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Witting AB, Anderson SR, Johnson LN, Barrow BH, Peery A. The trajectory of anxiety in therapy: The role of ACEs. J Marital Fam Ther 2024. [PMID: 38602712 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The connection between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety disorders is well-documented. Additionally, therapy has been shown to be effective at reducing anxiety symptoms. Yet more needs to be known about how ACEs may shape the process of therapy and the trajectory of anxiety symptoms. This study was designed to compare the trajectory of improvement in anxiety symptoms over the course of 12 sessions of therapy in adults (N = 472), who reported more (greater than four) and fewer (fewer than four) ACEs using a multigroup latent growth curve analysis. Data were drawn from the Marriage and Family Therapy Practice Research Network database. Results suggested that the rate of improvement in those with more and fewer ACEs was not significantly different; however, those with more ACEs had a significantly higher average starting point of anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee N Johnson
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Allie Peery
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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2
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Sandberg JG, Calatrava M, Andrade D, Lybbert R, Mazo S, Rodríguez-González M. Toward a culturally sensitive application of emotionally focused couples therapy: A qualitative study of therapists' experience using EFT in Spanish-speaking countries/cultures. Fam Process 2024. [PMID: 38433120 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to identify specific ways Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT; S. Johnson) could be adapted to better meet the needs of clients in Spanish-speaking countries throughout Europe and the Americas. The results were drawn from responses to a qualitative questionnaire regarding the experiences of learning and applying EFT; 103 therapists in 12 different countries where Spanish is spoken responded to the survey. Overall, the results suggest that the therapists surveyed consider EFT to be a "good fit" for many Spanish-speaking clients because of its focus on emotion, attachment theory, close interpersonal relationships, and model-specific interventions that match cultural values. Participants suggested a few culture-specific modifications regarding how to access and process emotion with men in therapy, translation of key EFT concepts and phrases into Spanish, and navigating the intersection of two cultural values (respeto and personalismo). Fewer modifications were suggested by therapists as they discussed application of the model than while learning it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Calatrava
- Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dania Andrade
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Mazo
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Martiño Rodríguez-González
- Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Evans RW, Maguet ZP, Stratford GM, Biggs AM, Goates MC, Novilla MLB, Frost ME, Barnes MD. Investigating the Poverty-Reducing Effects of SNAP on Non-nutritional Family Outcomes: A Scoping Review. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:438-469. [PMID: 38372834 PMCID: PMC10914930 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE Poverty-reduction efforts that seek to support households with children and enable healthy family functioning are vital to produce positive economic, health, developmental, and upward mobility outcomes. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is an effective poverty-reduction policy for individuals and families. This study investigated the non-nutritional effects that families experience when receiving SNAP benefits. METHODS We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA Guidelines and strategic search terms across seven databases from 01 January 2008 to 01 February 2023 (n=2456). Data extraction involved two researchers performing title-abstract reviews. Full-text articles were assessed for eligibility (n=103). Forty articles were included for data retrieval. RESULTS SNAP positively impacts family health across the five categories of the Family Stress Model (Healthcare utilization for children and parents, Familial allocation of resources, Impact on child development and behavior, Mental health, and Abuse or neglect). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION SNAP is a highly effective program with growing evidence that it positively impacts family health and alleviates poverty. Four priority policy actions are discussed to overcome the unintentional barriers for SNAP: distributing benefits more than once a month; increasing SNAP benefits for recipients; softening the abrupt end of benefits when wages increase; and coordinating SNAP eligibility and enrollment with other programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R William Evans
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA.
| | - Zane P Maguet
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Gray M Stratford
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Allison M Biggs
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | | | | | - Megan E Frost
- Science Librarians, Harold B. Lee Library, Provo, USA
| | - Michael D Barnes
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
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Harris EB, Ewool KKK, Bowden LC, Fierro J, Johnson D, Meinzer M, Tayler S, Grose JH. Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Six Vi01-like Phages Reveals Wide Host Range and Multiple Tail Spike Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:289. [PMID: 38400064 PMCID: PMC10892097 DOI: 10.3390/v16020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria composed of many pathogens, including Salmonella and Shigella. Here, we characterize six bacteriophages that infect Enterobacteriaceae, which were isolated from wastewater plants in the Wasatch front (Utah, United States). These phages are highly similar to the Kuttervirus vB_SenM_Vi01 (Vi01), which was isolated using wastewater from Kiel, Germany. The phages vary little in genome size and are between 157 kb and 164 kb, which is consistent with the sizes of other phages in the Vi01-like phage family. These six phages were characterized through genomic and proteomic comparison, mass spectrometry, and both laboratory and clinical host range studies. While their proteomes are largely unstudied, mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the production of five hypothetical proteins, several of which unveiled a potential operon that suggests a ferritin-mediated entry system on the Vi01-like phage family tail. However, no dependence on this pathway was observed for the single host tested herein. While unable to infect every genus of Enterobacteriaceae tested, these phages are extraordinarily broad ranged, with several demonstrating the ability to infect Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii strains with generally high efficiency, as well as several clinical Salmonella enterica isolates, most likely due to their multiple tail fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julianne H. Grose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA; (E.B.H.); (K.K.K.E.)
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Severe E, Stalnaker J, Hubbard A, Hafen CH, Bailey EG. To participate or not to participate? A qualitative investigation of students' complex motivations for verbal classroom participation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297771. [PMID: 38319943 PMCID: PMC10846701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that making classrooms more active and student centered improves learning, and this usually involves encouraging student talk in the classroom. However, the majority of students remain silent during whole-class discussions, and men's voices are more likely to be heard in science classrooms. Previous interview studies and quantitative studies have discussed the role instructors play in encouraging or discouraging participation, the weight students put into the fear of negative evaluation, and other factors. However, interview studies on the experiences of college students in the sciences, specifically, are lacking. Thus, we conducted a qualitative interview study to investigate students' experiences deciding whether to participate verbally in class, focusing on students recruited from science classrooms. We analyzed the data using an inductive approach and found three main themes: (1) A wide variety of external factors impact students' decision to participate, including instructor characteristics and choices, peer influences, and course material characteristics; (2) Students weigh these factors in complex ways, and this internal calculus varies by student; and (3) Women put greater emphasis on fearing peer judgment, and men may be more motivated by course material considerations. Most of the external factors we identified as important for student participation have been described previously, and we validate that previous literature. We add to the literature by a more complex discussion of how students weigh these different factors and how complex the classroom ecosystem can be. We end by framing our results within the Expectancy Value Theory of motivation, discussing limitations, and providing implications for science college instructors to promote broad and equitable participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee Severe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jack Stalnaker
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Anika Hubbard
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Courtni H. Hafen
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth G. Bailey
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Koide RT, Kanauchi M, Hashimoto Y. Variation Among Japanese Miso Breweries in Indoor Microbiomes is Mainly Ascribed to Variation in Type of Indoor Surface. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:68. [PMID: 38236285 PMCID: PMC10796754 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Miso is a microbially-fermented soybean food. The miso brewery indoor microbiome contributes to miso fermentation. Japanese breweries are not climate-controlled, so indoor spaces are strongly affected by the prevailing climate. Because climate influences microorganism distribution, our first hypothesis is that latitude, as a proxy for climate, is a major determinant of brewery indoor microbiome structure. Breweries vary in interior surface materials and in the way operations (steaming, processing, fermenting) are apportioned among rooms. Therefore, our second hypothesis is that more variability in indoor microbiomes exists among breweries than can be ascribed to a latitudinal gradient. Most miso produced today is inoculated with commercial microbial strains to standardize fermentation. If commercial strains outcompete indigenous microbes for membership in the indoor microbiome, this practice may homogenize indoor microbiomes among regions or breweries. Therefore, our third hypothesis is that inoculant fungal species dominate indoor fungal communities and make it impossible to distinguish communities among breweries or across their latitudinal gradient. We tested these hypotheses by sampling indoor surfaces in several breweries across a latitudinal gradient in Japan. We found that latitude had a significant but relatively small impact on indoor fungal and bacterial communities, that the effect of brewery was large relative to latitude, and that inoculant fungi made such small contributions to the indoor microbiome that distinctions among breweries and along the latitudinal gradient remained apparent. Recently, the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries specified fungal inoculants to standardize miso production. However, this may not be possible so long as the indoor microbiome remains uncontrolled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger T Koide
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Makoto Kanauchi
- Department of Food Management, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hashimoto
- Section of Ecology and Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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Deru LS, Gipson EZ, Hales KE, Bikman BT, Davidson LE, Horne BD, LeCheminant JD, Tucker LA, Bailey BW. The Effects of a High-Carbohydrate versus a High-Fat Shake on Biomarkers of Metabolism and Glycemic Control When Used to Interrupt a 38-h Fast: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:164. [PMID: 38201992 PMCID: PMC10780935 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of various fast-interrupting shakes on markers of glycemic control including glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP. Twenty-seven sedentary adults (twelve female, fifteen male) with overweight or obesity completed this study. One condition consisted of a 38-h water-only fast, and the other two conditions repeated this, but the fasts were interrupted at 24 h by either a high carbohydrate/low fat (HC/LF) shake or an isovolumetric and isocaloric low carbohydrate/high fat (LC/HF) shake. The water-only fast resulted in 135.3% more BHB compared to the HC/LF condition (p < 0.01) and 69.6% more compared to the LC/HF condition (p < 0.01). The LC/HF condition exhibited a 38.8% higher BHB level than the HC/LF condition (p < 0.01). The area under the curve for glucose was 14.2% higher in the HC/LF condition than in the water condition (p < 0.01) and 6.9% higher compared to the LC/HF condition (p < 0.01), with the LC/HF condition yielding 7.8% more glucose than the water condition (p < 0.01). At the 25-h mark, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were significantly elevated in the HC/LF condition compared to the LC/HF condition (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) and compared to the water condition (p < 0.01). Furthermore, insulin, GLP-1, and GIP were increased in the LC/HF condition compared to the water condition at 25 h (p < 0.01, p = 0.015, and p < 0.01, respectively). By the 38-h time point, no differences were observed among the conditions for any of the analyzed hormones. While a LC/HF shake does not mimic a fast completely, it does preserve some of the metabolic changes including elevated BHB and glucagon, and decreased glucose and insulin compared to a HC/LF shake, implying a potential for improved metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon S. Deru
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z. Gipson
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Katelynn E. Hales
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Lance E. Davidson
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Horne
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA;
| | - James D. LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Larry A. Tucker
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bruce W. Bailey
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Witting AB, Busby DM, Allen E. Sense of community and anxiety during a global pandemic: The role of world assumptions in couples. Stress Health 2023; 39:977-988. [PMID: 36790741 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to examine the role of sense of community at the outset of COVID-19 pandemic-related shutdowns as a longitudinal predictor of anxiety in couples. We also sought to investigate whether self-reported changes in perceived levels of benevolent world assumptions would serve as an indirect conveyor of this association. Data were collected at three time points during the first 6-months of pandemic shutdowns in the US and the current study utilized responses from 535 heterosexual cisgender couples. Mplus was used to path model lagged associations between sense of community at wave 1, world assumptions at waves 1 and 2 and anxiety symptoms at all three waves for both partners. Findings demonstrated direct effects within men and women with a stronger sense of community at wave 1 relating to lower anxiety at waves 2, and within women this effect extended to wave 3. Further, we found that a higher sense of community at wave 1 in men associated with perceived strengthening of benevolent world assumptions at the next wave for men and women. We noted that perceived strengthened benevolent world assumptions at wave 2 associated with lower anxiety at wave 3 within men. Indirect effects showed that a stronger sense of community at wave 1 associated with lower anxiety at wave 3 within men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean M Busby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Emma Allen
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Pollard C, Aston K, Emery BR, Hill J, Jenkins T. Detection of neuron-derived cfDNA in blood plasma: a new diagnostic approach for neurodegenerative conditions. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1272960. [PMID: 38020656 PMCID: PMC10643874 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1272960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose significant challenges in early diagnosis, leading to irreversible brain damage and cognitive decline. In this study, we present a novel diagnostic approach that utilizes whole molecule analysis of neuron-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a biomarker for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases. By analyzing Differential Methylation Regions (DMRs) between purified cortical neurons and blood plasma samples, we identified robust biomarkers that accurately distinguish between neuronal and non-neuronal cfDNA. The use of cfDNA offers the advantage of convenient and minimally invasive sample collection compared to traditional cerebrospinal fluid or tissue biopsies, making this approach more accessible and patient friendly. Targeted sequencing at the identified DMR locus demonstrated that a conservative cutoff of 5% of neuron-derived cfDNA in blood plasma accurately identifies 100% of patients diagnosed with AD, showing promising potential for early disease detection. Additionally, this method effectively differentiated between patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who later progressed to AD and those who did not, highlighting its prognostic capabilities. Importantly, the differentiation between patients with neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls demonstrated the specificity of our approach. Furthermore, this cfDNA-based diagnostic strategy outperforms recently developed protein-based assays, which often lack accuracy and convenience. While our current approach focused on a limited set of loci, future research should explore the development of a more comprehensive model incorporating multiple loci to increase diagnostic accuracy further. Although certain limitations, such as technical variance associated with PCR amplification and bisulfite conversion, need to be addressed, this study emphasizes the potential of cfDNA analysis as a valuable tool for pre-symptomatic detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases. With further development and validation, this innovative diagnostic strategy has the potential to significantly impact the field of neurodegenerative disease research and patient care, offering a promising avenue for early intervention and personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Pollard
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Kenneth Aston
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Emery
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jonathon Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Timothy Jenkins
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Redelfs AH, Smith M, Merrill JA, Grimsley S, Jenkins HE, Tederick JS, Butler AG, Dueck K, Eastham Thomas M, Perez DA, Whigham LD. The Commit to Be Fit framework: a community case study of a multi-level, holistic school-based wellness initiative in rural Virginia. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1067454. [PMID: 37663842 PMCID: PMC10468599 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1067454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Public health interventions that target children's physical, mental, and emotional health will enhance their ability to learn and grow. Although more complex, school initiatives that address multiple ecological levels and take a holistic view may be more effective and likely to lead to lasting change. Aims This article presents the framework of Commit to Be Fit (C2BF) as an example of how schools can integrate multi-level and holistic approaches for health. This innovative school-based intervention includes activities addressing individual, home, school, and community to create a culture of wellness. We describe the implementation of C2BF and its basis in ecological models and give examples of activities across three components: cafeteria, classroom, and community. We discuss challenges and note that leadership engagement and alignment were critical elements for C2BF's success thus far. Discussion C2BF uses a school-based multi-level approach to creating a culture of wellness and holistic health for students, teachers, and community members. C2BF is unique compared to other school-based programming and includes activities that address all eight domains posited for program sustainability within public health. Built to be flexible and adaptive, C2BF was able to successfully pivot during the COVID pandemic and also follow new science. Conclusion C2BF and other multi-level holistic approaches are more likely to achieve long-term change by utilizing strategies across the multiple levels of the ecological model to improve health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha H. Redelfs
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Madeleine Smith
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jacinda A. Merrill
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Shannon Grimsley
- District Central Office, Rappahannock County Public Schools, Washington, VA, United States
| | - Hollyann E. Jenkins
- District Central Office, Rappahannock County Public Schools, Washington, VA, United States
| | - Jacqueline S. Tederick
- District Central Office, Rappahannock County Public Schools, Washington, VA, United States
| | - Amanda G. Butler
- District Central Office, Rappahannock County Public Schools, Washington, VA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Leah D. Whigham
- Center for Community Health Impact, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), El Paso, TX, United States
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) - School of Public Health, El Paso, TX, United States
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Quirk DA, Johnson ME, Anderson DE, Smuck M, Sun R, Matthew R, Bailey J, Marras WS, Bell KM, Darwin J, Bowden AE. Biomechanical Phenotyping of Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for BACPAC. Pain Med 2023; 24:S48-S60. [PMID: 36315101 PMCID: PMC10403313 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biomechanics represents the common final output through which all biopsychosocial constructs of back pain must pass, making it a rich target for phenotyping. To exploit this feature, several sites within the NIH Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) have developed biomechanics measurement and phenotyping tools. The overall aims of this article were to: 1) provide a narrative review of biomechanics as a phenotyping tool; 2) describe the diverse array of tools and outcome measures that exist within BACPAC; and 3) highlight how leveraging these technologies with the other data collected within BACPAC could elucidate the relationship between biomechanics and other metrics used to characterize low back pain (LBP). METHODS The narrative review highlights how biomechanical outcomes can discriminate between those with and without LBP, as well as among levels of severity of LBP. It also addresses how biomechanical outcomes track with functional improvements in LBP. Additionally, we present the clinical use case for biomechanical outcome measures that can be met via emerging technologies. RESULTS To answer the need for measuring biomechanical performance, our "Results" section describes the spectrum of technologies that have been developed and are being used within BACPAC. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS The outcome measures collected by these technologies will be an integral part of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies conducted in BACPAC. Linking these measures with other biopsychosocial data collected within BACPAC increases our potential to use biomechanics as a tool for understanding the mechanisms of LBP, phenotyping unique LBP subgroups, and matching these individuals with an appropriate treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adam Quirk
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Marit E Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis E Anderson
- Center for Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Smuck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ruopeng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robert Matthew
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeannie Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - William S Marras
- Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin M Bell
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessa Darwin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anton E Bowden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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12
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Kerr M, Leavitt SD. A Custom Regional DNA Barcode Reference Library for Lichen-Forming Fungi of the Intermountain West, USA, Increases Successful Specimen Identification. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:741. [PMID: 37504730 PMCID: PMC10381598 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding approaches provide powerful tools for characterizing fungal diversity. However, DNA barcoding is limited by poor representation of species-level diversity in fungal sequence databases. Can the development of custom, regionally focused DNA reference libraries improve species-level identification rates for lichen-forming fungi? To explore this question, we created a regional ITS database for lichen-forming fungi (LFF) in the Intermountain West of the United States. The custom database comprised over 4800 sequences and represented over 600 formally described and provisional species. Lichen communities were sampled at 11 sites throughout the Intermountain West, and LFF diversity was characterized using high-throughput ITS2 amplicon sequencing. We compared the species-level identification success rates from our bulk community samples using our regional ITS database and the widely used UNITE database. The custom regional database resulted in significantly higher species-level assignments (72.3%) of candidate species than the UNITE database (28.3-34.2%). Within each site, identification of candidate species ranged from 72.3-82.1% using the custom database; and 31.5-55.4% using the UNITE database. These results highlight that developing regional databases may accelerate a wide range of LFF research by improving our ability to characterize species-level diversity using DNA barcoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kerr
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Steven D Leavitt
- M.L. Bean Life Science Museum and Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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13
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Deru LS, Chamberlain CJ, Lance GR, Gipson EZ, Bikman BT, Davidson LE, Tucker LA, Coleman JL, Bailey BW. The Effects of Exercise on Appetite-Regulating Hormone Concentrations over a 36-h Fast in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081911. [PMID: 37111130 PMCID: PMC10142171 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hunger and satiety are controlled by several physiological mechanisms, including pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones. While the influence of exercise and fasting have been described individually, in relation to these hormones, there is a paucity of work showing the effects of the two modalities (fasting and exercise) combined. Twenty healthy adults (11 males, 9 females) completed both conditions of this study, each consisting of a 36-h water-only fast. One of the fasts began with treadmill exercise, and the differences between the conditions on various appetite hormones were measured every 12 h. The difference in the area under the curve between conditions for ghrelin was 211.8 ± 73.1 pg/mL (F = 8.40, p < 0.0105), and, for GLP-1, it was -1867.9 ± 850.4 pg/mL (F = 4.82, p < 0.0422). No significant differences were noted for areas under the curve between conditions for leptin, PP, PYY, insulin, or GIP. Initiating a fast with exercise lowers ghrelin concentrations and elevates GLP-1 concentrations. Given that ghrelin elicits feelings of hunger and GLP-1 signals feelings of satiety, adding exercise to the beginning of a fast may reduce some of the biological drive of hunger, which could make fasting more tolerable, leading to better adherence and more significant health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon S Deru
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Garrett R Lance
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Elizabeth Z Gipson
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin T Bikman
- Department of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Lance E Davidson
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Larry A Tucker
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jacob L Coleman
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bruce W Bailey
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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14
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Christensen BA, Clark B, Muir AM, Allen WD, Corbin EM, Jaggi T, Alder N, Clawson A, Farrer TJ, Bigler ED, Larson MJ. Interhemispheric transfer time and concussion in adolescents: A longitudinal study using response time and event-related potential measures. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1161156. [PMID: 37056961 PMCID: PMC10086259 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1161156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionConcussion in children and adolescents is a public health concern with higher concussion incidence than adults and increased susceptibility to axonal injury. The corpus callosum is a vulnerable location of concussion-related white matter damage that can be associated with short- and long-term effects of concussion. Interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) of visual information across the corpus callosum can be used as a direct measure of corpus callosum functioning that may be impacted by adolescent concussion with slower IHTT relative to matched controls. Longitudinal studies and studies testing physiological measures of IHTT following concussion in adolescents are lacking.MethodsWe used the N1 and P1 components of the scalp-recorded brain event-related potential (ERP) to measure IHTT in 20 adolescents (ages 12–19 years old) with confirmed concussion and 16 neurologically-healthy control participants within 3 weeks of concussion (subacute stage) and approximately 10 months after injury (longitudinal).ResultsSeparate two-group (concussion, control) by two-time (3 weeks, 10 months) repeated measures ANOVAs on difference response times and IHTT latencies of the P1 and N1 components showed no significant differences by group (ps ≥ 0.25) nor by time (ps ≥ 0.64), with no significant interactions (ps ≥ 0.15).DiscussionResults from the current sample suggest that measures of IHTT may not be strongly influenced at 3 weeks or longitudinally following adolescent concussion using the current IHTT paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Christensen
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Bradley Clark
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Muir
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Whitney D. Allen
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Erin M. Corbin
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Tyshae Jaggi
- Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, United States
| | - Nathan Alder
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ann Clawson
- Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Thomas J. Farrer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erin D. Bigler
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michael J. Larson
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Larson,
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15
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Totenhagen CJ, Li X, Wilmarth MJ, Archuleta KL, Yorgason JB. Do couples who play together stay together? A longitudinal dyadic examination of shared leisure, financial distress, and relationship outcomes. Fam Process 2023. [PMID: 36802045 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether shared leisure offers protection against negative associations between financial distress and relationship quality (satisfaction and commitment) for lower- and higher-income couples. We expected husbands' and wives' reports of shared leisure would be protective of the effects of financial distress (Time 2) on relationship satisfaction (Time 3) and commitment (Time 4) for higher-income couples (but not lower-income couples). Participants were drawn from a nationally representative, longitudinal study of US newly married couples. The analytic sample included both members of 1382 different-gender couples with data across the three sampled waves of data collection. Shared leisure was largely protective of the effects of financial distress on husbands' commitment for higher-income couples. For lower-income couples, higher shared leisure exacerbated this effect. These effects were only found at extreme levels of household income and shared leisure. When considering if couples who play together stay together, our findings suggest that it can, but it is critical to understand the financial situation of the couple and the resources they may have to support shared leisure activities. Professionals working with couples should consider their financial situation when making recommendation to engage in shared leisure, such as going out for recreation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Totenhagen
- Human Development and Family Studies, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | | | - Kristy L Archuleta
- Financial Planning, Housing & Consumer Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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16
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Abstract
The structure of a protein defines its function and integrity and correlates with the protein folding stability (PFS). Quantifying PFS allows researchers to assess differential stability of proteins in different disease or ligand binding states, providing insight into protein efficacy and potentially serving as a metric of protein quality. There are a number of mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods to assess PFS, such as Thermal Protein Profiling (TPP), Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX), and Iodination Protein Stability Assay (IPSA). Despite the critical value that PFS studies add to the understanding of mechanisms of disease and treatment development, proteomics research is still primarily dominated by concentration-based studies. We found that a major reason for the lack of PFS studies is the lack of a user-friendly data processing tool. Here we present the first user-friendly software, CHalf, with a graphical user interface for calculating PFS. Besides calculating site-specific PFS of a given protein from chemical denature folding stability assays, CHalf is also compatible with thermal denature folding stability assays. CHalf also includes a set of data visualization tools to help identify changes in PFS across protein sequences and in between different treatment conditions. We expect the introduction of CHalf to lower the barrier of entry for researchers to investigate PFS, promoting the usage of PFS in studies. In the long run, we expect this increase in PFS research to accelerate our understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D. Hyer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Hsien-Jung L. Lin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Connor T. Haderlie
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Monica Berg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - John C. Price
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
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17
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Ortiz Cano HG, Hadfield R, Gomez T, Hultine K, Mata Gonzalez R, Petersen SL, Hansen NC, Searcy MT, Stetler J, Cervantes Mendívil T, Burchfield D, Park P, Stewart JR. Ecological-niche modeling reveals current opportunities for Agave dryland farming in Sonora, Mexico and Arizona, USA. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279877. [PMID: 36662880 PMCID: PMC9858763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, humans occupying arid regions of North America have maintained an intricate relationship with Agave (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae). Today Agave cultivation, primarily for beverage production, provides an economic engine for rural communities throughout Mexico. Among known dryland-farming methods, the use of rock piles and cattle-grazed areas stand out as promising approaches for Agave cultivation. Identifying new cultivation areas to apply these approaches in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico warrants a geographic assessment of areas outside the known ranges of rock piles and grasslands. The objective of this study was to predict areas for dryland-farming of Agave and develop models to identify potential areas for Agave cultivation. We used maximum entropy (MaxEnt) ecological-niche-modeling algorithms to predict suitable areas for Agave dryland farming. The model was parameterized using occurrence records of Hohokam rock piles in Arizona and grassland fields cultivated with Agave in Sonora. Ten environmental-predictor variables were used in the model, downloaded from the WorldClim 2 climate database. The model identified potential locations for using rock piles as dryland-farming methods from south-central Arizona to northwestern Sonora. The Agave-grassland model indicated that regions from central to southern Sonora have the highest potential for cultivation of Agave, particularly for the species Agave angustifolia. Results suggest that there are many suitable areas where rock piles can be used to cultivate Agave in the Sonoran Desert, particularly in the border of southeastern Arizona and northwest Sonora. Likewise, cattle-grazing grasslands provide a viable environment for cultivating Agave in southern Sonora, where the expanding bacanora-beverage industry continues to grow and where different Agave products (e.g., syrups, fructans, saponins, and medicinal compounds) can potentially strengthen local economies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Hadfield
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Teresa Gomez
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kevin Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Mata Gonzalez
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | - Neil C. Hansen
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Searcy
- Department of Anthropology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jason Stetler
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Teodoro Cervantes Mendívil
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Costa de Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - Pilman Park
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J. Ryan Stewart
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, United States of America
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18
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Lin HJ, James I, Hyer CD, Haderlie CT, Zackrison MJ, Bateman TM, Berg M, Park JS, Daley SA, Zuniga Pina NR, Tseng YJJ, Moody JD, Price JC. Quantifying In Situ Structural Stabilities of Human Blood Plasma Proteins Using a Novel Iodination Protein Stability Assay. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2920-2935. [PMID: 36356215 PMCID: PMC9724711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many of the diseases that plague society today are driven by a loss of protein quality. One method to quantify protein quality is to measure the protein folding stability (PFS). Here, we present a novel mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach for PFS measurement, iodination protein stability assay (IPSA). IPSA quantifies the PFS by tracking the surface-accessibility differences of tyrosine, histidine, methionine, and cysteine under denaturing conditions. Relative to current methods, IPSA increases protein coverage and granularity to track the PFS changes of a protein along its sequence. To our knowledge, this study is the first time the PFS of human serum proteins has been measured in the context of the blood serum (in situ). We show that IPSA can quantify the PFS differences between different transferrin iron-binding states in near in vivo conditions. We also show that the direction of the denaturation curve reflects the in vivo surface accessibility of the amino acid residue and reproducibly reports a residue-specific PFS. Along with IPSA, we introduce an analysis tool Chalf that provides a simple workflow to calculate the residue-specific PFS. The introduction of IPSA increases the potential to use protein structural stability as a structural quality metric in understanding the etiology and progression of human disease. Data is openly available at Chorusproject.org (project ID 1771).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Jung
L. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Isabella James
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Chad D. Hyer
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Connor T. Haderlie
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Michael J. Zackrison
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Tyler M. Bateman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Monica Berg
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - S. Anisha Daley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Nathan R. Zuniga Pina
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - Yi-Jie J. Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - James D. Moody
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
| | - John C. Price
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah84602, United States
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19
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Naylor B, Anderson CNK, Hadfield M, Parkinson DH, Ahlstrom A, Hannemann A, Quilling CR, Cutler KJ, Denton RL, Adamson R, Angel TE, Burlett RS, Hafen PS, Dallon JC, Transtrum MK, Hyldahl RD, Price JC. Utilizing Nonequilibrium Isotope Enrichments to Dramatically Increase Turnover Measurement Ranges in Single Biopsy Samples from Humans. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2703-2714. [PMID: 36099490 PMCID: PMC9639613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new proteins and the degradation of old proteins in vivo can be quantified in serial samples using metabolic isotope labeling to measure turnover. Because serial biopsies in humans are impractical, we set out to develop a method to calculate the turnover rates of proteins from single human biopsies. This method involved a new metabolic labeling approach and adjustments to the calculations used in previous work to calculate protein turnover. We demonstrate that using a nonequilibrium isotope enrichment strategy avoids the time dependent bias caused by variable lag in label delivery to different tissues observed in traditional metabolic labeling methods. Turnover rates are consistent for the same subject in biopsies from different labeling periods, and turnover rates calculated in this study are consistent with previously reported values. We also demonstrate that by measuring protein turnover we can determine where proteins are synthesized. In human subjects a significant difference in turnover rates differentiated proteins synthesized in the salivary glands versus those imported from the serum. We also provide a data analysis tool, DeuteRater-H, to calculate protein turnover using this nonequilibrium metabolic 2H2O method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley
C. Naylor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | | | - Marcus Hadfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - David H. Parkinson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Austin Ahlstrom
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Austin Hannemann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Chad R. Quilling
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Kyle J. Cutler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Russell L. Denton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert Adamson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Thomas E. Angel
- In-vitro/In-vivo
Translation Platform Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Rebecca S. Burlett
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Paul S. Hafen
- Department
of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - John. C. Dallon
- Department
of Mathematics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mark K. Transtrum
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert D. Hyldahl
- Department
of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - John C. Price
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young
University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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20
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Shirts RB, Welch JS. Quantum Interstate Phase Differences and Multiphoton Processes: Quantum Jumps or Dynamic Beats? ACS Omega 2022; 7:30632-30641. [PMID: 36061689 PMCID: PMC9434749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whether quantum state transitions occur by instantaneous jumps (a la Bohr) or deterministic dynamics (Schrödinger's preference) has been intensely debated. Recent experimental measurements of shelved electrons have reignited the debate. We examine aspects of the time-dependent numerical solutions of the Schrödinger equation in quantum systems with two and three levels perturbed by a sinusoidal field. A geometrical construction involving quantum state phase differences illuminates the role of interstate phase differences in a deterministic, rather than random, process of multiphoton absorption. Alternate halves of the Rabi cycle exhibit phase reversals much like the classical beats of coupled oscillators. For non-zero detuning, population inversion does not occur because the exciting field drifts out of the proper phase before inversion is complete. A close correspondence with classical, coupled oscillator beats offers insights for interpretation of deterministic quantum dynamics and suggests an experimental test for the correctness of this picture depending on the long-time phase stability of exciting fields.
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21
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Green J, Yamawaki N, Wang ANY, Castillo SE, Nohagi Y, Saldarriaga M. What Matters When Examining Attitudes of Economic Abuse? Gender and Student Status as Predictors of Blaming, Minimizing, and Excusing Economic Abuse. J Fam Econ Issues 2022; 44:1-14. [PMID: 36034328 PMCID: PMC9392858 DOI: 10.1007/s10834-022-09859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted regarding attitudes toward various types and patterns of violence against intimate partners, but there is a lack of research on attitudes toward economic abuse in general. In the current study, we examined attitudes toward economic abuse by examining how participants blamed the victim, minimized the economic abuse, and excused the perpetrator in hypothetical scenarios. We also examined two characteristics of participants: binary gender differences (i.e., woman, man) and differences between students and non-students. Participants (N = 239) were recruited via the SONA system of a private university (n = 120) and via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (n = 119). Participants were randomly assigned to read one of two hypothetical scenarios to evaluate how scenario condition (i.e., victim employed, victim unemployed), participant gender, and participant student status predicted attitudes toward economic abuse involving blaming, minimizing, and excusing. Moreover, we also examined ambivalent sexism and gender role ideology as predictors. A 2 (scenario condition: job, no job) × 2 (participant gender: woman, man) × 2 (student status: college student, non-college student) MANOVA indicated main effects of both participant gender and participant student status. Follow-up ANOVAs revealed that men were more likely to blame victims, minimize the economic abuse, and excuse perpetrators compared to women. Additionally, students were less likely to minimize the economic abuse compared to non-students. Moreover, both hostile sexism and traditional gender role ideology were significant predictors. Implications of the findings and future directions for researchers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Green
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Niwako Yamawaki
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | | | | | - Yuki Nohagi
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
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22
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Jensen J, Smith CM, Bowers R, Kaloi M, Ogden TH, Parry KA, Payne JS, Fife P, Holt E. Asynchronous Online Instruction Leads to Learning Gaps When Compared to a Flipped Classroom. J Sci Educ Technol 2022; 31:718-729. [PMID: 35971508 PMCID: PMC9366838 DOI: 10.1007/s10956-022-09988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the gradual shift to online education models that has taken place in recent decades, research has sought to understand the nuances of student performance in an online model in comparison to more traditional in-person modalities. However, the effects of instructional modality have been difficult to determine given the many variables that exist in course design between these methods. In this study, we attempt to determine the efficacy of asynchronous online instruction by comparing two nearly equivalent courses. The first course was a flipped classroom, a recent and well-studied hybrid model of instruction. The second was an asynchronous fully online course that contained all the same instructional elements as the in-person course but lacked any student or instructor interaction. Student performance was tracked at both a highly-selective private institution and an open-enrollment public institution. Results show that students' performance drops in an asynchronous online course compared to an equivalent in-person experience. Several potential hypotheses are put forth to explain a change in performance that can potentially shape the design of online instruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Jensen
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Clara M. Smith
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Robert Bowers
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Mahealani Kaloi
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - T. Heath Ogden
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT USA
| | - Kirkham A. Parry
- Continuing Education Research, Brigham Young University, Planning, & Assessment, Provo, UT USA
| | - Joshua S. Payne
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | | | - Emily Holt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greely, CO USA
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Abstract
Emerging scientific advances in microbial research linking estrogens and the gut-skin microbiome in reference to dermal health are featured in this narrative review of journal reports and reviews from January 2018 through February 2022. Background information on advances in microbial research along with defining the microbiota and microbiome is presented in brief. The development of and factors that influence the gut microbiome in health and disease as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the skin microbiome and skin aging are summarized. New information on the development and changes of organ microbiomes have exposed similarities between skin and gut structure/function, microbial components/diversity/taxonomy and how they impact the immune response for combating disease and enhancing wellness. Estrogens promote health and support homeostasis in general and directly impact dermal health. Moreover, the gut, based upon the level of the microbial enzyme β-glucuronidase, which regulates estrogen’s enterohepatic recirculation, constitutes a gut-skin microbial axis. This axis revolves around the systemically available estrogen to support immune function, counteract inflammation and oxidative stress, and decrease the risk of hormone-dependent skin cancers. These data support the direct effect of estrogens on skin health and the interaction of diet on dermal health via effects on the gut microflora. Finally, the potential for bioactive botanicals containing phytoestrogens or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to evade the effects of gut β-glucuronidase expressing flora is proposed that may have a positive impact on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D. Lephart
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and The Neuroscience Center LS 4005, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA
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24
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Martin A, Babbitt A, Pickens AG, Pickett BE, Hill JT, Suli A. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Characterizes the Molecular Heterogeneity of the Larval Zebrafish Optic Tectum. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:818007. [PMID: 35221915 PMCID: PMC8869500 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.818007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The optic tectum (OT) is a multilaminated midbrain structure that acts as the primary retinorecipient in the zebrafish brain. Homologous to the mammalian superior colliculus, the OT is responsible for the reception and integration of stimuli, followed by elicitation of salient behavioral responses. While the OT has been the focus of functional experiments for decades, less is known concerning specific cell types, microcircuitry, and their individual functions within the OT. Recent efforts have contributed substantially to the knowledge of tectal cell types; however, a comprehensive cell catalog is incomplete. Here we contribute to this growing effort by applying single-cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the transcriptomic profiles of tectal cells labeled by the transgenic enhancer trap line y304Et(cfos:Gal4;UAS:Kaede). We sequenced 13,320 cells, a 4X cellular coverage, and identified 25 putative OT cell populations. Within those cells, we identified several mature and developing neuronal populations, as well as non-neuronal cell types including oligodendrocytes and microglia. Although most mature neurons demonstrate GABAergic activity, several glutamatergic populations are present, as well as one glycinergic population. We also conducted Gene Ontology analysis to identify enriched biological processes, and computed RNA velocity to infer current and future transcriptional cell states. Finally, we conducted in situ hybridization to validate our bioinformatic analyses and spatially map select clusters. In conclusion, the larval zebrafish OT is a complex structure containing at least 25 transcriptionally distinct cell populations. To our knowledge, this is the first time scRNA-seq has been applied to explore the OT alone and in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalie Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Annalie Martin,
| | - Anne Babbitt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Allison G. Pickens
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Brett E. Pickett
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Jonathon T. Hill
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Arminda Suli
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
- Arminda Suli,
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25
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Newey CR, Olausson AT, Applegate A, Reid AA, Robison RA, Grose JH. Presence and stability of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental currency and money cards in Utah reveals a lack of live virus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263025. [PMID: 35077511 PMCID: PMC8789161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 has led to several studies on the transmission of the virus. A little studied potential fomite of great concern in the community is currency, which has been shown to harbor microbial pathogens in several studies. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many businesses in the United States have limited the use of banknotes in favor of credit cards. However, SARS-CoV-2 has shown greater stability on plastic in several studies. Herein, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 at room temperature on banknotes, money cards and coins was investigated. In vitro studies with live virus suggested SARS-CoV-2 was highly unstable on banknotes, showing an initial rapid reduction in viable virus and no viral detection by 24 hours. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 displayed increased stability on money cards with live virus detected after 48 hours. Environmental swabbing of currency and money cards on and near the campus of Brigham Young University supported these results, with no detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on banknotes, and a low level on money cards. However, no viable virus was detected on either. These preliminary results suggest that the use of money cards over banknotes in order to slow the spread of this virus may be ill-advised. These findings should be investigated further through larger environmental studies involving more locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R. Newey
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Abigail T. Olausson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Applegate
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Ann-Aubrey Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Robison
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Julianne H. Grose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
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26
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Lephart ED. Phytoestrogens (Resveratrol and Equol) for Estrogen-Deficient Skin-Controversies/Misinformation versus Anti-Aging In Vitro and Clinical Evidence via Nutraceutical-Cosmetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11218. [PMID: 34681876 PMCID: PMC8538984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The overarching theme for this review is perspective. Superfoods (a marketing term for fruits and vegetables, etc.) have a positive connotation, while many superfoods contain phytoestrogens, a term that is alarming to the public and has a negative connotation because phytoestrogens are endocrine-disruptors, even though they are strong antioxidants that have many health benefits. To understand phytoestrogens, this paper provides a brief summary of the characteristics of: (a) estrogens, (b) estrogen receptors (ER), (c) estrogen-deficient skin, (d) how perspective(s) get off track, (e) phytoestrogen food sources, and (f) misconceptions of phytoestrogens and food safety, in general, that influence person(s) away from what is true. Finally, a brief history of cosmetics to nutraceuticals is covered plus the characteristics of phytoestrogens, resveratrol and equol on: (g) estrogen receptor binding, (h) topical and oral dosing, and (i) in vitro, molecular mechanisms and select clinical evidence, where both phytoestrogens (resveratrol and equol) demonstrate promising applications to improve skin health is presented along with future directions of nutraceuticals. Perspective is paramount in understanding the controversies associated with superfoods, phytoestrogens, and endocrine-disruptors because they have both positive and negative connotations. Everyone is exposed to and consumes these molecules everyday regardless of age, gender, or geographic location around the world, and how we understand this is a matter of perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and The Neuroscience Center, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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27
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Gao D, Hart CH, Cheah CSL, Balkaya M, Vu KTT, Liu J. Chinese American children's temperamental shyness and responses to peer victimization as moderated by maternal praise. J Fam Psychol 2021; 35:680-690. [PMID: 33705180 PMCID: PMC8439116 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relations between Chinese American children's temperamental shyness and their assertive and submissive responses to peer victimization. The mediating role of children's anxious-withdrawn behavior in the association between their temperamental shyness and responses to peer victimization in school settings was assessed, as well as the moderating effect of observed maternal praise. Mothers of 153 Chinese American children (46.4% boys; Mage = 4.40 years, SDage = 0.79 years) reported on their children's temperamental shyness, and teachers rated children's display of anxious-withdrawn behavior and responses to peer victimization. Mothers' use of praise during their interactions with children in a free-play session was observed. Results showed that children's display of anxious-withdrawn behavior played a mediating role in the associations between their temperamental shyness and responses to peer victimization. Moreover, maternal praise moderated the relation between children's temperamental shyness and anxious-withdrawn behavior, such that more temperamentally shy children with mothers who used to praise more frequently displayed less anxious-withdrawn behavior, which, in turn, was associated with more assertiveness and less submissiveness in response to peer victimization. These findings highlight the importance of maternal praise in reducing children's display of anxious-withdrawn behavior, which in turn facilitates their capacity to cope with peer victimization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science
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28
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Shumway SG, Hopper JD, Tolman ER, Ferguson DG, Hubble G, Patterson D, Jensen JL. Predictors of compliance with COVID-19 related non-pharmaceutical interventions among university students in the United States. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252185. [PMID: 34143776 PMCID: PMC8213108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is currently dealing with a devastating pandemic. Although growing COVID-19 case numbers, deaths, and hospitalizations are concerning, this spread is particularly alarming in the United States where polarizing opinions, changing policies, and misinformation abound. In particular, American college campuses have been a venue of rampant transmission, with concerning spillover into surrounding, more vulnerable, communities. We surveyed over 600 college students from across the United States and modeled predictors of compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions. We identified concern with severity, constitutionalism, news exposure, and religiosity as significant positive correlates with compliance, and general trust in science as a significant negative correlate. To determine how applicable nationwide modeling might be to individual local campuses we also administered this same survey to nearly 600 students at two large universities in Utah County. In this population, concern with severity was the only significant positive correlate with compliance; Additionally, feelings of inconvenience were negatively correlated. The effects of feelings of inconvenience, and news exposure were significantly different between populations. These results suggest that we should focus our efforts on increasing knowledge about the pandemic's effects on our society and informing about constitutionality amongst college students. However, we also show that nationwide surveys and modeling are informative, but if campuses are to efficiently curb the spread of COVID-19 this coming semester, they would be best served to utilize data collected from their student populations as these might significantly differ from general consensus data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer G. Shumway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jonas D. Hopper
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ethan R. Tolman
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Ferguson
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Hubble
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - David Patterson
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jamie L. Jensen
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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29
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Piccolo SR, Lee TJ, Suh E, Hill K. ShinyLearner: A containerized benchmarking tool for machine-learning classification of tabular data. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa026. [PMID: 32249316 PMCID: PMC7131989 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification algorithms assign observations to groups based on patterns in data. The machine-learning community have developed myriad classification algorithms, which are used in diverse life science research domains. Algorithm choice can affect classification accuracy dramatically, so it is crucial that researchers optimize the choice of which algorithm(s) to apply in a given research domain on the basis of empirical evidence. In benchmark studies, multiple algorithms are applied to multiple datasets, and the researcher examines overall trends. In addition, the researcher may evaluate multiple hyperparameter combinations for each algorithm and use feature selection to reduce data dimensionality. Although software implementations of classification algorithms are widely available, robust benchmark comparisons are difficult to perform when researchers wish to compare algorithms that span multiple software packages. Programming interfaces, data formats, and evaluation procedures differ across software packages; and dependency conflicts may arise during installation. FINDINGS To address these challenges, we created ShinyLearner, an open-source project for integrating machine-learning packages into software containers. ShinyLearner provides a uniform interface for performing classification, irrespective of the library that implements each algorithm, thus facilitating benchmark comparisons. In addition, ShinyLearner enables researchers to optimize hyperparameters and select features via nested cross-validation; it tracks all nested operations and generates output files that make these steps transparent. ShinyLearner includes a Web interface to help users more easily construct the commands necessary to perform benchmark comparisons. ShinyLearner is freely available at https://github.com/srp33/ShinyLearner. CONCLUSIONS This software is a resource to researchers who wish to benchmark multiple classification or feature-selection algorithms on a given dataset. We hope it will serve as example of combining the benefits of software containerization with a user-friendly approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Piccolo
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Terry J Lee
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Erica Suh
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kimball Hill
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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Muir AM, Carbine KA, Goodwin J, Hedges-Muncy A, Endrass T, Larson MJ. Differentiating electrophysiological indices of internal and external performance monitoring: Relationship with perfectionism and locus of control. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219883. [PMID: 31671107 PMCID: PMC6822767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of individual differences on performance monitoring and psychopathology is a question of active debate. Personality traits associated with psychopathology may be related to poor internal performance monitoring (as measured by the error-related negativity [ERN]) but intact external performance monitoring (as measured by the reward positivity [RewP]), suggesting that there are underlying neural differences between internal and external performance monitoring processes. We tested the relationships between individual difference measures of perfectionism, locus of control, and ERN, error-positivity (Pe), and RewP component difference amplitude in a healthy undergraduate sample. A total of 128 participants (69 female, M(SD)age = 20.6(2.0) years) completed two tasks: a modified version of the Eriksen Flanker and a doors gambling task along with the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism scale, the Rotter Locus of Control scale, and the Levenson Multidimensional Locus of Control scale to quantify perfectionism and locus of control traits, respectively. Linear regressions adjusting for age and gender showed that neither ΔERN nor ΔRewP amplitude were significantly moderated by perfectionism or locus of control scores. Findings suggest that, in psychiatrically-healthy individuals, there is not a strong link between perfectionism, locus of control, and ERN or RewP amplitude. Future research on individual difference measures in people with psychopathology may provide further insight into how these personality traits affect performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Muir
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kaylie A. Carbine
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jayden Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ariana Hedges-Muncy
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Michael J. Larson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Morley SA, Peralta-Castro A, Brieba LG, Miller J, Ong KL, Ridge PG, Oliphant A, Aldous S, Nielsen BL. Arabidopsis thaliana organelles mimic the T7 phage DNA replisome with specific interactions between Twinkle protein and DNA polymerases Pol1A and Pol1B. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:241. [PMID: 31170927 PMCID: PMC6554949 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant chloroplasts and mitochondria utilize nuclear encoded proteins to replicate their DNA. These proteins are purposely built for replication in the organelle environment and are distinct from those involved in replication of the nuclear genome. These organelle-localized proteins have ancestral roots in bacterial and bacteriophage genes, supporting the endosymbiotic theory of their origin. We examined the interactions between three of these proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana: a DNA helicase-primase similar to bacteriophage T7 gp4 protein and animal mitochondrial Twinkle, and two DNA polymerases, Pol1A and Pol1B. We used a three-pronged approach to analyze the interactions, including Yeast-two-hybrid analysis, Direct Coupling Analysis (DCA), and thermophoresis. RESULTS Yeast-two-hybrid analysis reveals residues 120-295 of Twinkle as the minimal region that can still interact with Pol1A or Pol1B. This region is a part of the primase domain of the protein and slightly overlaps the zinc-finger and RNA polymerase subdomains located within. Additionally, we observed that Arabidopsis Twinkle interacts much more strongly with Pol1A versus Pol1B. Thermophoresis also confirms that the primase domain of Twinkle has higher binding affinity than any other region of the protein. Direct-Coupling-Analysis identified specific residues in Twinkle and the DNA polymerases critical to positive interaction between the two proteins. CONCLUSIONS The interaction of Twinkle with Pol1A or Pol1B mimics the minimal DNA replisomes of T7 phage and those present in mammalian mitochondria. However, while T7 and mammals absolutely require their homolog of Twinkle DNA helicase-primase, Arabidopsis Twinkle mutants are seemingly unaffected by this loss. This implies that while Arabidopsis mitochondria mimic minimal replisomes from T7 and mammalian mitochondria, there is an extra level of redundancy specific to loss of Twinkle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart A. Morley
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3130 Life Sciences Building, 4007 LSB, Provo, UT 84604 USA
| | - Antolín Peralta-Castro
- Langebio-Cinvestav Sede Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera. Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Luis G. Brieba
- Langebio-Cinvestav Sede Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera. Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Justin Miller
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4007 LSB, Provo, UT 84604 USA
| | - Kai Li Ong
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3130 Life Sciences Building, 4007 LSB, Provo, UT 84604 USA
| | - Perry G. Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4007 LSB, Provo, UT 84604 USA
| | - Amanda Oliphant
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3130 Life Sciences Building, 4007 LSB, Provo, UT 84604 USA
| | - Stephen Aldous
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3130 Life Sciences Building, 4007 LSB, Provo, UT 84604 USA
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 3130 Life Sciences Building, 4007 LSB, Provo, UT 84604 USA
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Noyce SG, Vanfleet RR, Craighead HG, Davis RC. High surface-area carbon microcantilevers. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:1148-1154. [PMID: 36133213 PMCID: PMC9418787 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00101d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microscale porous carbon mechanical resonators were formed using carbon nanotube templated microfabrication. These cantilever resonators exhibited nanoscale porosity resulting in a high surface area to volume ratio which could enable sensitive analyte detection in air. These resonators were shown to be mechanically robust and the porosity could be controllably varied resulting in densities from 102 to 103 kg m-3, with pore diameters on the order of hundreds of nanometers. Cantilevers with lengths ranging from 500 μm to 5 mm were clamped in a fixture for mechanical resonance testing where quality factors from 102 to 103 were observed at atmospheric pressure in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Noyce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Richard R Vanfleet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Harold G Craighead
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Robert C Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA
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Frutos AM, Sloan CD, Merrill RM. Modeling the effects of atmospheric pressure on suicide rates in the USA using geographically weighted regression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206992. [PMID: 30517125 PMCID: PMC6281181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Low atmospheric pressure may increase depression and suicide through inducing hypoxia. Previous studies have not evaluated the geographic variation of this relationship across the United States. Analyses were based on three groupings of age-adjusted completed suicide rates (all suicide, firearm-related suicide, non-firearm-related suicide) from 2286 counties in the United States. Multiple regression was used to determine the overall relationship between atmospheric pressure and completed suicide rates. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) models were used to obtain local coefficient estimates. A negative correlation between atmospheric pressure and completed suicide rates was observed for all three suicide groupings (p-value <0.0001). Significant, negative GWR coefficient estimates were located in the West and Northeast for the all suicides and firearm-related suicides, and in the Midwest for non-firearm-related suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Frutos
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chantel D. Sloan
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ray M. Merrill
- Department of Public Health, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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34
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LeMonte JJ, Jolley VD, Story TM, Hopkins BG. Assessing atmospheric nitrogen losses with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy: Polymer coated urea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204090. [PMID: 30226891 PMCID: PMC6143244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although N is beneficial and essential for life, it is also a common atmospheric pollutant as nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3)—contributed largely from N fertilization. Polymer-coated urea (PCU) fertilizer is a promising controlled release fertilizer that provides improved N-release timing. Glasshouse studies were conducted to compare N2O and NH3 emissions from PCU and uncoated urea to an untreated control utilizing a non-static, non-flow-through chamber in conjunction with photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy (PAIRS) for gas collection and analysis. Three short-term 20-Day Studies with sand, sandy loam, and loam soils and a full-term 45-Day Study with loam soil were completed. Volatilization of NH3 was reduced by 72% and 22% in the sandy loam and loam soils, respectively, in two of the short-term studies and by 14% in the loam in the full-term study. Evolution of N2O was reduced by 42% and 63% in the sandy loam and loam soils of the short-term studies and by 99% in the loam soil of the full-term study. No differences were observed in the sand soil. Overall, PCU decreased gaseous losses of N following fertilization while providing a steady supply of N to the plant. Higher temporal resolution was observed with the PAIRS instrumentation as compared to what is typically reported and, as such, we recommend PAIRS analysis as a viable method for studying N gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. LeMonte
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Von D. Jolley
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Tobin M. Story
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
| | - Bryan G. Hopkins
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
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Arens DK, Brady TS, Carter JL, Pape JA, Robinson DM, Russell KA, Staley LA, Stettler JM, Tateoka OB, Townsend MH, Whitley KV, Wienclaw TM, Williamson TL, Johnson SM, Grose JH. Characterization of two related Erwinia myoviruses that are distant relatives of the PhiKZ-like Jumbo phages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200202. [PMID: 29979759 PMCID: PMC6034870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a major force in the evolution of bacteria due to their sheer abundance as well as their ability to infect and kill their hosts and to transfer genetic material. Bacteriophages that infect the Enterobacteriaceae family are of particular interest because this bacterial family contains dangerous animal and plant pathogens. Herein we report the isolation and characterization of two jumbo myovirus Erwinia phages, RisingSun and Joad, collected from apple trees. These two genomes are nearly identical with Joad harboring two additional putative gene products. Despite mass spectrometry data that support the putative annotation, 43% of their gene products have no significant BLASTP hit. These phages are also more closely related to Pseudomonas and Vibrio phages than to published Enterobacteriaceae phages. Of the 140 gene products with a BLASTP hit, 81% and 63% of the closest hits correspond to gene products from Pseudomonas and Vibrio phages, respectively. This relatedness may reflect their ecological niche, rather than the evolutionary history of their host. Despite the presence of over 800 Enterobacteriaceae phages on NCBI, the uniqueness of these two phages highlights the diversity of Enterobacteriaceae phages still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Arens
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - T. Scott Brady
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - John L. Carter
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jenny A. Pape
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - David M. Robinson
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kerri A. Russell
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Lyndsay A. Staley
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jason M. Stettler
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Olivia B. Tateoka
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Michelle H. Townsend
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kiara V. Whitley
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Trevor M. Wienclaw
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Taryn L. Williamson
- Plant and Wildlife Sciences Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Johnson
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Julianne H. Grose
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Yu J, Cheah CSL, Hart CH, Yang C. Child inhibitory control and maternal acculturation moderate effects of maternal parenting on Chinese American children's adjustment. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:1111-1123. [PMID: 29658739 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to examine: (a) bidirectional associations between maternal parenting (physical punishment and guilt induction) and Chinese American preschool children's psychosocial adjustment and (b) the role of maternal cultural orientation and child temperament in moderating parenting effects. Participants were Chinese American mothers and children (N = 163, Mage = 4.56, 53% boys). Mothers reported on their parenting practices at both Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) and their cultural orientations and children's inhibitory control at W1. Teachers rated children's prosocial, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors at both W1 and W2. A Bayesian approach to path analysis was utilized to investigate how parenting, child inhibitory control, and maternal cultural orientations work together to predict the development of children's prosociality and psychosocial problems. Results showed that for Chinese immigrant mothers who were highly acculturated toward the American culture and for children with low levels of inhibitory control, maternal use of physical punishment predicted more externalizing problems in children. Child inhibitory control and maternal enculturation were directly associated with less W2 child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Moreover, physical punishment predicted more internalizing behavior, whereas guilt induction predicted less child internalizing behavior. Maternal guilt induction also prospectively predicted more prosocial behavior but only for children with low levels of inhibitory control. Finally, only one child effect was significant: More W1 internalizing behavior predicted less W2 physical punishment. These effects held after controlling for temporal stabilities of the constructs and demographic covariates. Findings are discussed within the cultural context of the study. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | | | | | - Chongming Yang
- College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University
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Flanary KM, Johnson JB. Anal fin pigmentation in Brachyrhaphis fishes is not used for sexual mimicry. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194121. [PMID: 29554139 PMCID: PMC5858833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicry can occur in several contexts, including sexual interactions. In some cases, males mimic females to gain access to potential mates. In contrast, there are relatively few examples of species where females mimic males, and we know very little about what drives these patterns. Two hypotheses have been advanced to explain female mimicry of males. The first is that mimicry is used to reduce harassment of females by males. The second is that mimicry is used to display dominance over other females. In this study, we tested these hypotheses in Brachyrhaphis fishes, wherein females of several species have pigmentation on their anal fin of the same coloration and shape, and in the same location, as the genitalia of males. To test if female mimicry of males reduces male harassment, we experimentally manipulated female pigmentation and observed male preference for females with and without male-like pigmentation. To test the effect that female mimicry of males has on female dominance, we observed how females respond to anal fin pigmentation patterns of companion females. We found that neither of these hypotheses was supported by our data. We conclude that similarities in anal fin pigmentation between male and female Brachyrhaphis fishes is not an adaptation to reduce male harassment or to signal dominance between females. Alternative explanations must exist, including the possibility that these similarities are simply non-adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandace M. Flanary
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jerald B. Johnson
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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Talbot SL, Sage GK, Sonsthagen SA, Gravley MC, Swem T, Williams JC, Longmire JL, Ambrose S, Flamme MJ, Lewis SB, Phillips L, Anderson C, White CM. Intraspecific evolutionary relationships among peregrine falcons in western North American high latitudes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188185. [PMID: 29149202 PMCID: PMC5693296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subspecies relationships within the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) have been long debated because of the polytypic nature of melanin-based plumage characteristics used in subspecies designations and potential differentiation of local subpopulations due to philopatry. In North America, understanding the evolutionary relationships among subspecies may have been further complicated by the introduction of captive bred peregrines originating from non-native stock, as part of recovery efforts associated with mid 20th century population declines resulting from organochloride pollution. Alaska hosts all three nominal subspecies of North American peregrine falcons–F. p. tundrius, anatum, and pealei–for which distributions in Alaska are broadly associated with nesting locales within Arctic, boreal, and south coastal maritime habitats, respectively. Unlike elsewhere, populations of peregrine falcon in Alaska were not augmented by captive-bred birds during the late 20th century recovery efforts. Population genetic differentiation analyses of peregrine populations in Alaska, based on sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA control region and fragment data from microsatellite loci, failed to uncover genetic distinction between populations of peregrines occupying Arctic and boreal Alaskan locales. However, the maritime subspecies, pealei, was genetically differentiated from Arctic and boreal populations, and substructured into eastern and western populations. Levels of interpopulational gene flow between anatum and tundrius were generally higher than between pealei and either anatum or tundrius. Estimates based on both marker types revealed gene flow between augmented Canadian populations and unaugmented Alaskan populations. While we make no attempt at formal taxonomic revision, our data suggest that peregrine falcons occupying habitats in Alaska and the North Pacific coast of North America belong to two distinct regional groupings–a coastal grouping (pealei) and a boreal/Arctic grouping (currently anatum and tundrius)–each comprised of discrete populations that are variously intra-regionally connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Talbot
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - George K. Sage
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Sonsthagen
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Meg C. Gravley
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Ted Swem
- Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Williams
- Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Homer, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Longmire
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Skip Ambrose
- Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Melanie J. Flamme
- Yukon-Charley River National Preserve and Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, National Park Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Lewis
- Migratory Bird Management, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Laura Phillips
- Alaska Regional Office, National Park Service, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | | | - Clayton M. White
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
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