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Fidalgo DS, Samimi K, Oyen ML, Skala MC, Jorge RMN, Parente MPL, Malanowska E, Oliveira DA, Myers KM. Development of a multilayer fetal membrane material model calibrated using bulge inflation mechanical tests. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106344. [PMID: 38160642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The fetal membranes are an essential mechanical structure for pregnancy, protecting the developing fetus in an amniotic fluid environment and rupturing before birth. In cooperation with the cervix and the uterus, the fetal membranes support the mechanical loads of pregnancy. Structurally, the fetal membranes comprise two main layers: the amnion and the chorion. The mechanical characterization of each layer is crucial to understanding how each layer contributes to the structural performance of the whole membrane. The in-vivo mechanical loading of the fetal membranes and the amount of tissue stress generated in each layer throughout gestation remains poorly understood, as it is difficult to perform direct measurements on pregnant patients. Finite element analysis of pregnancy offers a computational method to explore how anatomical and tissue remodeling factors influence the load-sharing of the uterus, cervix, and fetal membranes. To aid in the formulation of such computational models of pregnancy, this work develops a fiber-based multilayer fetal membrane model that captures its response to previously published bulge inflation loading data. First, material models for the amnion, chorion, and maternal decidua are formulated, informed, and validated by published data. Then, the behavior of the fetal membrane as a layered structure was analyzed, focusing on the respective stress distribution and thickness variation in each layer. The layered computational model captures the overall behavior of the fetal membranes, with the amnion being the mechanically dominant layer. The inclusion of fibers in the amnion material model is an important factor in obtaining reliable fetal membrane behavior according to the experimental dataset. These results highlight the potential of this layered model to be integrated into larger biomechanical models of the gravid uterus and cervix to study the mechanical mechanisms of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Fidalgo
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Mechanical Department (DEMec), Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Michelle L Oyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Renato M N Jorge
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Mechanical Department (DEMec), Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco P L Parente
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Mechanical Department (DEMec), Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ewelina Malanowska
- Department of Gynaecology, Endocrinology and Gynaecologic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dulce A Oliveira
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kristin M Myers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering - Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Lintao RCV, Kammala AK, Vora N, Yaklic JL, Menon R. Fetal membranes exhibit similar nutrient transporter expression profiles to the placenta. Placenta 2023; 135:33-42. [PMID: 36913807 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During pregnancy, the growth of the fetus is supported by the exchange of nutrients, waste, and other molecules between maternal and fetal circulations in the utero-placental unit. Nutrient transfer, in particular, is mediated by solute transporters such as solute carrier (SLC) and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) proteins. While nutrient transport has been extensively studied in the placenta, the role of human fetal membranes (FM), which was recently reported to have a role in drug transport, in nutrient uptake remains unknown. OBJECTIVES This study determined nutrient transport expression in human FM and FM cells and compared expression with placental tissues and BeWo cells. METHODS RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of placental and FM tissues and cells was done. Genes of major solute transporter groups, such as SLC and ABC, were identified. Proteomic analysis of cell lysates was performed via nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) to confirm expression at a protein level. RESULTS We determined that FM tissues and cells derived from the fetal membrane tissues express nutrient transporter genes, and their expression is similar to that seen in the placenta or BeWo cells. In particular, transporters involved in macronutrient and micronutrient transfer were identified in both placental and FM cells. Consistent with RNA-Seq findings, carbohydrate transporters (3), vitamin transport-related proteins (8), amino acid transporters (21), fatty acid transport-related proteins (9), cholesterol transport-related proteins (6) and nucleoside transporters (3) were identified in BeWo and FM cells, with both groups sharing similar nutrient transporter expression. CONCLUSION This study determined the expression of nutrient transporters in human FMs. This knowledge is the first step in improving our understanding of nutrient uptake kinetics during pregnancy. Functional studies are required to determine the properties of nutrient transporters in human FMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C V Lintao
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA; College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, 547 Pedro Gil St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Ananth Kumar Kammala
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA.
| | - Natasha Vora
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA; John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA
| | - Jerome L Yaklic
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA.
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Goldman B, Radnaa E, Kechichian T, Menon R. Silencing P38 MAPK reduces cellular senescence in human fetal chorion trophoblast cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13648. [PMID: 36334089 PMCID: PMC9771926 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Amniochorion senescence generates mechanistic signals to initiate parturition. Activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) in fetal amnion cells is a key mediator of senescence as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of amnion cells. However, the impact of p38 MAPK in chorion trophoblast cells (CTCs) is unclear. We tested if eliminating p38 will reduce oxidative stress (OS) induced cell fates like cellular senescence, EMT, and inflammation induced by these processes in CTCs. METHODS p38MAPK in CTCs was silenced using CRISPR/Cas9. OS was evoked by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure. EMT was evoked by transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß treatment. Cell cycle, senescence, EMT, and inflammation were analyzed. RESULTS CSE-induced changes in the cell cycle were not seen in p38KO CTCs compared to WT cells. OS induced by CSE evoked senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP as indicated by IL-6 and IL-8 increase) in WT but not in p38MAPK KO CTCs. No changes were noted in HLA-G expression regardless of the status of p38MAPK. Neither CSE nor TGF-ß evoked EMT in either WT or p38 KO CTCs. CONCLUSION Senescence and senescence-associated inflammation in human fetal CTCs are mediated by p38MAPK. Compared to amnion epithelial cells, CTCs are resistant to EMT. This refractoriness may help them to maintain the barrier functions at the choriodecidual interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Goldman
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Talar Kechichian
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Miller AS, Hidalgo TN, Abrahams VM. Human fetal membrane IL-1β production in response to bacterial components is mediated by uric-acid induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 149:103457. [PMID: 34875574 PMCID: PMC8792319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important mediator of preterm birth. IL-1β secretion is mediated by the inflammasome that processes pro-IL-1β into its active form. However the mechanisms involved at the level of the fetal membrane (FM) are not fully understood. This study sought to determine the FM compartment involved in IL-1β production in response to bacterial components and to evaluate the mechanism of inflammasome activation. Since IL-18 is also mediated by the inflammasome and IL-8 is a chemoattractant that contributes to neutrophil recruitment in chorioamnionitis, we also evaluated the production of these factors. A human explant system was used to evaluate the response of the chorion, amnion, and intact FMs to the bacterial components lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), or muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The chorion was the major source of IL-1β and IL-8 production in response to LPS, PGN, and MDP. LPS, PGN, and MDP induced FM IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in a non-pyroptotic manner through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome with contributions from ATP release through Pannexin-1, and ROS signaling. Since LPS, PGN, and MDP are not known to activate NLRP3 directly, the role of uric acid as a potential mediator was assessed. FMs produced elevated uric acid in response to LPS, PGN and MDP. FM IL-1β secretion was inhibited by allopurinol, which blocks uric acid production, for LPS and PGN, and to a lesser degree, MDP. These findings shed light on the mechanisms by which fetal membrane inflammation and subsequent preterm birth may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Miller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tiffany N. Hidalgo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Corresponding Author: Vikki M. Abrahams PhD. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LSOG 305C, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Phone: 203-785-2175
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Kim S, Richardson L, Radnaa E, Chen Z, Rusyn I, Menon R, Han A. Molecular mechanisms of environmental toxin cadmium at the feto-maternal interface investigated using an organ-on-chip (FMi-OOC) model. J Hazard Mater 2022; 422:126759. [PMID: 34391970 PMCID: PMC8595660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Human labor is associated with feto-maternal-derived signals that coordinate to initiate delivery. Exposure to environmental chemicals can prematurely trigger labor-initiating signals at the feto-maternal interface (FMi: decidua, amniochorion), leading to spontaneous preterm birth (PTB). Testing the association between environmental chemical exposure and PTB is difficult due to many limitations in vivo or in vitro. Physiological organ-on-chips (OOCs) are potential alternatives for studying mechanisms leading to PTB. The presented study tested the effect of maternal exposure to cadmium (Cd), an environmental toxin, using the FMi-OOC that incorporates maternal decidua cells and three different fetal cells (chorion, amnion mesenchymal, and amnion epithelial cells). Cd transport through the FMi and its impact on cell cycle, cell death, and inflammation were analyzed. Cd treatment resulted in significant cell death and a pro-inflammatory environment in the maternal decidua, but had minimal effect on the fetal chorion cells, and no effect in the fetal amnion cells compared to controls. The maternal response, but lack of fetal response, indicates that Cd-mediated adverse effects originate from maternal pathophysiology rather than fetal-derived triggers of preterm labor. This study demonstrates that the FMi-OOC can indeed predict the response of FMi upon exposure to chemicals, opening the possibility for using OOC models for environmental toxin screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-1062, USA
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-1062, USA
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-1062, USA.
| | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Zhu C, Jiang Z, Johnson GA, Burghardt RC, Bazer FW, Wu G. Nutritional and Physiological Regulation of Water Transport in the Conceptus. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022; 1354:109-25. [PMID: 34807439 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Water transport during pregnancy is essential for maintaining normal growth and development of conceptuses (embryo/fetus and associated membranes). Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral plasma membrane proteins that primarily transport water across the plasma membrane. At least 11 isoforms of AQPs (AQPs 1-9, 11, and 12) are differentially expressed in the mammalian placenta (amnion, allantois, and chorion), and organs (kidney, lung, brain, heart, and skin) of embryos/fetuses during prenatal development. Available evidence suggests that the presence of AQPs in the conceptus mediates water movement across the placenta to support the placentation, the homeostasis of amniotic and allantoic fluid volumes, as well as embryonic and fetal survival, growth and development. Abundances of AQPs in the conceptus can be modulated by nutritional status and physiological factors affecting the pregnant female. Here, we summarize the effects of maternal dietary factors (such as intakes of protein, arginine, lipids, all-trans retinoic acid, copper, zinc, and mercury) on the expression of AQPs in the conceptus. We also discuss the physiological changes in hormones (e.g., progesterone and estrogen), oxygen supply, nitric oxide, pH, and osmotic pressure associated with the regulation of fluid exchange between mother and fetus. These findings may help to improve the survival, growth, and development of embryo/fetus in livestock species and other mammals (including humans).
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Ishida A, Minamiguchi S, Yamada Y, Nakagawa R, Chigusa Y, Kondoh E, Mandai M, Haga H. Histological distribution pattern of hemosiderin deposition on the chorionic plate and fetal membrane of diffuse chorioamniotic hemosiderosis related to chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence. Placenta 2021; 105:1-6. [PMID: 33497930 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic abruption oligohydramnios sequence (CAOS) is histologically characterized by diffuse chorioamniotic hemosiderosis (DCH). However, the criteria for the histological evaluation of the extent of CAOS-related hemosiderin deposition (HD) of the membranes and the difference in HD between the chorionic plate (CP) and fetal membrane (FM) are not well studied. This case control study compared the degree and distribution pattern of HD on CP and FM to present the histological features of DCH and the criteria for histological evaluation. METHODS From the medical records of Kyoto University Hospital (2010-2019), we selected 20 CAOS cases that were clinically diagnosed by Elliot's criteria. Twenty non-CAOS cases matched to the CAOS group by gestational age were selected as controls. We compared the clinical data and pathological features in the two groups. We performed iron staining in all the cases and analyzed HD in CP and FM according to the histological score (H-Score: 0-12), which was determined as the density (0-3) multiplied by the extent of staining (0-4). RESULTS HD was found in 100% (20/20) of CAOS and 15% (3/20) of control cases. In both the FM and CP, CAOS cases showed a significantly higher HS than control cases (CAOS, HS = 4-12; Control, HS = 0-1, p < 0.0001). Three CAOS patients presented HD alone in the CP. The HS of the CP was significantly higher than that of the FM (p = 0.0003). DISCUSSION CAOS presented DCH with HS ≥ 4. This study showed that the CP might be more suitable for evaluating DCH than the FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Ishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Chigusa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondoh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Japan
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Trachsel C, Küker S, Nathues H, Grahofer A. Influence of different sow traits on the expulsion and characteristics of the placenta in a free farrowing system. Theriogenology 2020; 161:74-82. [PMID: 33302165 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The last phase of parturition is the detachment and expulsion of the placentas and should not exceed a duration of 4 h after the birth of the last piglet. At present, only a small amount of information is available about factors influencing the expulsion of the placenta, especially in sows accommodated in free farrowing systems. This study aimed at investigating the influence of sow traits on placenta expulsion in a free farrowing system in Switzerland. In this study, 48 crossbred sows were included and the following traits of the sows were investigated: Backfat thickness, birth induction with at least 116 days of gestation with prostaglandin F2α, placenta parts and weight, placental efficiency (quotient of litter weight and placental weight) and expulsion of the first placenta part in relation to the last piglet. In addition, the farrowing process and litter parameters were recorded. The piglet expulsion duration (260.3 ± 199.5 min) and placenta expulsion duration (388.7 ± 300.2 min) were positively correlated (p = 0.001). Sows that expelled the first placenta part simultaneously with the last piglet or even before the last piglet was born showed a significantly prolonged piglet expulsion duration in comparison to sows that expelled the first placenta part after the last piglet was born (305 ± 216 min vs. 139.0 ± 34.9 min; p < 0.01). Sows with 2-4 placenta parts had a significantly shorter farrowing (292.91 ± 117.92 min) and placenta expulsion duration (160.73 ± 104.00 min) than sows with 5-7 placenta parts (634.63 ± 330.79 min farrowing duration; 460.77 ± 337.32 min placenta expulsion duration) and sows with 8-10 placenta parts (599.00 ± 138.20 min farrowing duration; 438.43 ± 117.98 min placenta expulsion duration) (p < 0.01). Sows with placental efficiency <5 were characterized by a significantly higher number of liveborn piglets compared to sows with a placental efficiency ≥5 (17.1 ± 2.7 piglets vs. 13.6 ± 2.8 piglets; p = 0.002). This is the first study that evaluated the placental characteristics in a free farrowing system and compared it with specific sow traits. Especially, the expulsion of the first placenta and the number of placenta parts could be a reliable parameter to detect sows with obstetric problems and therefore enable improvement sow and piglet health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trachsel
- Clinic for Swine, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Küker
- Veterinary Public Health Institute (VPHI), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H Nathues
- Clinic for Swine, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Grahofer
- Clinic for Swine, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Ou YH, Liu YK, Zhu LQ, Chen MQ, Yi XC, Chen H, Zhang JP. LncRNA and transcriptomic analysis of fetal membrane reveal potential targets involved in oligohydramnios. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:137. [PMID: 32948205 PMCID: PMC7501699 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The multiple causes of oligohydramnios make it challenging to study. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are sets of RNAs that have been proven to function in multiple biological processes. The purpose of this study is to study expression level and possible role of lncRNAs in oligohydramnios. Methods In this study, total RNA was isolated from fetal membranes resected from oligohydramnios pregnant women (OP) and normal amount of amniotic fluid pregnant women (Normal). LncRNA microarray was used to analyze the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used to analyze the main enrichment pathways of differentially expressed mRNAs. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the lncRNA expression level. Results LncRNA microarray analysis revealed that a total of 801 lncRNAs and 367 mRNAs were differentially expressed in OP; in these results, 638 lncRNAs and 189 mRNAs were upregulated, and 163 lncRNAs and 178 mRNAs were downregulated. Of the lncRNAs, 566 were intergenic lncRNAs, 351 were intronic antisense lncRNAs, and 300 were natural antisense lncRNAs. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were primarily located in chromosomes 2, 1, and 11. KEGG enrichment pathways revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in focal adhesion as well as in the signaling pathways of Ras, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), estrogen, and chemokine. The qPCR results confirmed that LINC00515 and RP11-388P9.2 were upregulated in OP. Furthermore, the constructed lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network revealed tenascin R (TNR), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 12 (ABCA12), and collagen 9A2 (COL9A2) as the candidate targets of LINC00515 and RP11-388P9.2. Conclusions In summary, we revealed the profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in OP. These results might offer potential targets for biological prevention for pregnant women with oligohydramnios detected before delivery and provided a reliable basis for clinical biological treatment in OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Kun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Qiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Man-Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No.107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Potter JA, Tong M, Aldo P, Kwon JY, Pitruzzello M, Mor G, Abrahams VM. Viral infection dampens human fetal membrane type I interferon responses triggered by bacterial LPS. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 140:103126. [PMID: 32289593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maternal-fetal interface possesses innate immune strategies to protect against infections. We previously reported that prior viral infection of human fetal membranes (FMs) in vitro and mouse FMs in vivo sensitized the tissue to low dose bacterial LPS leading to augmented inflammation. The objective of this study was to examine FM production of type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the context of this polymicrobial model. Human FM explants and pregnant C57BL/6 mice were treated with or without low dose LPS following exposure to media or the γ-herpes virus, MHV-68. FM RNA was analyzed by qRT-PCR for type I IFNs, ISGs, upstream signaling, and MHV-68 open reading frames (ORFs). Pre-exposure to MHV-68 followed by LPS treatment inhibited the ability of LPS to induce human FM type I IFNs (IFNA, IFNB); ISGs (OAS, MxA, APOBEC3G) and upstream signaling mediators (RIG-I, TBK-1). Signaling mediators IRF-3 and IRF-7 were also reduced. In mouse FMs, pre-exposure to MHV-68 followed by LPS treatment reduced the ability of LPS to upregulate Ifna, Ifnb, Mxa, Irf7, and also reduced Irf3. MHV-68 infection of FMs induced ORF45 which targets IRF-7, and this was further augmented in response to a combination of MHV-68 and LPS. Together, these findings indicate that a viral infection blunts FM type I IFN production and signaling in response to LPS leading to a suppressed ISG response. Our studies suggest that a viral infection inhibits this protective FM response by negatively regulating IRF-7 through ORF45, leaving the maternal-fetal interface vulnerable to further viral attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Potter
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Mancy Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Paulomi Aldo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ja Young Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mary Pitruzzello
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA; C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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11
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Hockney R, Waring GJ, Taylor G, Cummings SP, Robson SC, Orr CH, Nelson A. Fetal membrane bacterial load is increased in histologically confirmed inflammatory chorioamnionitis: A retrospective cohort study. Placenta 2020; 91:43-51. [PMID: 32174306 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is widely debated whether fetal membranes possess a genuine microbiome, and if bacterial presence and load is linked to inflammation. Chorioamnionitis is an inflammation of the fetal membranes. This research focussed on inflammatory diagnosed histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) and aimed to determine whether the bacterial load in fetal membranes correlates to inflammatory response, including histological staging and inflammatory markers in HCA. METHODS Fetal membrane samples were collected from patients with preterm spontaneous labour and histologically phenotyped chorioamnionitis (HCA; n = 12), or preterm (n = 6) and term labour without HCA (n = 6). The bacterial profile of fetal membranes was analysed by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial load was determined using qPCR copy number/mg of tissue. The association between bacterial load and bacterial profile composition was assessed using correlation analysis. RESULTS Bacterial load was significantly greater within HCA amnion (p = 0.002) and chorion (p = 0.042), compared to preterm birth without HCA. Increased bacterial load was positively correlated with increased histological staging (p = 0.001) and the expression of five inflammatory markers; IL8, TLR1, TLR2, LY96 and IRAK2 (p=<0.050). Bacterial profiles were significantly different between membranes with and without HCA in amnion (p = 0.012) and chorion (p = 0.001), but no differences between specific genera were detected. DISCUSSION Inflammatory HCA is associated with infection and increased bacterial load in a dose response relationship. Bacterial load is positively correlated with HCA severity and the TLR signalling pathway. Further research should investigate the bacterial load threshold required to generate an inflammatory response in HCA.
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12
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Seo MJ, Lim JH, Kim DH, Bae HR. Loss of Aquaporin-3 in Placenta and Fetal Membranes Induces Growth Restriction in Mice. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:263-273. [PMID: 30324163 PMCID: PMC6182233 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) 3, a facilitated transporter of water and glycerol, expresses in
placenta and fetal membranes, but the detailed localization and function of AQP3
in placenta remain unclear. To elucidate a role of AQP3 in placenta, we defined
the expression and cellular localization of AQP3 in placenta and fetal
membranes, and investigated the structural and functional differences between
wild-type and AQP3 null mice. Gestational sacs were removed during
mid-gestational period and amniotic fluid was aspirated for measurements of
volume and composition. Fetuses with attached placenta and fetal membranes were
weighed and processed for histological assessment. AQP3 strongly expressed in
basolateral membrane of visceral yolk sac cells of fetal membrane, the
syncytiotrophoblasts of the labyrinthine placenta and fetal nucleated red blood
cell membrane. Mice lacking AQP3 did not exhibit a significant defect in
differentiation of trophoblast stem cells and normal placentation. However, AQP3
null fetuses were smaller than their control litter mates in spite of a decrease
in litter size. The total amniotic fluid volume per gestational sac was reduced,
but the amniotic fluid-to-fetal weight ratio was increased in AQP3 null mice
compared with wild-type mice. Glycerol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels
in amniotic fluid of AQP3 null mice were significantly reduced, whereas lactate
level increased when compared to those of wild-type mice. These results suggest
a role for AQP3 in supplying nutrients from yolk sac and maternal blood to
developing fetus by facilitating transport of glycerol in addition to water, and
its implication for the fetal growth in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joon Seo
- Dept. of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea.,Dept. of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Lim
- Dept. of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea.,Human Life Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Human Life Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Hae-Rahn Bae
- Dept. of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea.,Human Life Research Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
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13
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Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Brandt S, Bode P, Krähenmann F, Hüsler M, Möhrlen U, Mazzone L, Meuli M, Zimmermann R. Clinical and Histologic Evaluation of the Hysterotomy Site and Fetal Membranes after Open Fetal Surgery for Fetal Spina Bifida Repair. Fetal Diagn Ther 2018; 45:248-255. [PMID: 30048967 DOI: 10.1159/000488941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Among the risks associated with open fetal surgery, myometrium and fetal membrane issues are vexing problems since they may lead to uterine dehiscence or preterm premature rupture of membranes resulting in uterine rupture or preterm birth or both. The aim of this study was to examine whether stapled and sutured hysterotomy scars demonstrate partial or complete healing. METHODS Hysterotomy sites after open fetal surgery were clinically evaluated in 36 women during Caesarean section, classified into the categories intact, thin, and partially or completely dehiscent, then completely excised and histologically analyzed in 25 cases. The histological examination focused on wound healing of myometrium and fetal membranes. RESULTS The myometrium was intact, thin, and partially or completely dehiscent in 33, 58, and 9%, respectively. The interval between myelomeningocele repair and delivery did not correlate with the healing process. The myometrium showed a reparative zone (scar) with adjacent avital myometrium tissue, fibrosis, and inflammation with foreign body reaction. The intact myometrium was below 1 mm thickness in 56%. All fetal membranes showed complete dehiscence; in 41% they were completely avital. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that the myometrium shows scarring with substantial thinning or dehiscence. Fetal membranes do not heal spontaneously. In order to prevent uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies, we recommend the hysterotomy site to be completely excised after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ochsenbein-Kölble
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland,
| | - Simone Brandt
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bode
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Krähenmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Hüsler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Möhrlen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Mazzone
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meuli
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Zimmermann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Nunes V, Cross J, Speich JE, Morgan DR, Strauss JF, Ramus RM. Fetal membrane imaging and the prediction of preterm birth: a systematic review, current issues, and future directions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:387. [PMID: 27938341 PMCID: PMC5148829 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is the largest identifiable cause of preterm birth. There is currently no good screening test for PPROM in low-risk asymptomatic patients. Our goal was to identify how imaging methods can be utilized for examining the risks for PPROM in asymptomatic patients. Methods This paper is a systematic review of the literature on fetal membrane thickness and its use for the prediction of PPROM. Four key studies are identified and reviewed; two in vitro studies and two in vivo ultrasound studies each using differing methodologies. Additionally reviewed is a study using Optical Coherence Tomography, an emerging technique using near-infrared technology to produce high-resolution images. Results There is currently insufficient data to determine the association between fetal membrane thickness and PPROM by ultrasound. Conclusions Fetal membrane thickness could have relevant clinical ramifications for the prediction of PPROM. Suggested improvements in study methodology and design will lead to progress in this area of research, as well as the use of newer technologies. Larger sample sizes, histological comparison, uniform methodologies for data collection, longitudinal study design and expanding data analysis beyond fetal membrane thickness to other properties would expand our knowledge in this field. In addition, transvaginal ultrasound should be utilized to improve resolution, as well as emerging methodologies such as MRI fusion imaging using ultrasound and Shear Wave Elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nunes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Cross
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John E Speich
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Danielle R Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ronald M Ramus
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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15
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Marom Y, Goldman S, Shalev E, Shilo D. Characterization of irreversible physio-mechanical processes in stretched fetal membranes. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:299-310. [PMID: 26577989 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We perform bulge tests on live fetal membrane (FM) tissues that simulate the mechanical conditions prior to contractions. Experimental results reveal an irreversible mechanical behavior that appears during loading and is significantly different than the mechanical behavior that appears during unloading or in subsequent loading cycles. The irreversible behavior results in a residual strain that does not recover upon unloading and remains the same for at least 1h after the FM is unloaded. Surprisingly, the irreversible behavior demonstrates a linear stress-strain relation. We introduce a new model for the mechanical response of collagen tissues, which accounts for the irreversible deformation and provides predictions in agreement with our experimental results. The basic assumption of the model is that the constitutive stress-strain relationship of individual elements that compose the collagen fibers has a plateau segment during which an irreversible transformation/deformation occurs. Fittings of calculated and measured stress-strain curves reveal a well-defined single-value property of collagenous tissues, which is related to the threshold strain εth for irreversible transformation. Further discussion of several physio-mechanical processes that can induce irreversible behavior indicate that the most probable process, which is in agreement with our results for εth, is a phase transformation of collagen molecules from an α-helix to a β-sheet structure. A phase transformation is a manifestation of a significant change in the molecular structure of the collagen tissues that can alter connections with surrounding molecules and may lead to critical biological changes, e.g., an initiation of labor. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study is driven by the hypothesis that pre-contraction mechanical stretch of the fetal membrane (FM) can lead to a change in the microstructure of the FM, which in turn induces a critical biological (hormonal) change that leads to the initiation of labor. We present mechanical characterizations of live FM tissues that reveal a significant irreversible process and a new model for the mechanical response of collagen tissues, which accounts for this process. Fittings of calculated and measured results reveal a well-defined single-value property of collagenous tissues, which is related to the threshold strain for irreversible transformation. Further discussion indicates that the irreversible deformation is induced by a phase transformation of collagen molecules that can lead to critical biological changes.
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16
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Oliveira MS, Barreto-Filho JB. Placental-derived stem cells: Culture, differentiation and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:769-775. [PMID: 26029347 PMCID: PMC4444616 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i4.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to clinical healing in several diseases. A great variety of tissues (bone marrow, adipose tissue, and placenta) are potentially sources of stem cells. Placenta-derived stem cells (p-SCs) are in between embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells, sharing characteristics with both, such as non-carcinogenic status and property to differentiate in all embryonic germ layers. Moreover, their use is not ethically restricted as fetal membranes are considered medical waste after birth. In this context, the present review will be focused on the biological properties, culture and potential cell therapy uses of placental-derived stem cells. Immunophenotype characterization, mainly for surface marker expression, and basic principles of p-SC isolation and culture (mechanical separation or enzymatic digestion of the tissues, the most used culture media, cell plating conditions) will be presented. In addition, some preclinical studies that were performed in different medical areas will be cited, focusing on neurological, liver, pancreatic, heart, muscle, pulmonary, and bone diseases and also in tissue engineering field. Finally, some challenges for stem cell therapy applications will be highlighted. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the p-SCs differentiation and the achievement of pure cell populations (after differentiation) are key points that must be clarified before bringing the preclinical studies, performed at the bench, to the medical practice.
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17
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Kivelio A, Ochsenbein-Koelble N, Zimmermann R, Ehrbar M. Engineered cell instructive matrices for fetal membrane healing. Acta Biomater 2015; 15:1-10. [PMID: 25536031 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Iatrogenic preterm prelabour rupture of fetal membranes (iPPROM) occurs in 6-45% of the cases after fetoscopic procedures, posing a significant threat to fetal survival and well-being. The number of diagnostic and therapeutic prenatal interventions available is increasing, thus developing treatment options for iPPROM is becoming more important than ever before. Fetal membranes exhibit very restricted regeneration and little is known about factors which might modulate their healing potential, rendering various materials and strategies to seal or heal fetal membranes pursued over the past decades relatively fruitless. Additionally, biocompatible materials with tunable in vivo stability and mechanical and biological properties have not been available. Using poly(ethylene glycol)-based biomimetic matrices, we provide evidence that, upon presentation of appropriate biological cues in three dimensions, mesenchymal progenitor cells from the amnion can be mobilized, induced to proliferate and supported in maintaining their native extracellular matrix production, thus creating a suitable environment for healing to take place. These data suggest that engineering materials with defined mechanical and biochemical properties and the ability to present migration- and proliferation-inducing factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor, could be key in resolving the clinical problem of iPPROM and allowing the field of fetal surgery to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kivelio
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - R Zimmermann
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Ehrbar
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Avila C, Santorelli J, Mathai J, Ishkin S, Jabsky M, Willins J, Figueroa R, Kaplan C. Anatomy of the fetal membranes using optical coherence tomography: part 1. Placenta 2014; 35:1065-9. [PMID: 25443432 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vitro studies on the structure of human fetal membranes have involved light or electron microscopy with fixation, dehydration, and staining. Recently, optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technology, has provided high-resolution cross-sectional images of living biological tissues, with a penetration of 2-3 mm. We evaluated the use of this technology to examine the histologic features of human fetal membranes immediately after delivery. METHODS Samples of fetal membranes of ten patients undergoing cesarean deliveries (four uncomplicated pregnancies, four with preeclampsia, and two with chorioamnionitis) and eight patients undergoing vaginal deliveries (six uncomplicated pregnancies and two with chorioamnionitis) were collected immediately after delivery. Samples were stretched across customized disks, rinsed, and analyzed using a time-domain OCT imaging system. Following OCT scanning, the samples were placed in formalin for histologic study. The OCT images were compared to histologic images of common human fetal membrane features. RESULTS We were able to delineate the layers of the fetal membranes using bench-top time-domain OCT. The system was able to image histologic features of the fetal membranes, such as microscopic chorionic pseudocysts, ghost villi, meconium stained membranes, and chorioamnionitis. The OCT images corresponded with the histologic findings. DISCUSSION This feasibility study demonstrates the potential of OCT technology for real-time assessment of human fetal membranes and may provide clinically useful information at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Avila
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - J Santorelli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J Mathai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - S Ishkin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - M Jabsky
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - J Willins
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - R Figueroa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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19
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Mauri A, Perrini M, Mateos JM, Maake C, Ochsenbein-Koelble N, Zimmermann R, Ehrbar M, Mazza E. Second harmonic generation microscopy of fetal membranes under deformation: normal and altered morphology. Placenta 2013; 34:1020-6. [PMID: 24070621 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insight into the microstructure of fetal membrane and its response to deformation is important for understanding causes of preterm premature rupture of the membrane. However, the microstructure of fetal membranes under deformation has not been visualized yet. Second harmonic generation microscopy, combined with an in-situ stretching device, can provide this valuable information. METHODS Eight fetal membranes were marked over the cervix with methylene blue during elective caesarean section. One sample per membrane of reflected tissue, between the placenta and the cervical region, was cyclically stretched with a custom built inflation device. Samples were mounted on an in-situ stretching device and imaged with a multiphoton microscope at different deformation levels. Microstructural parameters such as thickness and collagen orientation were determined. Image entropy was evaluated for the spongy layer. RESULTS The spongy layer consistently shows an altered collagen structure in the cervical and cycled tissue compared with the reflected membrane, corresponding to a significantly higher image entropy. An increased thickness of collagenous layers was found in cervical and stretched samples in comparison to the reflected tissue. Significant collagen fibre alignment was found to occur already at moderate deformation in all samples. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, second harmonic generation microscopy has been used to visualize the microstructure of fetal membranes. Repeated mechanical loading was shown to affect the integrity of the amnion-chorion interface which might indicate an increased risk of premature rupture of fetal membrane. Moreover, mechanical loading might contribute to morphological alterations of the fetal membrane over the cervical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mauri
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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