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Ibrahim C, Hammami S, Khelifi N, Pothier P, Hassen A. Activated sludge and UV-C 254 for Sapovirus, Aichivirus, Astrovirus, and Adenovirus processing. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:1995-2014. [PMID: 37086061 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2203906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the detection rates of four enteric viruses, Human Astrovirus (HAstVs), Aichivirus (AiVs), Human Adenovirus (HAdVs), and Sapovirus (SaVs) are carried out to assess the virological quality of the treated wastewater. A total of 140 samples was collected from wastewater treatment plant WWTP of Tunis-City. Real-time RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR results showed high frequencies of detection of the four enteric viruses investigated at the entry and exit of the biological activated sludge procedure and a significant reduction in viral titers after tertiary treatment with UV-C254 irradiation. These results revealed the ineffectiveness of the biological activated sludge treatment in removing viruses and the poor quality of the treated wastewater intended for recycling, agricultural reuse, and safe discharge into the natural environment. The UV-C254 irradiation, selected while considering the non-release of known disinfection by-products because of eventual reactions with the large organic and mineral load commonly present in the wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chourouk Ibrahim
- Center of Research and Water Technologies (CERTE), Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Tunisia
- Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, the University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Microbiology Laboratory, Beja University Hospital, Beja,Tunisia
| | - Salah Hammami
- National School of Veterinary Medicine at Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nesserine Khelifi
- Center of Research and Water Technologies (CERTE), Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Tunisia
| | - Pierre Pothier
- National Reference Center for Enteric Viruses, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Center of Research and Water Technologies (CERTE), Laboratory of Treatment and Valorization of Water Rejects (LTVRH), Tunisia
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Jungbauer-Groznica M, Wiese K, Fischer I, Markus J, Chang TH, Gösler I, Kowalski H, Blaas D, Real-Hohn A. Aichivirus A1 replicates in human intestinal epithelium and bronchial tissue: Lung-gut axis? Virus Res 2024; 342:199338. [PMID: 38373599 PMCID: PMC10901855 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The role of aichivirus A1 (AiV-A1) in acute gastroenteritis remains controversial and in vitro data illustrating its pathogenesis in suitable human models are scarce. Here, we demonstrate that AiV-A1 isolate A846/88 replicates in ApoA1- (absorptive) and Ki-67-positive (proliferative) enterocytes in stem cell-derived human small intestinal epithelium (HIE) as well as in patient biopsy samples, but not in any of the tested human cell lines. The infection did not result in tissue damage and did not trigger type I and type III interferon (IFN) signalling, whereas the control, human coxsackievirus B3 (strain Nancy), triggered both IFNs. To investigate the tissue tropism, we infected a human tracheal/bronchial epithelium model (HTBE) with AiV-A1 isolates A846/88 and kvgh99012632/2010 and, as a control, with rhinovirus A2 (RV-A2). AiV-A1 isolate kvgh99012632/2010, but not isolate A846/88, replicated in HTBE and induced type III IFN and ISGs signalling. By using various pharmacological inhibitors, we elaborated that cellular entry of AiV-A1 depends on clathrin, dynamin, and lipid rafts and is strongly reliant on endosome acidification. Viral particles co-localised with Rab5a-positive endosomes and promoted leakage of endosomal content. Our data shed light on the early events of AiV-A1 infection and reveal that different isolates exhibit distinct tissue tropism. This supports its clinical importance as a human pathogen with the potential to evolve toward broader tissue specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jungbauer-Groznica
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Virus and Immunity Unit, Institute Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Konstantin Wiese
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Histology Facility, Vienna Biocenter, Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Markus
- MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Irene Gösler
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Kowalski
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dieter Blaas
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Real-Hohn
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, Max Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ando H, Ahmed W, Okabe S, Kitajima M. Tracking the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on viral gastroenteritis through wastewater-based retrospective analyses. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:166557. [PMID: 37633393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic possibly disrupted the circulation and seasonality of gastroenteritis viruses (e.g., Norovirus (NoV), Sapovirus (SaV), group A rotavirus (ARoV), and Aichivirus (AiV)). Despite the growing application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), there remains a lack of sufficient investigations into the actual impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of gastroenteritis viruses. In this study, we measured NoV GI and GII, SaV, ARoV, and AiV RNA concentrations in 296 influent wastewater samples collected from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Sapporo, Japan between October 28, 2018 and January 12, 2023 using the highly sensitive EPISENS™ method. The detection ratios of SaV and ARoV after May 2020 (SaV: 49.8 % (134/269), ARoV: 57.4 % (151/263)) were significantly lower than those before April 2020 (SaV: 93.9 % (31/33), ARoV: 97.0 % (32/33); SaV: p < 3.5×10-7, ARoV: p < 1.5×10-6). Furthermore, despite comparable detection ratios before (88.5 %, 23/26) and during (66.7 %, 80/120) the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.032), the concentrations of NoV GII revealed a significant decrease after the onset of the pandemic (p < 1.5×10-7, Cliff's delta = 0.72). NoV GI RNA were sporadically detected (24.7 %, 8/33) before April 2020 and after May 2020 (6.5 %, 17/263), whereas AiV was consistently (100 %, 33/33) detected from wastewater throughout the study period (95.8 %, 252/263). The WBE results demonstrated the significant influence of COVID-19 countermeasures on the circulation of gastroenteritis viruses, with variations observed in the magnitude of their impact across different types of viruses. These epidemiological findings highlight that the hygiene practices implemented to prevent COVID-19 infections may also be effective for controlling the prevalence of gastroenteritis viruses, providing invaluable insights for public health units and the development of effective disease management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ando
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Warish Ahmed
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
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Kumthip K, Khamrin P, Yodmeeklin A, Maneekarn N. Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Aichivirus in Environmental Waters in Thailand. Food Environ Virol 2020; 12:342-349. [PMID: 33044663 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-020-09445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aichivirus 1 (AiV-1) is an enteric virus that has been documented to be the causative agent of diarrhea in humans. It is transmitted by fecal-oral route, through person-to-person contact, consumption of contaminated food or water, or recreation of contaminated water. AiV-1 is highly prevalent in water samples and has been proposed as a potential indicator of fecal contamination in water reservoirs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of AiV-1 in environmental water samples in Thailand. A total of 126 samples were collected monthly from November 2016 to July 2018 from various sources of environmental water including irrigation water, reservoir, river, and wastewater. The presence of AiV-1 was detected by RT-nested PCR of the 3CD region and further analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. The AiV-1 was detected in 28 out of 126 (22.2%) of tested samples. A high frequency of AiV-1 detection was in wastewater (52.4%). All 28 AiV-1 strains detected in this study belonged to the genotype B and were closely related to AiV strains detected previously in environmental waters and in humans worldwide. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the contamination of AiV-1 in various sources of water samples in Thailand and provided a better insight into the prevalence of AiV-1 in environmental waters and its potential risk of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattareeya Kumthip
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arpaporn Yodmeeklin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Emerging and Re-emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Miyabe FM, Ribeiro J, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Detection of canine kobuvirus RNA in diarrheic fecal samples of dogs with parvoviruses. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:871-874. [PMID: 31140097 PMCID: PMC6863268 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine kobuvirus (CaKV) is a member of the Picornaviridae family and the Kobuvirus genus. CaKV was first described in fecal samples from diarrheic dogs in the USA in 2011, with subsequent reports in the UK, Italy, South Korea, China, Tanzania, and Japan. CaKV is frequently identified in feces of animals with or without clinical signs of gastroenteritis. The present study investigated the presence of CaKV in fecal samples from 53 diarrheic dogs from Londrina, southern Brazil. Using a RT-PCR assay, CaKV RNA was identified in three dogs, resulting in an overall occurrence rate of 5.7%. In addition, coinfection with canine parvovirus subtype 2b was detected in all CaKV-positive diarrheic fecal samples. Using a phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 gene sequence, the Brazilian CaKV field strains were found to be very similar to a previously identified CaKV strain from Brazil that was found in the tissue of a puppy and were also found to be clustered with other CaKV strains detected worldwide and other kobuvirus strains identified in mouse, feline, and human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Megumi Miyabe
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Juliane Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil. .,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil.
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Japhet MO, Famurewa O, Adesina OA, Opaleye OO, Wang B, Höhne M, Bock CT, Mas Marques A, Niendorf S. Viral gastroenteritis among children of 0-5 years in Nigeria: Characterization of the first Nigerian aichivirus, recombinant noroviruses and detection of a zoonotic astrovirus. J Clin Virol 2018; 111:4-11. [PMID: 30580015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Understanding of the occurrence and genetic diversity of these viruses can help to prevent infections. OBJECTIVES The present study describes the presence, genetic diversity and possible recombination of five enteric viruses in children with gastroenteritis in Southwestern Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN From August 2012 to December 2013, stool samples and sociodemographic data of 103 diarrheic children <5 years were collected to detect and characterize rotavirus A, norovirus, human astrovirus, aichivirus and sapovirus using PCR techniques followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS At least one virus was identified in 58.3% (60/103) of the stool samples. Rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus were detected in 39.8% (41/103), 10.7% (11/103), and 6.8% (7/103) respectively. Notably, aichivirus was detected for the first time in Nigeria (1/103; 0.97%). Sapovirus was not detected in the study. Co-infections with rotavirus were observed in eight samples either with norovirus or astrovirus or aichivirus. Phylogenetic analyses of different genome regions of norovirus positive samples provided indication for recombinant norovirus strains. A novel astrovirus strain closely related to canine astrovirus was identified and further characterized for the first time. CONCLUSIONS Viruses are the common cause of acute gastroenteritis in Nigerian infants with rotavirus as most frequently detected pathogen. New norovirus recombinants and a not yet detected zoonotic astrovirus were circulating in Southwestern Nigeria, providing new information about emerging and unusual strains of viruses causing diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Japhet
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Famurewa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - O A Adesina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Opaleye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria
| | - B Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Höhne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - C T Bock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mas Marques
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Niendorf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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Romalde JL, Rivadulla E, Varela MF, Barja JL. An overview of 20 years of studies on the prevalence of human enteric viruses in shellfish from Galicia, Spain. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 124:943-957. [PMID: 29094428 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galicia (NW Spain) has 1490 km of coastline, and its particular topography, characterized by the presence of fiord-like inlets, called rías, with an important primary production, makes this region very favourable for shellfish growth and culture. In fact, Galicia is one of the most important mussel producers in the world. Due to its proximity to cities and villages and the anthropogenic activities in these estuaries, and despite the routine official controls on the bivalve harvesting areas, contamination with material of faecal origin is sometimes possible but, current regulation based on Escherichia coli as an indicator micro-organism has been revealed as useful for bacterial contaminants, this is not the case for enteric viruses. The aim of this review is to offer a picture on the situation of different harvesting areas in Galicia, from a virological standpoint. A recompilation of results obtained in the last 20 years is presented, including not only the data for the well-known agents norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) but also data on emerging viral hazards, including sapovirus (SaV), hepatitis E virus (HEV) and aichivirus (AiV). Epidemiological differences related to diverse characteristics of the harvesting areas, viral genotype distribution or epidemiological links between environmental and clinical strains will also be presented and discussed. The presentation of these historical data all together could be useful for future decisions by competent authorities for a better management of shellfish growing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - E Rivadulla
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M F Varela
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Fusco G, Di Bartolo I, Cioffi B, Ianiro G, Palermo P, Monini M, Amoroso MG. Prevalence of Foodborne Viruses in Mussels in Southern Italy. Food Environ Virol 2017; 9:187-194. [PMID: 28054332 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the prevalence of various enteric viruses in Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel) belonging to class A and class B mollusc-harvesting areas in the Campania region in southern Italy was evaluated. One hundred and eight mussels were analysed using real-time reverse transcription PCR during a 2-year collection period (2014-2015) to detect the following viruses: human norovirus (genogroups I and II), rotavirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, aichivirus, hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus. Overall, 50.93% of mussels were contaminated by at least one of the tested viruses. Of these virus-positive mussels, 63.63% were contaminated by two or more viruses. In 2014, only three of the eight investigated viruses were detected: astrovirus, sapovirus and aichivirus, whereas in 2015, seven of the eight viruses were detected (only hepatitis E virus was not identified). Astrovirus was the most frequently detected virus in both sampling periods. In 2014, sapovirus was detected at the same frequency as astrovirus (16.00%), followed by aichivirus (8%). In 2015, astrovirus (32.53%) was most frequently detected, followed by norovirus GII (26.50%), sapovirus (18.07%), hepatitis A virus (16.87%), rotavirus (16.87%), aichivirus (13.25%) and norovirus GI (12.05%).This study describes, for the first time, the presence of aichivirus and sapovirus in mussels in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Fusco
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Di Bartolo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vial Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Cioffi
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ianiro
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vial Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Palermo
- Veterinarian Epidemiological Surveillance Center, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Marina Monini
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vial Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Amoroso
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Southern Italy, Via Salute, 2, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
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Klima M, Chalupska D, Różycki B, Humpolickova J, Rezabkova L, Silhan J, Baumlova A, Dubankova A, Boura E. Kobuviral Non-structural 3A Proteins Act as Molecular Harnesses to Hijack the Host ACBD3 Protein. Structure 2017; 25:219-230. [PMID: 28065508 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Picornaviruses are small positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that include many important human pathogens. Within the host cell, they replicate at specific replication sites called replication organelles. To create this membrane platform, they hijack several host factors including the acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein-3 (ACBD3). Here, we present a structural characterization of the molecular complexes formed by the non-structural 3A proteins from two species of the Kobuvirus genus of the Picornaviridae family and the 3A-binding domain of the host ACBD3 protein. Specifically, we present a series of crystal structures as well as a molecular dynamics simulation of the 3A:ACBD3 complex at the membrane, which reveals that the viral 3A proteins act as molecular harnesses to enslave the ACBD3 protein leading to its stabilization at target membranes. Our data provide a structural rationale for understanding how these viral-host protein complexes assemble at the atomic level and identify new potential targets for antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominika Chalupska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bartosz Różycki
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jana Humpolickova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Rezabkova
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Silhan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Baumlova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Dubankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Burutarán L, Lizasoain A, García M, Tort LFL, Colina R, Victoria M. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Aichivirus 1 in Wastewater Samples from Uruguay. Food Environ Virol 2016; 8:13-17. [PMID: 26456918 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aichivirus 1 (AiV-1) is an enteric virus with 30 nm in diameter, belonging to the genus Kobuvirus in the Picornaviridae family being a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans. The transmission is via the fecal-oral route, through person to person contact, recreation in contaminated waters, or through the consumption of contaminated food or water. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the molecular characterization of AiV-1 in wastewater from Uruguay. Biweekly collections from March 2011 to February 2012 were performed in the cities of Bella Unión, Salto, Paysandú, and Fray Bentos, northwestern region of Uruguay. A total of 96 samples were collected; viruses were concentrated by ultracentrifugation, and AiV-1 was detected by using a nested PCR with primers directed to a conserved region (3CD junction) of the viral genome. A high frequency of AiV-1 (n = 54) was observed at all the cities analyzed mainly in the colder months of the year. AiV-1 was not evidenced as an appropriate viral fecal indicator since when compared with other previously detected enteric viruses, no correlation was observed. All 13 characterized AiV-1 belonged to the genotype B after the phylogenetic analysis performed with the sequences obtained from the first round PCR amplicon. This study demonstrates that AiV-1 is a frequently detected enteric viruses present in wastewater and excreted by infected persons in the northwestern region of Uruguay.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Burutarán
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M García
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L F L Tort
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Regional Norte, CENUR del Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay.
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Abstract
Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1), belonging to the genus Kobuvirus in the family Picornaviridae, has been proposed as a causative agent of human gastroenteritis potentially transmitted by fecal-oral routes through contaminated food or water. AiV-1 is globally distributed and has been detected in various types of environmental samples, such as sewage, river water, groundwater, and shellfish. Recent environmental studies revealed that this virus could be detected in higher frequency and greater abundance than other human enteric viruses. These findings suggest that AiV-1 could potentially be an appropriate indicator of viral contamination in the environment because of its high prevalence in water environments as well as structural and genetic similarity with some of the other important enteric viruses. Further studies on the occurrence and fate of AiV-1 in environments, even in combination with clinical studies of many regions, are needed for a better understanding of their epidemiology, temporal and geographical distribution, environmental stability, and potential health risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kitajima
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Charles P Gerba
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Kobuviruses are member of the family Picornaviridae. Initially, members in Kobuvirus genus were named according to the basis of their host species. The viruses found in humans called "Aichi virus", the viruses from cattle called "bovine kobuvirus", and the viruses isolated from pigs called "porcine kobuvirus". Currently, taxonomy of kobuviruses has been proposed and the virus species have been renamed. The "Aichi virus" has been renamed as "Aichivirus A", "bovine kobuvirus" has been renamed as "Aichivirus B", and "porcine kobuvirus" has been changed to "Aichivirus C". Among Aichivirus A, three distinct members, including Aichi virus 1 (Aichivirus in human), canine kobuvirus 1, and murine kobuvirus 1, have been described. Aichi virus 1 in human is globally distributed and has been identified at low incidence (0-3 %) in sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases. Aichi virus 1 has been reported to be associated with variety types of clinical illnesses including diarrhea, vomiting, fever, purulent conjunctivitis, and respiratory symptoms. The studies from Japan, Spain, Germany, and Tunisia demonstrated that high antibody prevalence against Aichi virus 1 were found in the populations. Aichivirus B or previously known as bovine kobuvirus was first reported in 2003. Since then, Aichivirus B has also been reported from several countries worldwide. An overall prevalence of Aichivirus B varies from 1 to 34.5 %, and the highest prevalence was found in cattle with diarrhea in Korea. Aichivirus C or porcine kobuvirus is widely distributed in pigs. Aichivirus C has been found in both diarrhea and healthy pigs and the positive rate of this virus varies from 3.9 up to 100 %. It was reported that Aichivirus C was found with high prevalence in wild boars in Hungary. The accumulated data of the biological, pathological, as well as epidemiological studies of kobuviruses are still limited. Comprehensive global investigations of the prevalence and diversity are required and will be helpful for providing further insight into pathogenicity, genetic heterogeneity, interspecies transmission, and global distribution of kobuviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Saikruang W, Khamrin P, Suantai B, Ushijima H, Maneekarn N. Molecular detection and characterization of Aichivirus A in adult patients with diarrhea in Thailand. J Med Virol 2014; 86:983-7. [PMID: 24536026 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral gastroenteritis is a common public health problem that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, new viruses causing gastroenteritis have been identified. Among these, Aichivirus has also been proposed as a causative agent of gastroenteritis in human. Most studies have been conducted in infants and children, the information in adults is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and molecular characterization of Aichivirus in adult patients with diarrhea. A total of 332 fecal specimens collected from January to December 2008 were screened for the presence of Aichivirus by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) method. Out of 332 fecal specimens tested, Aichivirus was detected with the prevalence of 0.9% (3/332). The data indicate that the prevalence of Aichivirus in adults was as low as those reported in children in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 sequence revealed that one Aichivirus belonged to genotype A, while other two Aichiviruses were genotype B. In conclusion, this study provided the molecular epidemiological data of Aichivirus circulating in adult patients with diarrhea at low prevalence and the viruses were genetically variable as both genotypes A and B were found in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilaiporn Saikruang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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14
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Abstract
Detection of Aichi virus in humans was initially reported in Japan in 1989. To establish a timeline for the prevalence of Aichi virus infection among humans in the Netherlands, we conducted molecular analysis of archival water samples from 1987–2000 and 2009–2012. Aichi virus RNA was detected in 100% (8/8) of sewage samples and 100% (7/7) of surface water samples collected during 1987–2000 and 100% (8/8) of sewage samples and 71% (5/7) of surface water samples collected during 2009–2012. Several genotype A and B Aichi virus lineages were observed over the 25-year period studied, but the time course of viral genetic diversity showed recent expansion of the genotype B population over genotype A. Our results show that Aichi virus has been circulating among the human population in the Netherlands since before its initial detection in humans was reported and that genotype B now predominates in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn J Lodder
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and theEnvironment, PO Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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Chitambar S, Gopalkrishna V, Chhabra P, Patil P, Verma H, Lahon A, Arora R, Tatte V, Ranshing S, Dhale G, Kolhapure R, Tikute S, Kulkarni J, Bhardwaj R, Akarte S, Pawar S. Diversity in the enteric viruses detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis from Mumbai, Western India. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2012; 9:895-915. [PMID: 22690171 PMCID: PMC3367285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Faecal specimens collected from two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis that occurred in southern Mumbai, India in March and October, 2006 were tested for seven different enteric viruses. Among the 218 specimens tested, 95 (43.6%) were positive, 73 (76.8%) for a single virus and 22 (23.2%) for multiple viruses. Single viral infections in both, March and October showed predominance of enterovirus (EV, 33.3% and 40%) and rotavirus A (RVA, 33.3% and 25%). The other viruses detected in these months were norovirus (NoV, 12.1% and 10%), rotavirus B (RVB, 12.1% and 10%), enteric adenovirus (AdV, 6.1% and 7.5%), Aichivirus (AiV, 3% and 7.5%) and human astrovirus (HAstV, 3% and 0%). Mixed viral infections were largely represented by two viruses (84.6% and 88.9%), a small proportion showed presence of three (7.7% and 11%) and four (7.7% and 0%) viruses in the two outbreaks. Genotyping of the viruses revealed predominance of RVA G2P[4], RVB G2 (Indian Bangladeshi lineage), NoV GII.4, AdV-40, HAstV-8 and AiV B types. VP1/2A junction region based genotyping showed presence of 11 different serotypes of EVs. Although no virus was detected in the tested water samples, examination of both water and sewage pipelines in gastroenteritis affected localities indicated leakages and possibility of contamination of drinking water with sewage water. Coexistence of multiple enteric viruses during the two outbreaks of gastroenteritis emphasizes the need to expand such investigations to other parts of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Chitambar
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Varanasi Gopalkrishna
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Preeti Chhabra
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Pooja Patil
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Harsha Verma
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Ritu Arora
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Vaishali Tatte
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Sujata Ranshing
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Ganesh Dhale
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Rajendra Kolhapure
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Sanjay Tikute
- Enteric Viruses Group, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India; (V.G.); (P.C.); (P.P.); (H.V.); (R.A.); (A.L.); (V.T.); (S.R.); (G.D.); (R.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Jagannath Kulkarni
- Department of Pathology, Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital, Lokmanya Tilak Marg, Fort, Mumbai 400001, India;
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Microbiology, Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai 400008, India;
| | - Sulbha Akarte
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai 400008, India; (S.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Sashikant Pawar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Hospital, Byculla, Mumbai 400008, India; (S.A.); (S.P.)
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