1
|
Jaworska D, Iwanicka K. Exploring the role of fear of missing out in coping and risk-taking among alcohol use disorder and general young adult populations. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100532. [PMID: 38314169 PMCID: PMC10835594 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A high level of fear of missing out (FOMO) is related to many adverse emotions and behaviors, including stress, maladaptive coping, risk-taking, and alcohol consumption. However, previous research on FOMO has not considered particularly vulnerable cohorts like individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this project, we have conducted two preliminary studies (N1 = 356; N2 = 66) investigating the role of FOMO in alcohol-related coping strategy in a general population of young adults as well as a clinical sample of AUD patients. Results showed that FOMO is a positive predictor of alcohol coping in both studied samples, and it is a positive predictor of health risk-taking among people with AUD. The study identifies high FOMO as a risk factor for adopting maladaptive coping strategies, specifically alcohol coping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Jaworska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, 00-183 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Iwanicka
- Faculty of Journalism, Information and Book Studies, University of Warsaw, Bendarska 2/4, 00-310 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Servidio R, Soraci P, Griffiths MD, Boca S, Demetrovics Z. Fear of missing out and problematic social media use: A serial mediation model of social comparison and self-esteem. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100536. [PMID: 38495391 PMCID: PMC10943642 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is consistently associated with problematic social media use (PSMU). Moreover, previous studies have shown a significant association between FoMO, self-esteem, and social comparison. However, there is a lack of studies that have investigated the relationship between, FoMO, social comparison, self-esteem, and PSMU in an integrated model. The present study hypothesized that FoMO may influence PSMU through the serial mediating role of social comparison and self-esteem. Method A cross-sectional survey study was conducted comprising 256 Italian university students (74.4% female), aged 18 to 38 years (M = 23.05 years; SD = 3.58). The participants completed an online survey assessing the variables of the study. Results Controlling for age and gender, the results showed positive associations between FoMO, social comparison, and PSMU, and a negative association between FoMO and self-esteem. Self-esteem was also negatively associated with PSMU. It was also found that social comparison and self-esteem sequentially mediated the association between FoMO and PSMU. Conclusions The present study contributes to understanding the mechanisms that underline the complex effects of FoMO on PSMU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Servidio
- Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Building Cube 20/B, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Soraci
- Università Niccolo Cusano, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi, n.3, Roma, Italy
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Boca
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Spain
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gori A, Topino E, Griffiths MD. The Problematic Online Dating Apps Use Scale (PODAUS): Development and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100533. [PMID: 38357528 PMCID: PMC10864872 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The internet has facilitated significant transformations in interpersonal interactions, and offers new possibilities for finding romantic partners through the use of online dating apps. However, as with other technology-based tools, some individuals can develop problematic patterns of dating apps use, exhibiting symptoms resembling addiction. Consequently, the aim of the present study was the development of a new psychometric instrument to assess problematic dating apps use, the Problematic Online Dating Apps Use Scale (PODAUS), and the examination of its psychometric properties. The sample comprised 384 participants (254 females and 130 males; Mage=25.90 years; SD=5.21) who used dating apps daily. They completed an online survey including the PODAUS, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Cyber Pornography Addiction Test, Love Addiction Inventory-Short-Form, and Ten-Item Personality Inventory. The PODAUS showed a one-factor structure with good indications of validity, reliability, and gender measurement invariance. Problematic online dating apps use was significantly associated with problematic social media use, problematic cyberpornography use, love addiction, and three personality traits (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness). The PODAUS is a new and succinct self-report measure that assesses problematic dating apps use, and can be easily used in both research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
- Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI), via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du M, Zhao C, Hu H, Ding N, He J, Tian W, Zhao W, Lin X, Liu G, Chen W, Wang S, Wang P, Xu D, Shen X, Zhang G. Association between problematic social networking use and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:263. [PMID: 38735963 PMCID: PMC11089718 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have reported that problematic social networking use (PSNU) is strongly associated with anxiety symptoms. However, due to the presence of multiple anxiety subtypes, existing research findings on the extent of this association vary widely, leading to a lack of consensus. The current meta-analysis aimed to summarize studies exploring the relationship between PSNU levels and anxiety symptoms, including generalized anxiety, social anxiety, attachment anxiety, and fear of missing out. 209 studies with a total of 172 articles were included in the meta-analysis, involving 252,337 participants from 28 countries. The results showed a moderately positive association between PSNU and generalized anxiety (GA), social anxiety (SA), attachment anxiety (AA), and fear of missing out (FoMO) respectively (GA: r = 0.388, 95% CI [0.362, 0.413]; SA: r = 0.437, 95% CI [0.395, 0.478]; AA: r = 0.345, 95% CI [0.286, 0.402]; FoMO: r = 0.496, 95% CI [0.461, 0.529]), and there were different regulatory factors between PSNU and different anxiety subtypes. This study provides the first comprehensive estimate of the association of PSNU with multiple anxiety subtypes, which vary by time of measurement, region, gender, and measurement tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Du
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengjia Zhao
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ningning Ding
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiankang He
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Tian
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiujian Lin
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaoyang Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wendan Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - ShuangLiu Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongwu Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- Department of Neurosis and Psychosomatic Diseases, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, 313002, Huzhou, China.
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crawford J, Jones A, Rose A, Cooke R. I can't believe I missed that! How the fear of missing out impacts on alcohol behaviours. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 258:111273. [PMID: 38537432 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), which is often experienced over missing opportunities for social gains associated with drinking, has been linked to heavy episodic drinking and experiencing negative consequences. The UK Coronavirus (COVID-19)-related lockdown provided a unique context to study FoMO's ability to predict of alcohol consumption. The aim of the current study was to test if FoMO predicted alcohol consumption during a time of social restrictions. METHODS One hundred and five UK adults (aged 18-30, 61% female) participated in a study using an ecological momentary assessment design. Surveys were completed on smartphones and assessed FoMO and drinking intentions, three time a day (morning, afternoon, evening) over three consecutive weekends (Friday, Saturday, Sunday). Alcohol consumption was recorded once per day, based on previous day consumption. RESULTS Repeated mixed model analyses found FoMO significantly predicted quantity of alcohol consumption (b =.05, p =.01) and drinking intentions (b =.47, p <.001), but did not predict frequency of consumption. Being male (b = 2.93, p =.02) and higher intentions (b = 0.5, p <.001) predicted higher quantity of consumption. Drinking intentions was the only variable to predict frequency of consumption (b =.004, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS The study showed FoMO can predict quantity of alcohol consumption and drinking intentions, which are linked to increased negative consequences. Future studies should assess FoMO against other predictive factors. Results provide an insight into how a social predictor influenced alcohol consumption during a time of restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Crawford
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Services, Linköping University, Sweden.
| | - Andrew Jones
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Abigail Rose
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Richard Cooke
- School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stirnberg J, Margraf J, Precht LM, Brailovskaia J. The Relationship between Reasons for Smartphone Use, Addictive Use Tendencies, Fear of Missing Out, Depression, and Life Satisfaction: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. Psychopathology 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38679019 DOI: 10.1159/000538263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated whether reasons for smartphone use are similar to those of social media use. Also, we explored links between reasons of smartphone use and mental health variables (problematic smartphone use, FOMO, depression symptoms, and life satisfaction) in Germany during the COVID-19 lockdown period. METHODS Overall, 571 smartphone users (Mage = 31.60, SDage = 12.73) provided their reasons for smartphone use. The reasons were assigned to six categories by an inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Five of six reasons were similar to those of social media described by previous research. "Search for social interaction" goes along with less problematic smartphone use and depression symptoms and more life satisfaction. "Search for positive feelings" is associated with lower life satisfaction. More depressed people, those with problematic smartphone use tendencies, higher FOMO, and lower life satisfaction tend to "escape from negative emotions." DISCUSSION Our results help to understand the relationships between reasons for smartphone use and mental health variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stirnberg
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Precht
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peleg O, Boniel-Nissim M. Exploring the personality and relationship factors that mediate the connection between differentiation of self and phubbing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6572. [PMID: 38504119 PMCID: PMC10951228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the family patterns crucial for mental and physical well-being is differentiation of self. In this study, our aim was to investigate its impact on the phenomenon of phubbing-where individuals prioritize smartphones over in-person interactions. The prevalence of phubbing behavior has risen substantially in tandem with the increased adoption of smartphones. The study investigated familial, interpersonal, and personal factors that could potentially contribute to the escalation of phubbing behaviors. It was hypothesized that differentiation of self would be associated with phubbing through the mediation of fear of missing out, romantic relationship satisfaction, and loneliness in intimate relationships. We also expected gender differences in the study variables. A sample of 431 young adults, with an average age of 29 (M = 29.05, SD = 9.14), completed the DSI-R, Phubbing, FoMO, ENRICH, and LIRS questionnaires online. Results indicated that fear of missing out mediated the relationship between three dimensions of differentiation of self-emotional reactivity, emotional cutoff, and fusion with others-and phubbing behavior. However, the expected mediation by romantic relationship satisfaction and loneliness in intimate relationships did not reach significance, although these variables were found to be associated with differentiation of self. Women reported higher levels of phubbing behavior, emotional reactivity, and fusion with others, whereas men reported higher levels of I-position. We conclude that fear of missing out may serve as a catalyst, triggering anxiety in individuals, which in turn drives them to adopt phubbing as a coping mechanism. Moreover, individuals with lower levels of differentiation of self appear to be at increased risk of engaging in phubbing behaviors through the mediation of fear of missing out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ora Peleg
- Departments of Educational Counseling and Education, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel.
| | - Meyran Boniel-Nissim
- Departments of Educational Counseling and Education, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao B, Cai Y, Zhao C, Qian Y, Zheng R, Liu C. Longitudinal associations between loneliness and online game addiction among undergraduates: A moderated mediation model. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104134. [PMID: 38228073 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Online gaming addiction (OGA) has become a noteworthy public concern, especially among university students, thereby requiring in-depth scrutiny. Although previous cross-sectional studies have established a positive link between loneliness and OGA, there is a lack of longitudinal evidence within this field. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms that elucidate the connection between loneliness and OGA are still poorly understood, underscoring a crucial research gap that requires further investigation. Our study utilized a longitudinal approach and developed a moderated mediation model. From September 2021 to September 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic, data were collected from a sample of Chinese undergraduate students, with 367 participants at T1, 352 at T2, and 340 at T3. Participants completed online self-report surveys, providing valuable data on their levels of loneliness at T1, fear of missing out (FoMO) at T2, sensation seeking at T2, and OGA at T3. Our findings found that loneliness was positively linked to OGA. Further analysis demonstrated that FoMO partially mediated the link between loneliness and OGA. Meanwhile, sensation seeking moderated the pathway from FoMO to later OGA. Specifically, the effect of FoMO on OGA was significant for college students with high sensation seeking. This study offers longitudinal evidence linking loneliness and OGA, which has implications for the development of interventions to reduce OGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiyu Cai
- School of Marxism, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhao
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Qian
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Runting Zheng
- School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Yu Z, Gao X. Profiles of fear of missing out and their social media use among young adults: A six-month longitudinal study. Addict Behav 2024; 149:107899. [PMID: 37918124 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study used a person-centered approach to differentiate fear of missing out (FoMO) among subgroups of individuals using latent profile analysis (LPA). The subgroups were identified according to trait-FoMO (a specific predisposition) and state-FoMO (a specific cognition in the online context) items. Data were collected from 1125 participants (70.04 % female, age range 17-26 years, Mage = 20.52 years). The LPA showed five distinct profiles: highest FoMO, high trait-FoMO high state-FoMO, high trait-FoMO low state-FoMO, low trait-FoMO high state-FoMO, and low trait-FoMO low state-FoMO. We further explored how these profiles relate to social media use. The results revealed significant differences between profiles in terms of social media engagement, social media self-control failure, and problematic social media use and could be used to predict social media use behaviors of 437 participants (77.35 % female, age range 18-27 years, Mage = 20.60 years) six months later. Thus, the combination of high trait-FoMO and high state-FoMO may mean more frequent social media engagement and could be an important risk factor for social media self-control failure and problematic social media use. Additionally, state-FoMO should be considered in prevention and intervention strategies aimed at addressing young adults' problematic social media use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chenxi College, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhixiang Yu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohammed AAA, Osman MM, Ali MMM, Adam MO, Mustafa MEE, Babikir AM, Abdulsamad AMI, Abo MEA, Yasein YAM, Abdelgader MSS, Hasabo EA, Ibrahim ME. Social networking and fear of missing out (FOMO) among medical students at University of Khartoum, Sudan 2021. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:422. [PMID: 38041160 PMCID: PMC10693061 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With students becoming more involved in the internet and social networking sites, they become more prone to their consequences. This study focuses on measuring the social networking intensity and the fear of missing out among the medical students of University of Khartoum, then examining the association between them. METHODS Facility-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University between January and March 2021. A total of 333 students were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected from the participants using a structured self-administered questionnaire that involved the social networking intensity (SNI) scale and fear of missing out (FOMO) scale. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 26. RESULTS Moderate positive correlation between social networking intensity and fear of missing out was found (p-value < 0.01). Of the total participants; 51 participants (15.4%) experienced low SNI and low FOMO. Another 78 participants (23.6%) had moderate SNI and moderate FOMO and only 16 Participants (4.8%) showed high SNI and high FOMO. There were no significant differences in SNI or FOMO scores among the different socio-demographic variables, except for the SNI score which was positively correlated to the monthly income. CONCLUSION An association between SNI and FOMO was found. SNI was not affected by socio-demographic factors except for the monthly income.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammedahmed M Osman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 11111, Sudan
| | | | - Mohammed O Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 11111, Sudan
| | | | - Anab M Babikir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 11111, Sudan
| | - Ahmed M I Abdulsamad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 11111, Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Elfatih A Hasabo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 11111, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Elsir Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum State, 11111, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Montag C, Markett S. Social media use and everyday cognitive failure: investigating the fear of missing out and social networks use disorder relationship. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:872. [PMID: 38001436 PMCID: PMC10668512 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly five billion individuals worldwide are using social media platforms. While the benefits of using social media, such as fostering social connections, are clear, ongoing discussions are focused on whether excessive use of these platforms might have adverse effects on cognitive functioning. Excessive social media use shares similarities with addictive behaviors and is believed to result from a complex interplay of individual characteristics, emotions, thoughts, and actions. Among these contributing factors, one of particular interest is the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), a state where an individual apprehends that others are experiencing rewarding moments in their absence (but see more information on the FoMO trait/state debate in this article). METHODS In this study, we aimed to explore the intricate relationships between FoMO, tendencies towards Social Networks Use Disorder (SNUD), and everyday cognitive failures. To achieve this, we gathered a large sample of N = 5314 participants and administered a comprehensive set of questionnaires. These included a Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) scale, which assessed both trait and state aspects of FoMO, the Social Networking Sites-Addiction Test (SNS-AT), designed to gauge tendencies towards SNUD, and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ), which measured everyday cognitive lapses. RESULTS Our findings revealed that among non-users of social media, both FoMO and everyday cognitive failures were at their lowest levels. Further, in the group of social media users, we observed a significant relationship between FoMO and cognitive failures, which was mediated by SNUD tendencies. This mediation was particularly pronounced for the state component of FoMO, which encompasses maladaptive thoughts related to online behavior. CONCLUSIONS While our study is cross-sectional and thus cannot establish causality, one plausible interpretation of our findings is that higher FoMO tendencies may trigger excessive social media use, which in turn could lead to cognitive failures, possibly due to distraction and reduced attention to everyday tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Markett
- Molecular Psychology, Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong C, Ren Y. PTSD, FOMO and fake news beliefs: a cross-sectional study of Wenchuan earthquake survivors. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2213. [PMID: 37946134 PMCID: PMC10636930 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sufferers show problematic patterns of Internet use such as fear of missing out (FOMO) and sharing misinformation and fake news. This study aimed to investigate these associations in survivors of the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. METHODS A self-reported survey was completed by 356 survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. A mediated structural equation model was constructed to test a proposed pattern of associations with FOMO as a mediator of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and belief in fake news, as well as moderators of this pathway. RESULTS PTSD was directly associated with believing fake news (β = 0.444, p < .001) and with FOMO (β = 0.347, p < .001). FOMO mediated the association between PTSD and fake news belief (β = 0.373, p < .001). Age moderated the direct (β = 0.148, t = 3.097, p = .002) and indirect (β = 0.145, t = 3.122, p = .002) pathways, with effects more pronounced with increasing age. Gender was also a moderator, with the indirect effect present in females but not in males (β = 0.281, t = 6.737, p < .001). CONCLUSION Those with higher PTSD symptoms are more likely to believe fake news and this is partly explained by FOMO. This effect is present in females and not males and is stronger in older people. Findings extend knowledge of the role of psychological variables in problematic Internet use among those with PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- School of Journalism, Fudan University, No. 440, Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yijin Ren
- Mianyang College of Administration, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng X, Liu J, Li J, Hu Z. COVID-19 lockdown stress and problematic social networking sites use among quarantined college students in China: A chain mediation model based on the stressor-strain-outcome framework. Addict Behav 2023; 146:107785. [PMID: 37406403 PMCID: PMC10284454 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has coincided with a global increase in problematic social networking sites use (PSNSU). By drawing on transactional stress theory and applying the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) framework, we proposed and verified a chain mediation model to explore the mediating roles of fear of missing out (FoMO) and future anxiety (FA) in the relationship between COVID-19 lockdown stress (CL stress) and PSNSU. Our sample of 670 quarantined college students in China responded to a COVID-19 student stress questionnaire, a social network addiction scale, a fear of missing out scale, and a dark future scale. The results revealed that (1) CL stress significantly positively predicted PSNSU, (2) both FoMO and FA mediated the relationship between CL stress and PSNSU, (3) FoMO significantly positively predicted FA, and (4) a full chain mediation was observed between CL stress and PSNSU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Cheng
- School of Communication, Yunnan Normal University, 1 Yuhua Area, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China.
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- School of Communication, Yunnan Normal University, 1 Yuhua Area, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, 18 Qiongshan Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou City 571126, Hainan Province, PR China.
| | - Ziao Hu
- School of Finance and Economics, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, 18 Qiongshan Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou City 571126, Hainan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Montag C, Müller M, Pontes HM, Elhai JD. On fear of missing out, social networks use disorder tendencies and meaning in life. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:358. [PMID: 37884983 PMCID: PMC10601113 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Much research has been conducted on the association between social networks use disorder tendencies (SNUD; i.e. problematic social media use) and well-being. In more detail, a meta-analysis and further research suggest an inverse association between higher SNUD tendencies and lower well-being. In existing studies on social media use and well-being, this association has often been investigated by asking participants about their life satisfaction and/or emotional well-being. A path that has only recently been used to shed further light on SNUD tendencies is the assessment of meaning in life. Against this background, the present study aimed to investigate both the search for and presence of meaning in life in the context of SNUD tendencies in 955 participants. To the best of our knowledge and beyond what has been mentioned, this study is the first to investigate the links between meaning in life variables and state/trait fear of missing out (FoMO), with FoMO being a critical variable known to be linked to the overuse of digital technologies. In a structural equation model, we observed that associations between FoMO and meaning in life variables was mediated by SNUD tendencies. Although the present study is of cross-cultural nature and cannot establish causality, it might be the case that proneness to FoMO might trigger SNUD tendencies and as a consequence, results in more search for meaning in life, while hindering presence of meaning in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Marko Müller
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Halley M Pontes
- School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Shang S, Tian L, Zhu L, Zhang W. The association between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:338. [PMID: 37848985 PMCID: PMC10580531 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have explored the association between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction, but there are different viewpoints and the results are inconsistent. This study intends to estimate the strength of the correlation between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction in general through a meta-analysis, and to analyze the influencing factors of the inconsistent results of previous studies. METHODS We Searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wan fang Database, CQVIP Journal Database、Web of Science Core Collection, Elsevier SD, Springer Online Journals, Medline, EBSCO-ERIC, SAGE Online Journals, PsycINFO, PsycArticles and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses。85 studies (90 independent effect size) were included from 2016 to 2023。The pooled correlation coefficient of the association between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction was calculated by a random effects model using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis(Version 3.3). RESULTS The main effect analysis revealed a high positive correlation between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction (r = 0.47, 95%CI [0.44, 0.50]). Furthermore, the measurements of mobile phone addiction moderated the strength of the association between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction, with the highest correlation measured using MPATS and the lowest correlation measured using MPDQ. The age, gender, year of publication, cultural background, and the measurements of fear of missing out had no significant effect on the correlation between fear of missing out and mobile phone addiction. CONCLUSION The results indicated that fear of missing out was closely related to mobile phone addiction, which complied with the I-PACE model. Psychological services and mental health services should be developed to reduce the emergence of fear of missing out in the digital age and thus alleviate dependence on devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- School of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shijie Shang
- School of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lixian Tian
- College of Teacher Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- School of Teacher Education, Suqian University, Suqian, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Tan DL, Jiang B, Lei TT. Childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use among chinese young adults: the mediating roles of peer attachment and fear of missing out. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:303. [PMID: 37789362 PMCID: PMC10546731 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has revealed that childhood neglect may be a risk factor for problematic smartphone use among young adults in China. However, few studies have examined the mediating roles of peer attachment and the fear of missing out in the relationship between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use. To fill this gap, the present study proposes a multiple mediation model to understand the relationships among childhood neglect, peer attachment, fear of missing out, and problematic smartphone use among young adults. METHODS A total of 869 young adults in China completed questionnaires for evaluating different levels of the relationships between childhood neglect, peer attachment, the fear of missing out, and problematic smartphone use. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and MPLUS8.3. RESULTS The results showed that childhood neglect was positively associated with problematic smartphone use among young adults in China. Moreover, peer attachment and the fear of missing out had partial mediating effects as well as sequential mediating effects in the relationship between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use among young adults. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, peer attachment and the fear of missing out, as mediators, could be considered proximal factors affecting problematic smartphone use among young adults. These findings broaden our understanding of the psychological processes that underlie the association between childhood neglect and problematic smartphone use and afford practical guidance on reducing the risks associated with problematic smartphone use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Ding-Liang Tan
- School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Lei
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alshakhsi S, Babiker A, Montag C, Ali R. On the association between personality, fear of missing out (FoMO) and problematic social media use tendencies in European and Arabian samples. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104026. [PMID: 37722329 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent meta-analytical evidence indicates a mild association between higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness scores and a tendency towards problematic social media use (PSMU). However, fear of missing out (FoMO) has emerged as a critical variable in understanding the positive link between neuroticism and PSMU. Given the replication crisis in psychology, this study aimed to reinvestigate personality-PSMU associations and, crucially, the less-studied FoMO mediation effect. To ensure generalizability of the findings, we recruited two diverse samples with European and Arabian backgrounds. The results revealed a significant total effect of neuroticism on PSMU for both cultural groups, with the European sample demonstrating a fully mediated effect via FoMO, whereas the Arab sample showed a partially mediated effect via FoMO, along with a significant direct effect. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the importance of FoMO as a mediator between neuroticism and PSMU and some minor potential cultural differences in this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameha Alshakhsi
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar.
| | - Areej Babiker
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Raian Ali
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tuna R, Alan H, Saritas M, Bacaksiz FE. Touch-operated world of teenagers in the distance education process: A cross-sectional study on nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out in nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 71:103728. [PMID: 37517231 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the levels of nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out of nursing students in this digital era and to perform comparison according to their personal and smartphone usage characteristics. BACKGROUND The time we live in has provoked some digital diseases along with many developments that have made our lives easier. Nomophobia, netlessphobia and fear of missing out, which develop due to excessive or inappropriate use of smartphones, the Internet and social media, are among those digital diseases. DESIGN This is a descriptive, comparative, correlational and cross-sectional study. METHODS The data were obtained from 802 volunteer students at the nursing faculties of three public universities in Istanbul between 15 April and 15 May 2022. The personal information form, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Firat Netlessphobia Scale and Fear of Missing Out Scale were used as data collection instruments. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and descriptive, correlative and comparative analyses. RESULTS The scale scores of nursing students were below the average in general; however, it was determined that the nomophobia scores were higher than the netlessphobia and fear of missing out scores. While gender and grade variables made a significant difference with nomophobia (p < 0.05), no significant difference was found with netlessphobia and fear of missing out (p > 0.05). Those who connect to the Internet from home; use the Internet for distance education and social media; use the Internet on their smartphones for a longer period in a day; check their smartphone more often; carry a phone charger with them; spend time on their smartphones before sleeping and after waking up; and consider themselves addicted obtained higher scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Digital issues of our time are both associated with the interaction among each other and smartphone usage characteristics. It is considered important to evaluate themselves regarding inappropriate or excessive use and risky behavior, as well as adapting approaches to protect young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rujnan Tuna
- Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Alan
- Department of Nursing Administration, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Saritas
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Feride Eskin Bacaksiz
- Department of Nursing Administration, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang T, Liu Y, Tan TC, Wang D, Zheng K, Liu W. Mobile phone dependency and sleep quality in college students during COVID-19 outbreak: the mediating role of bedtime procrastination and fear of missing out. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1200. [PMID: 37344816 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between mobile phone dependency, bedtime procrastination, FoMO, and sleep quality among college students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, we examined whether bedtime procrastination and FoMO mediate the relationship between mobile phone dependency and sleep quality. METHODS A total of 881 college students completed an online survey in May 2022 in Shanghai, China. Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to assess mobile phone dependency, bedtime procrastination, fear of missing out, and sleep quality, respectively. Multiple linear regression and mediation analysis were conducted. RESULTS The correlation analyses indicated mobile phone dependency was positively associated with fear of missing out, bedtime procrastination, and poor sleep quality among college students. The structural equation modeling analyses revealed that mobile phone dependency had significant indirect effects on sleep quality through bedtime procrastination (indirect effect: 0.030, 95%CI: 0.022-0.041) and fear of missing out (indirect effect: 0.013, 95%CI: 0.003-0.023). CONCLUSION The findings indicated that bedtime procrastination and fear of missing out are mediators mediating the relationship between mobile phone dependency with sleep quality. Bedtime procrastination and fear of missing out should be considered as potential intervention targets for reducing mobile phone dependency and improving sleep quality in college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teck Cheng Tan
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Kefeng Zheng
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxi Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang MX, Yu SM, Demetrovics Z, Wu AMS. Metacognitive beliefs and anxiety symptoms could serve as mediators between fear of missing out and gaming disorder in adolescents. Addict Behav 2023; 145:107775. [PMID: 37336094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Given the vulnerability to and prevalence of emotional problems and Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in adolescents, this study aimed to test the effects of fear of missing out (FoMO) on IGD and the mediating roles of metacognitive beliefs and anxiety symptoms based on the self-regulatory executive function (S-REF) model. At a Chinese high school, 283 participants (Mage = 16.89 years old; girls = 42.0%) with past-year gaming experience voluntarily completed an anonymous paper-and-pencil questionnaire. FoMO showed significant, positive associations with IGD, anxiety symptoms, and metacognitive beliefs. Results of path analysis showed a significant direct effect of FoMO on IGD, whereas anxiety symptoms mediated the relationship between FoMO and IGD. The indirect effects of FoMO on IGD via serial mediations of three negative metacognitive beliefs (i.e., negative beliefs about worry, low cognitive confidence, and beliefs regarding need for control) and anxiety symptoms were also statistically significant. These findings demonstrated that maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and anxiety are risk-enhancing mediators in the relationship between FoMO and IGD. Therefore, metacognitive therapy, particularly for regulating those three specific significant metacognitive beliefs, is recommended for treating IGD and anxiety, especially for those with higher levels of FoMO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Psychological Research & Education Center, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu M Yu
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Malik L, Shahnawaz MG, Rehman U, Pragyendu, Uniyal R, Griffiths MD. Mediating Roles of Fear of Missing Out and Boredom Proneness on Psychological Distress and Social Media Addiction Among Indian Adolescents. J Technol Behav Sci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37362061 PMCID: PMC10242220 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-023-00323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective The closure of schools and other educational institutes around the world has been one of the consequences of the COVID-19 and has resulted in online teaching. To facilitate online teaching, there has been an increase in the use of smartphones and tablets among adolescents. However, such enhancement in technology use may put many adolescents at the risk of problematic use of social media. Consequently, the present study explored the direct relationship of psychological distress with social media addiction. The relationship between the two was also assessed indirectly via the fear of missing out (FoMO) and boredom proneness. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 505 Indian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, studying in grades 7 to 12. Standardized tools (with some modifications to suit the context of the present study) were used to collect data. Results The results showed significant positive associations between psychological distress, social media addiction, FoMO, and boredom proneness. Psychological distress was found to be a significant predictor of social media addiction. Moreover, FoMO and boredom proneness partially mediated the relationships between psychological distress and social media addiction. Discussion The present study is the first to provide evidence for the specific pathways of FoMO and boredom proneness in the relationships between psychological distress and social media addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipika Malik
- Department of Psychology, Amity University, Mumbai, India
| | - Md Ghazi Shahnawaz
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Usama Rehman
- Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 20022
| | - Pragyendu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University, Delhi, India
| | - Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gori A, Topino E, Griffiths MD. The associations between attachment, self-esteem, fear of missing out, daily time expenditure, and problematic social media use: A path analysis model. Addict Behav 2023; 141:107633. [PMID: 36753932 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the factors that may be associated with a dysfunctional use of social media use, by exploring the association between adult attachment patterns and problematic social media use and analyzing the sequential mediation of self-esteem, fear of missing out (FoMO), and time spent on social media. A sample of 470 social media users (Mage = 33.76 years; SD = 14.267; 70 % women) completed the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Relationship Questionnaire. Results showed a path analysis model providing an excellent fit to the data (χ2 = 2.939, p = 0.230; GFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.987, CFI = 0.998, RMSEA = 0.032, SRMR = 0.016). A significant and positive total effect in the associations between preoccupied and fearful attachment patterns and problematic social media use emerged. Both preoccupied and fearful attachment patterns were also related to self-esteem, FoMO, and time spent on social media, which were sequentially associated and were, in turn, significantly related to problematic social media use. Finally, when self-esteem, FoMO, and time spent on social media were added into the model, they totally mediated the relationships between preoccupied and fearful attachment patterns and problematic social media use, suggesting a full multiple mediation model (R2 = 0.33). Such data may provide useful information for clinical practice to develop tailored interventions and prevention programs to address the compensatory and problematic use of social media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Pad. 26, 50135 Florence, Italy; Integrated Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Institute (IPPI), via Ricasoli 32, 50122 Florence, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Topino
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University of Rome, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu X, Liu T, Zhou Z, Wan F. The effect of fear of missing out on mental health: differences in different solitude behaviors. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:141. [PMID: 37127680 PMCID: PMC10150542 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, anxiety, and stress are the main issues that affect the mental health of individuals. Solitude behavior, fear of missing out, and mental health are all closely related. OBJECTIVE This study was intended to investigate the relationship between solitude behavior, fear of missing out, and mental health. METHODS Short Form of Solitude Behavior Scale, Fear of Missing Out scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were employed in this study to investigate 616 college students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for basic data organization, and Mplus 8.3 was used to complete the analysis of the mediation model. RESULTS (1) Positive solitude was positively associated with eccentricity and negatively related to loneliness; social avoidance positively correlated with eccentricity and loneliness. (2) Social avoidance and loneliness affected mental health through the mediating effect of fear of missing out, whereas positive solitude and eccentricity did not affect mental health through fear of missing out. Moreover, the results still held in the model with depression, anxiety, and stress as dependent variables. CONCLUSION The roles of different solitude behavior in the relationship between fear of missing out and mental health differed. Social avoidance and loneliness as not self-determined solitude could activate the fear of missing out, which could affect mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tour Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhao Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuyu Wan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li L, Niu Z, Song Y, Griffiths MD, Wen H, Yu Z, Mei S. Relationships Between Gaming Disorder, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors Among a Sample of Chinese University Students Utilizing a Network Perspective. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37363768 PMCID: PMC10127977 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that some risk and protective factors of gaming disorder (GD) have been identified. However, the interaction of GD with risk and protective factors has rarely been examined from a network analysis perspective. Therefore, the present study examined the relationships between GD, risk factors (i.e., social anxiety and fear of missing out), and protective factors (i.e., resilience, authenticity, and family closeness) utilizing a network analysis approach among a sample of Chinese university students. A cross-sectional study with 1364 participants was performed using the Gaming Disorder Test, the short version of Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Chinese Trait-State Fear of Missing Out Scale (T-SFoMOSC), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the Authenticity Scale, and a single item assessing family closeness. Social anxiety, FoMO, and two factors of authenticity (i.e., self-alienation and accepting external influence) had positive relationship with GD, while resilience, authentic living, and family closeness had negative relationship with GD. Social anxiety was identified as the core node in the domain-level network. The item "continuation or escalation of gaming" (gd3) and the item "gaming problems" (gd4) constituted the highest edge weight in the facet-level network. The network comparison demonstrated there were no significant differences in relation to network structures and global strengths between gender. The findings suggest bivariate relationships among GD, risk factors (i.e., social anxiety and fear of missing out), and protective factors (i.e., resilience, authenticity, and family closeness). Interventions for GD must be considered through preventing risk factors and increasing protective factors including improving the gaming motivation and maladaptive cognition to decrease negative emotion (e.g., social anxiety and FoMO), enhancing resilience, authentic living and parent-child relationship, as well as decreasing self-alienation and accepting external influence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-023-01049-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Niu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yuting Song
- Teacher Training Department, Yogi Yoga College, Beijing, China
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hu Wen
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhao Yu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Songli Mei
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang S, Wu Q, Liu R. The relationship between neuroticism and passive use of mobile social networks among Chinese young adults: The mediating role of fear of missing out and online social support. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 236:103919. [PMID: 37086663 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that passive use of mobile social networks affects people's physical and mental health. However, few studies have explored the association between neuroticism and passive use of social networks, and the mediating factors that may indirectly contribute to this relationship. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the relationship between neuroticism and passive use of mobile social networks and explore the sequential mediating role of fear of missing out (FOMO) and online social support. In the present study, data from a total of 531 Chinese undergraduates were collected by using the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory, Online Social Support Scale, the Fear of Missing Out Scale, and Passive Use of Mobile Social Networks Scale. The results showed that neuroticism positively predicted passive use of mobile social networks through the indirect paths of FOMO and online social support and the chain mediating path of "online social support-FOMO".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SiWei Zhang
- Mental Health Education Center, Changde Vocational and Technical College, Changde, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - RenFu Liu
- Mental Health Education Center, Changde Vocational and Technical College, Changde, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Delfabbro P, King D, Parke J. The complex nature of human operant gambling behaviour involving slot games: Structural characteristics, verbal rules and motivation. Addict Behav 2023; 137:107540. [PMID: 36371859 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gambling behaviour is likely to be strongly influenced by operant learning principles. Most forms of gambling, and most notably slot machine play, follow a random ratio (RR) schedule of reinforcement that should lead to rapid and extinction-resistant behaviour. In this paper we highlight the caveats that need to be applied when generalising animal models of learning to human behaviour. Studies need to be cognisant of the role of verbal rules and cognitive appraisals of contingency; the ability for participants to self-modify important elements of reward schedules; potential differences between concurrent and longitudinal schedule preferences; and, the role of important human motivations in financial decision-making. In particular, we believe that operant approaches to gambling may need to incorporate a greater focus on FOMO (or the fear of missing out) as a motivational construct that may explain some of the observed patterns of behaviour, including riskier behaviours, on slot games. The implications of these observations for future research and harm minimisation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Daniel King
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fitzgerald HE, Lubin RE, Duncan T, Hiserodt M, Otto MW. Underscoring the F in FoMO: How does anxiety sensitivity contribute to fear of missing out? Cogn Behav Ther 2023; 52:38-46. [PMID: 36469683 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2022.2131619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a prevalent phenomenon associated with a range of mental health symptoms, such as depression and anxiety. To our knowledge, the question of whether FoMO can be explained by other well-known mechanistic variables-namely, loneliness, rumination, and anxiety sensitivity (AS) - has not been previously evaluated. The current study investigated the predictive power of loneliness, rumination, and AS for explaining variance in FoMO within two independent samples of undergraduate students at a large Northeastern university. Participants completed an online battery of questionnaires. In Study 1, it was found that loneliness and rumination offered significant prediction of FoMO when AS was not considered in the model; however, when these three predictors were considered together, only AS offered significant, non-redundant prediction. Study 2 revealed that both rumination and AS offered significant prediction of FoMO, with AS offering stronger unique prediction. Such findings provide a new frame for understanding the nature of the relatively new concept of FoMO, and in particular, suggest that it may be important to consider AS and rumination in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave. 2nd Floor, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca E Lubin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave. 2nd Floor, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Taylor Duncan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave. 2nd Floor, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Michele Hiserodt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave. 2nd Floor, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave. 2nd Floor, Boston 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tatlı C, Ergin DA. Multigroup analysis of the relationship loneliness, fear of missing out, problematic internet usage and peer perception in gifted and normally developing adolescents. Curr Psychol 2023; 42:2325-2334. [PMID: 35915775 PMCID: PMC9330965 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of Internet usage characteristics and peer perception on loneliness. The mediating role of Internet usage characteristics was examined in the relationship between loneliness and peer perception. The sample included 661 Turkish adolescents (Ngirls =379, 57.34%; Ngifted= 211, 31.92%) aged 11-18 years. Structural equation model analyzes were conducted to test the hypothesis model across the group. Moreover, multigroup structural model was conducted to test the differences of the relationships across gifted and normally developing adolescents. The results of the structural model showed that Internet use characteristics did not have a mediating role in the relationship between adolescents' peer perception and loneliness. On the other hand, problematic Internet use had a full mediator role in the relationship between fear of missing out and loneliness. The results of the multigroup structural model emphasized the similar effects between the research variables in gifted and normally developing adolescents. The results were discussed with the effects of Internet use characteristics and peer perception on loneliness. We also pointed out that gifted and normally developing adolescents have similar social and technological outcomes and that these outcomes influence mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cemre Tatlı
- grid.440437.00000 0004 0399 3159Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Derya Atalan Ergin
- grid.465997.00000 0004 9333 5423Department of Psychology, Cappadocia University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Geng J, Bao L, Wang H, Wang J, Wei X, Lei L. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescents' cyberbullying victimization: The new phenomenon of a "cycle of victimization". Child Abuse Negl 2022; 134:105888. [PMID: 36152532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research community is showing an increasing concern about the adverse outcomes of childhood maltreatment for adolescents. However, whether childhood maltreatment is associated with cyberbullying victimization and what the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are remain to be identified. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and cyberbullying victimization and whether self-compassion and fear of missing out (FoMO) can simultaneously moderate this relationship among adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A sample of 1025 Chinese adolescents (50.8 % male participants, age = 15.50 ± 0.52 years) completed questionnaires regarding childhood maltreatment, cyberbullying victimization, self-compassion, and FoMO. METHODS Our hypotheses were tested by correlation analysis and Model 3 of the PROCESS macro. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment significantly predicted adolescents' cyberbullying victimization (β = 0.28, p < .001). High self-compassion weakened the relationship between childhood maltreatment and cyberbullying victimization (β = -0.10, p < .001). Furthermore, self-compassion and FoMO simultaneously interacted with childhood maltreatment to predict cyberbullying victimization (β = 0.08, p < .001). Specifically, high FoMO weakened the moderating effect of self-compassion on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and cyberbullying victimization. Childhood maltreatment significantly predicted cyberbullying victimization among adolescents high in FoMO, regardless of self-compassion levels. In contrast, childhood maltreatment non-significantly predicted cyberbullying victimization when adolescents were high in self-compassion and low in FoMO. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment is positively associated with cyberbullying victimization. Moreover, increasing self-compassion and decreasing FoMO can mitigate the effect of childhood maltreatment on cyberbullying victimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Geng
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Ling Bao
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Li Lei
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eskin Bacaksiz F, Tuna R, Alan H. Nomophobia, netlessphobia, and fear of missing out in nursing students: A cross-sectional study in distance education. Nurse Educ Today 2022; 118:105523. [PMID: 36058115 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pandemic, along with distance education, nursing students' smartphone and internet usage habits have changed and their duration has been extended. However, the effect of this situation on problems that may develop due to excessive/inappropriate use of smartphones and the internet such as nomophobia, netlessphobia, fear of missing out is unknown. This study was conducted to measure nursing students' nomophobia, netlessphobia, and fear of missing out levels and identify the correlations between them. METHODS This descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted on 802 students studying in 3 nursing faculties between November 2021 and February 2022. Introductory Information Form, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Fırat Netlessphobia Scale and Fear of Missing Out Scale were used to collect the data. RESULTS The nursing students used their smartphones for 5.13 ± 2.26 h on average per day and used internet from their smartphones for 4.65 ± 2.74 h. They considered themselves as partly smartphone addicts and they were active users on social media platforms such as WhatsApp (97.3 %) or Instagram (82.2 %). The students' nomophobia mean score was 2.98 ± 0.78, their netlessphobia mean score was 2.53 ± 0.87, and their fear of missing out mean score was 2.18 ± 0.80. Netlessphobia alone accounted for 44.4 % of nomophobia and there was a positive and moderate correlation between them (r = 0.666; p < .001). Fear of missing out alone accounted for 18.5 % of nomophobia and there was a positive and moderate correlation between them (r = 0.430; p < .001). Both of them affected nomophobia by 45.4 %. CONCLUSIONS Despite the increase in the digital activities of nursing students in the distance education process, it is positive that the netlessphobia and fear of missing out scores are low. However, higher nomophobia scores and strong relationships between concepts require being aware of possible problems, monitoring and taking precautions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feride Eskin Bacaksiz
- Department of Nursing Administration, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rujnan Tuna
- Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Alan
- Department of Nursing Administration, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liang L, Li C, Meng C, Guo X, Lv J, Fei J, Mei S. Psychological distress and internet addiction following the COVID-19 outbreak: Fear of missing out and boredom proneness as mediators. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 40:8-14. [PMID: 36064250 PMCID: PMC8934433 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused major changes in people's mental health and behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether boredom proneness and fear of missing out acted as mediators between psychological distress and Internet addiction (IA). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020, including 552 youths aged 17-28 years. The recruited participants were asked to complete a series of self-reported questionnaires regarding psychological distress, fear of missing out, boredom proneness and IA. The results indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the reporting rate of IA in young adults was 28.1%, and fear of missing out and boredom proneness played multiple mediation roles in the relationship between psychological distress and IA. Governments and education departments should focus on young people with psychological deficits to prevent them from succumbing to IA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Chuanen Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Cuicui Meng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Xinmeng Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Jianping Lv
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Junsong Fei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Songli Mei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Opsenica Kostić J, Pedović I, Stošić M. Predicting social media use intensity in late adolescence: The role of attachment to friends and fear of missing out. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 229:103667. [PMID: 35841690 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of research on social media use (SMU) is focused on its negative effects while often disregarding that it can also help adolescents form and maintain a network of social relations and support. This study explores the possibility of predicting SMU intensity based on peer attachment dimensions (Trust, Communication, Alienation) and FoMO on a sample of adolescents (N = 557; Mage = 18.09; SDage = .275). The results show that Trust and Communication (merged in one dimension of Peer support) are positive predictors of SMU and that this effect is partly mediated by FoMO which was also found to be a positive predictor. Alienation was not a significant predictor in the first step of regression analysis, but it became significant upon the addition of FoMO. The indirect effects analysis showed that FoMO suppresses the effect of Alienation on SMU intensity - the stronger FoMO the smaller the effect of Alienation. To sum up, when there is trust and good communication in relationships with friends, but also Fear of missing out, there will be more intensive use of SM. In addition, although being alienated from friends can restrict the use of SM, this effect is diminished if there is Fear of missing out. Taken together, these results point to the role of peer attachment and FoMO in predicting the intensity of SMU which can be viewed not as a negative phenomenon but as a way of acquiring social capital and a means of preserving and maintaining already acquired social capital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Pedović
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš, Ćirila i Metodija 2, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Marina Stošić
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Čika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ashiru JA, Oluwajana D, Biabor OS. Is the Global Pandemic Driving Me Crazy? The Relationship Between Personality Traits, Fear of Missing Out, and Social Media Fatigue During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-16. [PMID: 35069044 PMCID: PMC8760102 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individ uals' psychological behaviors and fear of missing out are affected by the global pandemic. This study investigates how individual "Big Five" personality traits influence fear of missing out leading to social media fatigue, the impact of social media fatigue on social media fatigue behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown. As a result, this study proposes and develops a model using the structural equation modelling for data obtained from young adults in the South-Western region of Nigeria. Results show the impact of openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion emotional instability was positively significant towards fear of missing out over the use of social media during COVID-19, whereas the effect of agreeableness and emotional stability were insignificant towards fear of missing out over the use of social media during COVID-19. In addition, the impact of the fear of missing out on social media fatigue influences social media fatigue behavior. Theoretical and managerial implications for "Big Five" personality traits, fear of missing out, social media fatigue, and social media behaviors are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jola-ade Ashiru
- Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Lefkosa, North Cyprus Cyprus
| | - Dokun Oluwajana
- Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Lefkosa, North Cyprus Cyprus
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Atış Akyol N, Atalan Ergin D, Krettmann AK, Essau CA. Is the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and mental health problems mediated by fear of missing out and escapism? Addict Behav Rep 2021; 14:100384. [PMID: 34938842 PMCID: PMC8664862 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher level of problematic mobile phone use was associated with higher level of mental health problems, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and escapism. Higher level of mental health problems was associated with higher level of FoMO. Higher level of FoMO and worry was associated with higher level of escapism. The association between problematic mobile phone use and mental health problems was not mediated by FoMO and escapism.
Introduction Individuals with problematic mobile phone use often report mental health problems, however, little is known about factors which mediate this association. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of fear of missing out (FoMO) and escapism in an attempt to explain the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and mental health problems. Method A total of 235 undergraduate students in Turkey participated in this study. These participants completed a set of questionnaires to measure fear of missing out, problematic mobile phone use, escapism, depression, anxiety, stress, and worry severity. Results Participants with a high level of problematic mobile phone use also had a high level of mental health problems, FoMO, and escapism. The association between problematic mobile phone use and mental health problems was not mediated by FoMO and escapism. Conclusion Personal characteristics such as emotional regulation and self-regulation need to be examined in future studies in order to determine their potential mediating role in explaining the association between problematic mobile phone use and mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna K Krettmann
- Centre for Applied Research and Assessment in Child and Adolescent Wellbeing, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Servidio R, Sinatra M, Griffiths MD, Monacis L. Social comparison orientation and fear of missing out as mediators between self-concept clarity and problematic smartphone use. Addict Behav 2021; 122:107014. [PMID: 34153569 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to provide empirical evidence for the sequential mediating role of social comparison orientation and fear of missing out (FoMO) in the relationship between self-concept clarity (SCC) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) within the framework of the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. A sample of 474 Italian participants (Mage = 29.48; 52.7% females) completed a battery of self-report instruments including the Self-Concept Clarity Scale, the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation, the Fear of Missing Out Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and structural equation modelling analyses were conducted. Results confirmed the hypothesized relationships and indicated that SCC was negatively associated with PSU use and that this association was partially and sequentially mediated by social comparison orientation and FoMO. Both mediators could therefore be considered as proximal factors of PSU. Implications and further research suggestions are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Servidio
- Department of Cultures, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Building Cube 20/B, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Sinatra
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; University Institute SSML "N. Mandela", 75100 Matera, Italy.
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucia Monacis
- Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Geng J, Lei L, Ouyang M, Nie J, Wang P. The influence of perceived parental phubbing on adolescents' problematic smartphone use: A two-wave multiple mediation model. Addict Behav 2021; 121:106995. [PMID: 34090204 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using a two-wave longitudinal design, the current study examined the relationship between early perceived parental phubbing and subsequent problematic smartphone use. As loneliness is a sensitive indicator of interpersonal problems and fear of missing out is a strong predictor of Internet-related addiction, we examined these two variables as possible mediators in this relationship based on existing literature. A total of 1447 Chinese adolescents (572 males and 875 females, mean age = 16.15 years) completed questionnaires regarding perceived parental phubbing, loneliness, fear of missing out, and problematic smartphone use. The results indicated that: (a) early fathers' phubbing (fphubbing) and mothers' phubbing (mphubbing) predicted adolescents' subsequent problematic smartphone use; (b) loneliness mediated the relationship between early fphubbing/mphubbing and adolescents' subsequent problematic smartphone use; and (c) loneliness and fear of missing out sequentially mediated the relationship between early fphubbing/mphubbing and adolescents' subsequent problematic smartphone use. These results suggested that three types of interventions could be effectively used to decrease the risk of problematic smartphone use among adolescents, namely, reducing perceived parental phubbing, relieving loneliness, and decreasing fear of missing out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Geng
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Li Lei
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Mingkun Ouyang
- College of Education Science, Guangxi University for Nationalities, No. 188 University Drive East, Xining, Guangxi 530006, China
| | - Jia Nie
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Education, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Boustead R, Flack M. Moderated-mediation analysis of problematic social networking use: The role of anxious attachment orientation, fear of missing out and satisfaction with life. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106938. [PMID: 33845255 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anxious attachment orientation has a well document relationship with problematic social networking use. Additionally, the fear of missing out and satisfaction with life have emerged as robust predictors of problematic social networking use. However, it remains unclear how these determinants may converge to promote problematic social networking use. Thus, the current study examined how anxious attachment, fear of missing out, and satisfaction with life concurrently influence problematic social networking use. One hundred and eighty-eight participants were recruited from online dissertation swap sites to complete an online questionnaire. The mean age of the sample was 31.95 (SD = 11.54) and 67% were female. As expected, anxious attachment was positively related to problematic social networking use. Further analysis indicated the relationship between anxious attachment and problematic social networking use was mediated by fear of missing out, and this relationship was moderated by satisfaction with life. These findings indicate that engendering greater levels of life satisfaction in those who engage in problematic social networking could present a viable prevention or treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roz Boustead
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia; College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Mal Flack
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia; College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gupta M, Sharma A. Fear of missing out: A brief overview of origin, theoretical underpinnings and relationship with mental health. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4881-4889. [PMID: 34307542 PMCID: PMC8283615 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a unique term introduced in 2004 to describe a phenomenon observed on social networking sites. FoMO includes two processes; firstly, perception of missing out, followed up with a compulsive behavior to maintain these social connections. We are interested in understanding the complex construct of FoMO and its relations to the need to belong and form stable interpersonal relationships. It is associated with a range of negative life experiences and feelings, due to it being considered a problematic attachment to social media. We have provided a general review of the literature and have summarized the findings in relation to mental health, social functioning, sleep, academic performance and productivity, neuro-developmental disorders, and physical well-being. We have also discussed the treatment options available for FoMo based on cognitive behavior therapy. It imperative that new findings on FoMO are communicated to the clinical community as it has diagnostic implications and could be a confounding variable in those who do not respond to treatment as usual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Gupta
- Clarion Psychiatric Center and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clarion, PA 16214, United States
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Cyberstalking is a form of persecution that has proliferated with technology's evolution. The present research aimed to develop a cyberstalking measure and observe its relations with Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), social media engagement, and sociodemographic variables. To achieve these goals, two studies were performed. In the first study, 200 subjects (76.5% female, with a mean age of 21.6 years) answered the 15 items originally developed for the scale. These data went trough exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha to verify the reliability of the instrument. The results indicated the exclusion of five items, and after this removal, the scale was valid and reliable (α = 0.86). In the second study, which also had 200 subjects (65% female and an average age of 21.8 years), was realized confirmatory factor analysis (measuring the model fit), accompanied by correlations and mediation analysis. The analyzes demonstrated that the one-factor model was adequate (GFI = 0.98; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.02; SRMR = 0.06). Path analysis showed social media engagement as a significant mediator of FOMO and gender's impact on cyberstalking: Both had direct (FOMO: λ = 0.31; CI = 0.19-0.42; p < 0.01; Gender: λ = 0.12; CI = 0.02-0.22; p < 0.05) and indirect effects (FOMO: λ = 0.07; CI = 0.03-0.11; p < 0.01; Gender: λ = 0.04; CI = 0.01-0.07; p < 0.01).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Leandra Silva Santos
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Departament of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Pimentel
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Departament of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| | - Tailson Evangelista Mariano
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Departament of Psychology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yuan G, Elhai JD, Hall BJ. The influence of depressive symptoms and fear of missing out on severity of problematic smartphone use and Internet gaming disorder among Chinese young adults: A three-wave mediation model. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106648. [PMID: 32977268 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) symptoms are associated with increased depression symptom severity across studies. The current study aimed to examine the fear of missing out (FoMO) as a possible mediator in this relationship. We employed a three-wave longitudinal design among 341 Chinese university students. Results indicated that depression severity was significantly related to increased symptoms of PSU and IGD symptoms. FoMO significantly mediated the linkage between depression and PSU severity. IGD symptoms also partially mediated the relation between FoMO and PSU severity. This longitudinal study demonstrates the key role of FoMO in the linkage between psychopathology symptoms and Internet-related overuse.
Collapse
|
41
|
Fang J, Wang X, Wen Z, Zhou J. Fear of missing out and problematic social media use as mediators between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior. Addict Behav 2020; 107:106430. [PMID: 32289745 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has identified some risk factors for phubbing behavior. However, scarce research has examined the potential influence of emotional support from social media on phubbing behavior, and little is known regarding the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. The present study examined the predictive role of emotional support from social media on phubbing behavior among college students and investigated whether fear of missing out and problematic social media use both mediated the relationship between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior. A sample of 501 Chinese college students (aged 17-23, Mage = 19.6 years, SD = 1.24) completed questionnaires regarding emotional support from social media, fear of missing out, problematic social media use, and phubbing behavior. The results indicated that (a) emotional support from social media was positively associated with phubbing behavior; (b) both fear of missing out and problematic social media use mediated the relationship between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior; and (c) fear of missing out and problematic social media use sequentially mediated the relationship between emotional support from social media and phubbing behavior. These findings have important implications for the prevention and intervention of phubbing behavior among college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, No. 21 Luntou Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Xingchao Wang
- School of Educational Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Zhonglin Wen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application/School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, No. 21 Luntou Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510320, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Elhai JD, Gallinari EF, Rozgonjuk D, Yang H. Depression, anxiety and fear of missing out as correlates of social, non-social and problematic smartphone use. Addict Behav 2020; 105:106335. [PMID: 32062337 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined mental health variables in relation to social vs. non-social smartphone use, and how such types of use relate to problematic smartphone use (PSU). We conducted a web survey of 316 American undergraduate students about severity of depression, anxiety, fear of missing out (FOMO), social and non-social smartphone use, and PSU. Using structural equation modeling, we found that compared to social smartphone use, non-social use was more strongly linked with severity of PSU (β = 0.18, p < .05) and FOMO (β = 0.24, p < .05). FOMO mediated relations between depression severity and non-social smartphone use (β = 0.09, p = .04). Furthermore, FOMO mediated relations between both depression (β = 0.23, p < .001) and anxiety (β = 0.16, p = .04) with PSU severity. We discuss non-social smartphone use as a possible avoidance strategy among anxious individuals, and the role of FOMO in individuals desiring social connectedness but also feeling socially anxious. Results are discussed in the context of a comprehensive theoretical model on pathways toward excessive internet use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Elhai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin 300074, China; Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Elizabeth F Gallinari
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia; Center of IT Impact Studies, Johann Skytte Institute for Political Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, Tartu 51003, Estonia; Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin 300074, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Elhai JD, Yang H, Rozgonjuk D, Montag C. Using machine learning to model problematic smartphone use severity: The significant role of fear of missing out. Addict Behav 2020; 103:106261. [PMID: 31901886 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined a model of psychopathology variables, age and sex as correlates of problematic smartphone use (PSU) severity using supervised machine learning in a sample of Chinese undergraduate students. A sample of 1097 participants completed measures querying demographics, and psychological measures of PSU, depression and anxiety symptoms, fear of missing out (FOMO), and rumination. We used several different machine learning algorithms to train our statistical model of age, sex and the psychological variables in modeling PSU severity, trained using many simulated replications on a random subset of participants, and externally tested on the remaining subset of participants. Shrinkage algorithms (lasso, ridge, and elastic net regression) performing slightly but statistically better than other algorithms. Results from the training subset generalized to the test subset, without substantial worsening of fit using traditional fit indices. FOMO had the largest relative contribution in modeling PSU severity when adjusting for other covariates in the model. Results emphasize the significance of FOMO to the construct of PSU.
Collapse
|
44
|
Casale S, Fioravanti G. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the fear of missing out scale in emerging adults and adolescents. Addict Behav 2020; 102:106179. [PMID: 31704432 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fear of missing out (FoMO) has been linked to problematic social media use and negative health outcomes among adolescents and emerging adults. The 10-item Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO) is the most used instrument to measure FoMO levels and, for this reason, it seems relevant to evaluate its psychometric properties across various cultures. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the scale items using a sample of 436 college students [F = 51.1%; M (SD) = 22.13 (2.78) years old]. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in order to determine whether the results of Study 1 could be confirmed with another sample of college students [n = 239; F = 61.1%; M (SD) = 23.02(2.64) years old] and adolescents [n = 178; M = 57.3%; M (SD) = 16.2 (1.48) years old]. The model was also tested for measurement invariance by sex and age (collegiate versus high school students). Full scalar invariance of the FoMO across sex and age was supported and adequate internal consistency was found. Convergent validity was also demonstrated. As a result, we concluded that the FoMO might be used in clinical settings as a means of screening people who show potentially high behavioral engagement with social media. The FoMO can also help identify specific maladaptive cognitions and ruminative thoughts that maintain FoMO.
Collapse
|
45
|
Elhai JD, Rozgonjuk D, Liu T, Yang H. Fear of missing out predicts repeated measurements of greater negative affect using experience sampling methodology. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:298-303. [PMID: 31733919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of missing out (FOMO) has been increasingly researched recently, especially in relation to negative affectivity constructs. Our aim was to examine relations between FOMO and repeated measurements of negative affect over one week. METHOD We investigated associations between FOMO and prospectively-measured negative affect over one week in an experience sampling study of 93 undergraduate students. Participants completed an initial web survey assessing depression, anxiety and FOMO. Over the week, participants responded to daily text messages, assessing negative affect from earlier in the day. RESULTS On a bivariate basis, FOMO, depression and anxiety severity were related to daily negative affect assessments. Using multivariate growth modeling, higher initial negative affect was related to decreasing negative affect over the week. Female sex and higher anxiety related to higher initial negative affect ratings. Higher FOMO levels related to increasing negative affect over the week. LIMITATIONS Findings were based on self-report methodology, using university students and only one week of measurement. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that women and more anxious individuals had higher initial negative affect, while FOMO predicted increasing negative affect over the week. Results advance understanding of FOMO in relation to psychopathology, and are discussed in the context of Self-Determination Theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Elhai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300074, China; Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA.
| | - Dmitri Rozgonjuk
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia; Center of IT Impact Studies, Johann Skytte Institute for Political Studies, University of Tartu, Lossi 36, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Tour Liu
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300074, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300074, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Elhai JD, Yang H, Fang J, Bai X, Hall BJ. Depression and anxiety symptoms are related to problematic smartphone use severity in Chinese young adults: Fear of missing out as a mediator. Addict Behav 2020; 101:105962. [PMID: 31030950 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently studies examined mediating psychological constructs accounting for relations between both depression and anxiety with problematic smartphone use (PSU) severity. The aim of the current study was to analyze the fear of missing out (FOMO) as a possible mediator in these relationships. METHOD We recruited 1034 Chinese undergraduate students via a web-based survey that measured smartphone use frequency, PSU, depression, anxiety and FOMO. RESULTS Structural equation modeling demonstrated that FOMO was significantly related to smartphone use frequency and PSU severity. FOMO significantly mediated relations between anxiety and both smartphone use frequency and PSU severity. FOMO did not account for relations between depression and smartphone use/PSU. CONCLUSION This is one of the first studies testing FOMO in relation to PSU severity among Asian participants. FOMO may be an important variable accounting for why some types of psychopathology (e.g., anxiety) are associated with PSU.
Collapse
|
47
|
Coskun S, Karayagız Muslu G. Investigation of Problematic Mobile Phones Use and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Level in Adolescents. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:1004-14. [PMID: 31209716 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-019-00422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to define problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and level of fear of missing out developments in social media (FoMO) in adolescents. The study sample consisted of 1630 students. The data were collected using fear of missing out scale (FoMOS), and scale for problematic mobile phone use (PU). Statistically significant differences were found the mean scores on PU according to gender, age, and academic success. The students' mean scores on PU and FoMOS were found to significant difference depending on frequency of social media and phone use. A significant relationship was found between the mean scores for FoMOS and PU. The regression analyses showed that the independent variables predict 27.5% of PMPU.
Collapse
|
48
|
Dempsey AE, O'Brien KD, Tiamiyu MF, Elhai JD. Fear of missing out (FoMO) and rumination mediate relations between social anxiety and problematic Facebook use. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 9:100150. [PMID: 31193746 PMCID: PMC6542373 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior research has found that psychopathology constructs such as depression and anxiety are associated with problematic use of Facebook (PFU). In the present study, we examined a structural equation model whereby depression, social anxiety and lower life satisfaction predicted PFU severity, while analyzing mediating variables including rumination, fear of missing out (FoMO), and frequency of Facebook use, as well as age and gender as covariates. Method Participants were 296 college students administered a web survey of instruments measuring these constructs. Results Modeling results demonstrate that FoMO and rumination were significantly related to PFU severity. Facebook use frequency was related to PFU severity. FoMO and rumination each mediated relations between social anxiety and PFU severity. Conclusions Results are discussed in the context of prior work on FoMO and excessive technology use, as well as several relevant theoretical frameworks. Fear of missing out (FoMO) was related to problematic Facebook use (PFU) severity. Facebook use frequency related to PFU severity. Rumination was associated with PFU severity. Rumination mediated relations between social anxiety and PFU severity. FoMO mediated relations between social anxiety and PFU severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Dempsey
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Kelsey D O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Mojisola F Tiamiyu
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jon D Elhai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA.,Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, No. 57-1 Wujiayao Street, Hexi District, Tianjin 300074, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Casale S, Rugai L, Fioravanti G. Exploring the role of positive metacognitions in explaining the association between the fear of missing out and social media addiction. Addict Behav 2018; 85:83-87. [PMID: 29864680 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate: a) the contribution of the fear of missing out (FoMO) in explaining social media problematic use taking also into account the fear of being negatively evaluated and the perception of low self-presentational skills; b) the mediating role of positive metacognitions about social media use in the relationship between FoMO and social media problematic use. A sample of 579 undergraduates was recruited (54.6% F; mean age = 22.39 ± 2.82). Among females, the assessed structural model produced good fit to the data [χ2 = 101.11, df = 52, p < .001; RMSEA = 0.05 (90% C.I. =0.04-0.07), CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.05]. FoMO and self-presentational skills were both directly and indirectly associated with social media problematic use through the mediation of positive metacognitions. Fear of negative evaluation was not associated with social media problematic use. Among males, FoMO had both a direct and an indirect effect on social media problematic use mediated by positive metacognitions. The fear of negative evaluation and self-presentational skills were only indirectly associated with social media problematic use through positive metacognitions. The assessed structural model produced good fit to the data [χ2 = 98.02, df = 55, p < .001; RMSEA = 0.05 (90% C.I. =0.04-0.07), CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.07]. The present study confirmed the role of FoMO with respect to social media problematic use and highlighted for the first time the mediating role of positive metacognitions in this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Rugai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Scott H, Woods HC. Fear of missing out and sleep: Cognitive behavioural factors in adolescents' nighttime social media use. J Adolesc 2018; 68:61-65. [PMID: 30031979 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social media use has been linked to poor adolescent sleep outcomes, but the mechanisms behind this association are not yet well understood. This study examines links between adolescents' social media habits, fear of missing out and sleep outcomes, using path analysis to evaluate a model of proposed underlying mechanisms. METHODS Adolescents aged 12-18 years (N = 101) completed questionnaire measures. RESULTS Nighttime social media use was associated with later bedtimes, increased pre-sleep cognitive arousal, longer sleep onset latency and shorter sleep duration. Path analysis supported a model whereby fear of missing out predicted shorter sleep duration via two distinct mechanisms: (1) at a behavioural level, by driving late night social media use, which delays bedtimes; (2) at a cognitive level, by increasing pre-sleep cognitive arousal, thus further delaying sleep onset. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to develop and evaluate intervention strategies should therefore consider not only social media behaviours but also underlying cognitive factors, such as fear of missing out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Scott
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Heather Cleland Woods
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|