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Ricobaraza A, Bunuales M, Gonzalez-Aparicio M, Fadila S, Rubinstein M, Vides-Urrestarazu I, Banderas J, Sola-Sevilla N, Sanchez-Carpintero R, Lanciego JL, Roda E, Honrubia A, Arnaiz P, Hernandez-Alcoceba R. Preferential expression of SCN1A in GABAergic neurons improves survival and epileptic phenotype in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1587-1601. [PMID: 37819378 PMCID: PMC10697872 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The SCN1A gene encodes the alpha subunit of a voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.1), which is essential for the function of inhibitory neurons in the brain. Mutations in this gene cause severe encephalopathies such as Dravet syndrome (DS). Upregulation of SCN1A expression by different approaches has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in preclinical models of DS. Limiting the effect to inhibitory neurons may contribute to the restoration of brain homeostasis, increasing the safety and efficacy of the treatment. In this work, we have evaluated different approaches to obtain preferential expression of the full SCN1A cDNA (6 Kb) in GABAergic neurons, using high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdV). In order to favour infection of these cells, we considered ErbB4 as a surface target. Incorporation of the EGF-like domain from neuregulin 1 alpha (NRG1α) in the fiber of adenovirus capsid allowed preferential infection in cells lines expressing ErbB4. However, it had no impact on the infectivity of the vector in primary cultures or in vivo. For transcriptional control of transgene expression, we developed a regulatory sequence (DP3V) based on the Distal-less homolog enhancer (Dlx), the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) promoter, and a portion of the SCN1A gene. The hybrid DP3V promoter allowed preferential expression of transgenes in GABAergic neurons both in vitro and in vivo. A new HC-AdV expressing SCN1A under the control of this promoter showed improved survival and amelioration of the epileptic phenotype in a DS mouse model. These results increase the repertoire of gene therapy vectors for the treatment of DS and indicate a new avenue for the refinement of gene supplementation in this disease. KEY MESSAGES: Adenoviral vectors can deliver the SCN1A cDNA and are amenable for targeting. An adenoviral vector displaying an ErbB4 ligand in the capsid does not target GABAergic neurons. A hybrid promoter allows preferential expression of transgenes in GABAergic neurons. Preferential expression of SCN1A in GABAergic cells is therapeutic in a Dravet syndrome model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ricobaraza
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, CIMA, Av. Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Bunuales
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, CIMA, Av. Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuela Gonzalez-Aparicio
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, CIMA, Av. Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saja Fadila
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Rubinstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Goldschleger Eye Research Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irene Vides-Urrestarazu
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, CIMA, Av. Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julliana Banderas
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, CIMA, Av. Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noemi Sola-Sevilla
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, CIMA, Av. Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocio Sanchez-Carpintero
- University Clinic of Navarra, Dravet Syndrome Unit, Pediatric Neurology Unit, IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Lanciego
- Department of Neuroscience, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Roda
- Department of Neuroscience, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adriana Honrubia
- Department of Neuroscience, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Arnaiz
- Department of Neuroscience, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, CIMA, Av. Pio XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Neal S, McCulloch KJ, Napoli FR, Daly CM, Coleman JH, Koenig KM. Co-option of the limb patterning program in cephalopod eye development. BMC Biol 2022; 20:1. [PMID: 34983491 PMCID: PMC8728989 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Across the Metazoa, similar genetic programs are found in the development of analogous, independently evolved, morphological features. The functional significance of this reuse and the underlying mechanisms of co-option remain unclear. Cephalopods have evolved a highly acute visual system with a cup-shaped retina and a novel refractive lens in the anterior, important for a number of sophisticated behaviors including predation, mating, and camouflage. Almost nothing is known about the molecular-genetics of lens development in the cephalopod. Results Here we identify the co-option of the canonical bilaterian limb patterning program during cephalopod lens development, a functionally unrelated structure. We show radial expression of transcription factors SP6-9/sp1, Dlx/dll, Pbx/exd, Meis/hth, and a Prdl homolog in the squid Doryteuthis pealeii, similar to expression required in Drosophila limb development. We assess the role of Wnt signaling in the cephalopod lens, a positive regulator in the developing Drosophila limb, and find the regulatory relationship reversed, with ectopic Wnt signaling leading to lens loss. Conclusion This regulatory divergence suggests that duplication of SP6-9 in cephalopods may mediate the co-option of the limb patterning program. Thus, our study suggests that this program could perform a more universal developmental function in radial patterning and highlights how canonical genetic programs are repurposed in novel structures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01182-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Neal
- John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellowship Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kyle J McCulloch
- John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellowship Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Francesca R Napoli
- John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellowship Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christina M Daly
- John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellowship Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - James H Coleman
- John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellowship Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kristen M Koenig
- John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellowship Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Fazel Darbandi S, Esau C, Lesage-Pelletier C, Monis S, Poitras L, Yu M, Perin S, Hatch G, Ekker M. Increased Sociability in Mice Lacking Intergenic Dlx Enhancers. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718948. [PMID: 34671237 PMCID: PMC8520905 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dlx homeodomain transcription factors play important roles in the differentiation and migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors. The mouse and human genomes each have six Dlx genes organized into three convergently transcribed bigene clusters (Dlx1/2, Dlx3/4, and Dlx5/6) with cis-regulatory elements (CREs) located in the intergenic region of each cluster. Amongst these, the I56i and I12b enhancers from the Dlx1/2 and Dlx5/6 locus, respectively, are active in the developing forebrain. I56i is also a binding site for GTF2I, a transcription factor whose function is associated with increased sociability and Williams-Beuren syndrome. In determining the regulatory roles of these CREs on forebrain development, we have generated mutant mouse-lines where Dlx forebrain intergenic enhancers have been deleted (I56i(-/-), I12b(-/-)). Loss of Dlx intergenic enhancers impairs expression of Dlx genes as well as some of their downstream targets or associated genes including Gad2 and Evf2. The loss of the I56i enhancer resulted in a transient decrease in GABA+ cells in the developing forebrain. The intergenic enhancer mutants also demonstrate increased sociability and learning deficits in a fear conditioning test. Characterizing mice with mutated Dlx intergenic enhancers will help us to further enhance our understanding of the role of these Dlx genes in forebrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Crystal Esau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Simon Monis
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luc Poitras
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Perin
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Hatch
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Hoshino C, Konno A, Hosoi N, Kaneko R, Mukai R, Nakai J, Hirai H. GABAergic neuron-specific whole-brain transduction by AAV-PHP.B incorporated with a new GAD65 promoter. Mol Brain 2021; 14:33. [PMID: 33588899 PMCID: PMC7885384 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons play a critical role in tuning neural networks in the central nervous system, and their defects are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, the mDlx enhancer is solely used for adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-mediated transgene delivery into cortical interneurons. Here, we developed a new inhibitory neuron-specific promoter (designated as the mGAD65 promoter), with a length of 2.5 kb, from a mouse genome upstream of exon 1 of the Gad2 gene encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65. Intravenous infusion of blood-brain barrier-penetrating AAV-PHP.B expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the mGAD65 promoter transduced the whole brain in an inhibitory neuron-specific manner. The specificity and efficiency of the mGAD65 promoter for GABAergic interneurons, which was assessed at the motor cortex, were almost identical to or slightly higher than those of the mDlx enhancer. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the mGAD65 promoter preferentially transduced parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons. Notably, the mGAD65 promoter transduced chandelier cells more efficiently than the mDlx enhancer and robustly labeled their synaptic boutons, called the cartridge, targeting the axon initial segments of excitatory pyramidal neurons. To test the ability of the mGAD65 promoter to express a functional molecule, we virally expressed G-CaMP, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, in the motor cortex, and this enabled us to monitor spontaneous and drug-induced Ca2+ activity in GABAergic inhibitory neurons. These results suggest that the mGAD65 promoter is useful for AAV-mediated targeting and manipulation of GABAergic neurons with the dominance of cortical PV-expressing neurons, including chandelier cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Hoshino
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Nobutake Hosoi
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Bioresource Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryo Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Junichi Nakai
- Division of Oral Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, 371-8511 Japan
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Solek CM, Feng S, Perin S, Weinschutz Mendes H, Ekker M. Lineage tracing of dlx1a/2a and dlx5a/6a expressing cells in the developing zebrafish brain. Dev Biol 2017; 427:131-147. [PMID: 28479339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lineage tracing of specific populations of progenitor cells provides crucial information about developmental programs. Four members of the Dlx homeobox gene family, Dlx1,2, 5 and 6, are involved in the specification of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons in the vertebrate forebrain. Orthologous genes in mammals and teleost show similarities in expression patterns and transcriptional regulation mechanisms. We have used lineage tracing to permanently label dlx-expressing cells in the zebrafish and have characterized the progeny of these cells in the larva and in the juvenile and adult brain. We have found that dlx1a/2a and dlx5a/6a expressing progenitors give rise, for the most part, to small populations of cells which constitute only a small proportion of GABAergic cells in the adult brain tissue. Moreover, some of the cells do not acquire a neuronal phenotype suggesting that, regardless of the time a cell expresses dlx genes in the brain, it can potentially give rise to cells other than neurons. In some instances, labeling larval dlx5a/6a-expressing cells, but not dlx1a/2a-expressing cells, results in massively expanding, widespread clonal expansion throughout the adult brain. Our data provide a detailed lineage analysis of the dlx1a/2a and dlx5a/6a expressing progenitors in the zebrafish brain and lays the foundation for further characterization of the role of these transcription factors beyond the specification of GABAergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Solek
- CAREG, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Shengrui Feng
- CAREG, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Sofia Perin
- CAREG, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Hellen Weinschutz Mendes
- CAREG, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marc Ekker
- CAREG, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
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Santos-Durán GN, Ferreiro-Galve S, Menuet A, Quintana-Urzainqui I, Mazan S, Rodríguez-Moldes I, Candal E. The Shark Alar Hypothalamus: Molecular Characterization of Prosomeric Subdivisions and Evolutionary Trends. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:113. [PMID: 27932958 PMCID: PMC5121248 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is an important physiologic center of the vertebrate brain involved in the elaboration of individual and species survival responses. To better understand the ancestral organization of the alar hypothalamus we revisit previous data on ScOtp, ScDlx2/5, ScTbr1, ScNkx2.1 expression and Pax6 immunoreactivity jointly with new data on ScNeurog2, ScLhx9, ScLhx5, and ScNkx2.8 expression, in addition to immunoreactivity to serotonin (5-HT) and doublecortin (DCX) in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula, a key species for this purpose since cartilaginous fishes are basal representatives of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Our study revealed a complex genoarchitecture for the chondrichthyan alar hypothalamus. We identified terminal (rostral) and peduncular (caudal) subdivisions in the prosomeric paraventricular and subparaventricular areas (TPa/PPa and TSPa/PSPa, respectively) evidenced by the expression pattern of developmental genes like ScLhx5 (TPa) and immunoreactivity against Pax6 (PSPa) and 5-HT (PPa and PSPa). Dorso-ventral subdivisions were only evidenced in the SPa (SPaD, SPaV; respectively) by means of Pax6 and ScNkx2.8 (respectively). Interestingly, ScNkx2.8 expression overlaps over the alar-basal boundary, as Nkx2.2 does in other vertebrates. Our results reveal evidences for the existence of different groups of tangentially migrated cells expressing ScOtp, Pax6, and ScDlx2. The genoarchitectonic comparative analysis suggests alternative interpretations of the rostral-most alar plate in prosomeric terms and reveals a conserved molecular background for the vertebrate alar hypothalamus likely acquired before/during the agnathan-gnathostome transition, on which Otp, Pax6, Lhx5, and Neurog2 are expressed in the Pa while Dlx and Nkx2.2/Nkx2.8 are expressed in the SPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel N Santos-Durán
- Grupo BRAINSHARK, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Ferreiro-Galve
- Grupo BRAINSHARK, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Arnaud Menuet
- CNRS, UMR 7355, University of Orleans Orleans, France
| | - Idoia Quintana-Urzainqui
- Grupo BRAINSHARK, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain; Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK
| | - Sylvie Mazan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS UMR7232 Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Observatoire Océanologique Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Moldes
- Grupo BRAINSHARK, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Candal
- Grupo BRAINSHARK, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Fazel Darbandi S, Poitras L, Monis S, Lindtner S, Yu M, Hatch G, Rubenstein JL, Ekker M. Functional consequences of I56ii Dlx enhancer deletion in the developing mouse forebrain. Dev Biol 2016; 420:S0012-1606(16)30263-9. [PMID: 27983964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dlx homeobox genes encode a group of transcription factors that play an essential role during developmental processes including maintaining the differentiation, proliferation and migration of GABAergic interneurons. The Dlx1/2 and Dlx5/6 genes are expressed in the forebrain and are arranged in convergently transcribed bigene clusters, with I12a/I12b and I56i/I56ii cis-regulatory elements (CREs) located in the intergenic region of each cluster respectively. We have characterized the phenotypic consequences of deleting I56ii on forebrain development and spatial patterning of corridor cells that are involved in guiding thalamocortical projections. Here we report that deletion of I56ii impairs expression of Dlx genes and that of potential targets including Gad2 as well as striatal markers Islet1, Meis2, and Ebf1. In addition, I56ii deletion reduces both the binding of DLX2 in the Dlx5/Dlx6 intergenic region and the presence of H3K9Ac at the Dlx5/Dlx6 locus, consistent with the reduced expression of these genes. Deletion of I56ii reduces the expression of the ISLET1 and CTIP2 in the striatum and disrupts the number of parvalbumin and calretinin expressing cells in the adult somatosensory cortex of the ΔI56ii mice. These data suggest an important regulatory role for I56ii in the developing forebrain by means of a potential regulatory mechanism which may regulate the expression of Dlx genes, notably Dlx6 as well as the spatial patterning of the ventral telencephalon, including possibly corridor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fazel Darbandi
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON Canada K1N 6N5; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Rock Hall, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158-2324, USA
| | - L Poitras
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON Canada K1N 6N5
| | - S Monis
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON Canada K1N 6N5
| | - S Lindtner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Rock Hall, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158-2324, USA
| | - M Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON Canada K1N 6N5
| | - G Hatch
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON Canada K1N 6N5
| | - J L Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Rock Hall, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158-2324, USA
| | - M Ekker
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON Canada K1N 6N5.
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Hojo H, Ohba S, He X, Lai LP, McMahon AP. Sp7/Osterix Is Restricted to Bone-Forming Vertebrates where It Acts as a Dlx Co-factor in Osteoblast Specification. Dev Cell 2016; 37:238-53. [PMID: 27134141 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In extant species, bone formation is restricted to vertebrate species. Sp7/Osterix is a key transcriptional determinant of bone-secreting osteoblasts. We performed Sp7 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis identifying a large set of predicted osteoblast enhancers and validated a subset of these in cell culture and transgenic mouse assays. Sp family members bind GC-rich target sequences through their zinc finger domain. Several lines of evidence suggest that Sp7 acts differently, engaging osteoblast targets in Dlx-containing regulatory complexes bound to AT-rich motifs. Amino acid differences in the Sp7 zinc finger domain reduce Sp7's affinity for the Sp family consensus GC-box target; Dlx5 binding maps to this domain of Sp7. The data support a model in which Dlx recruitment of Sp7 to osteoblast enhancers underlies Sp7-directed osteoblast specification. Because an Sp7-like zinc finger variant is restricted to vertebrates, the emergence of an Sp7 member within the Sp family was likely closely coupled to the evolution of bone-forming vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Xinjun He
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lick Pui Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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9
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Plavicki JS, Squirrell JM, Eliceiri KW, Boekhoff-Falk G. Expression of the Drosophila homeobox gene, Distal-less, supports an ancestral role in neural development. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:87-95. [PMID: 26472170 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal-less (Dll) encodes a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in developing appendages of organisms throughout metazoan phylogeny. Based on earlier observations in the limbless nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the primitive chordate amphioxus, it was proposed that Dll had an ancestral function in nervous system development. Consistent with this hypothesis, Dll is necessary for the development of both peripheral and central components of the Drosophila olfactory system. Furthermore, vertebrate homologs of Dll, the Dlx genes, play critical roles in mammalian brain development. RESULTS Using fluorescent immunohistochemistry of fixed samples and multiphoton microscopy of living Drosophila embryos, we show that Dll is expressed in the embryonic, larval and adult central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (PNS) in embryonic and larval neurons, brain and ventral nerve cord glia, as well as in PNS structures associated with chemosensation. In adult flies, Dll expression is expressed in the optic lobes, central brain regions and the antennal lobes. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of Dll expression in the developing nervous system supports a role of Dll in neural development and function and establishes an important basis for determining the specific functional roles of Dll in Drosophila development and for comparative studies of Drosophila Dll functions with those of its vertebrate counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Plavicki
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Jayne M Squirrell
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Grace Boekhoff-Falk
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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10
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Matassi G, Imai JH, Di Gregorio A. Molecular phylogeny of four homeobox genes from the purple sea star Pisaster ochraceus. Dev Genes Evol 2015; 225:359-65. [PMID: 26432455 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-015-0516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox genes cloned from the purple sea star Pisaster ochraceus (Phylum Echinodermata/Class Asteroidea) were used along with related sequences available from members of other representative animal phyla to generate molecular phylogenies for Distal-less/Dlx, Hox5, Hox7, and Hox9/10 homeobox genes. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred based on the predicted 60 amino acid homeodomain, using amino acid (AA) and nucleotide (NT) models as well as the recently developed codon substitution models of sequence evolution. The resulting phylogenetic trees were mostly congruent with the consensus species-tree, grouping these newly identified genes with those isolated from other Asteroidea. This analysis also allowed a preliminary comparison of the performance of codon models with that of NT and AA evolutionary models in the inference of homeobox phylogeny. We found that, overall, the NT models displayed low reliability in recovering major clades at the Superphylum/Phylum level, and that codon models were slightly more dependable than AA models. Remarkably, in the majority of cases, codon substitution models seemed to outperform both AA and NT models at both the Class level and homeobox paralogy-group level of classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Matassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Janice Hitomi Imai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anna Di Gregorio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E 24th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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11
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Garaffo G, Conte D, Provero P, Tomaiuolo D, Luo Z, Pinciroli P, Peano C, D'Atri I, Gitton Y, Etzion T, Gothilf Y, Gays D, Santoro MM, Merlo GR. The Dlx5 and Foxg1 transcription factors, linked via miRNA-9 and -200, are required for the development of the olfactory and GnRH system. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:103-19. [PMID: 25937343 PMCID: PMC4604252 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
During neuronal development and maturation, microRNAs (miRs) play diverse functions ranging from early patterning, proliferation and commitment to differentiation, survival, homeostasis, activity and plasticity of more mature and adult neurons. The role of miRs in the differentiation of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) is emerging from the conditional inactivation of Dicer in immature ORN, and the depletion of all mature miRs in this system. Here, we identify specific miRs involved in olfactory development, by focusing on mice null for Dlx5, a homeogene essential for both ORN differentiation and axon guidance and connectivity. Analysis of miR expression in Dlx5−/− olfactory epithelium pointed to reduced levels of miR-9, miR-376a and four miRs of the -200 class in the absence of Dlx5. To functionally examine the role of these miRs, we depleted miR-9 and miR-200 class in reporter zebrafish embryos and observed delayed ORN differentiation, altered axonal trajectory/targeting, and altered genesis and position of olfactory-associated GnRH neurons, i.e. a phenotype known as Kallmann syndrome in humans. miR-9 and miR-200-class negatively control Foxg1 mRNA, a fork-head transcription factor essential for development of the olfactory epithelium and of the forebrain, known to maintain progenitors in a stem state. Increased levels of z-foxg1 mRNA resulted in delayed ORN differentiation and altered axon trajectory, in zebrafish embryos. This work describes for the first time the role of specific miR (-9 and -200) in olfactory/GnRH development, and uncovers a Dlx5–Foxg1 regulation whose alteration affects receptor neuron differentiation, axonal targeting, GnRH neuron development, the hallmarks of the Kallmann syndrome. Dlx5 controls the expressions of miR9 and miR-200, which target the Foxg1 mRNA miR-9 and -200 are needed for olfactory neurons differentiation and axon extension miR-9 and -200 are required for the genesis and position of GnRH neurons. Altered expression of miR-9 and -200 might contribute to the Kallmann disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Garaffo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Daniele Conte
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomaiuolo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Zheng Luo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pinciroli
- Doctorate School in Molecular Medicine, Dept. Medical Biotechnology Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milano, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Inst. of Biomedical Technology, National Research Council, ITB-CNR Segrate (MI) Italy
| | - Ilaria D'Atri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Yorick Gitton
- UMR7221 CNRS/MNHN - Evolution des régulations endocriniennes - Paris, France
| | - Talya Etzion
- Dept. Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; VIB, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- Dept. Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; VIB, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dafne Gays
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy; Dept. Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; VIB, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgio R Merlo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy.
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12
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Kitazawa T, Fujisawa K, Narboux-Nême N, Arima Y, Kawamura Y, Inoue T, Wada Y, Kohro T, Aburatani H, Kodama T, Kim KS, Sato T, Uchijima Y, Maeda K, Miyagawa-Tomita S, Minoux M, Rijli FM, Levi G, Kurihara Y, Kurihara H. Distinct effects of Hoxa2 overexpression in cranial neural crest populations reveal that the mammalian hyomandibular-ceratohyal boundary maps within the styloid process. Dev Biol 2015; 402:162-74. [PMID: 25889273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Most gnathostomata craniofacial structures derive from pharyngeal arches (PAs), which are colonized by cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs). The anteroposterior and dorsoventral identities of CNCCs are defined by the combinatorial expression of Hox and Dlx genes. The mechanisms associating characteristic Hox/Dlx expression patterns with the topology and morphology of PAs derivatives are only partially known; a better knowledge of these processes might lead to new concepts on the origin of taxon-specific craniofacial morphologies and of certain craniofacial malformations. Here we show that ectopic expression of Hoxa2 in Hox-negative CNCCs results in distinct phenotypes in different CNCC subpopulations. Namely, while ectopic Hoxa2 expression is sufficient for the morphological and molecular transformation of the first PA (PA1) CNCC derivatives into the second PA (PA2)-like structures, this same genetic alteration does not provoke the transformation of derivatives of other CNCC subpopulations, but severely impairs their development. Ectopic Hoxa2 expression results in the transformation of the proximal Meckel's cartilage and of the malleus, two ventral PA1 CNCCs derivatives, into a supernumerary styloid process (SP), a PA2-derived mammalian-specific skeletal structure. These results, together with experiments to inactivate and ectopically activate the Edn1-Dlx5/6 pathway, indicate a dorsoventral PA2 (hyomandibular/ceratohyal) boundary passing through the middle of the SP. The present findings suggest context-dependent function of Hoxa2 in CNCC regional specification and morphogenesis, and provide novel insights into the evolution of taxa-specific patterning of PA-derived structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kitazawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kou Fujisawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nicolas Narboux-Nême
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, CNRS, UMR7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kawamura
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Department of Translational Research for Healthcare and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ki-Sung Kim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maeda
- Division of Cardiovascular Development and Differentiation, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyagawa-Tomita
- Division of Cardiovascular Development and Differentiation, Medical Research Institute, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Maryline Minoux
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67 000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Filippo M Rijli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Levi
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, CNRS, UMR7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yukiko Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan; Institute for Biology and Mathematics of Dynamical Cell Processes (iBMath), The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8914, Japan.
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13
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Square T, Jandzik D, Cattell M, Coe A, Doherty J, Medeiros DM. A gene expression map of the larval Xenopus laevis head reveals developmental changes underlying the evolution of new skeletal elements. Dev Biol 2014; 397:293-304. [PMID: 25446275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of the vertebrate head skeleton is highly plastic, with the number, size, shape, and position of its components varying dramatically between groups. While this evolutionary flexibility has been key to vertebrate success, its developmental and genetic bases are poorly understood. The larval head skeleton of the frog Xenopus laevis possesses a unique combination of ancestral tetrapod features and anuran-specific novelties. We built a detailed gene expression map of the head mesenchyme in X. laevis during early larval development, focusing on transcription factor families with known functions in vertebrate head skeleton development. This map was then compared to homologous gene expression in zebrafish, mouse, and shark embryos to identify conserved and evolutionarily flexible aspects of vertebrate head skeleton development. While we observed broad conservation of gene expression between X. laevis and other gnathostomes, we also identified several divergent features that correlate to lineage-specific novelties. We noted a conspicuous change in dlx1/2 and emx2 expression in the second pharyngeal arch, presaging the differentiation of the reduced dorsal hyoid arch skeletal element typical of modern anamniote tetrapods. In the first pharyngeal arch we observed a shift in the expression of the joint inhibitor barx1, and new expression of the joint marker gdf5, shortly before skeletal differentiation. This suggests that the anuran-specific infrarostral cartilage evolved by partitioning of Meckel's cartilage with a new paired joint. Taken together, these comparisons support a model in which early patterning mechanisms divide the vertebrate head mesenchyme into a highly conserved set of skeletal precursor populations. While subtle changes in this early patterning system can affect skeletal element size, they do not appear to underlie the evolution of new joints or cartilages. In contrast, later expression of the genes that regulate skeletal element differentiation can be clearly linked to the evolution of novel skeletal elements. We posit that changes in the expression of downstream regulators of skeletal differentiation, like barx1 and gdf5, is one mechanism by which head skeletal element number and articulation are altered during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Square
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, 84215, Slovakia
| | - Maria Cattell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Alex Coe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jacob Doherty
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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14
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Kito-Shingaki A, Seta Y, Toyono T, Kataoka S, Kakinoki Y, Yanagawa Y, Toyoshima K. Expression of GAD67 and Dlx5 in the taste buds of mice genetically lacking Mash1. Chem Senses 2014; 39:403-14. [PMID: 24682237 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bju010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that a subset of type III taste cells express glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)67, which is a molecule that synthesizes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and that Mash1 could be a potential regulator of the development of GABAnergic neurons via Dlx transcription factors in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the expression of GAD67 and Dlx in the embryonic taste buds of the soft palate and circumvallate papilla using Mash1 knockout (KO)/GAD67-GFP knock-in mice. In the wild-type animal, a subset of type III taste cells contained GAD67 in the taste buds of the soft palate and the developing circumvallate papilla, whereas GAD67-expressing taste bud cells were missing from Mash1 KO mice. A subset of type III cells expressed mRNA for Dlx5 in the wild-type animals, whereas Dlx5-expressing cells were not evident in the apical part of the circumvallate papilla and taste buds in the soft palate of Mash1 KO mice. Our results suggest that Mash1 is required for the expression of GAD67 and Dlx5 in taste bud cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayae Kito-Shingaki
- Division of Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan, Division of Special Needs and Geriatric Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yuji Seta
- Division of Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan,
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Division of Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Kataoka
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan and
| | - Yasuaki Kakinoki
- Division of Special Needs and Geriatric Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Toyoshima
- Division of Oral Histology and Neurobiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manaduru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
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