. [PMID: 35571363 PMCID: PMC9085688 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-021-01376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plant populations in agricultural landscapes are mostly fragmented and their functional connectivity often depends on seed and pollen dispersal by animals. However, little is known about how the interactions of seed and pollen dispersers with the agricultural matrix translate into gene flow among plant populations. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify effects of the landscape structure on the genetic diversity within, and the genetic differentiation among, spatially isolated populations of three temperate forest herbs. We asked, whether different arable crops have different effects, and whether the orientation of linear landscape elements relative to the gene dispersal direction matters. METHODS We analysed the species' population genetic structures in seven agricultural landscapes across temperate Europe using microsatellite markers. These were modelled as a function of landscape composition and configuration, which we quantified in buffer zones around, and in rectangular landscape strips between, plant populations. RESULTS Landscape effects were diverse and often contrasting between species, reflecting their association with different pollen- or seed dispersal vectors. Differentiating crop types rather than lumping them together yielded higher proportions of explained variation. Some linear landscape elements had both a channelling and hampering effect on gene flow, depending on their orientation. CONCLUSIONS Landscape structure is a more important determinant of the species' population genetic structure than habitat loss and fragmentation per se. Landscape planning with the aim to enhance the functional connectivity among spatially isolated plant populations should consider that even species of the same ecological guild might show distinct responses to the landscape structure. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-021-01376-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jannis Till Feigs
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Siyu Huang
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sara A. O. Cousins
- Landscapes, Environment and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Per-Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Jaan Liira
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Camille Meeussen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Jan Plue
- IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Valhallavägen 81, 10031 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Stephanie I. J. Holzhauer
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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Kylander ME, Holm M, Fitchett J, Grab S, Martinez Cortizas A, Norström E, Bindler R. Late glacial (17,060-13,400 cal yr BP) sedimentary and paleoenvironmental evolution of the Sekhokong Range (Drakensberg), southern Africa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246821. [PMID: 33730018 PMCID: PMC7968709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Africa sits at the junction of tropical and temperate systems, leading to the formation of seasonal precipitation zones. Understanding late Quaternary paleoclimatic change in this vulnerable region is hampered by a lack of available, reliably-dated records. Here we present a sequence from a well-stratified sedimentary infill occupying a lower slope basin which covers 17,060 to 13,400 cal yr BP with the aim to reconstruct paleoclimatic variability in the high Drakensberg during the Late Glacial. We use a combination of pollen, total organic carbon and nitrogen, δ13C, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectral and elemental data on contiguous samples with high temporal resolution (10 to 80 years per sample). Our data support a relatively humid environment with considerable cold season precipitation during what might have been the final stage of niche-glaciation on the adjoining southern aspects around 17,000 cal yr BP. Then, after an initial warmer and drier period starting ~15,600 cal yr BP, we identify a return to colder and drier conditions with more winter precipitation starting ~14,380 cal yr BP, which represents the first local evidence for the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) in this region. On decadal to centennial timescales, the Late Glacial period was one marked by considerable climatic fluctuation and bi-directional environmental change, which has not been identified in previous studies for this region. Our study shows complex changes in both moisture and thermal conditions providing a more nuanced picture of the Late Glacial for the high Drakensburg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin E. Kylander
- Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikaela Holm
- Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Fitchett
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Grab
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Antonio Martinez Cortizas
- Facultade de Bioloxía, EcoPast (GI-1553), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elin Norström
- Department of Physical Geography and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Bindler
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Yamamoto M, Blaschek L, Subbotina E, Kajita S, Pesquet E. Importance of Lignin Coniferaldehyde Residues for Plant Properties and Sustainable Uses. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:4400-4408. [PMID: 32692480 PMCID: PMC7539997 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Increases in coniferaldehyde content, a minor lignin residue, significantly improves the sustainable use of plant biomass for feed, pulping, and biorefinery without affecting plant growth and yields. Herein, different analytical methods are compared and validated to distinguish coniferaldehyde from other lignin residues. It is shown that specific genetic pathways regulate amount, linkage, and position of coniferaldehyde within the lignin polymer for each cell type. This specific cellular regulation offers new possibilities for designing plant lignin for novel and targeted industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo184-8588Japan
| | - Leonard Blaschek
- Arrhenius laboratories Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Elena Subbotina
- Arrhenius laboratories, Department of Organic ChemistryStockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Shinya Kajita
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo184-8588Japan
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Arrhenius laboratories Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant SciencesStockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
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9
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Dahl M, Asplund ME, Björk M, Deyanova D, Infantes E, Isaeus M, Nyström Sandman A, Gullström M. The influence of hydrodynamic exposure on carbon storage and nutrient retention in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadows on the Swedish Skagerrak coast. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13666. [PMID: 32788660 PMCID: PMC7423977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-temperate seagrass (Zostera marina) meadows provide several important ecosystem services, including trapping and storage of sedimentary organic carbon and nutrients. However, seagrass meadows are rapidly decreasing worldwide and there is a pressing need for protective management of the meadows and the organic matter sinks they create. Their carbon and nutrient storage potential must be properly evaluated, both at present situation and under future climate change impacts. In this study, we assessed the effect of wave exposure on sedimentary carbon and nitrogen accumulation using existing data from 53 Z. marina meadows at the Swedish west coast. We found that meadows with higher hydrodynamic exposure had larger absolute organic carbon and nitrogen stocks (at 0-25 cm depth). This can be explained by a hydrodynamically induced sediment compaction in more exposed sites, resulting in increased sediment density and higher accumulation (per unit volume) of sedimentary organic carbon and nitrogen. With higher sediment density, the erosion threshold is assumed to increase, and as climate change-induced storms are predicted to be more common, we suggest that wave exposed meadows can be more resilient toward storms and might therefore be even more important as carbon- and nutrient sinks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dahl
- Seagrass Ecology & Physiology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria E Asplund
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Björk
- Seagrass Ecology & Physiology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Deyanova
- Seagrass Ecology & Physiology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Infantes
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Martin Gullström
- Seagrass Ecology & Physiology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Thornton BF, Prytherch J, Andersson K, Brooks IM, Salisbury D, Tjernström M, Crill PM. Shipborne eddy covariance observations of methane fluxes constrain Arctic sea emissions. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay7934. [PMID: 32064354 PMCID: PMC6989137 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate direct eddy covariance (EC) observations of methane (CH4) fluxes between the sea and atmosphere from an icebreaker in the eastern Arctic Ocean. EC-derived CH4 emissions averaged 4.58, 1.74, and 0.14 mg m-2 day-1 in the Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi seas, respectively, corresponding to annual sea-wide fluxes of 0.83, 0.62, and 0.03 Tg year-1. These EC results answer concerns that previous diffusive emission estimates, which excluded bubbling, may underestimate total emissions. We assert that bubbling dominates sea-air CH4 fluxes in only small constrained areas: A ~100-m2 area of the East Siberian Sea showed sea-air CH4 fluxes exceeding 600 mg m-2 day-1; in a similarly sized area of the Laptev Sea, peak CH4 fluxes were ~170 mg m-2 day-1. Calculating additional emissions below the noise level of our EC system suggests total ESAS CH4 emissions of 3.02 Tg year-1, closely matching an earlier diffusive emission estimate of 2.9 Tg year-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett F. Thornton
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Prytherch
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Andersson
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian M. Brooks
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Michael Tjernström
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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