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Kazimierska M, Leśniewska A, Bakker A, Diepstra A, Kasprzyk ME, Podralska M, Rassek K, Kluiver J, van den Berg A, Rozwadowska N, Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk A. Inhibition of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit with buthionine sulfoximine enhances the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in Burkitt lymphoma cells. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:95-101. [PMID: 37917375 PMCID: PMC10789666 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive lymphoma that mainly affects children and young adults. Chemotherapy is effective in young BL patients but the outcome in adults is less satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the cytotoxic effect of drugs used in BL treatment. Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant involved in processes such as regulation of oxidative stress and drug detoxification. Elevated GSH levels have been observed in many cancers and were associated with chemoresistance. We previously identified GCLC, encoding an enzyme involved in GSH biosynthesis, as an essential gene in BL. We now confirm that knockout of GCLC decreases viability of BL cells and that the GCLC protein is overexpressed in BL tissues. Moreover, we demonstrate that buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a known inhibitor of GCLC, decreases growth of BL cells but does not affect control B cells. Furthermore, we show for the first time that BSO enhances the cytotoxicity of compounds commonly used in BL treatment, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Given the fact that BSO itself was not toxic to control cells and well-tolerated in clinical trials, combination of chemotherapy with BSO may allow reduction of the doses of cytotoxic drugs required to obtain effective responses in BL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kazimierska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Anja Bakker
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marta Podralska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Rassek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mello DF, Trevisan R, Danielli NM, Dafre AL. Vulnerability of glutathione-depleted Crassostrea gigas oysters to Vibrio species. Mar Environ Res 2020; 154:104870. [PMID: 32056707 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a major cellular antioxidant molecule participating in several biological processes, including immune function. In this study, we investigated the importance of GSH to oysters Crassostrea gigas immune response. Oysters were treated with the GSH-synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), and the function of immune cells and mortality were evaluated after a bacterial challenge with different Vibrio species. BSO caused a moderate decrease (20-40%) in GSH levels in the gills, digestive gland, and hemocytes. As expected, lower GSH decreased survival to peroxide exposure. Hemocyte function was preserved after BSO treatment, however, oysters became more susceptible to challenges with Vibrio anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, or V. harveyi, but not with V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, indicating a species-specific vulnerability. Our study indicates that in natural habitats or in mariculture farms, disturbances in GSH metabolism may pre-dispose oysters to bacterial infection, decreasing survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Ferraz Mello
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Trevisan
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Naissa Maria Danielli
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Kold-Christensen R, Jensen KK, Smedegård-Holmquist E, Sørensen LK, Hansen J, Jørgensen KA, Kristensen P, Johannsen M. ReactELISA method for quantifying methylglyoxal levels in plasma and cell cultures. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101252. [PMID: 31254735 PMCID: PMC6604041 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a toxic glycolytic by-product associated with increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and has been linked to ageing-related diseases, such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. As MG is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, forming both reversible and irreversible adducts with a range of endogenous nucleophiles, measuring endogenous levels of MG are quite troublesome. Furthermore, as MG is a small metabolite it is not very immunogenic, excluding conventional ELISA for detection purposes, thus only more instrumentally demanding LC-MS/MS-based methods have demonstrated convincing quantitative data. In the present work we develop a novel bifunctional MG capture probe as well as a high specificity monoclonal antibody to finally setup a robust reaction-based ELISA (ReactELISA) method for detecting the highly reactive and low-level (nM) metabolite MG in human biological specimens. The assay is tested and validated against the current golden standard LC-MS/MS method in human blood plasma and cell-culture media. Furthermore, we demonstrate the assays ability to measure small perturbations of MG levels in growth media caused by a small molecule drug buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) of current clinical relevance. Finally, the assay is converted into a homogenous (no-wash) AlphaLISA version (ReactAlphaLISA), which offers the potential for operationally simple screening of further small molecules capable of perturbing cellular MG. Such compounds could be of relevance as probes to gain insight into MG metabolism as well as drug-leads to alleviate ageing-related diseases. MG is challenging to quantify, here we present a simple and specific ReactELISA based approach and validate against LC-MS/MS. Sensitivity at low (nM) endogenous concentration in both human blood plasma and cell culture media. Impact of BSO treatment of HEK293 cells can be profiled in culture media. Potential use in cell-based phenotypic screen for small molecules modulating MG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kold-Christensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karina Kragh Jensen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Emil Smedegård-Holmquist
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Deng J, Liu AD, Hou GQ, Zhang X, Ren K, Chen XZ, Li SSC, Wu YS, Cao X. N-acetylcysteine decreases malignant characteristics of glioblastoma cells by inhibiting Notch2 signaling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:2. [PMID: 30606241 PMCID: PMC6319015 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas multiforme (GBM) is the most devastating primary intracranial malignancy lacking effective clinical treatments. Notch2 has been established to be a prognostic marker and probably involved in GBM malignant progression. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of intracellular glutathione (GSH), has been widely implicated in prevention and therapy of several cancers. However, the role of NAC in GBM remains unclear and the property of NAC independent of its antioxidation is largely unknown. METHODS The mRNA and protein levels of Notch family and other related factors were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry-based DCFH-DA. Moreover, cell viability was assessed by CCK8 and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry-based PI staining. The level of apoptosis was checked by flow cytometry-based Annexin V/PI. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and transwell invasion assays. At last, U87 Xenograft model was established to confirm whether NAC could restrain the growth of tumor. RESULTS Our data showed that NAC could decrease the protein level of Notch2. Meanwhile, NAC had a decreasing effect on the mRNA and protein levels of its downstream targets Hes1 and Hey1. These effects caused by NAC were independent of cellular GSH and ROS levels. The mechanism of NAC-mediated Notch2 reduction was elucidated by promoting Notch2 degradation through Itch-dependent lysosome pathway. Furthermore, NAC could prevent proliferation, migration, and invasion and might induce apoptosis in GBM cells via targeting Notch2. Significantly, NAC could suppress the growth of tumor in vivo. CONCLUSIONS NAC could facilitate Notch2 degradation through lysosomal pathway in an antioxidant-independent manner, thus attenuating Notch2 malignant signaling in GBM cells. The remarkable ability of NAC to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth may implicate a novel application of NAC on GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - An-Dong Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guo-Qing Hou
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kun Ren
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuan-Zuo Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shawn S C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yao-Song Wu
- The Institute of Cancer Molecular Mechanisms & Drug Targets, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Ano S, Panariti A, Allard B, O'Sullivan M, McGovern TK, Hamamoto Y, Ishii Y, Yamamoto M, Powell WS, Martin JG. Inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness after chlorine exposure are prolonged by Nrf2 deficiency in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:1-15. [PMID: 27847240 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chlorine gas (Cl2) is a potent oxidant and trigger of irritant induced asthma. We explored NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent mechanisms in the asthmatic response to Cl2, using Nrf2-deficient mice, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis and sulforaphane (SFN), a phytochemical regulator of Nrf2. METHODS Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were assessed 24 and 48h after a 5-min nose-only exposure to 100ppm Cl2 of Nrf2-deficient and wild type Balb/C mice treated with BSO or SFN. Animals were anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated (FlexiVent™) and challenged with aerosolized methacholine. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and lung tissues were harvested for assessment of gene expression. RESULTS Cl2 exposure induced a robust AHR and an intense neutrophilic inflammation that, although similar in Nrf2-deficient mice and wild-type mice at 24h after Cl2 exposure, were significantly greater at 48h post exposure in Nrf2-deficient mice. Lung GSH and mRNA for Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes (NQO-1 and GPX2) were significantly lower in Nrf2-deficient than wild-type mice after Cl2 exposure. BSO reduced GSH levels and promoted Cl2-induced airway inflammation in wild-type mice, but not in Nrf2-deficient mice, whereas SFN suppressed Cl2-induced airway inflammation in wild-type but not in Nrf2-deficient mice. AHR was not affected by either BSO or SFN at 48h post Cl2 exposure. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2-dependent phase II enzymes play a role in the resolution of airway inflammation and AHR after Cl2 exposure. Moderate deficiency of GSH affects the magnitude of acute inflammation but not AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ano
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alice Panariti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Allard
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Toby K McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Hamamoto
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yukio Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Shirriff CS, Heikkila JJ. Characterization of cadmium chloride-induced BiP accumulation in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:117-128. [PMID: 27746171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can result in the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded protein in the ER lumen, which can trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR) resulting in the activation of various genes including immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP; also known as glucose-regulated protein 78 or HSPA5). BiP, an ER heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family member, binds to unfolded protein, inhibits their aggregation and re-folds them in an ATP-dependent manner. While cadmium, an environmental contaminant, was shown to induce the accumulation of HSP70 in vertebrate cells, less information is available regarding the effect of this metal on BiP accumulation or function. In this study, cadmium chloride treatment of Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in BiP, HSP70 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) accumulation. Exposure of cells to a relatively low cadmium concentration at a mild heat shock temperature of 30°C greatly enhanced BiP and HSP70 accumulation compared to cadmium at 22°C. Treatment of cells with the glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine, enhanced cadmium-induced BiP and HSP70 accumulation. Immunocytochemistry revealed that cadmium-induced BiP accumulation occurred in a punctate pattern in the perinuclear region. In some cells treated with cadmium chloride or the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, large BiP complexes were observed that co-localized with aggregated protein or aggresome-like structures. These BiP/aggresome-like structures were also observed in cells treated simultaneously with cadmium at 30°C or in the presence of buthionine sulfoximine. In amphibians, the association of BiP with unfolded protein and its possible role in aggresome function may be vital in the maintenance of cellular proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S Shirriff
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John J Heikkila
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Martínez-González JJ, Guevara-Flores A, Rendón JL, Arenal IPD. Auranofin-induced oxidative stress causes redistribution of the glutathione pool in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2015; 201:16-25. [PMID: 26024834 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have studied the effect of the gold-compound auranofin (AF) on both thioredoxin-glutathione reductasa (TGR) activity and viability of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. It was demonstrated that micromolar concentrations of AF were high enough to fully inhibit TGR and kill the parasites. In this work, the dynamics of changes in the glutathione pool of T. crassiceps cysticerci following the addition of AF, was analyzed. A dose-dependent decrease in the internal glutathione concentration, concomitant with an increase in ROS production was observed. These changes were simultaneous with the formation of glutathione-protein complexes and the export of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the culture medium. Incubation of cysticerci in the presence of both AF and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevents all the above changes, maintaining cysticerci viability. By contrast, the presence of both AF and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) resulted in a potentiation of the effects of the gold compound, jeopardizing cysticerci viability. These results suggest the lethal effect of AF on T. crassiceps cysticerci, observed at micromolar concentrations, can be explained as a consequence of major changes in the glutathione status, which results in a significant increase in the oxidative stress of the parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Martínez-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-159, 04510 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - A Guevara-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-159, 04510 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - J L Rendón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-159, 04510 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - I P Del Arenal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-159, 04510 Mexico, DF, Mexico.
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Li L, Fath MA, Scarbrough PM, Watson WH, Spitz DR. Combined inhibition of glycolysis, the pentose cycle, and thioredoxin metabolism selectively increases cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human breast and prostate cancer. Redox Biol 2015; 4:127-35. [PMID: 25560241 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of glycolysis using 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG, 20 mM, 24–48 h) combined with inhibition of the pentose cycle using dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 300 µM, 24–48 h) increased clonogenic cell killing in both human prostate (PC-3 and DU145) and human breast (MDA-MB231) cancer cells via a mechanism involving thiol-mediated oxidative stress. Surprisingly, when 2DG+DHEA treatment was combined with an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis (l-buthionine sulfoximine; BSO, 1 mM) that depleted GSH>90% of control, no further increase in cell killing was observed during 48 h exposures. In contrast, when an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity (Auranofin; Au, 1 µM), was combined with 2DG+DHEA or DHEA-alone for 24 h, clonogenic cell killing was significantly increased in all three human cancer cell lines. Furthermore, enhanced clonogenic cell killing seen with the combination of DHEA+Au was nearly completely inhibited using the thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 20 mM). Redox Western blot analysis of PC-3 cells also supported the conclusion that thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) oxidation was enhanced by treatment DHEA+Au and inhibited by NAC. Importantly, normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) were not as sensitive to 2DG, DHEA, and Au combinations as their cancer cell counterparts (MDA-MB-231). Overall, these results support the hypothesis that inhibition of glycolysis and pentose cycle activity, combined with inhibition of Trx metabolism, may provide a promising strategy for selectively sensitizing human cancer cells to oxidative stress-induced cell killing. Inhibition of both glycolysis and pentose cycle causes oxidative stress in human breast and prostate cancer cells. Combining inhibition of glycolysis and pentose cycle with inhibition of thioredoxin reductase enhances cell killing of these human cancer cells. The toxicity and oxidative stress is selective for cancer vs. normal cells.
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Sajjadian F, Roshangar L, Hemmati A, Nori M, Soleimani-Rad S, Soleimani-Rad J. The effect of BSO-induced oxidative stress on histologic feature of testis: testosterone secretion and semen parameters in mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014; 17:606-12. [PMID: 25422755 PMCID: PMC4240796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibits synthesis of glutathione as the main intracellular antioxidant. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of BSO-induced oxidative stress on histological structure of testis, testosterone secretion and semen parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups. In control group, the mice did not receive any chemical. In the experimental group, the mice received 2 mmol/kg BSO for 35 days. In the sham group, the mice received the solvent of BSO (0.9% saline). After the treatment, the mice were sacrificed. Their testes were fixed in Buein's fixative, embedded in paraffin and prepared for histological studies. To assess semen parameters, the sperms were collected from cauda epididymis. Blood samples were used for determination of super oxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and the serum testosterone level. The data analyzed using ANOVA and Dunnett's tests and SPSS software, version11.5. P- values at 0.05 level considered significant. RESULTS Data showed that in experimental group in comparison to control group; the concentration of CAT, GPX, SOD,GSH and the total level of testosterone is reduced while MDA level is increased significantly. The number of sperms with progressive motility were decreased (P<0.001) but sperms with abnormal morphology were increased (P<0.001). Histological studies revealed that the values for tubal differentiation index and spermatogenic index in experimental group were reduced (P<0.001). CONCLUSION It is concluded that exposure to oxidative stress induced by BSO could affect testicular structure and semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhrosadat Sajjadian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Alireza Hemmati
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nori
- Biochemical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences University of Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani-Rad
- Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani-Rad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
,Corresponding author: Jafar Soleimani Rad. Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Fax: +98-411-3342086;
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Yoshida F, Yamamoto T, Nakai K, Zaboronok A, Matsuda M, Akutsu H, Ishikawa E, Shirakawa M, Matsumura A. Pretreatment with buthionine sulfoximine enhanced uptake and retention of BSH in brain tumor. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 88:86-8. [PMID: 24731546 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To determine the influence of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on boron biodistribution after sulfhydryl borane (BSH) administration for boron neutron capture therapy, the effectiveness of the combination of BSO with sulfhydril- (BSH) and non-sulfhydril (B12H12 and BNH3) boron compounds, and the interval between BSO and BSH administration, the retention of boron in tissues have been evaluated using a 9L rat tumor model. Simultaneous administration of BSH and BSO showed significantly higher boron accumulation compared to that without BSO, however there was no difference in tissue boron level between B12H12 and BNH3 administration with BSO or without BSO. The longer interval (6h) between BSH and BSO administration related to the highest boron concentration in the brain and subcutaneous tumors compared to shorter intervals (0.5, 3h). Boron concentration in subcutaneous and brain tumors was maintained for 6 and 12h after the administration of BSH following BSO pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - K Nakai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - A Zaboronok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - M Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - H Akutsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - E Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - M Shirakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - A Matsumura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Massarsky A, Abraham R, Nguyen KC, Rippstein P, Tayabali AF, Trudeau VL, Moon TW. Nanosilver cytotoxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes and hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 159:10-21. [PMID: 24096131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are present in a multitude of consumer and medical products; however, the toxicity of AgNPs is not fully understood. This research aimed to elucidate the relationship between AgNP cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and damage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes and erythrocytes in comparison to silver ions (Ag(+)). Generally the cytotoxicity of AgNPs and Ag(+) was similar, such that both silver types generated reactive oxygen species, decreased glutathione levels, and decreased activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. Nonetheless, the two silver types had different cellular targets; AgNPs increased lipid peroxidation without apparent uptake into the cells whereas Ag(+) increased DNA damage. Furthermore, the toxicity of both silver types was generally decreased in cells treated with cysteine while treatment with buthionine sulfoximine increased the toxicity of both silver types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Massarsky
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system, which is composed of NADPH, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and thioredoxin, is a key antioxidant system in defense against oxidative stress through its disulfide reductase activity regulating protein dithiol/disulfide balance. The Trx system provides the electrons to thiol-dependent peroxidases (peroxiredoxins) to remove reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with a fast reaction rate. Trx antioxidant functions are also shown by involvement in DNA and protein repair by reducing ribonucleotide reductase, methionine sulfoxide reductases, and regulating the activity of many redox-sensitive transcription factors. Moreover, Trx systems play critical roles in the immune response, virus infection, and cell death via interaction with thioredoxin-interacting protein. In mammalian cells, the cytosolic and mitochondrial Trx systems, in which TrxRs are high molecular weight selenoenzymes, together with the glutathione-glutaredoxin (Grx) system (NADPH, glutathione reductase, GSH, and Grx) control the cellular redox environment. Recently mammalian thioredoxin and glutathione systems have been found to be able to provide the electrons crossly and to serve as a backup system for each other. In contrast, bacteria TrxRs are low molecular weight enzymes with a structure and reaction mechanism distinct from mammalian TrxR. Many bacterial species possess specific thiol-dependent antioxidant systems, and the significance of the Trx system in the defense against oxidative stress is different. Particularly, the absence of a GSH-Grx system in some pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Staphylococcus aureus makes the bacterial Trx system essential for survival under oxidative stress. This provides an opportunity to kill these bacteria by targeting the TrxR-Trx system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Hernández-Breijo B, Monserrat J, Ramírez-Rubio S, Cuevas EP, Vara D, Díaz-Laviada I, Fernández-Moreno MD, Román ID, Gisbert JP, Guijarro LG. Preclinical evaluation of azathioprine plus buthionine sulfoximine in the treatment of human hepatocarcinoma and colon carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3899-911. [PMID: 22025878 PMCID: PMC3198019 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i34.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and the safety of azathioprine (AZA) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) by localized application into HepG2 tumor in vivo.
METHODS: Different hepatoma and colon carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, HuH7, Chang liver, LoVo, RKO, SW-48, SW-480) were grown in minimal essencial medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic solution and maintained in a humidified 37 °C incubator with 5% CO2. These cells were pretreated with BSO for 24 h and then with AZA for different times. We examined the effects of this combination on some proteins and on cellular death. We also studied the efficacy and the safety of AZA (6 mg/kg per day) and BSO (90 mg/kg per day) in HepG2 tumor growth in vivo using athymic mice. We measured safety by serological markers such as aminotransferases and creatine kinase.
RESULTS: The in vitro studies revealed a new mechanism of action for the AZA plus BSO combination in the cancer cells compared with other thiopurines (6-mercaptopurine, 6-methylmercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine and 6-methylthioguanine) in combination with BSO. The cytotoxic effect of AZA plus BSO in HepG2 cells resulted from necroptosis induction in a mitochondrial-dependent manner. From kinetic studies we suggest that glutathione (GSH) depletion stimulates c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and Bax translocation in HepG2 cells with subsequent deregulation of mitochondria (cytochrome c release, loss of membrane potential), and proteolysis activation leading to loss of membrane integrity, release of lactate dehydrogenase and DNA degradation. Some of this biochemical and cellular changes could be reversed by N-acetylcysteine (a GSH replenisher). In vivo studies showed that HepG2 tumor growth was inhibited when AZA was combined with BSO.
CONCLUSION: Our studies suggest that a combination of AZA plus BSO could be useful for localized treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma as in the currently used transarterial chemoembolization method.
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Haratian K, Shamsi Shahrabadi M, Sardari S. Buthionine sulfoximine inhibits cytopathic effects and apoptosis induced by infection with AIK-HDC strain of measles virus. Iran Biomed J 2007; 11:229-235. [PMID: 18392084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious agent which causes a major health problem in developing countries. We studied the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on the replication of an AIK-HDC strain of MV and its induced apoptosis in Vero cell lines. METHODS In this study, toxicity of BSO on Vero cells was investigated first, resulted in determination of sub-lethal or non-toxic concentration zone of BSO for cells. Next, anti-viral effect of BSO at various time limits was evaluated and virus titer was determined at each stage either as 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID) 50 or by plaque assay method. Using specific anti-measles IgG, anti-viral effect of BSO on MV replication cycle was evaluated through indirect immunofluorescence assay, meanwhile presence of viral RNA was investigated by RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis. RESULTS According to the experiments, BSO, at concentration of 50 microM, markedly inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by MV. BSO also significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by MV. BSO either influences replication of MV genome, or may inhibit virion formation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the inhibition of CPE and apoptosis by BSO induced by MV may be associated with the effect of BSO on viral RNA genome. Therefore, it is suggested that MV infections can induce apoptosis through the activation of a common pathway that can be inhibited by BSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Haratian
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soroush Sardari
- 2Dept. of Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of
Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran
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