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Cabon V, Pincebourde S, Colinet H, Dubreuil V, Georges R, Launoy M, Pétillon J, Quénol H, Bergerot B. Preferred temperature in the warmth of cities: Body size, sex and development stage matter more than urban climate in a ground-dwelling spider. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103706. [PMID: 37714112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Most ectotherms rely on behavioural thermoregulation to maintain body temperatures close to their physiological optimum. Hence, ectotherms can drastically limit their exposure to thermal extremes by selecting a narrower range of temperatures, which includes their preferred temperature (Tpref). Despite evidence that behavioural thermoregulation can be adjusted by phenotypic plasticity or constrained by natural selection, intraspecific Tpref variations across environmental gradients remain overlooked as compared to other thermal traits like thermal tolerance. Here, we analyzed Tpref variation of spider populations found along a gradient of urban heat island (UHI) which displays large thermal variations over small distances. We measured two components of the thermal preference, namely the mean Tpref and the Tpref range (i.e., standard deviation) in 557 field-collected individuals of a common ground-dwelling spider (Pardosa saltans, Lycosidae) using a laboratory thermal gradient. We determined if Tpref values differed among ten populations from contrasting thermal zones. We showed that endogenous factors such as body size or sex primarily determine both mean Tpref and Tpref range. The Tpref range was also linked to the UHI intensity to a lesser extent, yet only in juveniles. The absence of relationship between Tpref metrics and UHI in adult spiders suggests a Bogert effect according to which the ability of individuals to detect and exploit optimal microclimates weakens the selection pressure of temperatures (here driven by UHI) on their thermal physiology. Alternatively, this lack of relationship could also indicate that temperature patterns occurring at the scale of the spiders' micro-habitat differ from measured ones. This study shows the importance of considering both inter-individual and inter-population variations of the Tpref range when conducting Tpref experiments, and supports Tpref range as being a relevant measure to inform on the strength of behavioural thermoregulation in a given population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Cabon
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution)], UMR 6553, Rennes, France; LTSER ZA Armorique, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Sylvain Pincebourde
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Hervé Colinet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution)], UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | | | - Romain Georges
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution)], UMR 6553, Rennes, France; LTSER ZA Armorique, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Maud Launoy
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution)], UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Pétillon
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution)], UMR 6553, Rennes, France; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Hervé Quénol
- University of Rennes 2, CNRS, LETG, UMR 6554, Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin Bergerot
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution)], UMR 6553, Rennes, France; LTSER ZA Armorique, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Bodensteiner BL, Iverson JB, Lea CA, Milne-Zelman CL, Mitchell TS, Refsnider JM, Voves K, Warner DA, Janzen FJ. Mother knows best: nest-site choice homogenizes embryo thermal environments among populations in a widespread ectotherm. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220155. [PMID: 37427473 PMCID: PMC10331915 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Species with large geographical ranges provide an excellent model for studying how different populations respond to dissimilar local conditions, particularly with respect to variation in climate. Maternal effects, such as nest-site choice greatly affect offspring phenotypes and survival. Thus, maternal behaviour has the potential to mitigate the effects of divergent climatic conditions across a species' range. We delineated natural nesting areas of six populations of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) that span a broad latitudinal range and quantified spatial and temporal variation in nest characteristics. To quantify microhabitats available for females to choose, we also identified sites within the nesting area of each location that were representative of available thermal microhabitats. Across the range, females nested non-randomly and targeted microhabitats that generally had less canopy cover and thus higher nest temperatures. Nest microhabitats differed among locations but did not predictably vary with latitude or historic mean air temperature during embryonic development. In conjunction with other studies of these populations, our results suggest that nest-site choice is homogenizing nest environments, which buffers embryos from thermally induced selection and could slow embryonic evolution. Thus, although effective at a macroclimatic scale, nest-site choice is unlikely to compensate for novel stressors that rapidly increase local temperatures. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Bodensteiner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - John B. Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 60071, USA
| | - Carter A. Lea
- Office of Research Proposal Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | | | - Timothy S. Mitchell
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jeanine M. Refsnider
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | | | - Daniel A. Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Fredric J. Janzen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
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Salazar JC, del Rosario Castañeda M, Londoño GA, Bodensteiner BL, Muñoz MM. Physiological evolution during adaptive radiation: A test of the island effect in Anolis lizards. Evolution 2019; 73:1241-1252. [PMID: 30989637 PMCID: PMC6593988 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic evolution is often exceptionally rapid on islands, resulting in numerous, ecologically diverse species. Although adaptive radiation proceeds along various phenotypic axes, the island effect of faster evolution has been mostly tested with regard to morphology. Here, we leveraged the physiological diversity and species richness of Anolis lizards to examine the evolutionary dynamics of three key traits: heat tolerance, body temperature, and cold tolerance. Contrary to expectation, we discovered slower heat tolerance evolution on islands. Additionally, island species evolve toward higher optimal body temperatures than mainland species. Higher optima and slower evolution in upper physiological limits are consistent with the Bogert effect, or evolutionary inertia due to thermoregulation. Correspondingly, body temperature is higher and more stable on islands than on the American mainland, despite similarity in thermal environments. Greater thermoregulation on islands may occur due to ecological release from competitors and predators compared to mainland environments. By reducing the costs of thermoregulation, ecological opportunity on islands may actually stymie, rather than hasten, physiological evolution. Our results emphasize that physiological diversity is an important axis of ecological differentiation in the adaptive radiation of anoles, and that behavior can impart distinct macroevolutionary footprints on physiological diversity on islands and continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhan C. Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasDepartamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad IcesiCaliValle del CaucaColombia
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginia24061
| | - María del Rosario Castañeda
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasDepartamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del ValleCaliValle del CaucaColombia
| | - Gustavo A. Londoño
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasDepartamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad IcesiCaliValle del CaucaColombia
| | | | - Martha M. Muñoz
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginia24061
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Abstract
The role of behavior in evolution has long been discussed, with some arguing that behavior promotes evolution by exposing organisms to selection (behavioral drive) and others proposing that it inhibits evolution by shielding organisms from environmental variation (behavioral inertia). However, this discussion has generally focused on the effects of behavior along a single axis without considering that behavior simultaneously influences selection in various niche dimensions. By examining evolutionary change along two distinct niche axes-structural and thermal-we propose that behavior simultaneously drives and impedes evolution in a group of Anolis lizards from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. Specifically, a behavioral shift in microhabitat to boulders at high altitude enables thermoregulation, thus forestalling physiological evolution in spite of colder environments. This same behavioral shift drives skull and limb evolution to boulder use. Our results emphasize the multidimensional effects of behavior in evolution. These findings reveal how, rather than being diametrically opposed, niche conservatism and niche lability can occur simultaneously. Furthermore, patterns of niche evolution may vary at different geographic scales: because of thermoregulatory behavior, lizards at high and low elevation share similar microclimatic niches (consistent with niche conservatism) while inhabiting distinct macroclimatic environments (consistent with niche divergence). Together, our results suggest that behavior can connect patterns of niche divergence and conservatism at different geographic scales and among traits.
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Klockmann M, Günter F, Fischer K. Heat resistance throughout ontogeny: body size constrains thermal tolerance. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:686-696. [PMID: 27371939 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Heat tolerance is a trait of paramount ecological importance and may determine a species' ability to cope with ongoing climate change. Although critical thermal limits have consequently received substantial attention in recent years, their potential variation throughout ontogeny remained largely neglected. We investigate whether such neglect may bias conclusions regarding a species' sensitivity to climate change. Using a tropical butterfly, we found that developmental stages clearly differed in heat tolerance. It was highest in pupae followed by larvae, adults and finally eggs and hatchlings. Strikingly, most of the variation found in thermal tolerance was explained by differences in body mass, which may thus impose a severe constraint on adaptive variation in stress tolerance. Furthermore, temperature acclimation was beneficial by increasing heat knock-down time and therefore immediate survival under heat stress, but it affected reproduction negatively. Extreme temperatures strongly reduced survival and subsequent reproductive success even in our highly plastic model organism, exemplifying the potentially dramatic impact of extreme weather events on biodiversity. We argue that predictions regarding a species' fate under changing environmental conditions should consider variation in thermal tolerance throughout ontogeny, variation in body mass and acclimation responses as important predictors of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klockmann
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, D-17489, Germany
| | - Franziska Günter
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, D-17489, Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, D-17489, Germany
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Muñoz MM, Stimola MA, Algar AC, Conover A, Rodriguez AJ, Landestoy MA, Bakken GS, Losos JB. Evolutionary stasis and lability in thermal physiology in a group of tropical lizards. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132433. [PMID: 24430845 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how quickly physiological traits evolve is a topic of great interest, particularly in the context of how organisms can adapt in response to climate warming. Adjustment to novel thermal habitats may occur either through behavioural adjustments, physiological adaptation or both. Here, we test whether rates of evolution differ among physiological traits in the cybotoids, a clade of tropical Anolis lizards distributed in markedly different thermal environments on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. We find that cold tolerance evolves considerably faster than heat tolerance, a difference that results because behavioural thermoregulation more effectively shields these organisms from selection on upper than lower temperature tolerances. Specifically, because lizards in very different environments behaviourally thermoregulate during the day to similar body temperatures, divergent selection on body temperature and heat tolerance is precluded, whereas night-time temperatures can only be partially buffered by behaviour, thereby exposing organisms to selection on cold tolerance. We discuss how exposure to selection on physiology influences divergence among tropical organisms and its implications for adaptive evolutionary response to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, , 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, NY 10027, USA, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, , Sir Clive Granger Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, Stuyvestant High School, , 345 Chambers Street, New York, NY 10282, USA, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, , Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA, Sociedad Ornitológica de la Hispaniola, , Gustavo Mejía Ricart 119 B, Apto. 401, Galerías Residencial, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, Department of Biology, Indiana State University, , Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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