1
|
Fan Q, Hui X, Li X, Li Q, Yang D, Wang Y. Reaching the cyclosporine a level target slowly in four weeks correlates with better prognosis for Chinese patients after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. Hematology 2023; 28:2275893. [PMID: 37975575 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2275893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the impact of early cyclosporin A (CsA) initiation (day -5) on the risk of acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS Sixty-seven leukaemia patients who underwent allo-HSCT were investigated. The correlation between the CsA level in the first four weeks and the following indices was examined: GvHD, cumulative incidence (CI) of GvHD, CI of relapse at month 18, and non-relapse mortality (NRM) at month 18. RESULTS A significant association between aGvHD and CsA level in the fourth week after allo-HSCT was observed, with the incidence of aGvHD in the fourth week in the lower level group being higher than that in the higher level group (p = 0.044). The CI of aGvHD was 30.1% and 9.8% at day +90 and 42.3% and 17.1% at day +180 in the lower level and higher level groups, respectively. CONCLUSION For Chinese patients, early introduction and reaching the target CsA concentration within four weeks after allo-HSCT have a positive effect on preventing GvHD, especially in the fourth week after HSCT. Compared to the Western population, the target CsA concentration is lower and the time required to reach the target (within 4 weeks) is longer in the Chinese population (274.75 ng/mL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Hui
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dihong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bingöl Kızıltunç P, Büyüktepe TÇ, Yalçındağ FN, Ertem M, İnce E, İleri T, Atilla H. Ocular Findings of Pediatric Dry Eye Related to Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Turk J Ophthalmol 2021; 51:134-138. [PMID: 34187145 PMCID: PMC8251675 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.88137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the frequency and findings of dry eye associated with ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively the records of pediatric patients with ocular GVHD were evaluated and ophthalmologic examination findings as well as Schirmer test results, tear film break-up time, and corneal staining grades were recorded. In severe dry eye patients topical cyclosporine-A was prescribed and the results were evaluated. Results: GVHD was detected in 51 (23.4%) of 218 HSCT patients, 4 of whom died during follow-up. Thirty (63.8%) of the remaining 47 patients had chronic ocular GVHD and 4 patients with severe dry eye were treated with topical cyclosporine-A with a median follow-up of 12.1 months. Severe dry eye symptoms and findings significantly improved in 2 patients. However, 1 patient had to stop treatment due to side effects. Conclusion: In children, chronic ocular GVHD is a common finding of GVHD after HSCT. Therefore, these patients should be examined periodically for dry eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuna Çelik Büyüktepe
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Ertem
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif İnce
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Talia İleri
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huban Atilla
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serrya MS, Nader MA, Abdelmageed ME. Hepatoprotective effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib against cyclosporine-A induced liver injury in rats through blocking the Bax/Cytochrome C/caspase-3 apoptotic signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-13. [PMID: 33710703 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive agent and hepatotoxicity results from CsA treatment. This study aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib against CsA-induced hepatotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups and received drugs for 28 days as follows: Control group: received vehicle, Nilotinib group: received nilotinib (20 mg/kg orally), CsA group: received CsA by subcutaneous injection (20 mg/kg daily), CsA-nilotinib: received nilotinib and CsA. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), liver function biomarkers, hepatic levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, nuclear factor erythroid-2 like-2 (Nrf2), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-1β, IL-6, and cytochrome-C were assessed. Additionally, the protein levels and mRNA expression of Bcl2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured. Moreover, liver tissues were assessed histopathologically using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome stain. Nilotinib treatment decreased serum LDH, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), hepatic malondialdehyde, and cytochrome-C. It also increased superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), TAC, and Nrf2 compared to CsA-injected rats. In addition, nilotinib decreased NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax, and caspase-3, while elevated IL-2 and immunoexpression of HO-1. Additionally, mRNA expression of Bax and caspase-3 was elevated and that of HO-1 and inhibitory protein κB-α was reduced in the nilotinib-treated group. Moreover, nilotinib significantly attenuated CsA-induced histopathological alterations. Nilotinib may have a promising role as a hepato-protective through its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S Serrya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammadi-Farani A, Tamasoki N, Rahimian R. Intra-prefrontal cyclosporine potentiates ketamine-induced fear extinction in rats. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1401-15. [PMID: 33666692 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several brain regions, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), are important in the process of fear extinction learning. Ketamine is a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, which is shown to play a role in extinction modulation. Ketamine and calcineurin (CN), an intracellular protein phosphatase, have several common targets in the cells. Therefore, in the present study, our aim is to investigate the possible role of calcineurin in the mPFC on the enhancing effects of ketamine in fear extinction. First, different doses of a CN inhibitor, cyclosporine-A (CsA), were micro-injected into the infralimbic (IL) region of the mPFC prior to extinction training in a classical conditioning model in rats. Next, sub-effective doses of CsA (Intra-mPFC) and ketamine (i.p.) were co-administered in another cohort of rats to find their possible interactions. Enzymatic activity of calcineurin was measured in the IL-mPFC following drug administration. We used the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open field (OF) test for further behavioral assessments. The results showed that CsA can enhance the extinction of conditioned fear and inhibit the enzyme CN at a dose of 20 nM. The combination of sub-effective doses of CsA (5 nM) and ketamine (10 mg/kg) could again enhance the extinction of fear and reduce CN activity in the region. Our results propose that inhibition of CN in the IL-mPFC is involved in the extinction of fear and ketamine enhancement of extinction is probably mediated by reducing CN activity in this part of the brain.
Collapse
|
5
|
Terreni E, Zucchetti E, Tampucci S, Burgalassi S, Monti D, Chetoni P. Combination of Nanomicellar Technology and In Situ Gelling Polymer as Ocular Drug Delivery System (ODDS) for Cyclosporine-A. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020192. [PMID: 33535607 PMCID: PMC7912864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of in situ gelling systems and a loaded drug self-assembling nanomicellar carrier was chosen in this study as a new potential Ocular Drug Delivery System (ODDS) for Cyclosporine-A (CyA), a poorly water-soluble drug. Two non-ionic surfactants (d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate, VitE-TPGS and polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil, RH-40) were used to produce the nanomicelles. The physical-chemical characterization of the nanomicelles in terms of CyA entrapment (EE%) and loading efficiency (LE%), cloud point (CP), regeneration time (RT), size and polydispersity index (PI) allowed us to select the best combination of surfactant mixture, which showed appropriate stability, high CyA-EE (99.07%), very small and homogeneous dimensions and favored the solubilization of an amount of CyA (0.144% w/w) comparable to that contained in marketed emulsion Ikervis®. The selected nanomicellar formulation incorporated into optimized ion-sensitive polymeric dispersions of gellan gum (GG-LA: 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% w/w) able to trigger the sol-gel transition after instillation was characterized from technological (osmolality, pH, gelling capacity, rheological behavior, wettability, TEM and storage stability at 4 and 20 °C) and biopharmaceutical points of view. This new combined approach allowed us to obtain clear aqueous dispersions that were easy to instill and able to form a viscous gel when in contact with the tear fluid, improving CyA ocular bioavailability. Furthermore, this new ODDS prevented CyA transcorneal permeation, exhibited low cytotoxicity and prolonged the CyA resident time in the precorneal area compared to Ikervis®.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Terreni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (E.Z.); (S.B.); (D.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Erica Zucchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (E.Z.); (S.B.); (D.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (E.Z.); (S.B.); (D.M.); (P.C.)
- Centro 3R (Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research), 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (E.Z.); (S.B.); (D.M.); (P.C.)
- Centro 3R (Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (E.Z.); (S.B.); (D.M.); (P.C.)
- Centro 3R (Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (E.Z.); (S.B.); (D.M.); (P.C.)
- Centro 3R (Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research), 56122 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niazi M, Shirpoor A, Taghizadeh Afshari A, Naderi R, Bagheri M, Pourjabali M, Rasmi Y. Cyclosporine A induces kidney dysfunction by the alteration of molecular mediators involved in slit diaphragm regulation and matrix metalloproteins: the mitigating effect of curcumin. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1223-1231. [PMID: 32905741 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1822323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aimed at investigating the cyclosporine A intake impact with/without curcumin on podocyte protein gene expressions and matrix metalloproteins (MMPs) changes in rat kidney. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar male rats were assigned to the control, sham, cyclosporine A, and cyclosporine A with curcumin groups. RESULTS A significant increase was observed in CD2AP, ACTN4, podocin and also MMP9 and 2, cystatin C levels in the cyclosporine A group following treatment for four weeks, whereas a decrease was found in nephrin gene expression than the control group. In addition, a significant reduction was observed in the cyclosporine A group in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine creatinine, and increased plasma creatinine levels than the control group. Using curcumin plus cyclosporine A ameliorated gene expression alterations and increased the reduced amount of GFR, urine urea, and creatinine while reducing the increased plasma cystatine C, urea, and creatinine levels compared with the cyclosporine A group. CONCLUSION Accordingly, cyclosporine A-induced kidney abnormalities are possibly associated with changes in podocyte intra- and extra-cellular protein gene expression that influence the quality of filtrated fluid via altering the foot process shape and slit diaphragm size. Finally, such impacts are reduced via curcumin as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Niazi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirpoor
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Taghizadeh Afshari
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Bagheri
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Pourjabali
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zmonarski SC, Banasik M, Golebiowski T, Madziarska K, Mazanowska O, Myszka M, Zmonarska J, Letachowicz K, Dawiskiba T, Krajewska M. Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4) expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in renal transplant recipients with pre-transplant chronic interstitial nephritis indicates patients at risk of graft deterioration. Transpl Immunol 2020; 62:101319. [PMID: 32693120 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2020.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Data binding the expression of Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4ex), transplanted kidney function, and the cause of pre-transplant end-stage renal disease are scarcely available. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between pre-transplant chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN), TLR4ex and transplanted kidney function. MATERIALS AND METHODS TLR4ex was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 43 CIN kidney transplant recipients. We compared TLR4ex among 33 patients with pre-transplant chronic non-infectious interstitial nephritis (NIN) and 10 patients with pre-transplant chronic pyelonephritis (Py). At the beginning (Day-0) TLR4ex, as well as concentrations of cyclosporin A (CyA) and tacrolimus (TAC) were determined. Both CIN and NIN patients were divided according to the respective median of TLR4ex into groups of low-TLR4 expression (L-TLR4ex) and high-TLR4 expression (H-TLR4ex). Serum creatinine/glomerular filtration rate (sCr/EGFR) was assessed on Day-0 and after the follow-up (F-up). The magnitudes of sCr/EGFR change (ΔsCr/ΔEGFR) were evaluated. The treatment was maintained stable along the F-up period (median 11.9 months). RESULTS Day-0: in CIN with L-TLR4ex TAC was lower but sCr/EGFR were not different from H-TLR4ex; in Py TLR4ex and TAC were lower than in NIN with no difference in sCR/eGFR. After F-up: in CIN with L-TLR4ex sCR/EGFR and ΔsCr/ΔEGFR were worse than in H-TLR4ex; in Py sCR/EGFR and ΔsCr/ΔEGFR were worse than in NIN. The regression analysis points out prospective impact of Py and TLR4ex on sCR/eGFR and ΔsCr/ΔeGFR. CONCLUSION In CIN, both TLR4ex and Tac appear to be a useful positive predictor of the effectiveness of immunosuppression. Chronic pyelonephritis indirectly promotes faster progression of chronic transplanted kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir C Zmonarski
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslaw Banasik
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Golebiowski
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Madziarska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Oktawia Mazanowska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Myszka
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Zmonarska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Letachowicz
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Dawiskiba
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Vascular, General and Transplant Surgery, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Krajewska
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Borowska 213 Str., 50-553 Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu C, Zhu P, Fujino M, Isaka Y, Ito H, Takahashi K, Nakajima M, Tanaka T, Zhuang J, Li XK. 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), enhances heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression and attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis and renal apoptosis in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:583-589. [PMID: 30514440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant indicated for various immunological diseases; however, it can induce chronic kidney injury. Oxidative stress and apoptosis play a crucial role in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. The present study evaluated the protective effect of combining 5-aminolaevulinic acid with iron (5-ALA/SFC), a precursor of heme synthesis, to enhance HO-1 activity against CsA-induced chronic nephrotoxicity. METHODS Mice were divided into three groups: the control group (using olive oil as a vehicle), CsA-only group, and CsA+5-ALA/SFC group. After 28 days, the mice were sacrificed, and blood and kidney samples were collected. In addition to histological and biochemical examination, the mRNA expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines was assessed. RESULTS Renal function in the 5-ALA/SFC treatment group as assessed by the serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen levels was superior to that of the CsA-only treatment group, demonstrating that 5-ALA/SFC significantly attenuated CsA-induced kidney tissue inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and tubular atrophy, as well as reducing the mRNA level of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β1, and iNOS while increasing HO-1. CONCLUSION The activity of 5-ALA/SFC has important implications for clarifying the mechanism of HO-1 activity in CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and may provide a favorable basis for clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vesole AS, Nagahama Y, Granner MA, Howard MA, Kawasaki H, Dlouhy BJ. Drug-resistant epilepsy development following stem cell transplant and cyclosporine neurotoxicity induced seizures: Case report in an adult and analysis of reported cases in the literature. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2018; 10:8-13. [PMID: 30062084 PMCID: PMC6064196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebcr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) occurs in 20–30% of all patients who develop epilepsy and can occur from diverse causes. Cyclosporine-A (CSA) is an immunosuppressive drug utilized to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in transplant patients and is known to cause neurotoxicity, including seizures. In some cases, however, patients can develop DRE. Only a limited number of cases have been reported in which DRE has developed after CSA exposure — all in children. Here we present a rare case of an adult developing DRE after post-transplant CSA neurotoxicity. In addition, we provide a comprehensive review and analysis of all reported cases in the literature. Case report A 29-year-old man with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma underwent an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and experienced a CSA-induced seizure at 7.5 months' post-transplant. The patient was discontinued on CSA and began a low dose tacrolimus regimen. At 33 months' post-transplant, he had seizure recurrence and developed DRE. Imaging revealed right mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and video EEG localized ictal activity to the right anterior temporal lobe. He was successfully treated with a right anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy. Literature review Seven peer-reviewed studies described 15 patients who underwent transplantation with post-transplant CSA administration and subsequently developed DRE following an initial CSA-induced seizure. All 15 patients were children suggesting that young age is a risk factor for DRE after CSA-induced seizures. Initial CSA-induced seizures occurred at an average of 1.6 ± 1.1 months after transplant and seizure recurrence 9.2 ± 8.0 months after transplant. All reported CSA routes of administration (n = 6) were intravenous and 7 of 9 (78%) reported CSA blood levels above the therapeutic range. The incidence of MTS (40%) in these 15 patients was significantly higher than the incidence in the general DRE population (24%) and was most effectively treated via epilepsy surgery. Conclusions The use of cyclosporine for GvHD prophylaxis and treatment following transplantation may cause seizures and be associated with DRE. Although discontinuation and dose decrease of CSA often reverse adverse neurological events, initial CSA-induced seizures may be associated with MTS that and subsequent greater risk of DRE development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Vesole
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yasunori Nagahama
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark A Granner
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Dlouhy
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Yan Z, Fang Q. A Mechanism Study Underlying the Protective Effects of Cyclosporine-A on Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Pharmacology 2017; 100:83-90. [PMID: 28501872 DOI: 10.1159/000458760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study is aimed at validating the hypothesis that administration of cyclosporine-A (CsA) would be protective in lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and in exploring the underlying mechanism. METHODS Rabbits were divided into 4 groups: the control, sham operation, I/R, and I/R with CsA treatment. Flow cytometry was used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential. Laser scanning confocal microscope was used to analyze mitochondrion permeability transition pore (MPTP). The apoptotic cell was detected by the TUNEL staining. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expression levels. RESULTS CsA not only attenuated the histopathologic alterations in lung and mitochondria after I/R injury, but also attenuated I/R injury through increasing MPP and inhibiting MPTP opening. Besides, CsA attenuated I/R injury through suppressing the release of cytochrome-c (CytC), inhibiting cell apoptosis and decreasing the expression levels of cyclophilin-D (Cyp-D), adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1) and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1). Finally, we found that Cyp-D knockdown inhibits I/R injury-induced MPTP opening and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study found that the protective role of CsA on lung I/R injury depends on the inhibition of MPTP and CytC release, suppression of the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the expressions of apoptotic-related proteins, as well as the decreased expression levels of ANT1 and VDAC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian''an Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rao SR, Sundararajan S, Subbarayan R, Murugan Girija D. Cyclosporine-A induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and influences pro-apoptotic factors in human gingival fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:179-185. [PMID: 28324237 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine-A (CsA) induces gingival overgrowth. Cyclosporine's anti-apoptotic activity in human gingival fibroblast is due to desensitization of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and augmentation of anti-apoptotic, Bcl2. Alternative mechanisms of apoptosis exist involving enzymes like calcium-dependent Calpain and signaling events related to apoptosis, like Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and protein kinase A (PKA). Cyclosporine-A in renal tubular cells induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) which has not been explored in gingival overgrowth. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the influence of Cyclosporine-on ER stress and on the alternate anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Human gingival fibroblasts were treated with CsA, and expression of ER stress markers, such as binding immunoglobulin protein and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), MPTP, and expression of Calpain & GSK3β /PKA were estimated. The results showed CsA-added fibroblast significantly increasing the expression of Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Contrary to usual ER stress outcome of apoptosis, we observed Cyclosporine's anti-apoptotic action in spite of augmented ER stress markers. We conclude that CsA's independent action on different organelles may alter the conventional outcome of ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ranga Rao
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Faculty of Dental Sciences & Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India.
| | - Shiyamali Sundararajan
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Faculty of Dental Sciences & Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Rajasekaran Subbarayan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Dinesh Murugan Girija
- Centre for Indian Systems of Medicine Quality Assurance and Standardization, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fakharnia F, Khodagholi F, Dargahi L, Ahmadiani A. Prevention of Cyclophilin D-Mediated mPTP Opening Using Cyclosporine-A Alleviates the Elevation of Necroptosis, Autophagy and Apoptosis-Related Markers Following Global Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 61:52-60. [PMID: 27664163 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a complex channel of the inner membrane, the opening of which leads to mitochondrial swelling and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of the cyclophilin D (CypD) as a prominent mediator of mPTP, on necroptosis and autophagy as well as apoptosis, beyond the global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We showed that while cerebral I/R injury is accompanied by loss of MMP, mitochondrial swelling and programmed cell death, pretreatment with cyclosporine-A (CsA) as a potent inhibitor of CypD, led to partial but significant reduction in necroptosis markers, RIP1 and RIP3 as well as activity of glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), downstream enzymes of RIP3. Administration of CsA also partially decreased autophagy associated proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as caspase-3 activation, as the executioner of apoptosis, noticeably decreased by CsA pretreatment. Taken together, our results suggest that the CypD alongside the apoptosis regulation plays a partial role in inducing necroptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farinoosh Fakharnia
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akhter S, Anwar M, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad I, Ahmad J, Ahmad MZ, Bhatnagar A, Ahmad FJ. Improving the topical ocular pharmacokinetics of an immunosuppressant agent with mucoadhesive nanoemulsions: Formulation development, in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:19-29. [PMID: 27591567 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Topical ocular conditions such as cornea transplant rejection and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (so called dry eye disease) require therapeutic concentration of immunosuppressant onto the ocular surface for prolonged period. Based on this rational, we optimized cyclosporine A (Cy-A) loaded polymeric mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (Cy-A-mN) with higher Cy-A payload, improved ocular retention, corneal and conjunctival bioavailability. The concentrations of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant needed for the stable nanoemulsion were screened followed by phase behavior study of the formulations components by the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The concentration of chitosan was optimized according to the blinking force of eyelids. The size distribution, surface charge, mucoadhesiveness and Cy-A release were studied for Cy-A-mN along with other formulations. The corneal retention of Cy-A-mN was evaluated by gamma scintigraphy, revealing that the clearance was slowest in the case of Cy-A-mN. Biodistribution performed in rabbits showed that Cy-A-mN was able to maintain the therapeutic concentrations (≥50-300ng/g) of Cy-A in the cornea and conjunctiva over the period of 24h. The safety of formulation was confirmed by Draize's test and by measuring the ocular surface temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Akhter
- Nucleic Acids Transfer by Non Viral Methods, Centre de BiophysiqueMoléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; LE STUDIUM(®) Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire Region, France; Nanomedicine Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammed Anwar
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India
| | | | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli 229010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseem Bhatnagar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organisation, Brig. SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, 110062 New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Raeisi S, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Argani H, Dastmalchi S, Ghasemi B, Ghazizadeh T, Rashtchizadeh N, Mesgari Abbasi M, Bargahi N, Nemati M, Mota A, Vatankhah AM. The effects of valsartan on renal glutathione peroxidase expression in alleviation of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in rats. Bioimpacts 2016; 6:119-124. [PMID: 27853675 PMCID: PMC5108984 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Introduction: Nephrotoxicity as a side effect caused by the immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporine-A (CsA), can be a major problem in transplant medicine. Oxidative stress may play an important role in the CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. It has been shown that the antihypertensive drug, valsartan (Val), has also renoprotective effects but, its molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the Val effect in the alleviation of CsA nephrotoxicity via probable renal glutathione peroxidase (GPx) upregulation and oxidative stress decrease.
Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups based on CsA and/or Val administration: group A (Control, 1 mL/kg/day of olive oil as vehicle), group B (CsA, 30 mg/kg/day), group C (CsA+Val, 30+30 mg/kg/day), and group D (Val, 30 mg/kg/day). After the administration period (six weeks), renal GPx expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasma levels of GPx and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl groups (PCG) were measured by spectrophotometer. Plasma levels of urea and creatinine were measured by an autoanalyzer.
Results: CsA treatment led to the decrease in renal expression and plasma levels of GPx in comparison to other study groups. Rats received CsA were detected to have significantly (p<0.05) higher plasma 8-OHdG, MDA, PCG, urea, and creatinine levels in comparison to other groups. Plasma urea and creatinine levels were negatively correlated with renal GPx expression and positively correlated with the oxidative stress markers.
Conclusion:Administration of Val may result in attenuating the nephrotoxic side effect of CsA via probable renal GPx upregulation, and subsequently oxidative stress decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Raeisi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Argani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babollah Ghasemi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Teimour Ghazizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Nasrin Bargahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mota
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Almahrog AJ, Radwan LRS, El-Zehery RR, Mourad MI, Grawish ME. In vivo association of immunophenotyped macrophages expressing CD163 with PDGF-B in gingival overgrowth-induced by three different categories of medications. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2016; 6:10-7. [PMID: 26937363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study was carried out to identify and outline the degree of relationship between immunophenotyped macrophages expressing CD163 and PDGF-B in cyclosporine-A, phenytoin, and nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. METHODS Eighty adult male albino rats were selected and divided into four equal groups. Group I received no treatment. Rats of groups II, III, and IV were administered cyclosporine-A, phenytoin, and nifedipine, respectively. Routine tissue processing was carried out for staining with CD163 and PDGF-B. The results of this study were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Group I exhibited score 0 gingival overgrowth while group II yielded score 3 with blunt and bulbous gingival crests. Rats of group III showed score 2 with knife edge and group IV revealed less pronounced gingival overgrowth and mostly the gingival crest was knife edge. Group II had the highest mean value for CD163 while group I showed the lowest value. In addition, group II had the highest mean value for PDGF-B while group I showed the lowest value. Statistically, there was an overall significant difference between the studied groups as well as between each two groups. CONCLUSION Strong association exists between immunophenotyped macrophages expressing CD163 and PDGF-B in GO induced by these medications. In addition, CD163 and PDGF-B upregulated in cyclosporine-A-induced GO compared to phenytoin and nifedipine medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina J Almahrog
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Almergib University, Libya
| | - Lobna R S Radwan
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Rehab R El-Zehery
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Mourad
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E Grawish
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hamada S, Moore TCB, Moore JE, Al-Dreihi MG, Anbari A, Shah S. Assessment of the effect of cyclosporine-A 0.05% emulsion on the ocular surface and corneal sensation following cataract surgery. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2015; 39:15-9. [PMID: 26275686 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effect of cyclosporine-A (CsA) 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion on corneal sensation and ocular surface problems following cataract surgery. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double masked clinical trial. METHODS Consecutive case series of patients attending for bilateral cataract surgery. Subject's eyes were randomized to receive either topical CsA or carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% (CMC) eye drops twice daily for one month following routine cataract surgery. Subjective and objective assessments were performed pre-operatively, one week, and one month after surgery. Primary safety parameters included best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and incidence of adverse events. Objective assessments included tests of tear film (osmolarity, tear break-up time, and Schirmer's type-I test), ocular surface staining, corneal sensitivity and a subjective assessment: ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. RESULTS 30 subjects (60 eyes) were recruited. At one month following cataract surgery, osmolarity, ocular surface staining, TBUT, Schirmer's results showed a greater improvement after CsA drops compared to CMC and this was statistically significant for all measures (p<0.05). All corneal sensation measurements were reduced after one week and one month. Eyes receiving CsA had higher recovery of corneal sensation at both time points post operatively and this was statistically significant at one month. OSDI questionnaire results did not show a statistically significant difference between the two eyes. CONCLUSIONS CsA is effective and safe in the management of ocular surface problems after cataract surgery and allows faster recovery of corneal sensation. This recovery of sensation may be relevant to the improvement in ocular surface problems in all patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Hamada
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, NI, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK; Corneo Plastic Unit and Eye Bank, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| | - Tara C B Moore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, NI, UK
| | - Jonathan E Moore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, NI, UK; Cathedral Eye Clinic, Belfast, NI, UK
| | | | - Anas Anbari
- Corneo Plastic Unit and Eye Bank, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK; Manar International Hospital, Damascus, Syria
| | - Sunil Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, NI, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK; Midland Eye, Solihull, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nicolao MC, Cumino AC. Biochemical and molecular characterization of the calcineurin in Echinococcus granulosus larval stages. Acta Trop 2015; 146:141-51. [PMID: 25818323 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca(2+)-calmodulin activated serine-threonine protein phosphatase that couples the local or global calcium signals, thus controlling important cellular functions in physiological and developmental processes. The aim of this study was to characterize CaN in Echinococcus granulosus (Eg-CaN), a human cestode parasite of clinical importance, both functionally and molecularly. We found that the catalytic subunit isoforms have predicted sequences of 613 and 557 amino acids and are substantially similar to those of the human counterpart, except for the C-terminal end. We also found that the regulatory subunit consists of 169 amino acids which are 87% identical to the human ortholog. We cloned a cDNA encoding for one of the two catalytic subunit isoforms of CaN (Eg-can-A1) as well as the only copy of the Eg-can-B gene, both constitutively transcribed in all Echinococcus larval stages and responsible for generating a functionally active heterodimer. Eg-CaN native enzyme has phosphatase activity, which is enhanced by Ca(2+)/Ni(2+) and reduced by cyclosporine A and Ca(2+) chelators. Participation of Eg-CaN in exocytosis was demonstrated using the FM4-64 probe and Eg-CaN-A was immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of tegumental cells, suckers and excretory bladder of protoscoleces. We also showed that the Eg-can-B transcripts were down-regulated in response to low Ca(2+) intracellular level, in agreement with decreased enzyme activity. Confocal microscopy revealed a striking pattern of Eg-CaN-A in discrete fluorescent spots in the protoscolex posterior bladder and vesicularized protoscoleces beginning the vesicular differentiation. In contrast, Eg-CaN-A was undetectable during the pre-microcyst closing stage while a high DDX-like RNA helicase expression was evidenced. Finally, we identified and analyzed the expression of CaN-related endogenous regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Celeste Nicolao
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Andrea C Cumino
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel 2, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ghaffari S, Kazemi B, Toluey M, Sepehrvand N. The effect of prethrombolytic cyclosporine-A injection on clinical outcome of acute anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 31:e34-9. [PMID: 23061531 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reperfusion injury reduces the benefits of early reperfusion therapies after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a potent inhibitor of opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which has been shown to play a key role in myocardial reperfusion injury. The impact of this treatment on clinical outcomes of acute STEMI remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate the clinical outcomes of using this drug in patients with acute anterior STEMI receiving thrombolytic treatment (TLT). METHODS In this double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 101 patients with acute anterior STEMI who were candidate for TLT, were enrolled and randomly assigned into treatment or control groups. Patients in the treatment group received an intravenous bolus injection of 2.5 mg/kg of CsA immediately before TLT. The patients in the control group received an equivalent volume of normal saline. Infarct size, occurrence of major arrhythmias, heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), TLT-related complications, in-hospital and 6-month mortality rates were investigated. RESULTS There were no significant differences among the demographics, myocardial enzyme release, occurrence of major arrhythmias [9 (18%) vs. 12 (23.5%), P = 0.80], heart failure [18 (36%) vs. 19 (38.3%), P = 0.83], LVEF at first day [34.7 ± 9.9% vs. 33.5 ± 8.1%, P = 0.50] or at discharge [37.7 ± 10% vs. 36.1 ± 8.2%, P = 0.43], and in-hospital [4 (8%) vs. 6 (11.8%), P = 0.74] or 6-month mortality rates [9 (18%) vs. 10 (19.6%), P = 0.99] between the CsA vs. the control group. CONCLUSION In this study, the prethrombolytic administration of CsA was not associated with a reduction in the infarct size or any improvement in clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ghaffari
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Nikfam S, Karimian S, Khashayar P, Malekzadeh R. Cyclosporine-A Versus Prednisolone for Induction of Remission in Auto-immune Hepatitis: Interim Analysis Report of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Middle East J Dig Dis 2013; 5:193-200. [PMID: 24829691 PMCID: PMC3990153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroids are used to induce remission in auto-immune hepatitis.They are not universally effective; therefore, alternative treatments are needed.In this study Cysclosporine-A has been compared with prednisolone as an alternativetreatment in a randomized controlled trial. This paper is an interimanalysis of an ongoing clinical trial. METHODS Sixteen years and older consenting patients were enrolled. Group-A receivedprednisolone and group-B cyclosporine-A according to a preset protocoland followed at regular intervals for 48 weeks. Final assessment was doneat week 48. Primary outcome was response rate as defined below. "Completeresponse" was defined as achieving AST and ALT in the normal range andabsence of any clinical signs of deterioration, and partial response was definedas a decrease in AST and ALT by less than half of their original values but notto within normal limit. Non-responding ones at week eight were switched tothe other arm. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled (24 group-A, 9 male). Mean AST andALT at baseline were higher in group-B, but other variables were comparable.At week 12, 34.8% and 64.3% of group-A and B had achieved AST and ALTin the normal range (less than 40 IU/L) respectively (p=0.081). Correspondingfigures at week 48 were 50.0% and 47.6% (p=0.62 & 0.48 respectively).At week 12, 86.9% and 85.7% of patients had AST and ALT levels less thantwice upper normal limit in groups-A and B respectively (p=0.54 & 0.42).Corresponding figures at week 48 were 90.0% for both groups. There was onetreatment failure in group-B which did not respond to prednisolone either.Serious adverse events (death and liver transplantation) occurred in group-Aonly. Serum creatinine did not change during the study period in either group. CONCLUSION According to our data, Cyclosporine-A is as effective as prednisolone forinduction of remission in AIH. Adverse events and serious adverse events weremore common with prednisolone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam
- 1Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
,Corresponding Author: Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam, MD, MPH Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, North Amirabad Ave, Tehran 14117, Iran Tel: + 98 21 82415113 Fax: +98 21 82415400
| | - Sepideh Nikfam
- 1Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Karimian
- 1Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- 2Endocrinology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- 1Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
DI LEO E, COPPOLA F, NETTIS E, VACCA A, QUARANTA N. Late recovery with cyclosporine-A of an auto-immune sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2011; 31:399-401. [PMID: 22323852 PMCID: PMC3272869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss of immune-mediated origin may be present as a symptom in systemic autoimmune diseases or may occur as a primary disorder without other organ involvement (auto-immune inner ear disease). The diagnosis of auto-immune inner ear disease is still predicated on clinical features and to date specific diagnostic tests are not available. We report a case of right-sided sudden hearing loss in a female patient in which the clinical manifestations, in addition to ANA positivity and hypocomplementaemia allowed us to hypothesize an auto-immune inner ear disease. The immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine-A was capable of a recovery of the hearing that, however, occurred progressively with normalization of the hearing function after 1 year of treatment. cyclosporine-A could be proposed as a therapeutic option in case of auto-immune inner ear disease allowing the suspension of corticosteroids that, at high dose, expose patients to potentially serious adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. DI LEO
- Section of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases;,Address for correspondence: Dr. E. Di Leo, Cattedra di Allergologia ed Immunologia Clinica, Università di Bari, Policlinico, piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. E-mail:
| | - F. COPPOLA
- Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, "G. Lugli" Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngoiatrics
| | - E. NETTIS
- Section of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases
| | - A. VACCA
- Section of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases;, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - N. QUARANTA
- Otorhinolaryngology Clinic, "G. Lugli" Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngoiatrics
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Biswal N, Narayanan P, Chetan G. Cyclosporine A responsive pure red cell aplasia in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2007; 23:107-8. [PMID: 23100926 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-008-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PRCA is a rare complication in SLE. Response to various drugs like steroid, Intravenous Immunoglobin (IVIG), recombinant human erythropoietin and plasmapheresis vary in different cases.Cyclosporin A may be effective in cases even unresponsive to other modalities of therapy.
Collapse
|