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Gonzalez V, Figueroa NR, Spampinato CP. Plant-specific environmental and developmental signals regulate the mismatch repair protein MSH6 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Sci 2024; 342:112050. [PMID: 38401766 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a postreplicative system that guarantees genomic stability by correcting mispaired and unpaired nucleotides. In eukaryotic nuclei, MMR is initiated by the binding of heterodimeric MutS homologue (MSH) complexes to the DNA error or lesion. Among these proteins, MSH2-MSH6 is the most abundant heterodimer. Even though the MMR mechanism and proteins are highly conserved throughout evolution, physiological differences between species can lead to different regulatory features. Here, we investigated how light, sugar, and/or hormones modulate Arabidopsis thaliana MSH6 expression pattern. We first characterized the promoter region of MSH6. Phylogenetic shadowing revealed three highly conserved regions. These regions were analyzed by the generation of deletion constructs of the MSH6 full-length promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Combined, our in silico and genetic analyses revealed that a 121-bp promoter fragment was necessary for MSH6 expression and contained potential cis-acting elements involved in light- and hormone-responsive gene expression. Accordingly, light exposure or sugar treatment of four-day old A. thaliana seedlings triggered an upregulation of MSH6 in shoot and root apical meristems. Appropriately, MSH6 was also induced by the stem cell inducer WUSCHEL. Further, the stimulatory effect of light was dependent on the presence of phyA. In addition, treatment of seedlings with auxin or cytokinin also caused an upregulation of MSH6 under darkness. Consistent with auxin signals, MSH6 expression was suppressed in the GATA23 RNAi line compared with the wild type. Our results provide evidence that endogenous factors and environmental signals controlling plant growth and development regulate the MSH6 protein in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gonzalez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Nicolás R Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Claudia P Spampinato
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
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Gong G, Kam H, Bai Y, Cheang WS, Wu S, Cheng X, Giesy JP, Lee SMY. 6-benzylaminopurine causes endothelial dysfunctions to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and exacerbates atorvastatin-induced cerebral hemorrhage in zebrafish. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:1258-1268. [PMID: 37929299 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), a multifunctional plant growth regulator, which is frequently used worldwide to improve qualities of various crops, is an important ingredient in production of "toxic bean sprouts." Although there is no direct evidence of adverse effects, its hazardous effects, as well as joint toxicity with other chemicals, have received particular attention and aroused furious debate between proponents and environmental regulators. By use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adverse effects of 6-BA to human-derived cells were first demonstrated in this study. A total of 25-50 mg 6-BA/L inhibited proliferation, migration, and formation of tubular-like structures by 50% in vitro. Results of Western blot analyses revealed that exposure to 6-BA differentially modulated the MAPK signal transduction pathway in HUVECs. Specifically, 6-BA decreased phosphorylation of MEK and ERK, but increased phosphorylation of JNK and P38. In addition, 6-BA exacerbated atorvastatin-induced cerebral hemorrhage via increasing hemorrhagic occurrence by 60% and areas by 4 times in zebrafish larvae. In summary, 6-BA elicited toxicity to the endothelial system of HUVECs and zebrafish. This was due, at least in part, to discoordination of MAPK signaling pathway, which should pose potential risks to the cerebral vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Gong
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hiotong Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yubin Bai
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shuilong Wu
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoning Cheng
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
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Rezaeva BR, Rutten T, Bollmann C, Ortleb S, Melzer M, Kumlehn J. Plant Regeneration via Adventitious Shoot Formation from Immature Zygotic Embryo Explants of Camelina. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:465. [PMID: 38498454 PMCID: PMC10892543 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Camelina is an oil seed crop that is enjoying increasing interest because it has a particularly valuable fatty acid profile, is modest regarding its water and nutrient requirements, and is comparatively resilient to abiotic and biotic stress factors. The regeneration of plants from cells accessible to genetic manipulation is an essential prerequisite for the generation of genetically engineered plants, be it by transgenesis or genome editing. Here, immature embryos were used on the assumption that their incomplete differentiation was associated with totipotency. In culture, regenerative structures appeared adventitiously at the embryos' hypocotyls. For this, the application of auxin- or cytokinin-type growth regulators was essential. The formation of regenerative structures was most efficient when indole-3-acetic acid was added to the induction medium at 1 mg/L, zygotic embryos of the medium walking stick stage were used, and their hypocotyls were stimulated by pricking to a wound response. Histological examinations revealed that the formation of adventitious shoots was initiated by locally activated cell division and proliferation in the epidermis and the outer cortex of the hypocotyl. While the regeneration of plants was established in principle using the experimental line Cam139, the method proved to be similarly applicable to the current cultivar Ligena, and hence it constitutes a vital basis for future genetic engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barno Ruzimurodovna Rezaeva
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany; (B.R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Twan Rutten
- Structural Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany; (T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Carola Bollmann
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany; (B.R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefan Ortleb
- Assimilate Allocation and NMR, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany;
| | - Michael Melzer
- Structural Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany; (T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Plant Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Seeland, Germany; (B.R.R.); (C.B.)
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Quan Q, Liu Z, Li Z, Pan K, Koidis A, Lei Y, Yu X, Mo Q, Huang X, Lei H. Authenticatin g Emergent Adulterant 6-Benzylaminopurine in Bean Sprouts: Virtual Hapten Similarity Enhanced Immunoassay. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:8203-8210. [PMID: 37199564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), a plant growth regulator with cytokinin-like properties, was recently reported to be illegally used in bean sprouts to increase their commercial appearance. It is still nevertheless challenging to quickly detect this adulteration. In this work, four novel haptens (haptens 1-4) of 6-BA were rationally designed with computer-assisted modeling analysis and then synthesized for use as immunizing haptens to produce antibodies. One of two obtained antibodies showed high sensitivity and specificity toward 6-BA. Based on the most sensitive anti-6-BA antibody, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was performed, which demonstrated a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 1.18 μg/L and a limit of detection of 0.075 μg/L. The average recoveries of this icELISA for 6-BA of spiked samples ranged from 87.2 to 95.0% with a coefficient of variation of less than 8.7%. Furthermore, the blind samples were detected simultaneously by the method and HPLC-MS/MS, and the results showed good agreement with each other. Therefore, the proposed icELISA can facilitate the rapid surveillance screening of adulterated 6-BA in sprout vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kangliang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Anastasios Koidis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DJ, U.K
| | - Yi Lei
- Guangdong Institute of Food Inspection, Guangzhou 510435, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Sichuan Institute of Food Inspection, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Qiuhua Mo
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co,. Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Xinan Huang
- Tropical Medicine Institute and South China Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Licheng Detection and Certification Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
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Yasmin S, Hasan J, Hossain S, Saha S, Khatun F. Auxin and cytokinin synergism in micropropagation for mass production of Aloe vera. BioTechnologia (Pozn) 2022; 103:301-10. [PMID: 36605820 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2022.118672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera [Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.] is considered a valuable medicinal plant worldwide due to its remarkable beneficial effects on human health. However, challenges in A. vera propagation hinder meeting the increasing demand in the health and beauty sectors. As an alternative method, in vitro propagation is crucial for the mass production of Aloe plants, which is a rapid method as well. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish an efficient micropropagation protocol for A. vera by in vitro optimization of the effect of different plant growth regulators (PGRs). For shoot proliferation, sterilized explants were inoculated on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/l) in combination with 0.5 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Subsequently, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/l) was used for root induction. It was found that the explants cultured on the MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA showed the highest percentage of response (90 ± 1.29) for shoot induction within the minimum number of days (5 ± 0.33). The highest number of shoots (2.7 ± 0.36) and length of shoots (4.7 ± 0.42 cm) per explant were also observed with the same concentration of PGRs. However, the highest number of roots (3.2 ± 0.57), length of roots (5.67 ± 0.21 cm), and root induction (80 ± 1.97 %) were noticed within the minimum number of days (11 ± 0.79) on the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA. Thus, the proposed method is a quick and effective approach for the mass propagation of A. vera with appropriate dosages of auxins and cytokinins, which may allow meeting the increasing commercial demand.
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Gharari Z, Bagheri K, Sharafi A. High-frequency adventitious shoot organogenesis from in vitro stem explants of Scutellaria araxensis Grossh. BioTechnologia (Pozn) 2022; 103:143-51. [PMID: 36606069 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2022.116208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study introduced an in vitro shoot organogenesis protocol for the medicinal plant Scutellaria araxensis (Lamiaceae). Stem, leaf, and petiole explants were cultured in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with thidiazuron (TDZ), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or α-naphthalene acetic acid. Callus formation occurred from stem and petiole explants in most cultures; however, in leaf explants, it was observed only in cultures containing 0.5 mg/l BAP supplemented with TDZ at all concentrations. The highest frequency of indirect shoot induction (100 and 90%) with an average of 20.33 and 12 shoots per explant was observed in stem-derived calli cultured on half-strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BAP plus 0.5 and 1.5 mg/l TDZ, respectively. The best direct shoot organogenesis (40%) was observed in stem explants cultured on half-strength MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IBA with a mean of 18 shoots per stem explant. The regenerated micro-shoots were elongated on a medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid and then successfully rooted in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA. The obtained plantlets were acclimatized in a growth chamber with a survival rate of 100%. This study is the first report of a simple and efficient in vitro shoot organogenesis and regeneration protocol for S. araxensis by using stem explants, which could be useful for the conservation, genetic manipulation, and exploitation of biological molecules of this valuable genetic source.
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Gu Y, Chen Y, Yue X, Xiong P, Pan D, Song P, Luo B. LF-NMR/MRI Determination of Different 6-Benzylaminopurine Concentrations and Their Effects on Soybean Moisture. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:885804. [PMID: 35519819 PMCID: PMC9062517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.885804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to clarify the distribution and dynamics of water in the Xudou 20 soybean cultivar post-germination after culturing plants with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging (LF-NMR/MRI), as well as principal component analysis (PCA), were used for the investigation. Results showed that low concentrations of 6-BA promoted soybean germination and high concentrations inhibited soybean germination, with 5 mg/l of 6-BA producing the most optimal conditions for growth. Moreover, the T 22 determination of weakly bound water increased with increasing 6-BA concentration, and the PCA effectively distinguished soybeans cultured at different 6-BA concentrations. This study provides a method for the rapid detection of 6-BA concentration in bean sprouts and provides theoretical support and bean sprout quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Yue
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dayu Pan
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Research Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sameena PP, Kalaji HM, Żuk-Gołaszewska K, Horaczek T, Sierka E, Puthur JT. 6-Benzylaminopurine Alleviates the Impact of Cu2+ Toxicity on Photosynthetic Performance of Ricinus communis L. Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413349. [PMID: 34948146 PMCID: PMC8709281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element involved in various metabolic processes in plants, but at concentrations above the threshold level, it becomes a potential stress factor. The effects of two different cytokinins, kinetin (KIN) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, stomatal responses and antioxidation mechanisms in castor (Ricinus communis L.) under Cu2+ toxicity was investigated. Ricinus communis plants were exposed to 80 and 160 μM CuSO4 added to the growth medium. Foliar spraying of 15 μM KIN and BAP was carried out on these seedlings. The application of these cytokinins enhanced the tissue water status, chlorophyll contents, stomatal opening and photosynthetic efficiency in the castor plants subjected to Cu2+ stress. The fluorescence parameters, such as Fm, Fv/Fo, Sm, photochemical and non-photochemical quantum yields, energy absorbed, energy trapped and electron transport per cross-sections, were more efficiently modulated by BAP application than KIN under Cu2+ toxicity. There was also effective alleviation of reactive oxygen species by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidation systems, reducing the membrane lipid peroxidation, which brought about a relative enhancement in the membrane stability index. Of the various treatments, 80 µM CuSO4 + BAP recorded the highest increase in photosynthetic efficiency compared to other cytokinin treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that BAP could effectively alleviate the detrimental effects of Cu2+toxicity in cotyledonary leaves of R. communis by effectively modulating stomatal responses and antioxidation mechanisms, thereby enhancing the photosynthetic apparatus’ functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthukkolli P. Sameena
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram 673635, Kerala, India;
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
- Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Horaczek
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Edyta Sierka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jos T. Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram 673635, Kerala, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-94-4750-7845
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Yang M, Huang J, Zhang S, Zhao X, Feng D, Feng X. Melatonin mitigated circadian disruption and cardiovascular toxicity caused by 6-benzylaminopurine exposure in zebrafish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 223:112555. [PMID: 34332249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a highly effective plant hormone, the overuse of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) may pose potential threats to organisms and the environment. Melatonin is widely known for its regulation of sleep rhythm, and it also shows a beneficial effect in a variety of adverse situations. In order to investigate the harm of 6-BA to vertebrates and whether melatonin can reverse the toxicity induced by 6-BA, we analyzed the circadian rhythm and cardiovascular system of zebrafish, and further clarified the role of the thyroid endocrine system. The exposure of well-developed embryos started at 2 hpf, then 6-BA and/or melatonin were carried out. The results indicated that 6-BA disturbed the rhythmic activities of the larvae, increased wakefulness, correspondingly reduced their rest, and induced disrupted clock gene expression. Video analysis and qRT-PCR data found that zebrafish under 6-BA exposure showed obvious cardiovascular morphological abnormalities and dysfunction, and the mRNA levels of cardiovascular-related genes (nkx2.5, gata4, myl7, vegfaa and vegfab) were significantly down-regulated. In addition, altered thyroid hormone content and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis-related gene expression were also clearly observed. 1umol/L of melatonin had little effect on zebrafish, but its addition could significantly alleviate the circadian disturbance and cardiovascular toxicity caused by 6-BA, and simultaneously played a regulatory role in thyroid system. Our research revealed the adverse effects of 6-BA on zebrafish larvae and the protective role of melatonin in circadian rhythm, cardiovascular and thyroid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Daofu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154 Anshan Road, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xizeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Villegas-Sánchez E, Macías-Alonso M, Osegueda-Robles S, Herrera-Isidrón L, Nuñez-Palenius H, González-Marrero J. In Vitro Culture of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in a Temporary Immersion System: Influence of Two Phytohormones on Plant Growth and Carnosol Production. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080747. [PMID: 34451844 PMCID: PMC8398425 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases have become a major global problem with public health and economic consequences. It is an urgent need to develop new anti-infective therapies. The natural diterpene carnosol exhibit a wide variety of interesting antibacterial and antiviral properties, and it is considered a theoretical inhibitor of COVID-19 Mpro. However, this compound is present in the family Lamiaceae in low quantities. To obtain carnosol in concentrations high enough to develop pharmacological studies, we evaluated the efficiency of a micropropagation protocol of Rosmarinus officinalis using a solid medium and a temporary immersion system (TIS), as well as the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the growth of shoots. Moreover, we developed and validated an analytical method to quantify carnosol using the H-point standard additions method in the high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). After 30 days of culture, TIS produced the maximum number of shoots per explant (24.33 ± 1.15) on a liquid medium supplemented with 6-BAP at 5.0 mg L−1. Next, we also evaluated the effect of immersion time and frequency for TIS. After 72 days of culture, the best results were obtained with an immersion cycle of 1 min every 12 h, yielding 170.33 ± 29.40 shoots. The quantification of carnosol on the samples was performed at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min−1 using binary isocratic mobile phase system 60:40 (v/v) 10 mM formic acid (pH 3.0) (A) and acetonitrile (B) on a reverse-phase column. The content of carnosol in the in vitro cultures was around 8-fold higher than in the wild plant. The present study represents an efficient alternative method to obtain carnosol for its pre-clinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Villegas-Sánchez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Mexico; (E.V.-S.); (M.M.-A.); (S.O.-R.); (L.H.-I.)
| | - Mariana Macías-Alonso
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Mexico; (E.V.-S.); (M.M.-A.); (S.O.-R.); (L.H.-I.)
| | - Soraya Osegueda-Robles
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Mexico; (E.V.-S.); (M.M.-A.); (S.O.-R.); (L.H.-I.)
| | - Lisset Herrera-Isidrón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Mexico; (E.V.-S.); (M.M.-A.); (S.O.-R.); (L.H.-I.)
| | - Hector Nuñez-Palenius
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex-Hacienda El Copal. Km. 9 Carr. Irapuato-Silao, Irapuato 36824, Mexico;
| | - Joaquín González-Marrero
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, Silao 36275, Mexico; (E.V.-S.); (M.M.-A.); (S.O.-R.); (L.H.-I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5729-6000
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Khadr A, Wang YH, Zhang RR, Wang XR, Xu ZS, Xiong AS. Cytokinin ( 6-benzylaminopurine) elevates lignification and the expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis of carrot. Protoplasma 2020; 257:1507-1517. [PMID: 32577829 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carrot is a root crop consumed worldwide and has great nutritional qualities. It is considered as one of the ten most important vegetable crops. Cytokinins are an essential class of the plant hormones that regulate many processes of plant growth. Till now, the effects of cytokinin, BAP, on lignin biosynthesis and related gene expression profiles in carrot taproot is unclear. In order to investigate the effect of applied BAP on lignin-related gene expression profiles, lignin accumulation, anatomical structures, and morphological characters in carrot taproots. Carrot roots were treated with different concentrations of BAP (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L-1). The results showed that the application of BAP significantly increased plant length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and taproot diameter. In addition, BAP at 20 mg L-1 or 30 mg L-1 enhanced the average number of petioles. BAP treatment led to increased number and width of xylem vessels. The parenchyma cell numbers of pith were significantly induced in taproots treated with the BAP at a concentration of 30 mg L-1. BAP significantly upregulated most of the expression levels of lignin biosynthesis genes, caused elevated lignin accumulation in carrot taproots. Our results indicate that BAP may play important roles in growth development and lignification in carrot taproots. Our results provide a valuable database for more studies, which may focus on the regulation of root lignification via controlling cytokinin levels in carrot taproots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khadr
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Gad D, Elhaak M, Pompa A, Mattar M, Zayed M, Fraternale D, Dietz KJ. A New Strategy to Increase Production of Genoprotective Bioactive Molecules from Cotyledon-Derived Silybum marianum L. Callus. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E791. [PMID: 32674373 PMCID: PMC7396986 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to enhance the production of bioactive secondary metabolites and to establish new production systems, e.g., for liver-protective compounds of Silybum marianum seeds. Quantifying and identifying the produced phytochemicals, and examining their protective effects against genotoxic agents, is of great interest. This study established a protocol for the qualitative and quantitative production of hepatoprotective compounds in cotyledon-derived Silybum marianum callus through optimized supplementation of the MS medium with the growth regulators 2,4-D, benzylaminopurine, myoinositol, and asparagine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) allowed for identification and quantification of the produced compounds. None of the growth medium combinations supported a detectable production of silymarin. Instead, the generated calli accumulated phenolic acids, in particular chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid, as revealed by HPLC and mass spectrometric analysis. 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) was employed in the AMES-test with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 because it is a potent mutagen for this strain. Results revealed that callus extract had a high anti-genotoxic activity with respect to standard silymarin but more evident with respect seed extract. The callus produced chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid, which revealed higher bioactivity than silymarin. Both compounds were not formed or could not be detected in the seeds of Silybum marianum Egyptian ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Gad
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology W5, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mahmoud Elhaak
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via Donato Bramante, 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
| | - Magdy Mattar
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohamed Zayed
- Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt; (M.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” Via Donato Bramante, 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology W5, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Goulet MC, Gaudreau L, Gagné M, Maltais AM, Laliberté AC, Éthier G, Bechtold N, Martel M, D’Aoust MA, Gosselin A, Pepin S, Michaud D. Production of Biopharmaceuticals in Nicotiana benthamiana-Axillary Stem Growth as a Key Determinant of Total Protein Yield. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31244869 PMCID: PMC6579815 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Data are scarce about the influence of basic cultural conditions on growth patterns and overall performance of plants used as heterologous production hosts for protein pharmaceuticals. Higher plants are complex organisms with young, mature, and senescing organs that show distinct metabolic backgrounds and differ in their ability to sustain foreign protein expression and accumulation. Here, we used the transient protein expression host Nicotiana benthamiana as a model to map the accumulation profile of influenza virus hemagglutinin H1, a clinically promising vaccine antigen, at the whole plant scale. Greenhouse-grown plants submitted to different light regimes, submitted to apical bud pruning, or treated with the axillary growth-promoting cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine were vacuum-infiltrated with agrobacteria harboring a DNA sequence for H1 and allowed to express the viral antigen for 7 days in growth chamber under similar environmental conditions. Our data highlight the importance of young leaves on H1 yield per plant, unlike older leaves which account for a significant part of the plant biomass but contribute little to total antigen titer. Our data also highlight the key contribution of axillary stem leaves, which contribute more than 50% of total yield under certain conditions despite representing only one-third of the total biomass. These findings underline the relevance of both considering main stem leaves and axillary stem leaves while modeling heterologous protein production in N. benthamiana. They also demonstrate the potential of exogenously applied growth-promoting hormones to modulate host plant architecture for improvement of protein yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Goulet
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Linda Gaudreau
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marielle Gagné
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Maltais
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ann-Catherine Laliberté
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Gilbert Éthier
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - André Gosselin
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Steeve Pepin
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Michaud
- Centre de recherche et d’innovation sur les végétaux, Faculté des Sciences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Yu XJ, Chen H, Huang CY, Zhu XY, Wang ZP, Wang DS, Liu XY, Sun J, Zheng JY, Li HJ, Wang Z. Transcriptomic Mechanism of the Phytohormone 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) Stimulating Lipid and DHA Synthesis in Aurantiochytrium sp. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:5560-5570. [PMID: 30901205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) significantly improves lipid synthesis of oleaginous microorganisms with the great potential applied in lipid production. In the current study, the lipid and DHA productions in oleaginous Aurantiochytrium sp. were found to be improved by 48.7% and 55.3%, respectively, induced by 6-BAP treatments. Then, using high-throughput RNA-seq technology, the overall de novo assembly of the cDNA sequence data generated 53871 unigenes, and 15902 of these were annotated in at least one database. The comparative transcriptomic profiles of cells with and without 6-BAP treatments revealed that a total of 717 were differently expressed genes (DE), with 472 upregulated and 245 downregulated. Further annotation and categorization indicated that some DE genes were involved in pathways crucial to lipid and DHA productions, such as fatty acid synthesis, central carbon metabolism, transcriptional factor, signal transduction, and mevalonate pathway. A regulation mode of 6-BAP, in turn, perception and transduction of 6-BAP signal, transcription factor, expression regulations of the downstream genes, and metabolic changes, respectively, was put forward for the first time in the present study. This research illuminates the transcriptomic mechanism of phytohormone stimulation of lipid and DHA production in an oleaginous microorganism and provides the potential targets modified using genetic engineering for improving lipid and DHA productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , No. 18, Chaowang Road , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , No. 18, Chaowang Road , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , No. 18, Chaowang Road , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , No. 18, Chaowang Road , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Biological Resources , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330096 , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , No. 18, Chaowang Road , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , No. 18, Chaowang Road , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Juan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266590 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , No. 18, Chaowang Road , Hangzhou 310014 , People's Republic of China
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Samea-Andabjadid S, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Nasrollahzadeh S, Najafi N. Exogenous salicylic acid and cytokinin alter sugar accumulation, antioxidants and membrane stability of faba bean. Acta Biol Hung 2018; 69:86-96. [PMID: 29575914 DOI: 10.1556/018.68.2018.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This research was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the effects of exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) (1 mM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (50 μM) on physiological performance of faba bean (Vicia faba) under different levels of NaCl salinity (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m). The experiment was arranged as factorial on the bases of randomized complete block design in three replications. Leaf Na+ content, root and leaf soluble sugars, antioxidant enzymes activities such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation increased, but K+, K+/Na+ and membrane stability index (MSI) decreased as a result of salt stress. However, foliar sprays of BAP and particularly SA reduced Na+ content and lipid peroxidation, while enhanced the K+ content, K+/Na+, soluble sugars, antioxidant enzymes activities and MSI under different levels of salinity. It was, therefore, concluded that exogenous application of these growth regulators (GR) can considerably improve salt tolerance and physiological performance of faba bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Samea-Andabjadid
- Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani
- Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Najafi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Abstract
Background: Argyreia nervosa commonly known as elephant creeper (English) and Vṛddhadāruka (Sanskrit) is a woody climber that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Seeds of this plant contain hallucinogens including ergot alkaloids and a naturally occurring lysergic acid amide. Traditionally the plant is used in the treatment of gonorrhea, strangury, chronic ulcers, diabetes, anemia and cerebral disorders. The plant is also used as appetitiser, brain tonic, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac. It possesses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. Objective: To give an account of information on in vitro regeneration and phytochemical analysis of the plant. Materials and Methods: Nodal explants were selected for in vitro regeneration. Different aerial parts viz., seeds, natural and in vitro leaf, stem and callus were dried and extracted with different solvents and were subjected to various phytochemical analyses. Results: Different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine showed shoot and root initiation. The study of phytochemical screening of different extracts showed the presence of bioactive substances like flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc. Conclusion: The study will provide an efficient in vitro protocol for micropropagation as an alternative method to conserve the plant and shows the presence of some important secondary metabolites in the nature grown and in vitro raised plants which can be useful for treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jyoti Bharati
- Department of Bioscience, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Bansal
- Department of Bioscience, Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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17
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Lukatkin A, Egorova I, Michailova I, Malec P, Strzałka K. Effect of copper on pro- and antioxidative reactions in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) in vitro and in vivo. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:80-6. [PMID: 24315386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of superoxide radicals, lipid peroxidation (as measured by malone dialdehyde formation) and the activity of selected antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) were assessed in radish (Raphanus sativus L.), in response to elevated concentrations of copper ions in the culture medium in vitro and in vivo. Experiments were performed on 7-day-old seedlings and 5-week-old calluses grown on media supplemented with CuSO4 in concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000μМ. The exposure to elevated Cu concentrations in the medium significantly reduced both callogenesis and the proliferation of radish calluses in vitro. Cu treatment resulted in the increased generation of the superoxide radical (O2(-)) in radish seedlings and calluses indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress in radish cells, whereas the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) remained unchanged. Both in calluses and in radish seedlings in vivo, the relative level of oxidative stress was maximal at micromolar Cu concentrations and became attenuated with increasing Cu concentrations. Stronger oxidative stress occurred in the radish seedlings in vivo, compared with radish calluses in vitro. The observed lower sensitivity of calluses to Cu-induced oxidative stress and their ability to proliferate upon exposure to Cu concentrations of up to 1000μМ demonstrate the potential of in vitro cell-selection to obtain metal-tolerant radish plant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lukatkin
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, N.P. Ogarjov Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaja Str. 68, 430005 Saransk, Russia.
| | - Irina Egorova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, N.P. Ogarjov Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaja Str. 68, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Irina Michailova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, N.P. Ogarjov Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaja Str. 68, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Przemysław Malec
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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18
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Di Cori P, Lucioli S, Frattarelli A, Nota P, Tel-Or E, Benyamini E, Gottlieb H, Caboni E, Forni C. Characterization of the response of in vitro cultured Myrtus communis L. plants to high concentrations of NaCl. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 73:420-426. [PMID: 24239614 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Effect of salt stress was examined in in vitro shoot cultures of Myrtus communis L. a species of the Mediterranean maquis. To determine the effects of high salt concentrations on myrtle plantlets and contribute toward understanding the mechanisms adopted from this species to counteract soil salinity, in vitro rooted shoots were transferred to a liquid culture medium containing 0, 125 or 250 mM NaCl for 30 days. After 15 and 30 days of in vitro culture, shoot and root growth, chlorosis and necrosis extension, chlorophylls, carotenoids, proline, arginine, cysteine and total sugars content, as well as guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) activities were determined. In treated plants shoot and root growth, as well as chlorophyll content, significantly decreased, while carotenoids content was not affected by the NaCl treatment. Among osmolytes, proline did not significantly increase, arginine and cysteine decreased, while total sugars were found to be higher in the treated plants than in the control. Enhancement of G-POD and APX activities was positively related to increasing salt concentrations in the culture media, regardless of the exposure time. Salt-treated plants did not show significant changes in lipid peroxidation or DNA fragmentation after 30 days salt treatment, regardless of the NaCl concentrations applied. The results represent a contribution towards understanding the mechanisms adopted by this species to high salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Cori
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Shah ST, Pang C, Fan S, Song M, Arain S, Yu S. Isolation and expression profiling of GhNAC transcription factor genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during leaf senescence and in response to stresses. Gene 2013; 531:220-34. [PMID: 24036432 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) is a plant-specific transcription factor family with diverse roles in plant development and stress regulation. In this report, stress-responsive NAC genes (GhNAC8-GhNAC17) isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were characterised in the context of leaf senescence and stress tolerance. The characterisation of NAC genes during leaf senescence has not yet been reported for cotton. Based on the sequence characterisation, these GhNACs could be classified into three groups belonging to three known NAC sub-families. Their predicted amino acid sequences exhibited similarities to NAC genes from other plant species. Senescent leaves were the sites of maximum expression for all GhNAC genes except GhNAC10 and GhNAC13, which showed maximum expression in fibres, collected from 25 days post anthesis (DPA) plants. The ten GhNAC genes displayed differential expression patterns and levels during natural and induced leaf senescence. Quantitative RT-PCR and promoter analyses suggest that these genes are induced by ABA, ethylene, drought, salinity, cold, heat, and other hormonal treatments. These results support a role for cotton GhNAC genes in transcriptional regulation of leaf senescence, stress tolerance and other developmental stages of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Tariq Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China; Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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20
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Cambrollé J, García JL, Ocete R, Figueroa ME, Cantos M. Growth and photosynthetic responses to copper in wild grapevine. Chemosphere 2013; 93:294-301. [PMID: 23746388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the tolerance and accumulation potential of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0-23mmolL(-1)) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also measured the total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium concentrations in the plant tissues. All the experimental plants survived even with external Cu concentrations as high as 23mmolL(-1) (1500mg Cu L(-1)), although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 35%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a reduction in net photosynthesis, which may be related to the effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris survived with leaf Cu concentrations as high as 80mgkg(-1) DW and growth parameters were unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations of 35mg Cu kg(-1) DW. The results of our study indicate that plants of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from the studied population are more tolerant to Cu than the commercial varieties of grapevine that have been studied in the literature, and could constitute a basis for the genetic improvement of Cu tolerance in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cambrollé
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (C.S.I.C.), P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
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Lü J, Chen R, Zhang M, da Silva JAT, Ma G. Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis from immature cotyledons of Camellia nitidissima Chi. J Plant Physiol 2013; 170:1202-11. [PMID: 23790533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Camellia nitidissima Chi (Theaceae) is a world-famous economic and ornamental plant with golden-yellow flowers. It has been classified as one of the rarest and most endangered plants in China. Our objective was to induce somatic embryogenesis, shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration for C. nitidissima. Three types of callus (whitish, reddish and yellowish) were induced from immature cotyledons on improved woody plant medium (WPM) with different plant growth regulators (PGRs). Among the callus, whitish callus was induced by 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and reddish and yellowish callus were induced by strongly active cytokinins, thidiazuron (TDZ) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), singly or combined with weakly active auxin, α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The embryogenic callus could differentiate into somatic embryos, nodular embryogenic structures (large embryo-like structures) or adventitious shoots depending on the PGR used in WPM. BAP was best for adventitious buds and zeatin was best for somatic embryogenesis while kinetin (Kt) was best for the formation of nodular embryogenic structures. The three regeneration pathways often occurred in the same embryogenic callus clumps. Most shoots (80.0%) developed roots in WPM supplemented with 24.6 μM IBA and 0.3 μM NAA while 47.5% of somatic embryos could germinate directly and develop into plantlets on induction medium supplemented with 0.9 μM BAP and 0.1 μM NAA. The nodular embryogenic structures could be sub-cultured and cyclically developed in one of two differentiation pathways: shoot organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Plantlets derived from shoot buds rooted and somatic embryos germinated when transplanted into soil in a greenhouse; 66.7% of plantlets from shoot culture and 78.6% of plantlets from somatic embryos survived after 8 weeks' acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Lü
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
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Yadav K, Aggarwal A, Singh N. Evaluation of genetic fidelity among micropropagated plants of Gloriosa superba L. using DNA-based markers--a potential medicinal plant. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:265-70. [PMID: 23811099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Malabar glory lily (Gloriosa superba L.) is a medicinally potent plant species used for the production of alkaloid colchicine. With ever increasing demand, there is a pressing need to conserve it through biotechnological approaches. A large number of complete plantlets were obtained by direct regeneration from the non-dormant tuber explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)+0.5 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Large number of plants can be produced in vitro under aseptic conditions, but there is always a danger of producing somaclonal variants by tissue culture technology. Thus, the genetic stability of micropropagated clones was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. During the study a total of 80 (50 RAPD and 30 ISSR) primers were screened, out of which 10 RAPD and 7 ISSR primers produced a total of 98 (49 RAPD and 49 ISSR) clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons. The amplification products of the regenerated plants showed similar banding patterns to that of the mother plant thus demonstrating the homogeneity of the micropropagated plants. This is the first report that evaluates the use of genetic markers to establish genetic fidelity of micropropagated G. superba using RAPD and ISSR, which can be successfully applied for the mass multiplication, germplasm conservation and further genetic transformation assays for colchicine production to meet the ever increasing demand of this medicinally potent plant for industrial and pharmaceutical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Yadav
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Haryana 136119, India
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Abstract
Citrus jambhiri Lush. (family Rutaceae), commonly known as 'rough lemon', is one of the favourite rootstocks for lemons, oranges, mandarins, grape fruits and kinnows in Punjab. The present investigation deals with development of an efficient miropropagation protocol for Citrus jambhiri Lush. using cotyledons as explant. Maximum callus induction (91.66 %) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg/L) in combination with ME (500 mg/L). Green healthy calli were cut into small pieces and cultured on MS medium for regeneration. Maximum shoot regeneration (87.50 %) was observed with BA (3 mg/L). Effect of increasing age of callus was also studied which showed that callus retained regeneration capacity (58.33 %) even after 420 days of culture. Regenerated shoots were separated out and cultured on rooting medium. Maximum rooting response (91.67 %) was observed on half strength MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/L). After hardening and acclimatization the plantlet were transferred to the field and showed 67 % survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder Singh
- />Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh Virk
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
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Krishna G, Sairam Reddy P, Anoop Nair N, Ramteke PW, Bhattacharya PS. In vitro direct shoot regeneration from proximal, middle and distal segment of Coleus forskohlii leaf explants. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2010; 16:195-200. [PMID: 23572969 PMCID: PMC3550600 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-010-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coleus forskohlii is an endangered multipurpose medicinal plant that has widespread applications. In spite of this, there have been few attempts to propagate its cultivation in India. The present communication presents an in vitro rapid regeneration method using leaf explants of Coleus forskohlii through direct organogenesis. Leaf explants that were excised into three different segments i.e. proximal (P), middle (M) and distal (D) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with cytokinins. MS Media containing 5.0 mg L(-1) BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) promoted regeneration of multiple shoots through direct organogenesis from the leaf, which were further elongated on MS media augmented with 0.1 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L(-1) IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid), cytokinin and auxin combination. Regenerated and elongated shoots, when transferred to ose resulted in profuse rooting plants that were transferred to soil after acclimatization and maintained in a green house. The current protocol offers a direct, mass propagation method bypassing the callus phase of C. forskohlii and is suitable for conservation, large-scale commercial cultivation, and genetic transformation with agronomically desirable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Krishna
- />College of Biotechnology & Allied Sciences, Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad, 211 007 UP India
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-177, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
| | - P. Sairam Reddy
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-177, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
| | - N. Anoop Nair
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana, 47906 USA
| | - P. W. Ramteke
- />College of Biotechnology & Allied Sciences, Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad, 211 007 UP India
| | - P. S. Bhattacharya
- />Biotechnology Division, JK Agri Genetics Ltd., 1-10-177, 4th Floor, Varun Towers, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500 016 AP India
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Liu F, Jensen CR, Andersen MN. Pod set related to photosynthetic rate and endogenous ABA in soybeans subjected to different water regimes and exogenous ABA and BA at early reproductive stages. Ann Bot 2004; 94:405-11. [PMID: 15286011 PMCID: PMC4242182 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The physiological reasons for reduced pod set in soybean (Glycine max) caused by drought during anthesis are not established. The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of photosynthetic rate (A), pod endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and exogenously applied ABA and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in regulating pod set in soybean during drought. METHODS Two pot experiments were done in a controlled-environment glasshouse. In expt I, soybeans were either well-watered (WW) or droughted by withholding water from 4 d before to 4 d after anthesis (DAA). In expt II, soybeans were drought-stressed (DS) from -4 to 4 DAA. From -2 to 4 DAA, some of the WW and DS plants were treated with 0.1 mm ABA or 1 mm BA. KEY RESULTS Drought stress decreased A, but increased pod ABA concentration ([ABA]). Pod set decreased only when A had decreased by 40 %, and pod [ABA] had increased 1.5-fold. Beyond the thresholds, pod set correlated positively with A and negatively with pod [ABA]. Exogenously applied ABA decreased A and pod set in WW plants, whilst it increased A and pod set in DS plants; exogenous BA had opposite effects. In these plants, pod set correlated linearly with A. CONCLUSIONS Drought-induced decrease in A is significant in inducing pod abortion, probably as a consequence of carbohydrate deprivation. The effects of ABA and BA on pod set may be partially due to their effects on photosynthate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulai Liu
- The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Højbakkegaard Allé 9, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
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Shizukawa Y, Mii M. A simple and efficient plant regeneration system for leaf protoplasts ofNierembergia repens by inducing single shoots on the microcolonies. Plant Cell Rep 1997; 16:545-549. [PMID: 30727576 DOI: 10.1007/bf01142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/1996] [Revised: 12/10/1996] [Accepted: 12/31/1996] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol for plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts ofNierembergia repens is described. The protoplasts divided in modified half-strength MS (/12 MS) medium containing benzylaminopurine (BA) and a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and formed visible colonies after 2 weeks which produced single adventitious shoots 4 weeks later. Plating efficiency (11.2%), percent colony formation (0.84%), and the number of shoot-forming colonies (368/dish) were highest in /12 MS containing 0.1 mg/l BA and 0.05 mg/l NAA. However, the percentage of colonies with shoot formation was highest (31.8%) in /12 containing 0.05 mg/l BA and 0.01 mg/l NAA. Almost all of the remaining colonies (97.5%) also regenerated shoots upon transfer onto MS medium containing 0.05 mg/l BA. The shoots with 2-3 leaves readily rooted 3-5 days after insertion in /12MS lacking plant growth regulators. Regenerated plantlets were easily established in soil 50 days after protoplast isolation. All the regenerants were normal and possessed diploid chromosome numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shizukawa
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, 271, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Mii
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, 271, Chiba, Japan
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