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Araújo MC, Assis CRD, Silva KCC, Souza KS, Azevedo RS, Alves MHME, Silva LC, Silva VL, Adam ML, Carvalho Junior LB, Souza Bezerra R, Oliveira MBM. Characterization of brain acetylcholinesterase of bentonic fish Hoplosternum littorale: Perspectives of application in pesticides and metal ions biomonitoring. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 205:213-226. [PMID: 30408655 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) is a serine hydrolase, whose main function is to modulate neurotransmission at cholinergic synapses. It is, therefore, the primary target of some pesticides and heavy metals. Its inhibition in aquatic organisms has been used as an indicator of the presence of these pollutants in water bodies. The present study aimed to characterize physicochemical and kinetic parameters of brain AChE in the benthic fish Hoplosternum littorale and to analyze the in vitro effects of pesticides (dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl, temephos, carbaryl, carbofuran, aldicarb, diflubenzuron, novaluron and pyriproxyfen) and metal ions (As3+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, K+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Zn2+) investigating the potential of this enzyme as environmental biomarker based on current regulations. Specific substrates and inhibitors have indicated AChE to be the predominant cholinesterase (ChE) in the brain of H. littorale. Peak activity was observed at pH 8.0 and 30 °C. The enzymatic activity is otherwise moderately thermostable (≈ 50% activity at 45 °C). The enzyme can reduce the activation energy of acetylthiocholine hydrolysis reaction to 8.34 kcal mol-1 while reaching a rate enhancement of 106. Among the pesticides under study, dichlorvos presented an IC50 value below the maximum concentrations allowed by legislation. This study presents the first report on the inhibition of brain AChE activity from Siluriformes by the pesticides novaluron and pyriproxyfen. Mercury ion also exerted a strong inhibitory effect on its enzymatic activity. The H. littorale enzyme thus has the potential to function as an in vitro biomarker for the presence of the pesticide dichlorvos as well as mercury in areas of mining and industrial discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyete Chagas Araújo
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - BioMol, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigo Dias Assis
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil; Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos - OrganoMAR, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kaline Catiely Campos Silva
- Departamento de Educação, Colegiado de Biologia, Universidade do Estado da Bahia - UNEB, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brazil
| | - Kelma Sirleide Souza
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Rafael Souto Azevedo
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Luciano Clemente Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparada e Comportamento Animal - LabFCCA, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valdir Luna Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparada e Comportamento Animal - LabFCCA, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lúcia Adam
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão - CAV, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Ranilson Souza Bezerra
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Maria Betânia Melo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - BioMol, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Poley JD, Braden LM, Messmer AM, Igboeli OO, Whyte SK, Macdonald A, Rodriguez J, Gameiro M, Rufener L, Bouvier J, Wadowska DW, Koop BF, Hosking BC, Fast MD. High level efficacy of lufenuron against sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) linked to rapid impact on moulting processes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:174-188. [PMID: 29627513 PMCID: PMC6039351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is a global issue for Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Multiple resistance has been described across most available compound classes with the exception of the benzoylureas. To target this gap in effective management of L. salmonis and other species of sea lice (e.g. Caligus spp.), Elanco Animal Health is developing an in-feed treatment containing lufenuron (a benzoylurea) to be administered prior to seawater transfer of salmon smolts and to provide long-term protection of salmon against sea lice infestations. Benzoylureas disrupt chitin synthesis, formation, and deposition during all moulting events. However, the mechanism(s) of action are not yet fully understood and most research completed to date has focused on insects. We exposed the first parasitic stage of L. salmonis to 700 ppb lufenuron for three hours and observed over 90% reduction in survival to the chalimus II life stage on the host, as compared to vehicle controls. This agrees with a follow up in vivo administration study on the host, which showed >95% reduction by the chalimus I stage. Transcriptomic responses of salmon lice exposed to lufenuron included genes related to moulting, epithelial differentiation, solute transport, and general developmental processes. Global metabolite profiles also suggest that membrane stability and fluidity is impacted in treated lice. These molecular signals are likely the underpinnings of an abnormal moulting process and cuticle formation observed ultrastructurally using transmission electron microscopy. Treated nauplii-staged lice exhibited multiple abnormalities in the integument, suggesting that the coordinated assembly of the epi- and procuticle is impaired. In all cases, treatment with lufenuron had rapid impacts on L. salmonis development. We describe multiple experiments to characterize the efficacy of lufenuron on eggs, larvae, and parasitic stages of L. salmonis, and provide the most comprehensive assessment of the physiological responses of a marine arthropod to a benzoylurea chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Poley
- Hoplite Lab, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Laura M Braden
- Hoplite Lab, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Amber M Messmer
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, V8W 3N5, Canada.
| | - Okechukwu O Igboeli
- Hoplite Lab, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Shona K Whyte
- Hoplite Lab, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Alicia Macdonald
- Elanco Canada Limited, 150 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 4T2, Canada.
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- Elanco Canada Limited, 150 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 4T2, Canada.
| | - Marta Gameiro
- Elanco Canada Limited, 150 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 4T2, Canada.
| | - Lucien Rufener
- Elanco Centre de Recherche Santé Animale SA, CH-1566 St.-Aubin, Switzerland; INVENesis LLC, Chemin de Belleroche 14, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Jacques Bouvier
- Elanco Centre de Recherche Santé Animale SA, CH-1566 St.-Aubin, Switzerland; INVENesis LLC, Chemin de Belleroche 14, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Dorota W Wadowska
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Ben F Koop
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria BC, V8W 3N5, Canada.
| | - Barry C Hosking
- Elanco Canada Limited, 150 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 4T2, Canada.
| | - Mark D Fast
- Hoplite Lab, Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
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de Souza PR, de Souza KS, de Assis CRD, de Araújo MC, Silva KCC, de Fátima Xavier da Silva J, Ferreira ACM, da Silva VL, Adam ML, de Carvalho LB, de Souza Bezerra R. Acetylcholinesterase of mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae: A highly thermostable enzyme with promising features for estuarine biomonitoring. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 197:109-121. [PMID: 29462762 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme biomarkers from several aquatic organisms have been used for assessing the exposure to contaminants at sublethal levels. Amongst them, the cholinesterases are commonly extracted from several organisms to evaluate/measure organophosphate and carbamate neurotoxic effects. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) is an enzyme of the group of serine esterases that acts on the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine allowing the intermittence of the nerve impulses responsible for the neuronal communication. This enzyme is the main target for the action of some pesticides and the inhibition of its activity in bivalve mollusks may be used as biomarker due to their filter-feeding habit. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize physicochemical and kinetic parameters of the AChE extracted from gills and viscera of the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae and investigate the in vitro effect of pesticides (dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, methyl-parathion, temephos, carbaryl, carbofuran, aldicarb, diflubenzuron and novaluron) in search for assessing its potential as biomarker. Specific substrates and inhibitors evidenced the predominance of AChE in both tissues. The optimum pH found for gills and viscera AChE were 8.0 and 8.5, respectively. The maximum peak of activity occurred at 70 °C for gill AChE and 75 °C for viscera AChE. The enzymes of both tissues presented remarkable thermostability. The Michaelis-Menten constant for both enzymes were 1.32 ± 0.20 mM for gills and 0.43 ± 0.12 mM for viscera. The Vmax values for gills and viscera were 53.57 ± 1.72 and 27.71 ± 1.15 mU/mg, respectively. The enzymes were able to reduce the activation energy to 9.75 kcal mol-1 (gills) and 11.87 kcal mol-1 (viscera) obtaining rate enhancements of 3.57 × 105 and 1.01 × 104, respectively, in relation to non-catalyzed reactions. Among the pesticides under study, the carbamates carbaryl and carbofuran exerted the strongest inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity achieving important degrees of inhibition at concentrations below national and international current regulations. The first observation of the effects of benzoylurea pesticides (diflubenzuron and novaluron) on AChE from mollusks is reported here. The gills AChE of C. rhizophorae showed potential to be specific biomarker for the carbamate carbaryl while the viscera AChE showed it for carbofuran. According to their features, these enzymes may be proposed as promising tools for estuarine monitoring as well as biocomponent of biosensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rayane de Souza
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kelma Sirleide de Souza
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Caio Rodrigo Dias de Assis
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Marlyete Chagas de Araújo
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kaline Catiely Campos Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Educação, Colegiado de Biologia, Universidade do Estado da Bahia - UNEB, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brazil
| | - Juliett de Fátima Xavier da Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Tecnologia do Pescado - LATEPE, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas - UFAL, Penedo, AL, Brazil
| | - Andreia Cybelle Marques Ferreira
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valdir Luna da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparada e Comportamento Animal - LabFCCA, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lúcia Adam
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão - CAV, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Bezerra de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ranilson de Souza Bezerra
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Costa HN, da Cunha FM, Cruz GS, D'assunção CG, Rolim GG, Barros MEG, Breda MO, Teixeira AAC, Teixeira VW. Lufenuron impact upon Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) midgut and its reflection in gametogenesis. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 137:71-80. [PMID: 28364806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide Match® (lufenuron), one of the main insect growth regulators used in pest control, has been presented as a viable alternative against the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by inhibiting chitin synthesis. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether Match® interferes in the synthesis of the peritrophic matrix, leading to changes in the midgut epithelium, resulting in nutritional deficiency and reflecting, thereby, in the gametogenesis process of A. grandis. Floral cotton buds were immersed in the insecticide solution (800μL of Match®+200mL of distilled water) and offered to the adult insects. The midguts of the insects were evaluated after 24 and 120h after feeding. The gonads were evaluated after 120h. The results showed that Match®, in both evaluation periods, induced histopathological alterations such as disorganization, vacuolization and desquamation of the midgut epithelium; histochemical modifications in the distribution patterns of carbohydrates, although without quantitative changes; and a strong decrease in protein levels. No apoptosis were observed, however, there was an increase in the number of regenerative cell nests. In the testicles, a reduction in the amount of spermatozoids and reduced carbohydrate levels were observed, but no difference in protein levels. The ovarioles presented structural disorganization of follicular cells, yolk reduction and decrease in protein levels, however, no change in carbohydrates levels was noted. Therefore, it is concluded that Match® performs histopathologic and histochemical alterations in the midgut epithelium and the gonads of A. grandis adults, reflecting in the gametogenesis process, presenting itself as a promising tool in the management of this pest on cotton crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilton Nobre Costa
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agronomy- Entomology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Franklin Magliano da Cunha
- Frassineti School of Recife, Department of Biology, Conde da Boa Vista Avenue, 50060-002 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Glaucilane Santos Cruz
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agronomy- Entomology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Carolline Guimarães D'assunção
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Gomes Rolim
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agronomy- Entomology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Edna Gomes Barros
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mariana Oliveira Breda
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agronomy- Entomology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria Wanderley Teixeira
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Ave., Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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