1
|
Elias C, Raad M, Rasoanandrasana S, Raherinandrasana AH, Andriananja V, Raberahona M, Moore CE, Randria M, Raskine L, Vanhems P, Babin FX. Implementation of an antibiotic resistance surveillance tool in Madagascar, the TSARA project: a prospective, observational, multicentre, hospital-based study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078504. [PMID: 38508637 PMCID: PMC10953040 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a significant public health threat. Without any interventions, it has been modelled that AMR will account for an estimated 10 million deaths annually by 2050, this mainly affects low/middle-income countries. AMR has a systemic negative perspective affecting the overall healthcare system down to the patient's personal outcome. In response to this issue, the WHO urged countries to provide antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs). ASPs in hospitals are a vital component of national action plans for AMR, and have been shown to significantly reduce AMR, in particular in low-income countries such as Madagascar.As part of an ASP, AMR surveillance provides essential information needed to guide medical practice. We developed an AMR surveillance tool-Technique de Surveillance Actualisée de la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens (TSARA)-with the support of the Mérieux Foundation. TSARA combines bacteriological and clinical information to provide a better understanding of the scope and the effects of AMR in Madagascar, where no such surveillance tool exists. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A prospective, observational, hospital-based study was carried out for data collection using a standardised data collection tool, called TSARA deployed in 2023 in 10 hospitals in Madagascar participating in the national Malagasy laboratory network (Réseau des Laboratoires à Madagascar (RESAMAD)). Any hospitalised patient where the clinician decided to take a bacterial sample is included. As a prospective study, individual isolate-level data and antimicrobial susceptibility information on pathogens were collected routinely from the bacteriology laboratory and compiled with clinical information retrieved from face-to-face interviews with the patient and completed using medical records where necessary. Analysis of the local ecology, resistance rates and antibiotic prescription patterns were collected. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol obtained ethical approval from the Malagasy Ethical Committee n°07-MSANP/SG/AGMED/CNPV/CERBM on 24 January 2023. Findings generated were shared with national health stakeholders, microbiologists, members of the RESAMAD network and the Malagasy academic society of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Elias
- Service Hygiène et Epidémiologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Public Health, Epidemiology & Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Diseases (PHE3ID) team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Raad
- Direction des Opérations Internationales, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Mihaja Raberahona
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Catrin E Moore
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mamy Randria
- Service de Biologie, Hôpital Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Laurent Raskine
- Direction des Opérations Internationales, Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Vanhems
- Service Hygiène et Epidémiologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Public Health, Epidemiology & Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Diseases (PHE3ID) team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bianco G, Boattini M, Comini S, Gaibani P, Cavallo R, Costa C. Performance evaluation of Bruker UMIC ® microdilution panel and disc diffusion to determine cefiderocol susceptibility in Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Burkolderia species. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:559-566. [PMID: 38240988 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cefiderocol susceptibility testing (AST) represents an open challenge for clinical microbiology. Herein, we evaluated the performance of the UMIC® Cefiderocol broth microdilution (BMD) test and disc diffusion on Gram-negative species. METHODS UMIC® Cefiderocol BMD test, disc diffusion and reference BMD were in parallel performed on a collection of 256 clinical isolates. Categorical agreement (CA), essential agreement (EA), bias, major errors (MEs) and very major errors (VMEs) were calculated for both AST methods. RESULTS The UMIC® Cefiderocol BMD strip exhibited an EA < 90% (85.5%), a CA higher than 90% (93.7%) and a low number of VMEs (n = 4, 4.2%) and MEs (n = 12, 7.4%). UMIC® Cefiderocol identified 96.2% of the resistant isolates [Enterobacterales, (39/40); P. aeruginosa (19/19); A. xylosoxidans (5/6); S. maltophilia (5/6); Burkholderia spp. (8/8)]. Disc diffusion showed a high CA (from 94.9 to 100%) regardless of disc manufacturer in Enterobacterales, P. aeuroginosa, A. baumannii and S. maltophilia. However, high rates of results falling in the area of technical uncertainty (ATU) were observed in Enterobacterales (34/90, 37.8%) and P. aeruginosa (16/40, 40%). Disc diffusion showed a poor performance in A. xylosoxidans and Burkholderia spp. if PK/PD breakpoint was used (overall, 5/9 VMEs; in contrast, the use of P. aeruginosa-specific breakpoints resulted in 100% of CA with 24.6% of results in the ATU). CONCLUSION In conclusion, disc diffusion and UMIC® Cefiderocol are valid methods for the determination of cefiderocol susceptibility. Given the high number of results in the ATU by disc diffusion, a combined use of both AST methods may represent a solution to overcome the challenge of cefiderocol susceptibility testing in routine microbiology laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Matteo Boattini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Comini
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, Carlo Urbani Hospital, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Gaibani
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, Verona University, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rudgard WE, Saminathen MG, Orkin M, Banougnin BH, Shenderovich Y, Toska E. Protective factors for adolescent sexual risk behaviours and experiences linked to HIV infection in South Africa: a three-wave longitudinal analysis of caregiving, education, food security, and social protection. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1452. [PMID: 37516833 PMCID: PMC10386676 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural interventions are endorsed to enhance biomedical and behavioural HIV prevention programmes for adolescents. Aiming to inform future interventions, we evaluated longitudinal associations between six protective factors that link closely to existing structural HIV prevention interventions, and five sexual risk behaviours for HIV transmission in a cohort of adolescents in South Africa. METHODS We used three rounds of data between 2014-2018 on 1046 adolescents living with HIV and 473 age-matched community peers in South Africa's Eastern Cape (Observations = 4402). We estimated sex-specific associations between six time-varying protective factors - number of social grants, education enrolment, days with enough food, caregiver supervision, positive caregiving, and adolescent-caregiver communication; and five HIV risk behaviours - multiple sexual partners, transactional sex, age-disparate sex, condomless sex, and sex on substances. HIV risk behaviours were analysed separately in multivariable random effects within-between logistic regression models that accounted for correlation of repeated observations on the same individual. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR), contrasting adjusted probabilities of HIV risk behaviours at 'No' and 'Yes' for education enrolment, and average and maximum values for the other five protective factors. RESULTS The sample mean age was 15.29 (SD: 3.23) years and 58% were girls. Among girls, within-individuals, increases from mean to maximum scores in positive caregiving were associated with lower probability of transactional sex (PR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.67-0.91); in caregiver supervision were associated with lower probability of transactional sex (PR = 0.75; 95%CI = 0.66-0.84), and age-disparate sex (PR = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.73-0.95); in adolescent-caregiver communication were associated with higher probability of transactional sex (PR = 1.70; 95%CI = 1.08-2.32); and in days with enough food at home were associated with lower probability of multiple sexual partners (PR = 0.89; 95%CI = 0.81-0.97), and transactional sex (PR = 0.82; 95%CI = 0.72-0.92). Change from non-enrolment in education to enrolment was associated with lower probability of age-disparate sex (PR = 0.49; 95%CI = 0.26-0.73). Between-individuals, relative to mean caregiver supervision scores, maximum scores were associated with lower probability of multiple sexual partners (PR = 0.59; 95%CI = 0.46-0.72), condomless sex (PR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.69-0.91), and sex on substances (PR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.26-0.59); and relative to non-enrolment, education enrolment was associated with lower probability of condomless sex (PR = 0.59; 95%CI = 0.39-0.78). Among boys, within-individuals, increases from mean to maximum scores in positive caregiving were associated with lower probability of transactional sex (PR = 0.77; 95%CI = 0.59-0.96), and higher probability of condomless sex (PR = 1.26; 95%CI = 1.08-1.43); in caregiver supervision were associated with lower probability of multiple sexual partners (PR = 0.73; 95%CI = 0.64-0.82), transactional sex (PR = 0.63; 95%CI = 0.50-0.76), age-disparate sex (PR = 0.67; 95%CI = 0.49-0.85), and sex on substances (PR = 0.61; 95%CI = 0.45-0.78), and in days with enough food at home were associated with lower probability of transactional sex (PR = 0.91; 95%CI = 0.84-0.98). CONCLUSION Effective structural interventions to improve food security and education enrolment among adolescent girls, and positive and supervisory caregiving among adolescent girls and boys are likely to translate into crucial reductions in sexual risk behaviours linked to HIV transmission in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E Rudgard
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2ER, UK.
- Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | | | - Mark Orkin
- MRC/Wits Development Pathways to Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Yulia Shenderovich
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elona Toska
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2ER, UK
- Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Sociology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valderrama-Rios MC, Nocua-Báez LC, Álvarez-Moreno CA, Cortes JA. Comment on: Gaps and barriers in the implementation and functioning of antimicrobial stewardship programmes: results from an educational and behavioural mixed methods needs assessment in France, the United States, Mexico and India. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad050. [PMID: 37124073 PMCID: PMC10141762 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Carolina Valderrama-Rios
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Oficina de Investigación Clínica, Calle 44 no. 59-75, Primer piso, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Cristina Nocua-Báez
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Oficina de Investigación Clínica, Calle 44 no. 59-75, Primer piso, Bogotá, Colombia
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Arturo Álvarez-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Oficina de Investigación Clínica, Calle 44 no. 59-75, Primer piso, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sang HC, Mwinzi PNM, Odiere MR, Onkanga I, Rawago F, Pillay P, Kjetland EF. Absence of lower genital tract lesions among women of reproductive age infected with Schistosoma mansoni: A cross-sectional study using a colposcope in Western Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010473. [PMID: 35802746 PMCID: PMC9299320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) constitutes four different lesions known to be caused by Schistosoma haematobium ova deposited in the genital tract. Schistosoma mansoni ova may also be found in the genital tract. However, it is not known if S. mansoni causes lower genital tract lesions characteristic of FGS.
Methodology
This study was conducted in 8 villages along the shores of Lake Victoria, western Kenya. Stool and urine samples, collected from women of reproductive age on three consecutive days, were analysed for S. mansoni and S. haematobium infection. S. mansoni positive and S. haematobium negative willing participants, aged 18–50 years were invited to answer a questionnaire (demographics, symptoms), undergo a gynaecological examination and cytology specimen collection by an FGS expert.
Principal findings
Gynaecologic investigations were conducted in 147 S. mansoni-positive women who had a mean infection intensity of 253.3 epg (95% CI: 194.8–311.9 epg). Nearly 90% of them used Lake Victoria as their main water source. None were found to have cervicovaginal grainy sandy patches or rubbery papules. Homogenous yellow patches were found in 12/147 (8.2%) women. Women with homogenous yellow patches were significantly older (47 years) than the rest (34 years, p = 0.001). No association was found between intensity of S. mansoni infection and homogenous yellow patches (p = 0.70) or abnormal blood vessels (p = 0.14). S. mansoni infection intensity was not associated with genital itch, bloody or malodorous vaginal discharge.
Conclusion
S. mansoni infection was neither associated with lower genital tract lesions nor symptoms typically found in women with FGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huldah C. Sang
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Pauline N. M. Mwinzi
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Maurice R. Odiere
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Isaac Onkanga
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Rawago
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Pavitra Pillay
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland
- Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases Ullevaal, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Discipline of Public Health, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valencia BM, Lau R, Kariyawasam R, Jara M, Ramos AP, Chantry M, Lana JT, Boggild AK, Llanos-Cuentas A. Leishmania RNA virus-1 is similarly detected among metastatic and non-metastatic phenotypes in a prospective cohort of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010162. [PMID: 35089930 PMCID: PMC8827429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is an endemic and neglected disease of South America. Here, mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) disproportionately affects up to 20% of subjects with current or previous localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). Preclinical and clinical reports have implicated the Leishmania RNA virus-1 (LRV1) as a possible determinant of progression to ML and other severe manifestations such as extensive cutaneous and mucosal disease and treatment failure and relapse. However, these associations were not consistently found in other observational studies and are exclusively based on cross-sectional designs. In the present study, 56 subjects with confirmed ATL were assessed and followed out for 24-months post-treatment. Lesion biopsy specimens were processed for molecular detection and quantification of Leishmania parasites, species identification, and LRV1 detection. Among individuals presenting LRV1 positive lesions, 40% harboured metastatic phenotypes; comparatively 58.1% of patients with LRV1 negative lesions harboured metastatic phenotypes (p = 0.299). We found treatment failure (p = 0.575) and frequency of severe metastatic phenotypes (p = 0.667) to be similarly independent of the LRV1. Parasite loads did not differ according to the LRV1 status (p = 0.330), nor did Leishmanin skin induration size (p = 0.907) or histopathologic patterns (p = 0.780). This study did not find clinical, parasitological, or immunological evidence supporting the hypothesis that LRV1 is a significant determinant of the pathobiology of ATL. The Leishmania RNA virus-1 (LRV1) has been implicated as a possible modulator agent in the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis. In-vivo and in-vitro studies have depicted specific mechanisms of how LRV1 could lead to metastasis. Clinical studies and epidemiological evidence have both supported and rejected the hypothesis that LRV1 is a relevant determinant of progression, treatment failure and clinical severity of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL). This lack of consistency between preclinical and clinical reports requires further longitudinal studies to clarify the role of LRV1 in ATL. Due to the complex nature of ATL, as other frequent human diseases, these studies should tackle multiple determinants of pathogenicity, including LRV1 status, parasite features, immune status, and prevalent comorbidities affecting individuals in endemic settings. Also, critical methodological aspects allowing for the reliable identification and quantification of LRV1 should be guaranteed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Braulio Mark Valencia
- Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachel Lau
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Marlene Jara
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Pilar Ramos
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Justin T. Lana
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrea K. Boggild
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bendezu J, Villasis E, Morales Ruiz S, Garro K, Infante B, Gutierrez-Loli R, Rodríguez P, Fernández-Díaz M, Gamboa D, Torres K. Evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum MSP10 and its development as a serological tool for the Peruvian Amazon region. Malar J 2019; 18:327. [PMID: 31547821 PMCID: PMC6757379 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different antigens are needed to characterize Plasmodium falciparum infection in terms of seroreactivity and targets for invasion inhibition, in order to guide and identify the proper use of such proteins as tools for the development of serological markers and/or as vaccine candidates. METHODS IgG responses in 84 serum samples from individuals with P. falciparum infection [classified as symptomatic (Sym) or asymptomatic (Asym)], or acute Plasmodium vivax infection, from the Peruvian Amazon region, were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays specific for a baculovirus-produced recombinant protein P. falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 10 (rMSP10) and for non-EGF region selected peptides of PfMSP10 selected by a bioinformatics tool (PfMSP10-1, PfMSP10-2 and PfMSP10-3). Monoclonal antibodies against the selected peptides were evaluated by western blotting, confocal microscopy and inhibition invasion assays. RESULTS Seroreactivity analysis of the P. falciparum Sym- and Asym-infected individuals against rMSP10 showed a higher response as compared to the individuals with P. vivax acute infection. IgG responses against peptide PfMSP10-1 were weak. Interestingly high IgG response was found against peptide PfMSP10-2 and the combination of peptides PfMSP10-1 + PfMSP10-2. Monoclonal antibodies were capable of detecting native PfMSP10 on purified schizonts by western blot and confocal microscopy. A low percentage of inhibition of merozoite invasion of erythrocytes in vitro was observed when the monoclonal antibodies were compared with the control antibody against AMA-1 antigen. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of PfMSP10 in the merozoite invasion. CONCLUSIONS The rMSP10 and the PfMSP10-2 peptide synthesized for this study may be useful antigens for evaluation of P. falciparum malaria exposure in Sym and Asym individuals from the Peruvian Amazon region. Moreover, these antigens can be used for further investigation of the role of this protein in other malaria-endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bendezu
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, FARVET, Carretera Panamericana Sur No 766 km 198.5, Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru.
| | - Elizabeth Villasis
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo "Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt-Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Sandra Morales Ruiz
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, FARVET, Carretera Panamericana Sur No 766 km 198.5, Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru
| | - Katherine Garro
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo "Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Berónica Infante
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo "Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Renzo Gutierrez-Loli
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo "Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Pamela Rodríguez
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo "Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Manolo Fernández-Díaz
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, FARVET, Carretera Panamericana Sur No 766 km 198.5, Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo "Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt-Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Katherine Torres
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo "Abraham Vaisberg Wolach, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt-Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly regulated degradative process that promotes cellular homeostasis, is increasingly recognised as a fundamental component of the cellular response against viral infection. In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy during Junín virus (JUNV) multiplication using human A549 cells. We found that JUNV infection induces an increment of the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, an accumulation of punctate pattern in RFP-LC3-transfected cells and the colocalisation of viral nucleoprotein and LC3 protein, suggesting autophagosome formation. JUNV infection also induced the degradation of the autophagy receptor p62, suggesting that complete autophagic flux was triggered. In addition, we showed that inhibition of autophagy with bafilomycin A1 or 3-methyladenine significantly reduces viral multiplication. Moreover, viral yield was increased when autophagy was induced using rapamycin. Furthermore, JUNV infection induced the colocalisation of p62, ATG16, RAB5, RAB7A and LAMP1 with the autophagosomal LC3 protein. That suggests that phagosomes undergo the maturation process during viral infection. Finally, we demonstrated that siRNA experiments targeting essential autophagy genes (ATG5, ATG7 and Beclin 1) reduce viral protein synthesis and viral yield. Overall, our results indicate that JUNV activates host autophagy machinery enhancing its multiplication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín E. Ure
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paula N. Arrías
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M. Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Murthy S, Godinho MA, Guddattu V, Lewis LES, Nair NS. Risk factors of neonatal sepsis in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215683. [PMID: 31022223 PMCID: PMC6483350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of neonatal sepsis in India is the highest in the world. Evidence regarding its risk factors can guide clinical practice and prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To review, assess and synthesize the available literature from India on the risk factors of sepsis among neonates. METHODOLOGY A systematic review was conducted. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Popline, IndMed, Indian Science Abstracts and Google Scholar from inception up to March 23, 2018 to identify observational analytical studies reporting on risk factors of laboratory-confirmed neonatal sepsis in India. Two authors independently screened studies (title, abstract and full-text stages), extracted data, and assessed quality. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed as substantial heterogeneity was anticipated. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were additionally performed. Effect size in our review included odds ratio and standardized mean difference. RESULTS Fifteen studies were included from 11,009 records, of which nine were prospective in design. Birthweight and gestational age at delivery were the most frequently reported factors. On meta-analyses, it was found that male sex (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.68), out born neonates (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 2.39, 12.49), need for artificial ventilation (OR: 5.61; 95% CI: 8.21, 41.18), gestational age <37 weeks (OR: 2.05; 95% CI:1.40, 2.99) and premature rupture of membranes (OR:11.14, 95% CI: 5.54, 22.38) emerged as risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Included studies scored lowest on exposure assessment and confounding adjustment, which limited comparability. Inadequacy and variation in definitions and methodology affected the quality of included studies and increased heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Male neonates, outborn admissions, need for artificial ventilation, gestational age <37 weeks and premature rupture of membranes are risk factors for sepsis among neonates in India. Robustly designed and reported research is urgently needed to confirm the role of other risk factors of neonatal sepsis in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Murthy
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Myron Anthony Godinho
- WHO Collaborating Centre for eHealth, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasudeva Guddattu
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Leslie Edward Simon Lewis
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology Unit, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - N. Sreekumaran Nair
- Department of Medical Biometrics & Informatics (Biostatistics), Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
dos Santos Franco L, Oliveira Vidal P, Amorim JH. In silico design of a Zika virus non-structural protein 5 aiming vaccine protection against zika and dengue in different human populations. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:88. [PMID: 29169357 PMCID: PMC5701345 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arboviruses Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) have important epidemiological impact in Brazil and other tropical regions of the world. Recently, it was shown that previous humoral immunity to DENV enhances ZIKV replication in vitro, which may lead to more severe forms of the disease. Thus, traditional approaches of vaccine development aiming to control viral infection through neutralizing antibodies may induce cross-reactive enhancing antibodies. In contrast, cellular immune response was shown to be capable of controlling DENV infection independently of antibodies. The aim of the present study was to design a flavivirus NS5 protein capable of inducing a cellular immune response against DENV and ZIKV. METHODS A consensus sequence of ZIKV NS5 protein was designed among isolates from various continents. Epitopes were predicted for the most prevalent alleles of class I and II HLA in the Brazilian population. Then, this epitopes were analyzed with regard to their conservation, population coverage and distribution along the whole antigen. RESULTS Nineteen epitopes predicted to be more reactive (percentile rank <1) and 100% conserved among ZIKV and DENV serotypes were selected. The distribution of such epitopes along the protein was shown on a three-dimensional model and population coverage was calculated for different regions of the world. The designed protein was predicted to be stable and the distribution of selected epitopes was shown to be homogeneous along domains. The population coverage of selected epitopes was higher than 50% for most of tropical areas of the world. CONCLUSION Such results indicate that the proposed antigen has the potential to induce protective cellular immune response to ZIKV and DENV in different human populations of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorrany dos Santos Franco
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras, Bahia CEP 47810-059 Brazil
| | - Paloma Oliveira Vidal
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras, Bahia CEP 47810-059 Brazil
| | - Jaime Henrique Amorim
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras, Bahia CEP 47810-059 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|